EP2124517B1 - Electric storage system with double layer condensators - Google Patents

Electric storage system with double layer condensators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2124517B1
EP2124517B1 EP09004638.4A EP09004638A EP2124517B1 EP 2124517 B1 EP2124517 B1 EP 2124517B1 EP 09004638 A EP09004638 A EP 09004638A EP 2124517 B1 EP2124517 B1 EP 2124517B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage system
module
modules
voltage
temperature
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EP09004638.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2124517A2 (en
EP2124517A3 (en
Inventor
Stefan Kerschl
Elmar Kirchensteiner
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
    • H05K7/20945—Thermal management, e.g. inverter temperature control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/246—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/248—Age of storage means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical storage system with double layer capacitors.
  • This storage system can be used in particular in motor vehicles, but it can also be used in other areas.
  • double-layer capacitors which are also referred to as electrochemical double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors, have a very high energy density for capacitors. Their high capacity is based on the dissociation of ions in a liquid electrolyte, which form a dielectric of a few atomic layers and have a large electrode surface.
  • These double-layer capacitor stores have recently become established as high-performance stores for the mobile sector, for example for the use of braking energy. As a rule, these memories consist of a large number of individual capacitor cells.
  • Such double-layer capacitors are also suitable as replacements for rechargeable batteries if high reliability and frequent charging and discharging are required. It is also possible to use such capacitors as an energy source for smaller electric vehicles.
  • the US 2004/150926 A1 discloses an ultracapacitor energy storage cell package having a plurality of parallel ultracapacitors and balancing resistors in series, a housing, a controller, one or more temperature sensors and a voltage sensor.
  • the US 2008/076011 A1 discloses a storage battery device that can determine the state of a temperature detection unit and a cooling unit.
  • the storage battery device which includes a battery module with one or more batteries, a plurality of temperature detection units, and a cooling unit that cools the battery module
  • the temperature detection units measure at least the temperature of the into the storage battery device input cooling medium, the temperature of the cooling medium output from the storage battery device and the temperature of at least one of the batteries and the battery module.
  • the US 2006/241876 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for automatically monitoring and controlling various parameters of individual ultracapacitor cells. These parameters are monitored and a backup charge current is delivered to each cell that has discharged externally or internally.
  • the DE 10 2004 000035 A1 also discloses a diagnostic method for determining the aging condition of a vehicle capacitor for storing electrical energy by at least one discharge process.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of increasing the service life of such electrical storage systems.
  • the present invention is also based on the object of increasing the load capacity of such electrical storage systems and also making the use of such systems more flexible.
  • An electrical storage system has a large number of electrical double-layer capacitors which are electrically connected to one another. Furthermore, a monitoring device is provided for monitoring at least one physical state of the double-layer capacitors. According to the invention, the storage system is segmented into a plurality of modules, each of these modules having a multiplicity of electrically connected double-layer capacitors and the monitoring device having a multiplicity of voltage measuring devices, essentially each module being connected to at least one voltage measuring device which determines a voltage state of this module ,
  • a management system is therefore proposed for monitoring the double-layer capacitors, which takes into account the specific properties of the electrical double-layer capacitors (hereinafter referred to as EDLC).
  • EDLC electrical double-layer capacitors
  • the storage system preferably has a large number of temperature measuring devices, each module being assigned at least one temperature measuring device which determines a temperature which is characteristic of the module.
  • the module temperatures are also recorded, the module temperatures preferably being recorded in the hottest areas (hot spots).
  • the storage system has a multiplicity of cooling devices which can be controlled independently of one another, each module being assigned at least one cooling device for cooling it. This makes it possible to cool the individual modules separately as required. For example, it is also possible for an outside temperature to be recorded in addition to the module temperatures and for the module cooling devices to be controlled on the basis of this temperature value.
  • These cooling devices are preferably active air cooling devices, for example individual fans per module.
  • the memory system has a processor device which determines at least one characteristic value for the memory system or individual modules from a plurality of temperature values output by the temperature measuring devices. For example, it is not only possible to record the module temperature and the outside temperature, but also to determine an average temperature. Individual module temperature deviations from this mean value can also be determined, in particular on the basis of this average temperature, and individual cooling devices can be activated in response to such deviations.
  • the storage system has a control device which controls the cooling devices as a function of the values output by the temperature measuring devices.
  • a control device which controls the cooling devices as a function of the values output by the temperature measuring devices.
  • the memory system has a voltage balancing device.
  • voltage balancing devices are used to compensate for voltage or potential differences in different cells. It is possible for the individual voltages of the modules to be recorded and for voltage balancing to occur in response to voltages that differ from one another. This can be both passive voltage balancing and active voltage balancing (switched by transistors, for example). This voltage balancing device can be activated in response to sensed cell voltages.
  • the storage system has a consumer that can be connected to the entire module.
  • This consumer can be, for example, a load resistor that can be connected with a switching element.
  • This optional switching element which can also be a power semiconductor, is used for the targeted generation of a jump in performance.
  • the respective internal resistance and capacitance can be determined for each module using the voltage drop at the individual modules. These measured values can be used to determine the state of aging.
  • the present invention is further directed to a method for controlling an electrical storage system of the type described above.
  • An operating parameter of the storage system can be understood to mean, for example, the power output of the storage system.
  • the operating parameter of the storage system can also be an overall temperature of the system or a temperature of individual modules. It is thus also proposed in the method according to the invention to influence operating parameters of the storage system, for example to change the temperature of individual modules, as a function of measured voltage values of the individual modules.
  • the temperatures of a plurality of modules are preferably also measured and, taking these temperatures into account, at least one operating parameter of the storage system is controlled.
  • the operating parameter mentioned is thus controlled not only as a function of the voltages but also as a function of the temperatures of the individual modules.
  • a characteristic value is formed which is characteristic of a state of the storage system.
  • This characteristic value can be, for example, a characteristic value that is characteristic of the life expectancy of a specific module or of the entire storage system.
  • At least one operating parameter of the memory system is preferably controlled taking into account the characteristic value.
  • time periods are determined for at least one module in which this module is in a predetermined voltage range and in a predetermined temperature range. More precisely, the respective dwell times are formed in a voltage and temperature cluster per module to determine life expectancy (SOH). In this way, the aging or an expected service life of the module in question can be estimated.
  • SOH life expectancy
  • the time spans of different modules are preferably compared with one another. For example, asymmetries of the respective dwell times in the respective voltage and temperature cluster of the individual modules can be used to estimate the functionality and the premature module failure. For example, three corresponding clusters could be formed for three different modules and the individual values of these clusters compared. If certain values in a single cluster deviate from the target values beyond a tolerance range, this can be interpreted as an indication that the module in question is soon to fail.
  • a state of charge of the storage system is changed in response to a comparison of the time periods. It is possible, for example, that if asymmetries are detected, the state of charge of the EDLC memory system is influenced by the drive system in such a way that from a certain voltage limit active cell symmetries respond or symmetry devices to be activated can be controlled directly, thus reducing voltage differences in a targeted manner.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram representation of a memory system 1 according to the invention.
  • This memory system 1 has a multiplicity of double-layer capacitors 10a, 10b, 10c. These double-layer capacitors 10a, 10b, 10c are connected in a row between a positive pole 11 and a negative pole 13.
  • the individual double-layer capacitors are divided into a plurality of modules 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the reference symbol 30 relates to a voltage detection unit, the voltage applied to the module 2a being measured, for example, with the aid of a voltage measuring device 4a.
  • the voltages on the further modules 2b, 2c ... are also measured via (not shown) voltage measuring devices. In this way, the voltage applied to these modules can be measured separately for the individual modules, in particular also during operation.
  • the respective connecting lines between the modules and the voltage detection device are only shown for module 2a in order to increase the clarity of the illustration.
  • the reference number 5 refers in its entirety to a monitoring device for the storage system, which, in addition to the voltage detection unit 30 already described, also has a temperature detection unit 36, a control unit 32 for cooling, an optimal control 34 for voltage symmetry and an optimal control for a load resistor 16. Temperatures T_M_i of the individual modules are measured with the aid of the temperature detection unit 36, the measurement of a temperature T_M_2a being shown here, which is measured with the aid of a temperature measuring device 6a on the relevant module 2a.
  • the line connections between the monitoring device 5 and the further modules 2b, 2c, ... are not shown for reasons of clarity
  • the reference numerals 12a, 12b, 12c relate to independently controllable cooling devices for cooling the individual modules 2a, 2b, 2c. These individual cooling devices 12a, 12b, 12c are controlled via the cooling control 32, in particular also taking into account measured temperature values T_M_i or voltage values U_M_i.
  • a switching device 18 can be actuated, with which a load resistor 16 can be applied to all modules 2a, 2b, 2c. As mentioned above, a load current can be generated in a targeted manner by connecting this load resistor 16.
  • the reference number 17 relates to an interface or a communication connection to a drive system (e.g. CAN). With this control, the drive can also be controlled depending on the states of the double-layer capacitors.
  • a drive system e.g. CAN
  • Fig. 2 shows a representation to illustrate the above-mentioned cluster formation.
  • clusters of module temperature ranges and module voltages are formed for each individual module.
  • the reference symbol T refers to the dwell times of the module in a specific cluster.
  • the residence time of the module is 33.79 hours.
  • the individual values can be compared with the corresponding values of other modules. If, for example, the value for a module voltage of 38 V and a module temperature of 40 ° C deviates significantly from the value shown here of 33.79 hours for another module, the functionality of the module in question and premature module failure can be concluded from this.
  • these clusters 40 are preferably formed for all modules, so that in this way it is easier to note average values or deviations from these average values for the individual modules.
  • the representation shown could also be followed by another graphic representation, which takes into account all the modules, in order in this way to more easily identify deviations of individual modules.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein elektrisches Speichersystem mit Doppelschichtkondensatoren. Dieses Speichersystem kann insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen angewendet werden, darüber hinaus ist jedoch auch eine Anwendung in anderen Bereichen möglich.The present invention relates to an electrical storage system with double layer capacitors. This storage system can be used in particular in motor vehicles, but it can also be used in other areas.

Sogenannte Doppelschichtkondensatoren, welche auch als elektrochemische Doppelschichtkondensatoren oder Superkondensatoren bezeichnet werden, weisen eine für Kondensatoren sehr hohe Energiedichte auf. Ihre hohe Kapazität basiert auf der Dissoziation von Ionen in einem flüssigen Elektrolyt, die ein Dielektrikum von wenigen Atomlagen bilden und eine große Elektrodenoberfläche aufweisen. Diese Doppelschichtkondesatorspeicher haben sich neuerdings als Hochleistungsspeicher für den mobilen Bereich, beispielsweise zur Nutzung der Bremsenergie, durchgesetzt. In der Regel bestehen diese Speicher aus einer Vielzahl von Einzelkondensatorzellen. Weiterhin eignen sich solche Doppelschichtkondensatoren als Ersatz für Akkumulatoren, wenn eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit und ein häufiges Laden und Entladen gefordert wird. Dabei ist es auch möglich, derartige Kondensatoren als Energiequelle für kleinere Elektrofahrzeuge einzusetzen.So-called double-layer capacitors, which are also referred to as electrochemical double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors, have a very high energy density for capacitors. Their high capacity is based on the dissociation of ions in a liquid electrolyte, which form a dielectric of a few atomic layers and have a large electrode surface. These double-layer capacitor stores have recently become established as high-performance stores for the mobile sector, for example for the use of braking energy. As a rule, these memories consist of a large number of individual capacitor cells. Such double-layer capacitors are also suitable as replacements for rechargeable batteries if high reliability and frequent charging and discharging are required. It is also possible to use such capacitors as an energy source for smaller electric vehicles.

Die Veröffentlichung " Einsatz des Doppelschichtkondensators als Zusatzspeicher im Elektrofahrzeug" von Jörg Lott, Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 21: Elektrotechnik, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf, Deutschland, Band 21, Nummer 307, 7. Dezember 2000 offenbart einen Kurzzeitspeicher mit 105 Doppelschichtkondensatoren, die in Serie verschaltet sind.The publication " Use of the double-layer capacitor as an additional storage device in the electric vehicle "by Jörg Lott, Progress Reports VDI, Series 21: Electrical Engineering, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf, Germany, Volume 21, Number 307, December 7, 2000 discloses a short-term memory with 105 double layer capacitors which are connected in series.

Die US 2004/150926 A1 offenbart eine Ultrakondensator-Energiespeicherzellenpackung mit einer Vielzahl von parallelen Ultrakondensatoren und Ausgleichswiderständen in Reihe, einem Gehäuse, einer Steuerung, einem oder mehreren Temperatursensoren und einem Spannungssensor.The US 2004/150926 A1 discloses an ultracapacitor energy storage cell package having a plurality of parallel ultracapacitors and balancing resistors in series, a housing, a controller, one or more temperature sensors and a voltage sensor.

Die US 2008/076011 A1 offenbart eine Speicherbatterievorrichtung, die den Zustand einer Temperaturerfassungseinheit und einer Kühleinheit bestimmen kann. In der Speicherbatterievorrichtung, die ein Batteriemodul mit einer oder mehreren Batterien, einer Mehrzahl von Temperaturerfassungseinheiten und einer Kühleinheit umfasst, die das Batteriemodul kühlt, messen die Temperaturerfassungseinheiten zumindest die Temperatur des in die Speicherbatterievorrichtung eingegebenen Kühlmediums, die Temperatur des von der Speicherbatterievorrichtung ausgegebenen Kühlmediums und die Temperatur von mindestens einer der Batterien und des Batteriemoduls.The US 2008/076011 A1 discloses a storage battery device that can determine the state of a temperature detection unit and a cooling unit. In the storage battery device, which includes a battery module with one or more batteries, a plurality of temperature detection units, and a cooling unit that cools the battery module, the temperature detection units measure at least the temperature of the into the storage battery device input cooling medium, the temperature of the cooling medium output from the storage battery device and the temperature of at least one of the batteries and the battery module.

Die US 2006/241876 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum automatischen Überwachen und Steuern verschiedener Parameter einzelner Ultrakondensatorzellen . Diese Parameter werden überwacht und ein Ersatzladestrom wird an jede Zelle geliefert, die sich extern oder intern entladen hat.The US 2006/241876 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for automatically monitoring and controlling various parameters of individual ultracapacitor cells. These parameters are monitored and a backup charge current is delivered to each cell that has discharged externally or internally.

Die DE 10 2004 000035 A1 offenbart zudem ein Diagnoseverfahren zur Bestimmung des Alterungszustandes eines Fahrzeugkondensators zur Speicherung elektrischer Energie durch mindestens einen Entladungsvorgang.The DE 10 2004 000035 A1 also discloses a diagnostic method for determining the aging condition of a vehicle capacitor for storing electrical energy by at least one discharge process.

Insbesondere, wenn eine Vielzahl von Zellen in einem Speichersystem verwendet wird, kann es jedoch aufgrund von Fertigungstoleranzen oder anderen statistischen Schwankungen zu Abweichungen einzelner Doppelschichtkondensatoren von einem Sollzustand kommen. Derartige Abweichungen können, falls hierauf keine Gegenreaktion erfolgt, zu einem frühzeitigen Ausfall des vollständigen Speichersystems führen.In particular, if a large number of cells are used in a memory system, individual double-layer capacitors may deviate from a desired state due to manufacturing tolerances or other statistical fluctuations. If there is no backlash, such deviations can lead to an early failure of the complete storage system.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Lebensdauer von derartigen elektrischen Speichersystemen zu erhöhen. Weiterhin liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Belastbarkeit derartiger elektrischer Speichersysteme zu erhöhen und auch den Einsatz derartiger Systeme flexibler zu gestalten.The present invention is therefore based on the object of increasing the service life of such electrical storage systems. The present invention is also based on the object of increasing the load capacity of such electrical storage systems and also making the use of such systems more flexible.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein elektrisches Speichersystem nach Anspruch 1 erreicht. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This is achieved according to the invention by an electrical storage system according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes elektrisches Speichersystem weist eine Vielzahl von elektrischen Doppelschichtkondensatoren auf, die elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind. Weiterhin ist eine Überwachungseinrichtung zum Überwachen wenigstens eines physikalischen Zustands der Doppelschichtkondensatoren vorgesehen. Erfindungsgemäß ist das Speichersystem in mehrere Module segmentiert, wobei jedes dieser Module eine Vielzahl von elektrisch miteinander verbundenen Doppelschichtkondensatoren aufweist und die Überwachungseinrichtung weist eine Vielzahl von Spannungsmesseinrichtungen auf, wobei im Wesentlichen jedes Modul mit wenigstens einer Spannungsmesseinrichtung in Verbindung steht, welche einen Spannungszustand dieses Moduls bestimmt.An electrical storage system according to the invention has a large number of electrical double-layer capacitors which are electrically connected to one another. Furthermore, a monitoring device is provided for monitoring at least one physical state of the double-layer capacitors. According to the invention, the storage system is segmented into a plurality of modules, each of these modules having a multiplicity of electrically connected double-layer capacitors and the monitoring device having a multiplicity of voltage measuring devices, essentially each module being connected to at least one voltage measuring device which determines a voltage state of this module ,

Zur Überwachung der Doppelschichtkondensatoren wird daher ein Managementsystem vorgeschlagen, welches die spezifischen Eigenschaften der elektrischen Doppelschichtkondensatoren (in Folgenden in EDLC) berücksichtigt. Dieses Managementsystem erlaubt die Überwachung und Konditionierung eines vielzelligen EDLC-Speichersystems.A management system is therefore proposed for monitoring the double-layer capacitors, which takes into account the specific properties of the electrical double-layer capacitors (hereinafter referred to as EDLC). This management system allows the monitoring and conditioning of a multicellular EDLC storage system.

Durch die Unterteilung einer Vielzahl von Doppelschichtkondensatoren in mehrere Module wird daher ermöglicht, dass Messungen nicht an jedem einzelnen Doppelschichtkondensator vorgenommen werden müssen, sondern jeweils an dem gesamten Modul. Durch diese Segmentierung des Gesamtspeichers in die Teileinheiten bzw. Module kann insgesamt eine Reduzierung der nötigen Messstellen erfolgen. Bevorzugt wird dabei eine potenzialgetrennte Spannungserfassung beschrieben.The subdivision of a large number of double-layer capacitors into several modules therefore enables measurements not to be carried out on each individual double-layer capacitor, but rather on the entire module. This segmentation of the total memory into the subunits or modules enables the necessary measuring points to be reduced overall. In this case, a potential-isolated voltage detection is preferably described.

Bevorzugt weist das Speichersystem eine Vielzahl von Temperaturmesseinrichtungen auf, wobei jedem Modul wenigstens eine Temperaturmesseinrichtung zugeordnet ist, welche eine für das Modul charakteristische Temperatur bestimmt.The storage system preferably has a large number of temperature measuring devices, each module being assigned at least one temperature measuring device which determines a temperature which is characteristic of the module.

Bei dieser bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden daher neben den Spannungen auch die Modultemperaturen erfasst, wobei vorzugsweise die Modultemperaturen in den jeweils heißesten Bereichen (Hot Spots) erfasst werden.In this preferred embodiment, therefore, in addition to the voltages, the module temperatures are also recorded, the module temperatures preferably being recorded in the hottest areas (hot spots).

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist das Speichersystem eine Vielzahl von unabhängig voneinander steuerbaren Kühleinrichtungen auf, wobei jedem Modul wenigstens eine Kühleinrichtung zu deren Kühlung zugeordnet ist. Damit ist es möglich, die einzelnen Module separat bedarfsgerecht zu kühlen. So ist es beispielsweise auch möglich, dass neben den Modultemperaturen auch eine Außentemperatur erfasst wird und auch auf Grundlage dieses Temperaturwertes die Modulkühleinrichtungen angesteuert werden. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei diesen Kühleinrichtungen um aktive Luftkühlungen wie beispielsweise einzelne Ventilatoren je Modul.In a further advantageous embodiment, the storage system has a multiplicity of cooling devices which can be controlled independently of one another, each module being assigned at least one cooling device for cooling it. This makes it possible to cool the individual modules separately as required. For example, it is also possible for an outside temperature to be recorded in addition to the module temperatures and for the module cooling devices to be controlled on the basis of this temperature value. These cooling devices are preferably active air cooling devices, for example individual fans per module.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist das Speichersystem eine Prozessoreinrichtung auf, welche aus einer Vielzahl von den Temperaturmesseinrichtungen ausgegebenen Temperaturwerten wenigstens einen Kennwert für das Speichersystem oder einzelne Module ermittelt. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, nicht nur die Modultemperatur und die Außentemperatur zu erfassen, sondern auch einen Temperaturmittelwert zu bestimmen. Auch können insbesondere auf Basis dieses Temperaturmittelwertes individuelle Modultemperaturabweichungen von diesem Mittelwert bestimmt werden und gegebenenfalls in Reaktion auf derartige Abweichungen einzelne Kühleinrichtungen aktiviert werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, the memory system has a processor device which determines at least one characteristic value for the memory system or individual modules from a plurality of temperature values output by the temperature measuring devices. For example, it is not only possible to record the module temperature and the outside temperature, but also to determine an average temperature. Individual module temperature deviations from this mean value can also be determined, in particular on the basis of this average temperature, and individual cooling devices can be activated in response to such deviations.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist das Speichersystem eine Steuereinrichtung auf, welche die Kühleinrichtungen in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturmesseinrichtungen ausgegebenen Werten steuert. So können, wie oben erwähnt einzelne Module bei Bedarf separat gekühlt werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, the storage system has a control device which controls the cooling devices as a function of the values output by the temperature measuring devices. As mentioned above, individual modules can be cooled separately if required.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist das Speichersystem eine Spannungssymmetrierungseinrichtung auf. Derartige Spannungssymmetrierungseinrichtungen werden eingesetzt, um Spannungs- bzw. Potentialdifferenzen in unterschiedlichen Zelen auszugleichen. Dabei ist es möglich, dass die einzelnen Spannungen der Module erfasst werden und in Reaktion auf voneinander abweichende Spannungen eine Spannungssymmetrierung erfolgt. Dabei kann es sich sowohl um eine passive Spannungssymmetrierung handeln als auch um eine aktive (beispielsweise durch Transistoren geschaltete) Spannungssymmetrierung. Diese Spannungssymmetrierungseinrichtung kann in Reaktion auf erfasste Zellspannungen aktiviert werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, the memory system has a voltage balancing device. Such voltage balancing devices are used to compensate for voltage or potential differences in different cells. It is possible for the individual voltages of the modules to be recorded and for voltage balancing to occur in response to voltages that differ from one another. This can be both passive voltage balancing and active voltage balancing (switched by transistors, for example). This voltage balancing device can be activated in response to sensed cell voltages.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsformweist das Speichersystem einen an die gesamten Module zuschaltbaren Verbraucher auf. Bei diesem Verbraucher kann es sich beispielsweise um einen mit einem Schaltelement zuschaltbaren Lastwiderstand handeln. Dieses optionale Schaltelement, bei dem es sich auch um einen Leistungshalbleiter handeln kann, dient zur gezielten Erzeugung eines Leistungssprungs. Über den dadurch verursachten Spannungsabfall in den einzelnen Modulen kann für jedes Modul der jeweilige Innenwiderstand und die Kapazität ermittelt werden. Diese Werte können wiederum herangezogen werden, um eine Lebenserwartung (state of health = SOH) des jeweiligen Moduls zu ermitteln. Auf diese Weise wird insbesondere ein gezielter Lastsprung erzeugt. Über den dadurch verursachten Spannungsabfall an den einzelnen Modulen kann für jedes Modul der jeweilige Innenwiderstand und die Kapazität ermittelt werden. Diese Messwerte können für die Bestimmung des Alterungszustandes herangezogen werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, the storage system has a consumer that can be connected to the entire module. This consumer can be, for example, a load resistor that can be connected with a switching element. This optional switching element, which can also be a power semiconductor, is used for the targeted generation of a jump in performance. The respective internal resistance and the capacitance can be determined for each module via the voltage drop in the individual modules caused thereby. These values can in turn be used to determine the life expectancy (state of health = SOH) of the respective module. In this way, a targeted load jump is generated in particular. The respective internal resistance and capacitance can be determined for each module using the voltage drop at the individual modules. These measured values can be used to determine the state of aging.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist weiterhin auf ein Verfahren zum Steuern eines elektrischen Speichersystems der oben beschriebenen Art gerichtet. Dabei werden mehrere an unterschiedlichen Modulen dieses Speichersystems anliegende Spannungen gemessen und unter Berücksichtigung dieser Spannungen wird wenigstens ein Betriebsparameter des Speichersystems gesteuert. Unter einem Betriebsparameter des Speichersystems kann dabei beispielsweise die Leistungsabgabe des Speichersystems verstanden werden. Daneben kann es sich jedoch bei dem Betriebsparameter des Speichersystems auch um eine Gesamttemperatur des Systems oder um eine Temperatur einzelner Module handeln. Damit wird auch bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorgeschlagen, in Abhängigkeit von gemessenen Spannungswerten der einzelnen Module Betriebsparameter des Speichersystems zu beeinflussen, beispielsweise die Temperatur einzelner Module zu verändern.The present invention is further directed to a method for controlling an electrical storage system of the type described above. There are several at different Voltages applied to modules of this storage system are measured and taking these voltages into account, at least one operating parameter of the storage system is controlled. An operating parameter of the storage system can be understood to mean, for example, the power output of the storage system. In addition, however, the operating parameter of the storage system can also be an overall temperature of the system or a temperature of individual modules. It is thus also proposed in the method according to the invention to influence operating parameters of the storage system, for example to change the temperature of individual modules, as a function of measured voltage values of the individual modules.

Vorzugsweise werden auch die Temperaturen mehrerer Module gemessen und unter Berücksichtigung dieser Temperaturen wenigstens ein Betriebsparameter des Speichersystems gesteuert. Damit wird der erwähnte Betriebsparameter nicht nur in Abhängigkeit von den Spannungen sondern auch in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturen der einzelnen Module gesteuert.The temperatures of a plurality of modules are preferably also measured and, taking these temperatures into account, at least one operating parameter of the storage system is controlled. The operating parameter mentioned is thus controlled not only as a function of the voltages but also as a function of the temperatures of the individual modules.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird unter Berücksichtigung sowohl mindestens einer Spannung als auch mindestens einer gemessenen Temperatur ein Kennwert gebildet, der für einen Zustand des Speichersystems charakteristisch ist. Bei diesem Kennwert kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Kennwert handeln, der für eine Lebenserwartung eines bestimmten Moduls oder auch des gesamten Speichersystems charakteristisch ist.In a further advantageous embodiment, taking into account both at least one voltage and at least one measured temperature, a characteristic value is formed which is characteristic of a state of the storage system. This characteristic value can be, for example, a characteristic value that is characteristic of the life expectancy of a specific module or of the entire storage system.

Bevorzugt wird wenigstens ein Betriebsparameter des Speichersystems unter Berücksichtigung des Kennwerts gesteuert. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass nach der Bildung oder Bestimmung der oben erwähnten Zustandsgröße bzw. des Kennwerts aus Temperaturzustand und Modulsymmetrie das Antriebssystem dynamisch an die Funktionsfähigkeit (SOF = State of Function) des EDLC Speichersystems angepasst wird.At least one operating parameter of the memory system is preferably controlled taking into account the characteristic value. For example, it is possible for the drive system to be dynamically adapted to the functionality (SOF = State of Function) of the EDLC memory system after the formation or determination of the above-mentioned state variable or the characteristic value from the temperature state and module symmetry.

Erfindungsgemäß werden für wenigstens ein Modul Zeitspannen ermittelt, in denen sich dieses Modul in einem vorgegebenen Spannungsbereich und in einem vorgegebenen Temperaturbereich befindet. Genauer gesagt werden zur Bestimmung der Lebenserwartung (SOH) in einen Spannungs- und Temperaturcluster pro Modul die jeweiligen Verweilzeiten gebildet. Auf diese Weise kann die Alterung bzw. eine zu erwartende Lebensdauer des betreffenden Moduls abgeschätzt werden.According to the invention, time periods are determined for at least one module in which this module is in a predetermined voltage range and in a predetermined temperature range. More precisely, the respective dwell times are formed in a voltage and temperature cluster per module to determine life expectancy (SOH). In this way, the aging or an expected service life of the module in question can be estimated.

Vorzugsweise werden die Zeitspannen unterschiedlicher Module miteinander verglichen. So können beispielsweise Unsymmetrien der jeweiligen Verweilzeiten im jeweiligen Spannungs- und Temperaturcluster der Einzelmodule zur Abschätzung der Funktionsfähigkeit und des vorzeitigen Modulausfalls herangezogen werden. Beispielsweise könnten für drei verschiedene Module drei entsprechende Cluster gebildet werden und die einzelnen Werte dieser Cluster miteinander verglichen werden. Falls in einem einzelnen Cluster bestimmte Werte über einen Toleranzbereich hinaus von Sollwerten abweichen, kann dies als Indiz für einen baldigen Ausfall des betreffenden Moduls gewertet werden.The time spans of different modules are preferably compared with one another. For example, asymmetries of the respective dwell times in the respective voltage and temperature cluster of the individual modules can be used to estimate the functionality and the premature module failure. For example, three corresponding clusters could be formed for three different modules and the individual values of these clusters compared. If certain values in a single cluster deviate from the target values beyond a tolerance range, this can be interpreted as an indication that the module in question is soon to fail.

Bei einem weiteren vorteilhaften Verfahren wird in Reaktion auf einen Vergleich der Zeitspannen ein Ladezustand des Speichersystems verändert. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass, falls Unsymmetrien erkannt werden, über das Antriebssystem der Ladezustand des EDLC Speichersystems so beeinflusst wird, dass ab einem bestimmten Spannungsgrenzwert aktive Zellsymmetrierungen ansprechen bzw. aktiv zu schaltende Symmetrieeinrichtungen direkt angesteuert werden und somit Spannungsunterschiede gezielt abgebaut werden.In a further advantageous method, a state of charge of the storage system is changed in response to a comparison of the time periods. It is possible, for example, that if asymmetries are detected, the state of charge of the EDLC memory system is influenced by the drive system in such a way that from a certain voltage limit active cell symmetries respond or symmetry devices to be activated can be controlled directly, thus reducing voltage differences in a targeted manner.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den beigefügten Zeichnungen:
Darin zeigen:

Fig. 1
Eine blockdiagrammartige Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Speichersystems;
Fig. 2
Einen Spannungs- Temperaturcluster für ein Modul.
Further advantageous embodiments result from the attached drawings:
In it show:
Fig. 1
A block diagram representation of a storage system according to the invention;
Fig. 2
A voltage-temperature cluster for a module.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine blockdiagrammartige Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Speichersystems 1. Dieses Speichersystem 1 weist eine Vielzahl von Doppelschichtkondensatoren 10a, 10b, 10c auf. Dabei sind diese Doppelschichtkondensatoren 10a, 10b, 10c in einer Reihe geschaltet zwischen einem Pluspol 11 und einem Minuspol 13. Die einzelnen Doppelschichtkondensatoren sind dabei auf eine Vielzahl von Modulen 2a, 2b, 2c aufgeteilt. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram representation of a memory system 1 according to the invention. This memory system 1 has a multiplicity of double-layer capacitors 10a, 10b, 10c. These double-layer capacitors 10a, 10b, 10c are connected in a row between a positive pole 11 and a negative pole 13. The individual double-layer capacitors are divided into a plurality of modules 2a, 2b, 2c.

Das Bezugszeichen 30 bezieht sich auf eine Spannungserfassungseinheit, wobei mit Hilfe einer Spannungsmesseinrichtung 4a beispielsweise die an dem Modul 2a anliegende Spannung gemessen wird. Entsprechend werden auch über (nicht gezeigt) Spannungsmesseinrichtungen die Spannungen an den weiteren Modulen 2b, 2c... gemessen. Damit kann getrennt für die einzelnen Module jeweils die an diesem Modulen anliegende Spannung insbesondere auch im Betrieb gemessen werden. Die jeweiligen Verbindungsleitungen zwischen den Modulen und der Spannungserfassungseinrichtung sind jeweils nur für das Modul 2a dargestellt, um auf diese Weise die Übersichtlichkeit der Darstellung zu erhöhen.The reference symbol 30 relates to a voltage detection unit, the voltage applied to the module 2a being measured, for example, with the aid of a voltage measuring device 4a. Correspondingly, the voltages on the further modules 2b, 2c ... are also measured via (not shown) voltage measuring devices. In this way, the voltage applied to these modules can be measured separately for the individual modules, in particular also during operation. The respective connecting lines between the modules and the voltage detection device are only shown for module 2a in order to increase the clarity of the illustration.

Das Bezugszeichen 5 bezieht sich auf in seiner Gesamtheit auf eine Überwachungseinrichtung für das Speichersystem, welche neben der bereits beschriebenen Spannungserfassungseinheit 30 auch eine Temperaturerfassungseinheit 36, eine Ansteuerungseinheit 32 für Kühlungen, eine optimale Ansteuerung 34 für Spannungssymmetrierung und eine optimale Ansteuerung für einen Lastwiderstand 16 aufweist. Mit Hilfe der Temperaturerfassungseinheit 36 werden jeweils Temperaturen T_M_i der einzelnen Module gemessen, wobei hier die Messung einer Temperatur T_M_2a dargestellt ist, welche mit Hilfe einer Temperaturmesseinrichtung 6a an dem betreffenden Modul 2a gemessen wird. Die Leitungsverbindungen zwischen der Überwachungseinrichtung 5 und den weiteren Modulen 2b, 2c,... sind aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestelltThe reference number 5 refers in its entirety to a monitoring device for the storage system, which, in addition to the voltage detection unit 30 already described, also has a temperature detection unit 36, a control unit 32 for cooling, an optimal control 34 for voltage symmetry and an optimal control for a load resistor 16. Temperatures T_M_i of the individual modules are measured with the aid of the temperature detection unit 36, the measurement of a temperature T_M_2a being shown here, which is measured with the aid of a temperature measuring device 6a on the relevant module 2a. The line connections between the monitoring device 5 and the further modules 2b, 2c, ... are not shown for reasons of clarity

Die Bezugszeichen 12a, 12b, 12c beziehen sich auf unabhängig voneinander steuerbare Kühleinrichtungen zum Kühlen der einzelnen Module 2a, 2b, 2c. Über die Kühlungsansteuerung 32 werden diese einzelnen Kühleinrichtungen 12a, 12b, 12c gesteuert und zwar insbesondere auch unter Berücksichtigung von gemessenen Temperaturwerten T_M_i bzw. Spannungswerten U_M_i.The reference numerals 12a, 12b, 12c relate to independently controllable cooling devices for cooling the individual modules 2a, 2b, 2c. These individual cooling devices 12a, 12b, 12c are controlled via the cooling control 32, in particular also taking into account measured temperature values T_M_i or voltage values U_M_i.

Über die Steuerung 38 kann eine Schalteinrichtung 18 betätigt werden, mit der ein Lastwiderstand 16 an sämtliche Module 2a, 2b, 2c angelegt werden kann. Wie oben erwähnt, kann durch Zuschalten dieses Lastwiderstands 16 gezielt ein Laststrom erzeugt werden.Via the controller 38, a switching device 18 can be actuated, with which a load resistor 16 can be applied to all modules 2a, 2b, 2c. As mentioned above, a load current can be generated in a targeted manner by connecting this load resistor 16.

Das Bezugszeichen 17 bezieht sich auf eine Schnittstelle bzw. eine Kommunikationsverbindung zu einem Antriebssystem (z.B. CAN). Durch diese Ansteuerung kann gezielt in Abhängigkeit von Zuständen der Doppelschichtkondensatoren auch der Antrieb angesteuert werden.The reference number 17 relates to an interface or a communication connection to a drive system (e.g. CAN). With this control, the drive can also be controlled depending on the states of the double-layer capacitors.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Darstellung zur Veranschaulichung der oben erwähnten Clusterbildung. Im einzelnen werden hier Cluster aus Modultemperaturbereichen und Modulspannungen für jedes einzelne Modul gebildet. Dabei bezieht sich das Bezugszeichen T auf Verweilzeiten des Moduls in einem bestimmten Cluster. So beträgt beispielsweise bei einer Modulspannung von 38 V und einer Modultemperatur von 40°C hier die Verweilzeit des Moduls 33,79 Stunden. Zur Auswertung können die einzelnen Werte mit den entsprechenden Werten weiterer Module verglichen werden. Falls beispielsweise bei einem anderen Modul der Wert für eine Modulspannung von 38 V und eine Modultemperatur von 40°C deutlich von dem hier angezeigten Wert von 33,79 Stunden abweicht, so kann hieraus auf die Funktionsfähigkeit des betreffenden Moduls und einem vorzeitigen Modulausfall geschlossen werden. Fig. 2 shows a representation to illustrate the above-mentioned cluster formation. In particular, clusters of module temperature ranges and module voltages are formed for each individual module. The reference symbol T refers to the dwell times of the module in a specific cluster. For example, with a module voltage of 38 V and a module temperature of 40 ° C, the residence time of the module here is 33.79 hours. For evaluation, the individual values can be compared with the corresponding values of other modules. If, for example, the value for a module voltage of 38 V and a module temperature of 40 ° C deviates significantly from the value shown here of 33.79 hours for another module, the functionality of the module in question and premature module failure can be concluded from this.

Bevorzugt werden jedoch, wie oben erwähnt, diese Cluster 40 für sämtliche Module gebildet, so dass auf diese Weise leichter Durchschnittswerte bzw. Abweichungen von diesen Durchschnittswerten für die einzelnen Module notiert werden können. Anstelle der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Darstellung könnte jedoch auch eine andere graphische Darstellung folgen, welche sämtliche Module berücksichtigt, um auf diese Weise leichter Abweichungen einzelner Module zu erkennen.However, as mentioned above, these clusters 40 are preferably formed for all modules, so that in this way it is easier to note average values or deviations from these average values for the individual modules. Instead of the in Fig. 2 However, the representation shown could also be followed by another graphic representation, which takes into account all the modules, in order in this way to more easily identify deviations of individual modules.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Speichersystemstorage system
2a,b,c2a, b, c
Vielzahl von ModulenVariety of modules
4a4a
SpannungsmesseinrichtungVoltage measuring device
55
Überwachungseinrichtungmonitoring device
6a6a
TemperaturmesseinrichtungTemperature measuring device
12a,b,c12a, b, c
steuerbare Kühleinrichtungcontrollable cooling device
1616
Lastwiderstandload resistance
1717
Schnittstelleinterface
1818
Schalteinrichtungswitching device
3030
Spannungseinheitvoltage unit
3232
KühlungsansteuerungseinheitCooling control unit
3434
Ansteuerungcontrol
3636
TemperaturerfassungseinheitTemperature sensing unit
3838
Steuerungcontrol
4040
Clustercluster
TT
Verweilzeitdwell

Claims (14)

  1. An electrical storage system (1) having a plurality of electrical double layer capacitors (10a, 10b, 10c), which are electrically connected to one another and to a monitoring device (5) for monitoring at least one physical state of the double layer capacitors (10a, 10b, 10c),
    wherein
    the storage system (1) is segmented into a plurality of modules (2a, 2b, 2c), wherein each of said modules (2a, 2b, 2c) has a plurality of double layer capacitors (10a, 10b, 10c) that are electrically connected to one another and the monitoring device (4) has a plurality of voltage measurement devices (4a), wherein each module (2a, 2b, 2c) is connected to at least one voltage measurement device (4a), which determines a voltage state of said module (2a, 2b, 2c),
    characterized in that the electrical storage system (1) is designed:
    to identify time periods (T1, T2, ... Tn) for at least one module (2a, 2b, 2c), in which time periods said module is situated in a prescribed voltage range and in a prescribed temperature range, and to identify a remaining lifetime of the corresponding module based on the time periods (T1, T2, ... Tn) .
  2. The electrical storage system (1) according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the storage system (1) has a plurality of temperature measurement devices (6a, 6b, 6c), wherein at least one temperature measurement device (6a, 6b, 6c) is assigned to each module, said temperature measurement device measuring a temperature that is characteristic of the module (2a, 2b, 2c).
  3. The electrical storage system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the storage system (1) has a plurality of cooling devices (12a, 12b, 12c) that are able to be controlled independently of one another, wherein at least one cooling device (12a, 12b, 12c) is assigned to each module (2a, 2b, 2c) for the cooling thereof.
  4. The electrical storage system (1) according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the storage system (1) has a processor device (36), which identifies at least one characteristic value for the storage system (1) or individual modules (2a, 2b, 2c) from a plurality of temperature values output by the temperature measurement devices (6a, 6b, 6c).
  5. The electrical storage system (1) according to at least one of the preceding Claims 3-4,
    characterized in that a control device (30) is provided, which controls the cooling devices (12a, 12b, 12c) depending on values output by the temperature measurement devices (6a, 6b, 6c).
  6. The electrical storage system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the storage system (1) has a voltage balancing device (35) .
  7. The electrical storage system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the storage system (1) has a consumer (16) that is able to be connected to the entirety of the modules (2a, 2b, 2c) .
  8. The electrical storage system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the electrical storage system (1) is designed:
    to generate a jump in power in a targeted manner by means of a connectable consumer and to identify the respective internal resistance and the capacitance for each module by means of the voltage drop in the individual modules caused thereby, wherein the respective internal resistance and the capacitance are used to identify a life expectancy of the respective module.
  9. A method for controlling an electrical storage system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a plurality of voltages (U_M_2a, U_M_2b, U_M_2c) applied to different modules (2a, 2b, 2c) are measured and at least one operating parameter of the storage system (1) is controlled taking into account said voltages (U_M_2a, U_M_2b, U_M_2c).
  10. The method according to Claim 9,
    characterized in that
    the temperatures (T_M_2a, T_M_ 2b, T_M_2c) of a plurality of modules are measured and at least one operating parameter of the storage system (1) is controlled taking into account said temperatures (T_M_2a, T_M_2b, T_M_2c).
  11. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a characteristic value (K) is formed taking into account both at least one voltage (U_M_2a, U_M_2b, U_M_2c) and at least one measured temperature (T_M_2a, T_M_2b, T_M_2c), said characteristic value being characteristic of a state of the storage system (1).
  12. The method according to Claim 11,
    characterized in that at least one operating parameter of the storage system (1) is controlled taking into account the characteristic value (K).
  13. The method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that time periods of different modules (2a, 2b, 2c) are compared with one another.
  14. The method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a state of charge of the storage system (1) is changed in response to a comparison of the time periods (T1, T2, ...).
EP09004638.4A 2008-05-23 2009-03-31 Electric storage system with double layer condensators Active EP2124517B1 (en)

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DE102008024912A DE102008024912A1 (en) 2008-05-23 2008-05-23 Electrical storage system with double-layer capacitors

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EP2124517A3 EP2124517A3 (en) 2017-05-03
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DE202010001201U1 (en) * 2010-01-21 2011-06-01 REHAU AG + Co., 95111 Cooling system for the battery of an electric vehicle
BR112017015237B1 (en) 2015-01-16 2022-12-06 Volvo Truck Corporation METHOD AND CONTROL UNIT FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS IN A VEHICLE COMPRISING MULTIPLE TRACTION TENSION SYSTEMS, AND VEHICLE COMPRISING MULTIPLE DRIVE TENSION SYSTEMS
CN111376763B (en) * 2020-03-21 2023-10-31 守恒新能源(重庆)有限公司 Charging pile with equalization function and control method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004000035A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, A Subsidiary of Ford Motor Company, Dearborn Diagnosis method of determining aging state of capacitor involves measuring aging-dependent parameters through different discharge processes, each parameter being associated with value of component of equivalent diagram of capacitor

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US7085112B2 (en) * 2001-10-04 2006-08-01 Ise Corporation High-power ultracapacitor energy storage pack and method of use
US7633284B2 (en) * 2005-03-08 2009-12-15 Tennessee Valley Authority Method and apparatus for managing ultracapacitor energy storage systems for a power transmission system
JP5033385B2 (en) * 2006-09-27 2012-09-26 日立ビークルエナジー株式会社 Power storage device

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004000035A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, A Subsidiary of Ford Motor Company, Dearborn Diagnosis method of determining aging state of capacitor involves measuring aging-dependent parameters through different discharge processes, each parameter being associated with value of component of equivalent diagram of capacitor

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DE102008024912A1 (en) 2009-11-26
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