EP2129819B1 - Fabric in the form of a knitted, woven, or a nonwoven type of article of clothing or for a seat cover or for a textile surface or for an element made of a textile - Google Patents

Fabric in the form of a knitted, woven, or a nonwoven type of article of clothing or for a seat cover or for a textile surface or for an element made of a textile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2129819B1
EP2129819B1 EP08715826.7A EP08715826A EP2129819B1 EP 2129819 B1 EP2129819 B1 EP 2129819B1 EP 08715826 A EP08715826 A EP 08715826A EP 2129819 B1 EP2129819 B1 EP 2129819B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
textile
fiber bundles
seat area
area according
Prior art date
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Application number
EP08715826.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2129819A1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Michelmann
Martin Müller
Thorsten Schleucher
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IG Bauerhin GmbH
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IG Bauerhin GmbH
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Publication of EP2129819A1 publication Critical patent/EP2129819A1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/26—Electrically protective, e.g. preventing static electricity or electric shock
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
    • D03D1/0058—Electromagnetic radiation resistant
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
    • D03D1/007—UV radiation protecting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0088—Fabrics having an electronic function
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/14—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/30—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensation products not covered by indexing codes D10B2331/02 - D10B2331/14
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0243—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing functional properties
    • D10B2403/02431—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing functional properties with electronic components, e.g. sensors or switches
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/08—Upholstery, mattresses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a textile seat, in particular for motor vehicles, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • plastic fibers or filaments are used to an increasing extent, which are coated with a metal layer.
  • This type of conductor primarily uses thermoplastics as a core to which a gold or silver overlay is applied. With these materials, it is possible to produce highly flexible, breakable and bendable conductors and strands that can be used as signal, power supply or heating conductors.
  • Ladder as described above are in the DE 10 2004 011 514 A1 described and are used for electrical heating elements.
  • conductors with diameters smaller than 20 ⁇ m achieve the flexibility and bendability of pure textile fibers.
  • Conductor structures of the above type have the disadvantage that they are only limited in temperature stability.
  • FEP fluorine-containing plastics
  • PTFE PTFE
  • aramids could remedy this problem, the adhesion of a conductor material to the fiber surface of the aramid would be insufficient, so that the bending flexibility in conjunction with a constant electrical conductance can not be achieved.
  • the raw steel filaments ie those without coating, are from the US 3,472,289 known; Such steel filaments reach at present time minimum diameter of up to 8 microns.
  • the surrounding cladding material may be nickel, gold, silver or another conductive metal.
  • the US-A-5,968,854 which dates back to 1997 and was published in October 1999, describes an electromagnetic shielding, flexible textile formed of synthetic filaments previously coated with silver.
  • the silver content of the coated thread should not be less than 20% by weight.
  • the threads of the knitted fabric should be able to move well against each other due to a good lubricity.
  • the knitted fabric should be used for garments. Also, the use is indicated as a bed sheet.
  • the US-B1-6,228,922 which dates back to 1998 and was published in May 2001, describes a process for producing a highly conductive metal containing polymer fiber, wherein the polymer fiber is immersed in a solution containing a metal precursor selected from organic or inorganic salts of copper, silver, aluminum, gold, iron and nickel. The metal precursor is then reduced chemically, electrochemically or thermally so that the conductive metal is introduced into the polymer.
  • a metal precursor selected from organic or inorganic salts of copper, silver, aluminum, gold, iron and nickel.
  • the polymer can be selected from the group consisting of poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole), poly (p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole, poly (p-phenylenebenzobisimidazole) (PBI), poly (imidazoisoquinoline) (BBL), poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and nylon.
  • the WO 02/34988 A2 describes a textile that generates electrical heat. It will be shown woven, knitted and knitted fabrics in which an electrically conductive thread is incorporated, As a conductive threads PTC yarn is to be used. ie one that has a positive Temperaturkoeifizienfen.
  • the FR 2 838 455 A describes a yarn for the production of high temperature resistant textiles.
  • fibers of poly (-phenylene-benzobisoxazol) are given, which are also under the trade name Zylori® Toyobo Co. Ltd. to be expelled.
  • the fiber can also be used for producing woven or knitted or knitted articles.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a textile seat that does not have the disadvantages set forth in the prior art and the good durability, Lifespan, temperature resistance and good electrical properties in a mechanically and thermally or optically highly loaded environment has.
  • the plastic property pensions are formed from poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) with a coating of a conductive layer. These conductive-coated plastic filaments can be combined into fiber bundles. Each fiber bundle comprises a corresponding number of plastic filaments made of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole). Pofy (p-phenylene-2,6-benzabisaxazole), also abbreviated as p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole, or PBO, and has almost twice the modulus of elasticity of conventional aramid fibers.
  • Suitable coating materials which can be used are in principle all metal, but in particular silver or nickel, with nickel showing advantages in high-temperature applications and under electrochemical loading (electrocorrosion) in conjunction with salt solutions (sodium chloride). Such stresses occur mainly by body sweat in seats, for example in motor vehicles on.
  • a plurality of the fibers or fiber bundles are arranged so that they, not touching, run parallel to one another.
  • the fibers or fiber bundles can be arranged wavy, parallel to each other.
  • the fibers or fiber bundles of the plastic filaments formed of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) filaments may be embroidered on a base surface or acted upon in the meshes of such a base surface.
  • electrical supply lines can be realized in which it is necessary is to separate the return and the return conductor, as it must be ensured that they do not touch during movement.
  • the fibers or fiber bundles can serve as electrical leads for electric consumers integrated in seating surfaces.
  • a particularly secure guidance of the fibers or fiber bundles can be achieved by means of embroidery technology, in which the sewing threads fix the fiber bundle on the textile.
  • the fibers or fiber bundles can be designed as heating conductors. This is possible because the coated fibers or fiber bundles can ensure temperature stability at temperatures of up to 600 ° C.
  • the terminals and thus the high number of individual filaments can simply be connected by means of soldering technology, since the melting temperature, for example when tin is used for soldering, is below the decomposition temperature of the poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazot) -feitaments lies.
  • the fibers are suitable as a heating conductor, supply line or in thinner form for overriding data.
  • the fibers are suitable as a heating conductor, supply line or in thinner form for overriding data.
  • the metal-coated individual filaments can additionally be coated with an insulating lacquer layer.
  • Suitable lacquers are those based on polyurethane or polyimide.
  • lacquer layers of polyurethane can be removed in the hot solder bath at about 400 ° C, which at the same time all filaments are connected without destroying the fibers.
  • the individual fibers or the fiber bundles may carry an outer electrical insulation layer.
  • an outer insulation layer can also be formed by a lacquer layer; preferably polyurethane is used for this purpose
  • the fibers or fiber bundles may be used to interconnect pressure sensors for seat occupancy or touch detection integrated into the seat or garments and may also serve as a connection to a main port.
  • fibers or fiber bundles may also serve as a connection to a main flange.
  • such materials can be used as a shield against electromagnetic and electric fields for high temperature applications above 200 ° C.
  • a metal-coated fiber structure can effectively prevent the decomposition of the poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) filaments under UV light, as it is present in sunlight, for example, and thus the protective device has a long-term stability can hold.
  • a surface heating element 1 is shown, are in the heating element 2 in the form of plastic filaments, which are made of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisaxazole) and having a metallic coating, forfeited and form a heating surface or heating mat 3.
  • contact conductors 4, 5 which serve to supply and discharge current.
  • These contact conductors 4, 5 are formed of fiber bundles, each fiber bundle composed of a plurality of fibers, each fiber of a plurality of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) filaments, also with a metallic coating. Both the heating conductors 2 and the contact conductors 4, 5 are thus in conductive contact with each other via the metallic coating.
  • FIG. 2 shows a surface element 6 with arranged in a lattice-like structure on a substrate 7 fibers or fiber bundles 8, which stand over the metallic coating in electrical contact miteinamder.
  • This surface element can be used for example as a shielding part.
  • FIG. 3 shows a mattenformiges heating element 9 with a meandering heating conductor 10, which is isolated by an insulation coating.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a single fiber 11 having a core of a plurality of plastic filaments 12 formed of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole).
  • the plastic filaments 12 are each provided with a metal coating.
  • the core or the filament bundle 12 is provided with an electrically non-conductive coating 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fiber bundle 14, which is composed of a plurality of individual fibers 15, which are surrounded by a sheath 16 of an electrically non-conductive material, such as a lacquer layer of polyurethane.
  • an electrically non-conductive material such as a lacquer layer of polyurethane.
  • the individual fibers 15 may be such fibers, which in FIG. 4 are shown, therefore, therefore, those which are provided with an insulating layer 13; but it is also possible to use the individual fibers without a coating.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine textile Sitzfläche, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, gernäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a textile seat, in particular for motor vehicles, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Herstellung von elektrischen Leiterbahnen in Textilien werden in immer stärkerem Umfang Kunststofffasern oder -fäden verwendet, die mit einer Metallschicht ummantelt sind. Diese Art der Leiter verwendet in erster Linie thermoplastische Kunststoffe als Kern, auf denen eine Gold- oder Silberauflage aufgebracht wird. Mit diesen Materialien ist es möglich, hoch flexible, reiß- und biegewechselfähige Leiter und Litzen herzustellen, die als Signal-, Stromzuführungs- oder Heizleiter eingesetzt werden können.For the production of electrical conductors in textiles, plastic fibers or filaments are used to an increasing extent, which are coated with a metal layer. This type of conductor primarily uses thermoplastics as a core to which a gold or silver overlay is applied. With these materials, it is possible to produce highly flexible, breakable and bendable conductors and strands that can be used as signal, power supply or heating conductors.

Leiter, wie sie vorstehend beschrieben sind, sind in der DE 10 2004 011 514 A1 beschrieben und werden für elektrische Heizelemente eingesetzt.Ladder as described above are in the DE 10 2004 011 514 A1 described and are used for electrical heating elements.

Insbesondere Leiter mit Durchmessern, die kleiner als 20 µm sind, erreichen die Flexibilität und Biegewechselfähigkeit von reinen textilen Fasern.In particular, conductors with diameters smaller than 20 μm achieve the flexibility and bendability of pure textile fibers.

Leiterstrukturen, der vorstehenden Art, haben den Nachteil, dass sie nur begrenzt temperaturstabil sind.Conductor structures of the above type have the disadvantage that they are only limited in temperature stability.

Setzt man fluorhaltige Kunststoffe (FEP, PTFE) ein, die Temperaturen im Bereich von 300 bis 400°C standhalten, so ergibt sich zwar eine verbesserte Temperaturstabilität, jedoch ist die Zugfestigkeit dieser Kunststoffe so gering, dass die gewünschte Lebensdauer in Textilien, die ständigen Bewegungen ausgesetzt sind, nicht erreicht werden kann. Die Verwendung von Aramiden könnte zwar dieses Problem beheben, allerdings würde die Haftung eines Leitermaterials auf der Faseroberfläche des Aramides ungenügend sein, so dass die Biegewechselfähigkeit in Verbindung mit einem konstanten elektrischen Leitwert nicht erreicht werden kann.If one uses fluorine-containing plastics (FEP, PTFE), which withstand temperatures in the range of 300 to 400 ° C, although there is an improved temperature stability, but the tensile strength of these plastics is so low that the desired life in textiles, the constant movements can not be reached. Although the use of aramids could remedy this problem, the adhesion of a conductor material to the fiber surface of the aramid would be insufficient, so that the bending flexibility in conjunction with a constant electrical conductance can not be achieved.

Eine Lösung dieses Problems wird in der DE 102 06 336 A1 beschrieben, die sich mit elektrischen Heizelementen für Sitzheizungen und Lenkradheizungen befasst. Es werden unter anderem Heiz- und Zuleitungen angegeben, bei denen der Kern aus Stahl besteht, so dass ein solcher Leiter für höhere Temperaturen, wie beispielsweise für Heizleiter, einsetzbar ist. Derartige Drähte sind als Kem-Mantel-Drähte bekannt. Offensichtlich ist die Haftung zwischen dem Stahlkem und einem Leitermaterial, wie z.B. Kupfer, für Anwendungen ausreichend, bei denen diese Leiter zum Einsatz kommen, beispielsweise in textilen Materialien, die ständigen Bewegungen ausgesetzt sind. Derartige Leiter sind allerdings, im Vergleich zu Leitern mit einem Kunststoffkern, durch die sehr harten und wenig flexiblen Stahlkeme sowie die bei dieser Technik verwendeten Durchmesser der Einzelfäden nachteilig. Übliche Ver fahren der Ziehtechnik, um Kern-Mantel-Drähten zu bilden, lassen kaum Durchmesser von weniger als 30 µm zu, so dass diese Art der Leiter wegen ihrem Durchmesser von minimal 30 µm nur bedingt geeignet ist. Besteht der Kern aus Metall, so ergibt sich weiterhin ein Problem aufgrund des recht hohen spezifischen Gewichts der Faser im Vergleich zu reinen textilen Strukturen, was gerade Anwendungen, die einen hohen Materialeinsatz fordern, problematisch macht.A solution to this problem will be in the DE 102 06 336 A1 which deals with electrical heaters for seat heaters and steering wheel heaters. Among other things, heating and supply lines are specified in which the core is made of Steel exists, so that such a conductor for higher temperatures, such as for heat conductors, can be used. Such wires are known as core-sheath wires. Obviously, the adhesion between the steel core and a conductor material, such as copper, is sufficient for applications where these conductors are used, for example, in textile materials which are subject to constant movement. However, such conductors are disadvantageous, as compared to conductors with a plastic core, by the very hard and less flexible Stahlkeme and the diameter of the monofilaments used in this technique. Conventional methods of drawing to form core-sheath wires, hardly allow diameter of less than 30 microns, so that this type of conductor is only partially suitable because of their diameter of at least 30 microns. If the core consists of metal, then there is still a problem due to the rather high specific weight of the fiber in comparison to pure textile structures, which makes problematic applications which demand a high material usage.

Eine andere Lösung sind galvanisch oder mittels Vakuumbedampfung ummantelt Stahlfilamente. Die rohen Stahlfilamente, d.h. solche ohne Beschichtung, sind dabei aus der US 3,472,289 bekannt; solche Stahlfilamente erreichen zum heutigen Zeitpunkt minimale Durchmesser von bis zu 8 µm. Das umgebende Mantel-Material kann Nickel, Gold, Silber oder ein anderes leitfähiges Metall sein. Zwar konnte die Flexibilität gegenüber einem Kern-Mantel-Leiter mit einem Durchmesser von 30 µm erheblich gesteigert werden, doch ergeben sich durch den zähen Stahlkem und das recht hohe spezifische Gewicht immer noch gravierende Unterschiede zu reinen textilen Fasern.Another solution is galvanic or by vacuum evaporation coated steel filaments. The raw steel filaments, ie those without coating, are from the US 3,472,289 known; Such steel filaments reach at present time minimum diameter of up to 8 microns. The surrounding cladding material may be nickel, gold, silver or another conductive metal. Although the flexibility compared to a core-sheath conductor with a diameter of 30 microns could be significantly increased, but resulting by the tough steel core and the very high specific gravity still serious differences from pure textile fibers.

Die US-A- 5 968 854 , die auf das Jahr 1997 zurückgeht und im Oktober 1999 veröf fentlicht wurde, beschreibt ein elektromagnetisch abschirmendes, flexibles Textil, das aus synthetischen Fäden gebildet ist, die zuvor mit einer Silberbeschichtung versehen wurden. Der Silbergehalt des beschichteten Fadens soll nicht geringer als 20 Gewichtsprozent betragen. Die Fäden des Gewirkes sollen sich gut gegeneinander aufgrund einer guten Gleitfähigkeit verschieben lassen. Das Gewirke soll für Kleidungsstücke eingesetzt werden. Auch ist die Verwendung als Bettlaken angegeben.The US-A-5,968,854 , which dates back to 1997 and was published in October 1999, describes an electromagnetic shielding, flexible textile formed of synthetic filaments previously coated with silver. The silver content of the coated thread should not be less than 20% by weight. The threads of the knitted fabric should be able to move well against each other due to a good lubricity. The knitted fabric should be used for garments. Also, the use is indicated as a bed sheet.

Die US-B1-6 228 922 , die auf das Jahr 1998 zurückgeht und im Mai 2001 veröffentlicht wurde, beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer hochleitfähigen, Metall enthaltenden Polymerfaser, bei dem die Polymerfaser in eine Lösung eingetaucht wird, die einen Metall-Precursor enthält, der ausgewählt ist aus organischen oder anorganischen Salzen von Kupfer, Silber, Aluminium, Gold, Eisen und Nickel. Der Metall-Precursor wird dann chemisch, elektro-chemisch oder thermisch reduziert, so dass das leitfähige Metall in das Polymer eingebracht wird. Das Polymer kann aus der Gruppe ausgewählt werden, die Poly(p-phenylenbenzobisthiazol), Poly(p-phenylenbenzobisoxazol, Poly(p-phenylenbenzobisimidazol) (PBI), Poly(imidazoisoquinolin) (BBL), Poly(p-phenylenterephthalamid) (PPTA) und Nylon bestehen.The US-B1-6,228,922 , which dates back to 1998 and was published in May 2001, describes a process for producing a highly conductive metal containing polymer fiber, wherein the polymer fiber is immersed in a solution containing a metal precursor selected from organic or inorganic salts of copper, silver, aluminum, gold, iron and nickel. The metal precursor is then reduced chemically, electrochemically or thermally so that the conductive metal is introduced into the polymer. The polymer can be selected from the group consisting of poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole), poly (p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole, poly (p-phenylenebenzobisimidazole) (PBI), poly (imidazoisoquinoline) (BBL), poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and nylon.

Die WO 02/34988 A2 , beschreibt ein Textil, das elektrisch Wärme erzeugt. Es werden gewebte, gestrickte und gewirkte Textilien gezeigt, in die ein elektrische leitender Faden eingearbeitet ist, Als leitende Fäden soll ein PTC-Garn verwendet werden. d.h. ein solches, das einen positiven Temperaturkoeifizienfen besitzt.The WO 02/34988 A2 , describes a textile that generates electrical heat. It will be shown woven, knitted and knitted fabrics in which an electrically conductive thread is incorporated, As a conductive threads PTC yarn is to be used. ie one that has a positive Temperaturkoeifizienfen.

Die FR 2 838 455 A , beschreibt ein Garn für die Herstellung von hochtemperaturbeständigen Textilien. In Verbindung mit diesem Garn werden Fasern aus Poly(-phenylene-benzobisoxazol) angegeben, die auch unter dem Handelsname Zylori® der Firma Toyobo Co. Ltd. vertrieben werden.The FR 2 838 455 A , describes a yarn for the production of high temperature resistant textiles. In connection with this yarn fibers of poly (-phenylene-benzobisoxazol) are given, which are also under the trade name Zylori® Toyobo Co. Ltd. to be expelled.

Der Artikel " Highly thermally Resistant Fiber at 650°C Super Fiber of the Next Generation", GLASS WEEKLY NEWS, Nr. 8, 2. November 1998, Seiten 1-9 , XP-002969070, beschreibt das Produkt Zylon® der Firma Toyobo Co. Ltd. als eine PBO (para-phenytene-benzobisoxazole) Faser, die eine hohe Wärmebeständigkeit zeigt und optimal für die Verwendung als wärmebeständiges Polsterniaterial und als Material für Förderbänder verwendet werden kann. Insbesondere soll das Material im Bereich der Glasherstellung verwendet wenden- Die Faser kann auch zum Herstellen von gewebten oder gewirkten oder gestrickten Gegenständen Anwendung finden.The item " Highly Thermally Resistant Fiber at 650 ° C. Super Fiber of the Next Generation ", GLASS WEEKLY NEWS, No. 8, November 2, 1998, pages 1-9 , XP-002969070, describes the product Zylon® from Toyobo Co. Ltd. as a PBO (para-phenytene-benzobisoxazole) fiber, which exhibits high heat resistance and can be optimally used for use as a heat-resistant cushioning material and as a material for conveyor belts. In particular, the material should be used in the field of glass production. The fiber can also be used for producing woven or knitted or knitted articles.

Ausgehend von dem vorstehend beschriebenen Stand der Technik, und insbesondere von einer textilen Sitzfläche der eingangs beschriebenen Art, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine textile Sitzfläche zu schaffen, die die anhand des Stands der Technik dargelegten Nachteile nicht aufweist und die eine gute Haltbarkeit, Lebensdauer, Temperaturbeständigkeit und gute elektrische Eigenschaften in einer mechanisch und thermisch oder optisch hoch belasteten Umgebung besitzt.Based on the above-described prior art, and in particular of a textile seat of the type described above, the invention has for its object to provide a textile seat that does not have the disadvantages set forth in the prior art and the good durability, Lifespan, temperature resistance and good electrical properties in a mechanically and thermally or optically highly loaded environment has.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine textile Sitzfläche mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Kunststofffilarrrente sind aus Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol) mit einem Überzug aus einer leitfähigen Schicht gebildet. Diese Kunststofffilamente mit leitfähigem Überzug können zu Faserbündeln zusammengefasst werden. Jedes Faserbündel umfasst dabei eine entsprechende Anzahl an Kunststofffilamenten aus Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol). Pofy(p-phenylene-2,6-benzabisaxazol), auch in abgekürzter Form als p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol, oder PBO, bezeichnet, und hat einen fast doppelt so hohen Elastizitätsmodul wie übliche Aramidfasern. In Verbindung mit der hohen Zugfestigkeit von ca, 5,5 bis 6,0 GPA, was etwa der 10-fachen Zugfestigkeit von Strahl entspricht. Geeignete Beschichtungsmaterialien, die eingesetzt werden können, sind prinzipiell alle Metall, insbesondere aber Silber oder Nickel, wobei Nickel bei Hochtemperaturanwendungen und unter elektrochemischer Belastung (Elektrokorrosion) in Verbindung mit Salzlösungen (Natriumchlorid) Vorteile zeigt. Derartige Belastungen treten vor allem durch Körperschweiß in Sitzflächen, beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen, auf.This object is achieved by a textile seat with the features of claim 1. The plastic property pensions are formed from poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) with a coating of a conductive layer. These conductive-coated plastic filaments can be combined into fiber bundles. Each fiber bundle comprises a corresponding number of plastic filaments made of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole). Pofy (p-phenylene-2,6-benzabisaxazole), also abbreviated as p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole, or PBO, and has almost twice the modulus of elasticity of conventional aramid fibers. In combination with the high tensile strength of ca, 5.5 to 6.0 GPA, which corresponds to about 10 times the tensile strength of jet. Suitable coating materials which can be used are in principle all metal, but in particular silver or nickel, with nickel showing advantages in high-temperature applications and under electrochemical loading (electrocorrosion) in conjunction with salt solutions (sodium chloride). Such stresses occur mainly by body sweat in seats, for example in motor vehicles on.

Es wurde in überraschender Weise festgestellt, dass die Haftung von Metallen auf Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol)-Filamenten gegenüber Materialien wie Polyester oder Polyamin sehr stark verbessert ist und die Fasern somit widerstandsfähiger sind. Die Ursache hierfür wird hauptsächlich in der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Fasern und der geringen Bruchdehnung von ca. 4 % in Verbindung mit der Zugfestigkeit gesehen. Bei derart geringer Bruchdehnung erfolgt eine Ermüdung der Metallschicht und damit eine Rissbildung erheblich später.It has surprisingly been found that the adhesion of metals to poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) filaments is much improved over materials such as polyester or polyamine, and thus the fibers are more resistant. The reason for this is mainly seen in the surface texture of the fibers and the low elongation at break of about 4% in connection with the tensile strength. With such a low elongation at break fatigue of the metal layer and thus cracking occurs much later.

Weiterhin wird ein Nachteil der Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol)-Filamente, nämlich die Zersetzung unter ultravioletter Strahlung, insbesondere durch die Metall-schicht, wirksam verhindert.Furthermore, a disadvantage of the poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) filaments, namely the decomposition under ultraviolet radiation, in particular by the metal layer, effectively prevented.

In einer Ausgestaltung werden mehrere der Fasern oder Faserbündel so angeordnet, dass sie, sich nicht berührend, parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die Fasern oder Faserbündel können wellenförmig, parallel zueinander verlaufend angeordnet werden.In one embodiment, a plurality of the fibers or fiber bundles are arranged so that they, not touching, run parallel to one another. The fibers or fiber bundles can be arranged wavy, parallel to each other.

Die Fasern oder Faserbündel aus den Kunststofffilamenten, die aus Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol)-Filamenten gebildet sind, können auf einer Basisfläche aufgestickt oder in die Maschen einer solchen Basisfläche eingewirkt werden. Hierdurch können elektrische Zuleitungen realisiert werden, bei denen es notwendig ist, Hin- und Rückleiter getrennt und parallel zu führen, da sichergestellt werden muss, dass sich diese unter Bewegung nicht berühren.The fibers or fiber bundles of the plastic filaments formed of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) filaments may be embroidered on a base surface or acted upon in the meshes of such a base surface. As a result, electrical supply lines can be realized in which it is necessary is to separate the return and the return conductor, as it must be ensured that they do not touch during movement.

Die Fasern oder Faserbündel können als elektrische Zuleitungen für in Sitzflächen integrierte elektrische Verbraucher dienen.The fibers or fiber bundles can serve as electrical leads for electric consumers integrated in seating surfaces.

Eine besonders sichere Führung der Fasern oder Faserbündel ist mittels Sticktechnik zu erreichen, bei der die Nähfäden das Faserbündel auf dem Textil fixieren.A particularly secure guidance of the fibers or fiber bundles can be achieved by means of embroidery technology, in which the sewing threads fix the fiber bundle on the textile.

Die Fasern oder Faserbündel können als Heizleiter ausgelegt werden. Dies ist möglich, da die beschichteten Fasern oder Faserbündel eine Temperaturstabilität bei Temperaturen von bis zu 600 °C gewährleisten können. Die Anschlüsse und damit die hohe Zahl der Einzelfilamente können einfach mittels Löttechnik verbunden wer-den, da die Schmelztemperatur beispielsweise dann, wenn Zinn zum Verlöten eingesetzt wird, welt unter der Zersetzungstemperatur der Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazot)-Fitamente liegt.The fibers or fiber bundles can be designed as heating conductors. This is possible because the coated fibers or fiber bundles can ensure temperature stability at temperatures of up to 600 ° C. The terminals and thus the high number of individual filaments can simply be connected by means of soldering technology, since the melting temperature, for example when tin is used for soldering, is below the decomposition temperature of the poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazot) -feitaments lies.

Die Fasern sind je nach Querschnitt als Heizleiter, Zuleitung oder in dünnerer Form zum überragen von Daten geeignet. Somit ist es möglich, über die Fasern oder Faserbündel sowohl die Versorgung elektrischer Verbraucher als auch eine elektrische Datenübertragung zu den Verbrauchern vorzunehmen.Depending on the cross-section, the fibers are suitable as a heating conductor, supply line or in thinner form for overriding data. Thus, it is possible to make both the supply of electrical consumers and an electrical data transmission to the consumers via the fibers or fiber bundles.

Um Kurzschlüsse zu verhindern, können die mit Metall beschichteten Einzelfilamente zusätzlich mit einer isolierenden Lackschicht überzogen werden. Geeignete Lacke sind solche auf der Basis von Polyurethan oder Polyimid. Insbesondere Lackschichten aus Polyurethan können im heißen Lötzinnbad bei ca. 400 °C entfernt werden, wodurch gleichzeitig alle Filamente verbunden werden, ohne die Fasern zu zerstören.In order to prevent short circuits, the metal-coated individual filaments can additionally be coated with an insulating lacquer layer. Suitable lacquers are those based on polyurethane or polyimide. In particular, lacquer layers of polyurethane can be removed in the hot solder bath at about 400 ° C, which at the same time all filaments are connected without destroying the fibers.

Auch können für eine Isolation die einzelnen Fasern oder die Faserbündel eine äußere elektrischer Isolationsschicht tragen. Eine solche äußere Isolationsschicht kann auch durch eine Lackschicht gebildet werden; vorzugsweise wird hierfür Polyurethan verwendetAlso, for isolation, the individual fibers or the fiber bundles may carry an outer electrical insulation layer. Such an outer insulation layer can also be formed by a lacquer layer; preferably polyurethane is used for this purpose

Da die geringe Dehnung der Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzoblsoxazol)-Filamente in der Regel unter der Dehnung von gängigen textilen Fasern liegt, ist es vorteilhaft, diese wellenförmig und parallel auf oder in der Ebene der textilen Fläche zu führen.Since the low elongation of the poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzofinsoxazole) filaments is generally below the elongation of conventional textile fibers, it is advantageous to guide them wavy and parallel on or in the plane of the textile surface.

Auch ist es möglich, die Fasern oder Faserbündel in einer engen, gitterähnlichen Struktur verlaufen zu lassen, so dass eine homogene, leitfähige Fläche gebildet wird. Ordnet man die leitfähigen Fasern in einer solchen Gitterstruktur an, können elektrische und elektromagnetische Felder wirksam abgeschirmt werden. Die Vorteile der beschichteten Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzoblsoxazol)-Filamente sind in erster Linie eine flexible Abschirmung bei hohen Temperaturen, wie sie zum Beispiel in elektrisch gesteuerten oder überwachten Verbrennungsmaschinen auftreten.It is also possible to run the fibers or fiber bundles in a narrow, grid-like structure, so that a homogeneous, conductive surface is formed. By placing the conductive fibers in such a lattice structure, electrical and electromagnetic fields can be effectively shielded. The advantages of the coated poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzo-beoxazole) filaments are primarily a flexible shielding at high temperatures, such as those found in electrically controlled or monitored internal combustion engines.

Die Fasern oder Faserbündel können dazu eingesetzt werden, Drucksensoren für eine Sitzbelegungs- oder Berührungserkennung, die in die Sitzfläche oder in Kleidungsteile integriert sind, untereinander zu verbinden, und können auch als Verbindung mit einem Hauptanschluss dienen.The fibers or fiber bundles may be used to interconnect pressure sensors for seat occupancy or touch detection integrated into the seat or garments and may also serve as a connection to a main port.

Auch ist es möglich, die Fasern oder Faserbündel dazu einzusetzen, Lüftermotore zur Belüftung, die an dem Sitz angebracht sind, untereinander zu verbinden, und sie können auch als Verbindung mit einem Hauptanschiuss dienen.It is also possible to use the fibers or fiber bundles to interconnect fan ventilation motors mounted on the seat, and they may also serve as a connection to a main flange.

Auch können solche Stoffe als Abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische und elektrische Felder für Hochtemperaturanwendungen über 200 °C verwendet werden.Also, such materials can be used as a shield against electromagnetic and electric fields for high temperature applications above 200 ° C.

Schließlich sind solche Stoffe als Schutz für Fahrzeugpanzerungen einsetzbar. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass eine mit Metall beschichtete Faserstruktur die Zersetzung der Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol)-Filamente unter UV-Licht, wie dieses zum Beispiel Im Sonnenlicht vorhanden ist, wirksam unterbinden kann und so die Schutzeinrichtung langzeitstabil halten kann.Finally, such substances can be used as protection for vehicle armor. It has been found that a metal-coated fiber structure can effectively prevent the decomposition of the poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) filaments under UV light, as it is present in sunlight, for example, and thus the protective device has a long-term stability can hold.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung. In der Zeichnung zeigt

  • Figur 1 einen Ausschnitt eines Flächenheizelements,
  • Figur 2 ein Element mit in gitterförmiger Struktur angeordneten Fasern oder Faser-bündeln,
  • Figur 3 ein mattenförmiges Heizelement mit einem mäanderförmigen Heizleiter,
  • Figur 4 einen Querschnitt eines einzelnen Fadens mit Kunststofffilamenten, die durch einen Überzug umhüllt sind, und
  • Figur 5 einen Querschnitt, durch ein Faserbündel, das durch eine isolierende Hülle umgeben ist.
Further details and features will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows
  • FIG. 1 a section of a surface heating element,
  • FIG. 2 an element with lattice-like structure arranged fibers or fiber bundles,
  • FIG. 3 a mat-shaped heating element with a meandering heating conductor,
  • FIG. 4 a cross section of a single thread with plastic filaments, which are covered by a coating, and
  • FIG. 5 a cross section through a fiber bundle, which is surrounded by an insulating sheath.

In Figur 1 ist ein Flächenheizelement 1 gezeigt, bei dem Heizleiter 2 in Form von Kunststofffilamenten, die aus Poly(p-phanylene-2,6-benzobisaxazol) gebildet sind und einen metallischen Überzug aufweisen, verwirkt sind und eine Heizfläche oder Heizmatte 3 bilden. An den zwei gegenüberliegenden Randbereichen der Heizmatte 3 befinden sich Kontaktleiter 4, 5, die der Stromzu- und -abführung dienen. Diese Kontaktleiter 4, 5 sind aus Faserbündeln gebildet, wobei jedes Faserbündel aus mehreren Fasern, jede Faser aus einer Vielzahl von Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol)-Filamenten, auch mit einem metallischen Überzug, zusammengesetzt ist. Sowohl die Heizleiter 2 als auch die Kontaktleiter 4, 5 stehen somit über den metallischen Überzug in leitendem Kontakt miteinander.In FIG. 1 a surface heating element 1 is shown, are in the heating element 2 in the form of plastic filaments, which are made of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisaxazole) and having a metallic coating, forfeited and form a heating surface or heating mat 3. At the two opposite edge regions of the heating mat 3 there are contact conductors 4, 5 which serve to supply and discharge current. These contact conductors 4, 5 are formed of fiber bundles, each fiber bundle composed of a plurality of fibers, each fiber of a plurality of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) filaments, also with a metallic coating. Both the heating conductors 2 and the contact conductors 4, 5 are thus in conductive contact with each other via the metallic coating.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Flächenelement 6 mit in gitterförmiger Struktur auf einem Trägerstoff 7 angeordneten Fasern oder Faserbündeln 8, die über deren metallischen Überzug in elektrischem Kontakt miteinamder stehen. Dieses Flächenelement kann beispielsweise als abschirmendes Teil eingesetzt werden. FIG. 2 shows a surface element 6 with arranged in a lattice-like structure on a substrate 7 fibers or fiber bundles 8, which stand over the metallic coating in electrical contact miteinamder. This surface element can be used for example as a shielding part.

Figur 3 zeigt ein mattenformiges Heizelement 9 mit einem mäanderförmig verlaufenden Heizleiter 10, der durch einen Isolationsüberzug isoliert ist. FIG. 3 shows a mattenformiges heating element 9 with a meandering heating conductor 10, which is isolated by an insulation coating.

In Figur 4 ist eine einzelne Faser 11 dargestellt, die einen Kern aus mehreren Kuststofffilamenten 12, die aus Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazol) gebildet sind, aufweist. Die Kunststofffilamente 12 sind jeweils mit einem Metallüberzug versehen. Der Kern bzw. das Filament-Bündel 12 ist mit einem elektrisch nicht leitfähigen Überzug 13 versehen.In FIG. 4 there is shown a single fiber 11 having a core of a plurality of plastic filaments 12 formed of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole). The plastic filaments 12 are each provided with a metal coating. The core or the filament bundle 12 is provided with an electrically non-conductive coating 13.

Figur 5 zeigt ein Faserbündel 14, das aus mehreren einzelnen Fasern 15 zusammengesetzt ist, die durch eine Ummantelung 16 aus einem elektrisch nicht leitfähigen Material, beispielsweise einer Lackschicht aus Polyurethan, umgeben sind. Bei den einzelnen Fasern 15 kann es sich µm solche Fasern handeln, die in Figur 4 dargestellt sind, also demnach solche, die mit einer Isolationsschicht 13 versehen sind; es ist aber auch möglich, die einzelnen Fasern ohne einen Überzug einzusetzen. FIG. 5 shows a fiber bundle 14, which is composed of a plurality of individual fibers 15, which are surrounded by a sheath 16 of an electrically non-conductive material, such as a lacquer layer of polyurethane. In the individual fibers 15 may be such fibers, which in FIG. 4 are shown, therefore, therefore, those which are provided with an insulating layer 13; but it is also possible to use the individual fibers without a coating.

Claims (11)

  1. A textile seat area in a knitted, woven or nonwoven form with fibers (11) or fiber bundles (8; 14) which are integrated therein or applied thereon and which comprise a plurality of synthetic filaments (12) which on their surface carry a conductive coating, the fibers (11) or fiber bundles (8; 14) being designed as a heating conductor (21) and/or feed line (4, 5), characterized in that the synthetic filaments (12) are made from poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) with a coating (13) of a conductive layer.
  2. The textile seat area according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said fibers (11) or fiber bundles (8; 14) extend in parallel with one another in non-contacting fashion.
  3. The textile seat area according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibers (11) or fiber bundles (8; 14) are stitched on.
  4. The textile seat area according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibers (11) or fiber bundles (8; 14) are knitted in in stitches.
  5. The textile seat area according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fibers (11) or fiber bundles (8; 14) serve as electrical feed lines (4, 5) for electrical consumers integrated in the seat area.
  6. The textile seat area according to claim 5, characterized in that the supply of electrical consumers and also an electrical data transmission to the consumers takes place via the fibers (11) or the fiber bundles (8; 14).
  7. The textile seat area according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the individual fibers (11) or the fiber bundles (8; 14) carry an electrical insulation layer (16).
  8. The textile seat area according to claim 7, characterized in that the insulation layer (16) is formed by a coating layer.
  9. The textile seat area according to claim 8, characterized in that the coating layer is made from polyurethane.
  10. The textile seat area according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that pressure sensors for seat-occupation or touch detection which are integrated into the seat area are interconnected via the fibers (11) or fiber bundles (8; 14) and connect these to a main connection.
  11. The textile seat area according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that fan motors for ventilation that are mounted on the seat are interconnected via the fibers (11) or the fiber bundles (8; 14) and connect these to a main connection.
EP08715826.7A 2007-03-12 2008-02-18 Fabric in the form of a knitted, woven, or a nonwoven type of article of clothing or for a seat cover or for a textile surface or for an element made of a textile Active EP2129819B1 (en)

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DE102007012237A DE102007012237A1 (en) 2007-03-12 2007-03-12 Fabric in the form of a knitted, woven or fleece-like clothing part or for a seat or for a textile surface or for a textile element
PCT/EP2008/001228 WO2008110250A1 (en) 2007-03-12 2008-02-18 Fabric in the form of a knitted, woven, or a nonwoven type of article of clothing or for a seat cover or for a textile surface or for an element made of a textile

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DE102015114778A1 (en) * 2015-09-03 2017-03-09 Müller Textil GmbH Spacer knitted fabric, spacer knit section and heatable cladding element
US20170071032A1 (en) * 2015-09-03 2017-03-09 Mueller Textil Gmbh Spacer fabric, spacer fabric section and heatable covering element
US10824282B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2020-11-03 Drexel University Fabric touch sensor
TW201740828A (en) * 2016-05-30 2017-12-01 Kings Metal Fiber Technologies Co Ltd Conducting wire sewing method achieving effects of one-time manufacturing and hiding conductive wire for smart clothes
US20190352808A1 (en) * 2018-05-17 2019-11-21 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Electronically functional yarn and textile

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US3472289A (en) 1966-11-10 1969-10-14 Brunswick Corp Heater fabric
US5968854A (en) * 1997-10-03 1999-10-19 Electromagnetic Protection, Inc. EMI shielding fabric and fabric articles made therefrom
US6228922B1 (en) * 1998-01-19 2001-05-08 The University Of Dayton Method of making conductive metal-containing polymer fibers and sheets
KR20030045145A (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-06-09 밀리켄 앤드 캄파니 Thermal textile
DE10206336B4 (en) 2002-02-14 2004-10-07 Bauerhin, I.G. Electric heating element for seat heaters and steering wheel heaters
FR2838455B1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2004-07-09 Ferlam Technologies POLY (P-PHENYLENE BENZOBISOXAZOLE) YARN FOR PRODUCING ARTICLES RESISTANT TO HIGH TEMPERATURES
DE102004011514B4 (en) 2004-03-08 2010-09-30 W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag Electric heating element

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