EP2118388B1 - A building element - Google Patents
A building element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2118388B1 EP2118388B1 EP08712665.2A EP08712665A EP2118388B1 EP 2118388 B1 EP2118388 B1 EP 2118388B1 EP 08712665 A EP08712665 A EP 08712665A EP 2118388 B1 EP2118388 B1 EP 2118388B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- reinforcement
- wall
- roof
- wall unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
- E04B1/4114—Elements with sockets
- E04B1/4142—Elements with sockets with transverse hook- or loop-receiving parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
- E04B7/22—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
- E04G21/142—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/005—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects with anchoring or fastening elements for the shaped articles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a building unit made from super light concrete containing expanded plastic material in a proportion of at least 50 % by volume.
- a concrete has also been called polyconcrete since the plastic material often consists of expanded polystyrene.
- such building units have been used to build entire houses of polyconcrete wherein prefabricated wall units are raised on a foundation, which also preferably consists of cast polyconcrete, and are attached to each other, whereupon the house is provided with a roof of similar building units.
- the wall units may be made so large that they alone can constitute an entire wall surface.
- the wall units are lifted in place by means of straps which are slung under the lower edge of the wall unit and are attached to U-shaped lifting shoes clasping the lower edge of the unit. No reinforcement of the wall unit is necessary, thus permitting openings for windows and doors to be simply cut out of the wall after mounting on the foundation.
- the applicant has developed a special frame for guiding a common chainsaw for accurate cutting of the openings.
- the frame is the subject of Norwegian patent application 20062925 .
- roof units of polyconcrete These must be provided with reinforcement in order to endure snow loads and satisfy regulations regarding maximum permitted deflection.
- tensile reinforcement alone will serve the purpose, but since the polyconcrete has a low compressive strength, usually in the order of magnitude 100 N/cm 2 , one assumed that it would also be necessary to provide compression reinforcement in order to give the tensile reinforcement sufficient reaction.
- the roof units are therefore made with tensile reinforcement only and with sufficient thickness to provide the necessary compression resistance.
- Such a lifting structure would have an insufficient attachment in a wall unit of polyconcrete due to the low strength of the latter.
- the applicant has taken the step of including an otherwise unnecessary reinforcement net in the wall unit and anchoring the lifting devices in the reinforcement net in such a way that the necessary pull-out strength is obtained.
- the applicant has utilised the same idea and attached the lifting devices to the reinforcement for in this way to provide the roof unit with corresponding lifting devices.
- the polyconcrete is shown partly transparent in order to show the location of the reinforcement net and the lifting devices.
- the wall unit 1 in Figure 1 may have a thickness of e.g. 25 cm and has a reinforcement net 2 placed in the middle of the unit.
- the net may have the designation K131 with a rod diameter of 5 mm and a centre distance of 150 mm.
- the wall unit has two lifting devices 3, here consisting of a steel rod bent into a rounded V-shape, where the free ends are bent into a hook 4, which from the lower side of the reinforcement net is hooked up around a longitudinal rod of the reinforcement net.
- the lifting device which e.g. may consist of a 10 mm serrated reinforcement rod, is welded to the reinforcement net 2 before casting the wall unit, not only for holding it in place during the casting, but also in order to transmit the lifting forces to as large a part as possible of the reinforcement net 2.
- the bend 5 of the lifting device 3 will lie flush with the top side of the finished wall unit.
- a suitable screening is placed around the bend 5 before the casting in order to keep the casting mass away.
- Such a screening may be a plastic cup having a slot in the bottom which is pushed a suitable distance down over the bend 5.
- the lifting devices 3 are located at the lower side of the reinforcement net 2 during the casting. This prevents them from being pulled out of the concrete if they are used in de-forming the unit before the form has been brought into a vertical position.
- FIG. 1 shows a centred reinforcement net 2, but it will be understood that if the conditions of use make it desirable, it can be replaced by two reinforcement nets located closer to either side of the wall element.
- the hooks 4 of the lifting devices are to be attached to one net each, and they have to be bent so that the free ends of the hooks point inwards in the wall unit 1.
- the two nets may be of the same type and dimension as the single, centric net mentioned above.
- the hooks 4 of the lifting devices 3 are hooked around the longitudinal rod which is number five counted from the top side of the element.
- the invention aims at locating the hooks at a depth from the top side which is at least twice the thickness of the wall unit, thus ensuring a safe anchoring of the lifting devices 3.
- the roof unit 6 shown in Figure 2 has tensile reinforcement in the form of a net 7, which in most cases will be substantially stronger than the net used in the wall unit 1.
- the reinforcement net 7 is bent upwards along the short sides of the unit in order to improve the anchoring of the longitudinal rods, which carry the highest load, and increase the sheer strength in the supported areas of the unit.
- the thickness of the roof unit 6 may vary depending upon its length. For instance, a unit 6 metres long may have a thickness of 40 cm.
- the roof unit 6 has four lifting devices 8 arranged symmetrically about both the longitudinal and transverse central axes.
- the lifting devices 8 have the form of an elongated U, where the relatively longer part 9 of the legs of the U is bent through a suitably curved transition into a right angle, the relatively shorter part 10 of the U containing its base portion 11.
- the relatively longer part 9 of the legs of the lifting device 8 is placed underneath the longitudinal part of the tensile reinforcement 7 and crosses three of its rods.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a building unit made from super light concrete containing expanded plastic material in a proportion of at least 50 % by volume. Such a concrete has also been called polyconcrete since the plastic material often consists of expanded polystyrene.
- As shown in
EP 1747327 , such building units have been used to build entire houses of polyconcrete wherein prefabricated wall units are raised on a foundation, which also preferably consists of cast polyconcrete, and are attached to each other, whereupon the house is provided with a roof of similar building units. - Due to the very low specific weight of the polyconcrete, the wall units may be made so large that they alone can constitute an entire wall surface. The wall units are lifted in place by means of straps which are slung under the lower edge of the wall unit and are attached to U-shaped lifting shoes clasping the lower edge of the unit. No reinforcement of the wall unit is necessary, thus permitting openings for windows and doors to be simply cut out of the wall after mounting on the foundation. For this purpose, the applicant has developed a special frame for guiding a common chainsaw for accurate cutting of the openings. The frame is the subject of Norwegian patent application
20062925 - The situation is different for roof units of polyconcrete. These must be provided with reinforcement in order to endure snow loads and satisfy regulations regarding maximum permitted deflection. In ordinary concrete, tensile reinforcement alone will serve the purpose, but since the polyconcrete has a low compressive strength, usually in the order of magnitude 100 N/cm2, one assumed that it would also be necessary to provide compression reinforcement in order to give the tensile reinforcement sufficient reaction. However, very surprisingly it was found that the use of tensile reinforcement in addition to the compression reinforcement led to a higher deflection than with the tensile reinforcement alone. The roof units are therefore made with tensile reinforcement only and with sufficient thickness to provide the necessary compression resistance.
- The applicant has found that it would be advantageous to be able to lift the building units without the use of lifting straps. This is so both when the unit is removed from the form and in later handling on the building site. As regards building units of ordinary concrete, it is known to provide wall units with lifting devices in the form of e.g. ears, wire loops or attachment nuts for de-mountable eye hooks. Thus, from
EP 0392610 A2 there is known a wall unit of ordinary concrete having insulation plates cast therein, where the concrete is reinforced and at its upper edge is provided with two nuts formed from channel iron for later attachment of eye bolts, where the channel iron nuts are anchored in the concrete by means of short loops of reinforcement rods or the like. Such a lifting structure would have an insufficient attachment in a wall unit of polyconcrete due to the low strength of the latter. Nor have other previously known attachment devices for wall units of concrete been able to provide sufficient pull-out strength to serve the purpose in a unit of polyconcrete. - Further relevant prior art is described in
EP 1 382 759 A1 ,DE 197 43 412 A1 ,US 2004/098934 A1 ,DE 33 22 517 A1 ,GB 2 428 434 A - In order to solve this problem, the applicant has taken the step of including an otherwise unnecessary reinforcement net in the wall unit and anchoring the lifting devices in the reinforcement net in such a way that the necessary pull-out strength is obtained. For roof units, the applicant has utilised the same idea and attached the lifting devices to the reinforcement for in this way to provide the roof unit with corresponding lifting devices.
- The invention is defined in claim 1, as well as an alternative in claim 3, and advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
- For a better understanding of the invention, it will be described below with reference to the exemplifying embodiments shown schematically in the appended drawings, where
-
Figure 1 shows schematically a perspective view of a wall unit according to the invention, and -
Figure 2 shows in a similar manner a roof unit according to the invention. - In both the exemplifying embodiments the polyconcrete is shown partly transparent in order to show the location of the reinforcement net and the lifting devices.
- The wall unit 1 in
Figure 1 may have a thickness of e.g. 25 cm and has a reinforcement net 2 placed in the middle of the unit. The net may have the designation K131 with a rod diameter of 5 mm and a centre distance of 150 mm. - The wall unit has two lifting devices 3, here consisting of a steel rod bent into a rounded V-shape, where the free ends are bent into a hook 4, which from the lower side of the reinforcement net is hooked up around a longitudinal rod of the reinforcement net. The lifting device, which e.g. may consist of a 10 mm serrated reinforcement rod, is welded to the reinforcement net 2 before casting the wall unit, not only for holding it in place during the casting, but also in order to transmit the lifting forces to as large a part as possible of the reinforcement net 2.
- The bend 5 of the lifting device 3 will lie flush with the top side of the finished wall unit. In order for a suitable part of the bend 5 to be exposed for attachment of lifting hooks or the like, a suitable screening is placed around the bend 5 before the casting in order to keep the casting mass away. Such a screening may be a plastic cup having a slot in the bottom which is pushed a suitable distance down over the bend 5.
- It is important that the lifting devices 3 are located at the lower side of the reinforcement net 2 during the casting. This prevents them from being pulled out of the concrete if they are used in de-forming the unit before the form has been brought into a vertical position.
- The example in
Figure 1 shows a centred reinforcement net 2, but it will be understood that if the conditions of use make it desirable, it can be replaced by two reinforcement nets located closer to either side of the wall element. In this case the hooks 4 of the lifting devices are to be attached to one net each, and they have to be bent so that the free ends of the hooks point inwards in the wall unit 1. The two nets may be of the same type and dimension as the single, centric net mentioned above. - It will be seen that the hooks 4 of the lifting devices 3 are hooked around the longitudinal rod which is number five counted from the top side of the element. Generally, the invention aims at locating the hooks at a depth from the top side which is at least twice the thickness of the wall unit, thus ensuring a safe anchoring of the lifting devices 3.
- The roof unit 6 shown in
Figure 2 has tensile reinforcement in the form of a net 7, which in most cases will be substantially stronger than the net used in the wall unit 1. The reinforcement net 7 is bent upwards along the short sides of the unit in order to improve the anchoring of the longitudinal rods, which carry the highest load, and increase the sheer strength in the supported areas of the unit. The thickness of the roof unit 6 may vary depending upon its length. For instance, a unit 6 metres long may have a thickness of 40 cm. - The roof unit 6 has four
lifting devices 8 arranged symmetrically about both the longitudinal and transverse central axes. Thelifting devices 8 have the form of an elongated U, where the relativelylonger part 9 of the legs of the U is bent through a suitably curved transition into a right angle, the relativelyshorter part 10 of the U containing itsbase portion 11. The relativelylonger part 9 of the legs of thelifting device 8 is placed underneath the longitudinal part of the tensile reinforcement 7 and crosses three of its rods. - Also in this case it will be advantageous to weld the
lifting devices 8 to the reinforcement 7. Furthermore, it will be of advantage that thetransverse reinforcement rods 12 lie above thelongitudinal reinforcement rods 13. - It will be understood that when casting the roof unit 6, care is taken that the
top portion 11 of thelifting devices 8 remains exposed even if its top edge lies at the same level as the top surface of the roof unit 6. Furthermore, it will be understood that the relativelylonger part 9 of the legs of the U do not have to be parallel, but may diverge in a manner similar to that of the lifting devices 3 of the wall unit. - Even though the invention has been described above in relation to two specific exemplifying embodiments, it will be clear to the skilled person that the invention may be varied and modified within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
- A building unit made from a light concrete material containing at least 50 % by volume expanded plastic material, said building unit being a wall unit (1) having substantially the form of a plate,
characterised in that the wall unit (1) is provided with an internal reinforcement net (2) and with two lifting devices (3) arranged at an edge of the wall unit (1), each of the lifting devices (3) having the form of an angled steel rod which is anchored directly to the reinforcement net (2) in the wall unit (1) in at least six points, the ends of the steel rod forming hooks (4) which are bent at least partially around a part of the reinforcement net (2). - A wall unit according to claim 1, wherein the distance from said edge of the wall unit (1) and the hooks (4) is at least twice the thickness of the wall unit (1).
- A building unit made from a light concrete material containing at lease 50 % by volume expanded plastic material, said building unit being a roof unit (6) in the form of a plate and comprising tensile reinforcement in form of a reinforcement net (7) having longitudinal (13) and transverse (12) reinforcement rods,
characterised in that the roof unit (6) comprises four lifting devices (8), each lifting device (8) comprising a steel rod bent approximately to the form of the letter U, the legs of the U having an angled part (9) which extends under at least three of the longitudinal reinforcement rods (13) of the roof unit (6) and being attached thereto. - A building unit according to claim 3, wherein the roof unit (6) has a rectangular form, and wherein the longitudinal reinforcement rods (13) are bent upwards at the short sides of the roof unit (6).
- A building unit according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a transverse reinforcement rod (12) extends between the legs of the U.
- A building unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel rod has a thickness in the order of 10 mm and forms a lifting eye (5, 11) which is recessed in an edge surface of the wall unit (1) or the top surface of the roof unit (6), respectively.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20070758A NO333001B1 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2007-02-08 | building Element |
PCT/NO2008/000049 WO2008097102A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2008-02-08 | A building element |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2118388A1 EP2118388A1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
EP2118388A4 EP2118388A4 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
EP2118388B1 true EP2118388B1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
Family
ID=39681913
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08712665.2A Active EP2118388B1 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2008-02-08 | A building element |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2118388B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2118388T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO333001B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008097102A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE534087C2 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2011-04-26 | Epscement Internat Ab | Method for lifting lightweight concrete elements and a lightweight concrete element. |
DE102012219209A1 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-24 | Areva Gmbh | Wall element for prefabricated buildings |
NO339881B1 (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-02-13 | Polybo As | Cover element and method of making the same |
NO342534B1 (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2018-06-11 | Polybo As | A connecting means of a building structure and a method of using same |
WO2017217863A1 (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-21 | Polybo As | A building structure connecting means and a method of using same |
US11352780B2 (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2022-06-07 | Thermacrete Llc | Autoclave aerated concrete structures with embedded hangers and connectors |
US11499306B2 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2022-11-15 | Thermacrete Llc | Differential settlement anchors |
CN111993569B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-12-10 | 广东博智林机器人有限公司 | Method for automatically erecting lifting hook and forming equipment |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3322517A1 (en) * | 1983-06-23 | 1985-01-24 | Helmut Bühl | Prefabricated ceiling and wall elements |
DE19743412C2 (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2000-06-29 | Josef Behrens | Transport and assembly anchors |
JP2000303599A (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-10-31 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Lightweight cellular concrete panel and installing method therefor |
AUPR331601A0 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2001-03-22 | Onecrete Pty Ltd | A load bearing building panel |
EP1382759A1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-21 | Manufacture Logie, Sarl | Prefabricated construction elements for a building and building with such elements |
FR2865228B1 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2006-03-24 | Soprel | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PRECONTRATED CONCRETE SLABS EQUIPPED WITH LIFTING AND HANDLING BUCKLES AND SLABS OBTAINED FOLLOWING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAID METHOD |
GB2428434A (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-31 | Henley Consultants Ltd | Modular floor units |
-
2007
- 2007-02-08 NO NO20070758A patent/NO333001B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-02-08 WO PCT/NO2008/000049 patent/WO2008097102A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-02-08 EP EP08712665.2A patent/EP2118388B1/en active Active
- 2008-02-08 DK DK08712665.2T patent/DK2118388T3/en active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO333001B1 (en) | 2013-02-11 |
EP2118388A1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
EP2118388A4 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
NO20070758L (en) | 2008-08-11 |
WO2008097102A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
DK2118388T3 (en) | 2020-02-17 |
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