EP2112565B1 - Micromechanical component with opening for attachment on a spindle - Google Patents

Micromechanical component with opening for attachment on a spindle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2112565B1
EP2112565B1 EP08405112A EP08405112A EP2112565B1 EP 2112565 B1 EP2112565 B1 EP 2112565B1 EP 08405112 A EP08405112 A EP 08405112A EP 08405112 A EP08405112 A EP 08405112A EP 2112565 B1 EP2112565 B1 EP 2112565B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
micromechanical part
elastic
opening
micromechanical
assembly
Prior art date
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Application number
EP08405112A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2112565A1 (en
Inventor
Sébastien Bannier
David Passannante
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolex SA
Original Assignee
Rolex SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Rolex SA filed Critical Rolex SA
Priority to EP08405112A priority Critical patent/EP2112565B1/en
Priority to DE602008003097T priority patent/DE602008003097D1/en
Priority to US12/414,150 priority patent/US7926355B2/en
Priority to JP2009100185A priority patent/JP5451162B2/en
Priority to CN200910135115.0A priority patent/CN101566826B/en
Publication of EP2112565A1 publication Critical patent/EP2112565A1/en
Priority to HK10100820.4A priority patent/HK1133931A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2112565B1 publication Critical patent/EP2112565B1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B35/00—Adjusting the gear train, e.g. the backlash of the arbors, depth of meshing of the gears
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G04B13/023—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft allowing rotational slipping when a threshold torque is exceeded
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/04—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for gearwork
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462—Gear making
    • Y10T29/49465—Gear mounting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a micromechanical part such as a wheel, a pinion, a pin, a pin or a hairspring, intended to be fixed on an axis and comprising at least one opening whose edges alternately comprise rigid zones and elastic zones. .
  • Swiss patent no. 338146 disclosed a slip coupling in which a wheel, shown on the figure 1 , had rigid arms 1 whose ends 2 formed a circle whose diameter was equal to that of an axis to be inserted in the center of the wheel. These rigid arms 1 were themselves provided with radial extensions serving as elastic arms 3 directed inwardly. Once the wheel mounted on the axis, the elastic arms 3 caused friction between the wheel and the axis.
  • EP 1 826 634 made available to the public the micromechanical part shown on the figure 2 .
  • This micromechanical part included, alternately, zones of stiffening and positioning 4 as well as zones of elastic deformation consisting of tongues 5 whose ends 6 penetrated into the opening extending beyond the theoretical contour of the axis. , to ensure a clamping function when the axis was set up by driving.
  • the objective was to allow an assembly by driving on an axis or a stud without risk of rupture.
  • a micromechanical part intended to be fixed on an axis and comprising at least one opening whose edges alternately comprise rigid zones and elastic zones intended to come into contact with said axis, the ends of the zones. rigid closest to the center of the opening being connectable by a first circle of center C, greater in diameter than the diameter of a second circle having the same center C and connecting the ends of the elastic zones closest to the center of the opening, this micromechanical part being distinguished in that each rigid zone is formed by a domed portion projecting into the opening.
  • the convex part preferably projects towards the center of the opening.
  • each elastic zone is formed by a curved arm.
  • each elastic zone is formed by at least one curved finger.
  • each elastic zone is formed by at least one substantially straight half-arm.
  • the micromechanical part according to the invention comprises three rigid zones and three elastic zones. Indeed, this two-zone configuration, because of its isostatic nature, guarantees both the same number of contacts and optimal centering.
  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the risks of obtaining a defective assembly when producing an assembly each comprising an axis and a micromechanical component according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method of forming an assembly comprising a micromechanical component according to the invention and an axis.
  • the invention applies in particular to the field of watchmaking. It is especially suitable for the production of gears, pinions, ferrules, darts (for anchors), display discs, etc., which can have very small dimensions (of the order of mm).
  • the minimum holding torque corresponding to the worst case of the minimum driving force is greater than the maximum load torque to prevent slippage.
  • the maximum driving force (corresponding to the maximum holding torque) is less than a limit threshold before damage (microcracks or plastic deformation for example) during assembly.
  • micromechanical part according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • This micromechanical part is flat, thin and includes an opening 10 provided to receive an axis (not shown). On the edges of the opening 10 alternate rigid zones 11 and elastic zones 12.
  • the rigid zones 11 are each formed by a curved portion projecting from the micromechanical part towards the center of the opening 10 symbolized on the figure 3 by a point C.
  • the contour of each rigid zone 11 is that of an arc. All the rigid areas 11 are identical to each other and connecting their ends 13 closest to the point C of the opening 10, we obtain a first circle C1 whose center coincides with the point C.
  • the elastic zones 12 are each formed by an arm bent towards the point C.
  • Each arm has the shape of a piece of ring projecting from the micromechanical part towards the point C and whose side of larger diameter is turned towards point C. This piece of ring separates the opening 10 from a substantially oval recess 14 formed in the micromechanical part.
  • the annular shape of the zones 12 and the recesses 14 give the zones 12 a much greater elasticity than the zones 11. All the elastic zones 12 are identical to each other and connecting their ends 15 closest to the point C of the opening 10, a second circle C2 is obtained whose center merges with this point C.
  • the diameter of the circle C2 is smaller than that of the circle C1.
  • Each rigid zone 11 is separated, on each side, from the elastic zone 12 which is adjacent to it by a spacing 16.
  • the micromechanical part according to this first embodiment comprises three rigid zones alternating with three elastic zones, which gives it a ternary symmetry.
  • micromechanical part according to the second embodiment of the invention. This micromechanical part is also flat and thin.
  • the rigid areas 11 are similar to those of the first embodiment and therefore do not need to be described again.
  • each elastic zone 22 is formed by two curved fingers 22a, 22b.
  • Each finger 22a has substantially the shape of a ring projecting from the micromechanical part and from which a section has been removed to form a space 23a.
  • each finger 22b has substantially the shape of a ring projecting from the micromechanical part and from which a section has been removed to form a space 23b.
  • the spaces 23a and 23b of the fingers 22a and 22b of the same zone 22 are not turned towards the point C: they are located between the free end 27 of the ring and the rest of the micromechanical part.
  • the fingers 22a and 22b are separated from each other by a space 24.
  • the space 23a of the finger 22a is situated on the opposite side of the finger 22b and likewise the space 23b of the finger 22b is situated on the opposite side finger 22a.
  • the fingers 22a and 22b are symmetrical with respect to a straight line passing through the point C and a point situated in the middle of the finger separation space 24.
  • the annular shape of the fingers 22a, 22b and the spaces 23a, 23b give the zones 22 a much greater elasticity than the zones 11. All the elastic zones 22 are identical to each other and connecting their ends 25 closest to the point C symbolizing the center of the opening 20, we obtain a circle C2 whose center coincides with this point C.
  • the diameter of the circle C2 is smaller than that of the circle C1.
  • Each rigid zone 11 is separated, on each side, from the adjacent elastic zone 22 by a spacing 26.
  • the micromechanical part comprises three rigid zones alternating with three elastic zones, which also gives it a ternary symmetry.
  • micromechanical part according to the third embodiment of the invention. This micromechanical part is also flat and thin.
  • the rigid areas 11 are similar to those of the previous embodiments and therefore do not need to be described again.
  • each elastic zone 32 is formed by two substantially straight half-arms 32a, 32b.
  • Each half-arm 32a protrudes from the micromechanical part in a direction at a slight angle (less than 10 degrees) with a tangent to the circle C1 passing through a point midway between the two half-arms 32a, 32b.
  • its free end 33a approaches the point C symbolizing the center of the opening 30.
  • each half-arm 32b of the same zone 32 protrudes from the micromechanical part in a direction at a slight angle (less than 10 degrees) with said tangent, so that the free end 33b of the half arm 32b approaches the point C symbolizing the center of the opening 30.
  • the half-arms 32a, 32b are turned toward each other and their free ends 33a, 33b are separated by a space 34. Between the half-arms 32a, 32b and the remainder of the micromechanical part are respectively spaces 35a, 35b which, at the respective bases of the half-arms 32a, 32b (that is to say at the places from which these half-arms project), widen substantially in the form of drops 38a, 38b.
  • the diameter of the circle C2 is smaller than that of the circle C1.
  • Each rigid zone 11 is separated, on each side, from the adjacent elastic zone 32 by a spacing 36.
  • the micromechanical part comprises three rigid zones alternating with three elastic zones, which also gives it a ternary symmetry.
  • Simulations using the ANSYS® software were performed on micromechanical parts according to the first (P1), second (P2) and third (P3) embodiments of the invention. These pieces were made of Ni-P alloy.
  • the part P1 had a thickness of 0.2 mm, a circle C2 having a diameter of 0.49 mm, a circle C1 having a diameter of 0.51 mm, curved parts having a radius of curvature of 0.15 mm, arms 12 having a width of 0.04 mm and an outside diameter of 1.0 mm, a distance measured between the circle C1 and the end furthest from the gap 16 of 0.15 mm, a recess 14 having a width of 0.12 mm and a length of 0.26 mm.
  • Piece P2 had a thickness of 0.2 mm, a circle C2 having a diameter of 0.49 mm, a circle C1 having a diameter of 0.51 mm of the curved portions having a radius of curvature of 0.15 mm, fingers 22a, 22b having an internal diameter of 0.06 mm and an outer diameter of 0.14 mm, a distance measured between the circle C1 and the end furthest from the gap 24 of 0.15 mm, spaces 23a, 23b having a distance, measured between the end 27 and the opposite wall of the workpiece P2, of 0.02 mm, a distance measured between the circle C1 and the end furthest from the space 26 of 0, 15 mm.
  • the part P3 had a thickness of 0.2 mm, a circle C2 having a diameter of 0.49 mm, a circle C1 having a diameter of 0.51 mm, curved parts having a radius with a curvature of 0.15 mm, half-arms 32a, 32b having a length of 0.18 mm and a width of 0.04 mm, a space 34 having a length measured substantially along the axis of the half-arms 32a, 32b, 0.02 mm, a distance measured between the circle C1 and the end furthest from the space 36 of 0.04 mm, spaces 35a, 35b having a minimum width of 0.02 mm and a distance , measured between the walls furthest from the drop-shaped enlargements 38a and 38b, of 0.37 mm, these drop shapes having a diameter of 0.07 mm.
  • the insertion (driving) force of a steel axis 20AP at 700HV was simulated in the respective opening 10, 20, 30 of the piece P1, P2, P3, depending on the tightening, that is to say according to the difference between the diameter of the axis and the diameter of the circle C2.
  • the coefficient of friction ⁇ between the axis and each piece P1, P2, P3 was 0.15.
  • the pieces P1, P2 and P3 have been dimensioned so that when the value of 20 microns is reached, the rigid protrusions come into play, one reaches about 70% of the elastic limit of the elastic zones. In fact, it is necessary to place the rigid zones judiciously so that the increase of force corresponds to the beginning of the zone at risk, with a margin of safety.
  • the increase of the driving force to a clamping of 20 ⁇ m is only related to driving on the rigid areas. If the rigid areas were removed, the exceeding of the elastic limit of the material could in no case be detected by a hunting force anomaly.
  • the dimensioning is such that when the rigid zones come into play the arms are still in the elastic stress range.
  • the manufacturing tolerance range of the parts can be large, because the dimensional variation of the parts has little influence on the driving force (one remains always in the elastic zone of constraint of the arms). The latter therefore remains acceptable for all parts within the tolerance range, which in practice translates into lower manufacturing requirements and / or reduced rejections for non-compliance.
  • the value of the maximum torque transmissible by the assembly (that is to say, this value is best transmitted, but never more) is simulated as a function of the tightening.
  • the minimum value of the torque that the assembly must be able to transmit must be at least 16 ⁇ Nm. It can be seen that even in the case of P3, which provides the lowest values, a value of 80 ⁇ Nm is already achieved with a clamping of 4 ⁇ m, that is to say a much larger value than is necessary. .
  • a micromechanical component P2 according to the invention has been compared to two parts as described in the preceding arts 1 and 2 above.
  • the comparison criterion was the ratio between the holding torque and the maximum main stress (which represents the standard verification criterion for fragile materials). The higher the criterion value, the better the micromechanical part.
  • the rigid zones are used essentially for guiding during the driving of the axis which will be introduced into the opening and the elastic zones for holding the axis by clamping, to prevent it from rotating relative to the micromechanical part or to move in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of this part.
  • the first reference value which is used in the processes according to the invention is therefore the value corresponding to a value of about 30% lower than the yield strength of the elastic zones, and corresponds, in the tests described above, to a clamping of 20 ⁇ m for parts P1, P2 and P3.
  • the second reference value is the limit below which the part fails to transmit sufficient torque for the proper operation of the transmission.
  • micromechanical parts according to the invention can be made, for example, from materials such as silicon, nickel, nickel alloys such as nickel-phosphorus, diamond, quartz, etc.
  • LIGA manufacturing technology from the German “Röntgenlithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung" can advantageously be used to obtain parts having relatively complex shapes of nickel or nickel-phosphorus.
  • micro-manufacturing technology for example by means of a deep etching process, can also be used to obtain relatively complex shaped parts from silicon, diamond or quartz plates.
  • micromechanical parts represented on the Figures 3 to 5 include all three rigid zones and three elastic zones as these are the preferred configurations. However, it is conceivable, without departing from the scope of the invention, other micromechanical parts having more rigid and elastic zones and / or dimensions and / or different shapes.
  • the curved portion may not be in an arc, but be defined by a variable radius of curvature, oval arc and be directed no longer towards the center of the opening but in a direction offset from this center.
  • micromechanical parts according to the invention are not necessarily flat. Indeed, the aforementioned LIGA technology allows to produce multilayer parts, for example, a wheel board with a pinion.
  • the piece P2 according to the invention ( Fig. 4 ) is particularly favorable because the bending stress causes a weak traction on the side of the center and a strong compression on the opposite side.
  • the pieces may have a smaller symmetry.

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Description

L'invention concerne une pièce de micromécanique telle qu'une roue, un pignon, un plot une goupille ou un spiral, destinée à être fixée sur un axe et comportant au moins une ouverture dont les bords comprennent alternativement des zones rigides et des zones élastiques.The invention relates to a micromechanical part such as a wheel, a pinion, a pin, a pin or a hairspring, intended to be fixed on an axis and comprising at least one opening whose edges alternately comprise rigid zones and elastic zones. .

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

En juin 1959, le brevet suisse n° 338146 divulgua un accouplement à glissement dans lequel une roue, représentée sur la figure 1, comportait des bras rigides 1 dont les extrémités 2 formaient un cercle dont le diamètre était égal à celui d'un axe à insérer au centre de la roue. Ces bras rigides 1 étaient eux-mêmes pourvus de prolongements radiaux servant de bras élastiques 3 dirigés vers l'intérieur. Une fois la roue montée sur l'axe, les bras élastiques 3 provoquaient un frottement entre la roue et l'axe.In June 1959, Swiss patent no. 338146 disclosed a slip coupling in which a wheel, shown on the figure 1 , had rigid arms 1 whose ends 2 formed a circle whose diameter was equal to that of an axis to be inserted in the center of the wheel. These rigid arms 1 were themselves provided with radial extensions serving as elastic arms 3 directed inwardly. Once the wheel mounted on the axis, the elastic arms 3 caused friction between the wheel and the axis.

En février 2006, soit près d'un demi-siècle plus tard, il fut proposé d'utiliser une ouverture ayant une forme légèrement différente. Ainsi, la demande de brevet européen n° EP 1 826 634 mit à la disposition du public la pièce de micromécanique représentée sur la figure 2. Cette pièce de micromécanique comportait, alternativement, des zones de rigidification et de positionnement 4 ainsi que des zones à déformation élastique constituées de languettes 5 dont les extrémités 6 pénétraient dans l'ouverture en s'étendant au-delà du contour théorique de l'axe, afin d'assurer une fonction de serrage lorsque l'axe était mis en place par chassage. L'objectif était de permettre un assemblage par chassage sur un axe ou un plot sans risque de rupture.
Les ouvertures ayant les formes décrites dans les documents de brevet précités semblent bien permettre de réduire le risque de rupture mais elles ne sont pas satisfaisantes, notamment, parce qu'elles ne permettent pas d'obtenir à la fois une force d'assemblage (de chassage) basse et une force de serrage élevée (cette dernière se traduisant par un couple de transmission élevé avant glissement de la pièce sur l'axe).In February 2006, almost half a century later, it was proposed to use an opening with a slightly different shape. Thus, European Patent Application No. EP 1 826 634 made available to the public the micromechanical part shown on the figure 2 . This micromechanical part included, alternately, zones of stiffening and positioning 4 as well as zones of elastic deformation consisting of tongues 5 whose ends 6 penetrated into the opening extending beyond the theoretical contour of the axis. , to ensure a clamping function when the axis was set up by driving. The objective was to allow an assembly by driving on an axis or a stud without risk of rupture.
The apertures having the shapes described in the aforementioned patent documents seem to be able to reduce the risk of rupture but they are not satisfactory, in particular because they do not make it possible to obtain both an assembly force (of hunting) and a high clamping force (the latter resulting in a high transmission torque before sliding the workpiece on the axis).

Exposé sommaire de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Les inventeurs de la demanderesse sont enfin parvenus à résoudre le problème précité, qui était resté sans solution pendant un demi-siècle.The inventors of the plaintiff finally managed to solve the aforementioned problem, which had remained unsolved for half a century.

Pour cela, ils ont mis au point une pièce de micromécanique destinée à être fixée sur un axe et comportant au moins une ouverture dont les bords comprennent alternativement des zones rigides et des zones élastiques destinées à venir en contact avec ledit axe, les extrémités des zones rigides les plus proches du centre de l'ouverture pouvant être reliées par un premier cercle de centre C, de diamètre supérieur au diamètre d'un deuxième cercle ayant le même centre C et reliant les extrémités des zones élastiques les plus proches du centre de l'ouverture, cette pièce de micromécanique se distinguant en ce que chaque zone rigide est formée par une partie bombée faisant saillie dans l'ouverture.For this, they have developed a micromechanical part intended to be fixed on an axis and comprising at least one opening whose edges alternately comprise rigid zones and elastic zones intended to come into contact with said axis, the ends of the zones. rigid closest to the center of the opening being connectable by a first circle of center C, greater in diameter than the diameter of a second circle having the same center C and connecting the ends of the elastic zones closest to the center of the opening, this micromechanical part being distinguished in that each rigid zone is formed by a domed portion projecting into the opening.

Ainsi, la pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention permet notamment :

  • de centrer avec grande précision la roue par rapport au centre de l'axe;
  • de réduire les risques de rupture au chassage ;
  • d'augmenter l'intervalle de tolérance des pièces à assembler ;
  • de mieux maîtriser l'assemblage de pièces fragiles ;
  • d'éliminer les risques de micro-fissures ;
  • de détecter facilement un assemblage effectué avec un serrage trop élevé (auquel on impute généralement la formation de micro-fissures lorsque le matériau constituant la pièce est fragile) ;
  • d'effectuer un contrôle systématique et simple de la qualité de l'assemblage ; et
  • de simplifier les opérations de fabrication car il n'est plus nécessaire d'effectuer un difficile contrôle de l'absence de micro-fissures au microscope électronique.
Thus, the micromechanical part according to the invention allows in particular:
  • to center with great precision the wheel with respect to the center of the axis;
  • to reduce the risks of breakage when hunting;
  • to increase the tolerance interval of the parts to be assembled;
  • to better control the assembly of fragile parts;
  • eliminate the risk of micro-cracks;
  • to easily detect an assembly performed with too high a tightening (which is generally attributed to the formation of micro-cracks when the material constituting the part is fragile);
  • perform a systematic and simple control of the quality of the assembly; and
  • to simplify the manufacturing operations because it is no longer necessary to perform a difficult control of the absence of micro-cracks in the electron microscope.

Dans la pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention, la partie bombée fait de préférence saillie vers le centre de l'ouverture.In the micromechanical part according to the invention, the convex part preferably projects towards the center of the opening.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque zone élastique est formée par un bras courbé.According to a first embodiment of the invention, each elastic zone is formed by a curved arm.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque zone élastique est formée par au moins un doigt courbé.According to a second embodiment of the invention, each elastic zone is formed by at least one curved finger.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque zone élastique est formée par au moins un demi-bras sensiblement rectiligne.According to a third embodiment of the invention, each elastic zone is formed by at least one substantially straight half-arm.

Avantageusement, la pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention comprend trois zones rigides et trois zones élastiques. En effet, cette configuration à deux fois trois zones, du fait de son caractère isostatique, garantit à la fois un même nombre de contacts et un centrage optimal.Advantageously, the micromechanical part according to the invention comprises three rigid zones and three elastic zones. Indeed, this two-zone configuration, because of its isostatic nature, guarantees both the same number of contacts and optimal centering.

Selon un autre aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé de diminution des risques d'obtention d'un assemblage défectueux lors de la réalisation d'un assemblage comportant chacun un axe et une pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention.According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method for reducing the risks of obtaining a defective assembly when producing an assembly each comprising an axis and a micromechanical component according to the invention.

Selon encore un autre aspect, l'invention se rapporte à un procédé de formation d'un assemblage comprenant une pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention et un axe.According to yet another aspect, the invention relates to a method of forming an assembly comprising a micromechanical component according to the invention and an axis.

Ces procédés ont l'avantage majeur de permettre d'obtenir d'une manière simple des assemblages ayant une probabilité quasiment nulle de comporter des micro-fissures, ou d'être défectueux en raison, notamment, d'un couple de tenue trop faible.These methods have the major advantage of making it possible to obtain in a simple manner assemblies with almost no probability of having micro-cracks, or of being defective due, in particular, to a holding torque that is too low.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en détail dans l'exposé qui suit et qui est donné en référence aux figures annexées qui représentent :

  • figure 1 : une roue conforme au brevet CH338146 précité, nommé « art antérieur 1 », sur laquelle on a dessiné un cercle reliant les zones rigides les unes aux autres ;
  • figure 2 : une pièce de micromécanique conforme au premier mode de réalisation de la demande de brevet précitée EP 1 826 634 , nommé « art antérieur 2 », sur laquelle on a relié entre elles les zones rigides par des pointillés ;
  • figure 3 : une partie d'une pièce de micromécanique selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • figure 4 : une partie d'une pièce de micromécanique selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • figure 5 : une partie d'une pièce de micromécanique selon le troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • figure 6 : des courbes représentant l'évolution de la force de chassage d'un axe dans une pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention, en fonction du serrage obtenu ; et
  • figure 7 : des courbes représentant l'évolution du couple maximal transmissible par un assemblage constitué d'un axe se trouvant dans une pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention, en fonction du serrage.
Other features and advantages of the invention will now be described in detail in the following description, which is given with reference to the appended figures which represent:
  • figure 1 : a wheel according to the patent CH338146 above, named "prior art 1", on which a circle connecting the rigid areas to each other has been drawn;
  • figure 2 : a micromechanical part according to the first embodiment of the aforementioned patent application EP 1 826 634 , named "prior art 2", on which the rigid areas are connected by dotted lines;
  • figure 3 : a part of a micromechanical part according to the first embodiment of the invention;
  • figure 4 : a part of a micromechanical part according to the second embodiment of the invention;
  • figure 5 a part of a micromechanical part according to the third embodiment of the invention;
  • figure 6 : curves representing the evolution of the driving force of an axis in a micromechanical part according to the invention, as a function of tightening obtained; and
  • figure 7 curves representing the evolution of the maximum torque transmissible by an assembly consisting of an axis located in a micromechanical component according to the invention, as a function of clamping.

Exposé détaillé de l'inventionDetailed exposition of the invention

L'invention s'applique en particulier au domaine de l'horlogerie. Elle est tout spécialement appropriée à la réalisation de roues dentées, pignons, viroles, dards (pour ancres), disques d'affichage etc., pouvant avoir de très petites dimensions (de l'ordre du mm).The invention applies in particular to the field of watchmaking. It is especially suitable for the production of gears, pinions, ferrules, darts (for anchors), display discs, etc., which can have very small dimensions (of the order of mm).

En effet, après chassage d'un axe dans le trou central d'une roue, on s'attend à avoir une tenue de cet assemblage assurant la fonction désirée. Celle-ci peut simplement être la transmission d'un couple sans glissement d'une pièce par rapport à l'autre. On peut aussi désirer que le glissement intervienne à partir d'un couple donné.Indeed, after driving an axis in the central hole of a wheel, it is expected to have a holding of this assembly ensuring the desired function. This can simply be the transmission of a torque without sliding of one piece relative to the other. One can also wish that the slip intervenes from a given couple.

Il faut donc que le couple de tenue minimum correspondant au pire cas de la force de chassage minimum soit supérieur au couple de charge maximum pour éviter tout glissement. De plus, il faut que la force de chassage maximum (correspondant au couple de tenue maximum) soit inférieure à un seuil limite avant dégâts (microfissures ou déformation plastique par exemple) lors de l'assemblage.It is therefore necessary that the minimum holding torque corresponding to the worst case of the minimum driving force is greater than the maximum load torque to prevent slippage. In addition, it is necessary that the maximum driving force (corresponding to the maximum holding torque) is less than a limit threshold before damage (microcracks or plastic deformation for example) during assembly.

Sur la figure 3 est représentée partiellement une pièce de micromécanique selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cette pièce de micromécanique est plane, de faible épaisseur et elle comprend une ouverture 10 prévue pour recevoir un axe (non représenté). Sur les bords de l'ouverture 10 alternent des zones rigides 11 et des zones élastiques 12.On the figure 3 is partially shown a micromechanical part according to the first embodiment of the invention. This micromechanical part is flat, thin and includes an opening 10 provided to receive an axis (not shown). On the edges of the opening 10 alternate rigid zones 11 and elastic zones 12.

Les zones rigides 11 sont formées chacune par une partie bombée faisant saillie depuis la pièce de micromécanique en direction du centre de l'ouverture 10 symbolisé sur la figure 3 par un point C. Le contour de chaque zone rigide 11 est celui d'un arc de cercle. Toutes les zones rigides 11 sont identiques les unes aux autres et en reliant leurs extrémités 13 les plus proches du point C de l'ouverture 10, on obtient un premier cercle C1 dont le centre se confond avec le point C.The rigid zones 11 are each formed by a curved portion projecting from the micromechanical part towards the center of the opening 10 symbolized on the figure 3 by a point C. The contour of each rigid zone 11 is that of an arc. All the rigid areas 11 are identical to each other and connecting their ends 13 closest to the point C of the opening 10, we obtain a first circle C1 whose center coincides with the point C.

Les zones élastiques 12 sont formées chacune par un bras courbé vers le point C. Chaque bras a la forme d'un morceau d'anneau faisant saillie depuis la pièce de micromécanique vers le point C et dont le côté de plus grand diamètre est tourné vers le point C. Ce morceau d'anneau sépare l'ouverture 10 d'un évidement sensiblement ovale 14 formé dans la pièce de micromécanique.The elastic zones 12 are each formed by an arm bent towards the point C. Each arm has the shape of a piece of ring projecting from the micromechanical part towards the point C and whose side of larger diameter is turned towards point C. This piece of ring separates the opening 10 from a substantially oval recess 14 formed in the micromechanical part.

La forme annulaire des zones 12 ainsi que les évidements 14 confèrent aux zones 12 une élasticité très supérieure à celle des zones 11. Toutes les zones élastiques 12 sont identiques les unes aux autres et en reliant leurs extrémités 15 les plus proches du point C de l'ouverture 10, on obtient un deuxième cercle C2 dont le centre se confond avec ce point C.The annular shape of the zones 12 and the recesses 14 give the zones 12 a much greater elasticity than the zones 11. All the elastic zones 12 are identical to each other and connecting their ends 15 closest to the point C of the opening 10, a second circle C2 is obtained whose center merges with this point C.

Le diamètre du cercle C2 est inférieur à celui du cercle C1.The diameter of the circle C2 is smaller than that of the circle C1.

Chaque zone rigide 11 est séparée, de chaque côté, de la zone élastique 12 qui lui est adjacente par un espacement 16.Each rigid zone 11 is separated, on each side, from the elastic zone 12 which is adjacent to it by a spacing 16.

La pièce de micromécanique selon ce premier mode de réalisation comprend trois zones rigides alternant avec trois zones élastiques, ce qui lui confère une symétrie ternaire.The micromechanical part according to this first embodiment comprises three rigid zones alternating with three elastic zones, which gives it a ternary symmetry.

Sur la figure 4 est représentée partiellement une pièce de micromécanique selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cette pièce de micromécanique est également plane et de faible épaisseur.On the figure 4 is partially shown a micromechanical part according to the second embodiment of the invention. This micromechanical part is also flat and thin.

Les zones rigides 11 sont similaires à celles du premier mode de réalisation et n'ont donc pas besoin d'être décrites à nouveau.The rigid areas 11 are similar to those of the first embodiment and therefore do not need to be described again.

La différence entre ce mode de réalisation et le premier réside essentiellement dans la forme des zones élastiques. En effet, dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, chaque zone élastique 22 est formée par deux doigts courbés 22a, 22b.The difference between this embodiment and the first lies essentially in the shape of the elastic zones. Indeed, in this second embodiment, each elastic zone 22 is formed by two curved fingers 22a, 22b.

Chaque doigt 22a a sensiblement la forme d'un anneau faisant saillie depuis la pièce de micromécanique et dont on a retiré une section pour former un espace 23a. De même, chaque doigt 22b a sensiblement la forme d'un anneau faisant saillie depuis la pièce de micromécanique et dont on a retiré une section pour former un espace 23b.Each finger 22a has substantially the shape of a ring projecting from the micromechanical part and from which a section has been removed to form a space 23a. Likewise, each finger 22b has substantially the shape of a ring projecting from the micromechanical part and from which a section has been removed to form a space 23b.

Les espaces 23a et 23b des doigts 22a et 22b d'une même zone 22 ne sont pas tournés vers le point C : ils se situent entre l'extrémité libre 27 de l'anneau et le reste de la pièce de micromécanique. Les doigts 22a et 22b sont séparés l'un de l'autre par un espace 24. L'espace 23a du doigt 22a se situe du côté opposé au doigt 22b et de même, l'espace 23b du doigt 22b se situe du côté opposé au doigt 22a. Les doigts 22a et 22b sont symétriques par rapport à une droite passant par le point C et un point situé au milieu de l'espace de séparation des doigts 24.The spaces 23a and 23b of the fingers 22a and 22b of the same zone 22 are not turned towards the point C: they are located between the free end 27 of the ring and the rest of the micromechanical part. The fingers 22a and 22b are separated from each other by a space 24. The space 23a of the finger 22a is situated on the opposite side of the finger 22b and likewise the space 23b of the finger 22b is situated on the opposite side finger 22a. The fingers 22a and 22b are symmetrical with respect to a straight line passing through the point C and a point situated in the middle of the finger separation space 24.

La forme annulaire des doigts 22a, 22b ainsi que les espaces 23a, 23b confèrent aux zones 22 une élasticité très supérieure à celle des zones 11. Toutes les zones élastiques 22 sont identiques les unes aux autres et en reliant leurs extrémités 25 les plus proches du point C symbolisant le centre de l'ouverture 20, on obtient un cercle C2 dont le centre se confond avec ce point C.The annular shape of the fingers 22a, 22b and the spaces 23a, 23b give the zones 22 a much greater elasticity than the zones 11. All the elastic zones 22 are identical to each other and connecting their ends 25 closest to the point C symbolizing the center of the opening 20, we obtain a circle C2 whose center coincides with this point C.

Bien entendu, le diamètre du cercle C2 est inférieur à celui du cercle C1.Of course, the diameter of the circle C2 is smaller than that of the circle C1.

Lorsque les doigts 22a, 22b sont poussés dans une direction sensiblement radiale vers l'extérieur, les espaces 23a, 23b se réduisent jusqu'à disparaître lorsque les extrémités libres 27 des doigts 22a, 22b butent contre le reste de la pièce de micromécanique. Cette dernière joue ainsi le rôle de butée pour les doigts 22a, 22b.When the fingers 22a, 22b are pushed in a direction substantially radially outward, the spaces 23a, 23b are reduced until disappearing when the free ends 27 of the fingers 22a, 22b abut against the rest of the micromechanical part. The latter thus acts as a stop for the fingers 22a, 22b.

Chaque zone rigide 11 est séparée, de chaque côté, de la zone élastique 22 voisine par un espacement 26.Each rigid zone 11 is separated, on each side, from the adjacent elastic zone 22 by a spacing 26.

Selon ce mode de réalisation aussi, la pièce de micromécanique comprend trois zones rigides alternant avec trois zones élastiques, ce qui lui confère également une symétrie ternaire.According to this embodiment also, the micromechanical part comprises three rigid zones alternating with three elastic zones, which also gives it a ternary symmetry.

Sur la figure 5 est représentée partiellement une pièce de micromécanique selon le troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cette pièce de micromécanique est elle aussi plane et de faible épaisseur.On the figure 5 is partially shown a micromechanical part according to the third embodiment of the invention. This micromechanical part is also flat and thin.

Les zones rigides 11 sont similaires à celles des modes de réalisation précédents et n'ont donc pas besoin d'être à nouveau décrites.The rigid areas 11 are similar to those of the previous embodiments and therefore do not need to be described again.

La différence entre ce mode de réalisation et les précédents réside essentiellement dans la forme des zones élastiques. En effet, dans ce troisième mode de réalisation, chaque zone élastique 32 est formée par deux demi-bras sensiblement rectilignes 32a, 32b. Chaque demi-bras 32a fait saillie depuis la pièce de micromécanique dans une direction faisant un léger angle (moins de 10 degrés) avec une tangente au cercle C1 passant par un point situé à mi-chemin entre les deux demi-bras 32a, 32b. Ainsi, son extrémité libre 33a se rapproche du point C symbolisant le centre de l'ouverture 30.The difference between this embodiment and the previous ones lies essentially in the shape of the elastic zones. Indeed, in this third embodiment, each elastic zone 32 is formed by two substantially straight half-arms 32a, 32b. Each half-arm 32a protrudes from the micromechanical part in a direction at a slight angle (less than 10 degrees) with a tangent to the circle C1 passing through a point midway between the two half-arms 32a, 32b. Thus, its free end 33a approaches the point C symbolizing the center of the opening 30.

De même, chaque demi-bras 32b de la même zone 32 fait saillie depuis la pièce de micromécanique dans une direction faisant un léger angle (moins de 10 degrés) avec ladite tangente, de façon à ce que l'extrémité libre 33b du demi-bras 32b se rapproche du point C symbolisant le centre de l'ouverture 30.Similarly, each half-arm 32b of the same zone 32 protrudes from the micromechanical part in a direction at a slight angle (less than 10 degrees) with said tangent, so that the free end 33b of the half arm 32b approaches the point C symbolizing the center of the opening 30.

Les demi-bras 32a, 32b sont tournés l'un vers l'autre et leurs extrémités libres 33a, 33b sont séparées par un espace 34. Entre les demi-bras 32a, 32b et le reste de la pièce de micromécanique se trouvent respectivement des espaces 35a, 35b qui, aux bases respectives des demi-bras 32a, 32b, (c'est-à-dire aux endroits depuis lesquels ces demi-bras font saillie), s'élargissent sensiblement en forme de gouttes 38a, 38b.The half-arms 32a, 32b are turned toward each other and their free ends 33a, 33b are separated by a space 34. Between the half-arms 32a, 32b and the remainder of the micromechanical part are respectively spaces 35a, 35b which, at the respective bases of the half-arms 32a, 32b (that is to say at the places from which these half-arms project), widen substantially in the form of drops 38a, 38b.

La forme allongée des demi-bras 32a, 32b ainsi que les espaces 35a, 35b confèrent aux zones 32 une élasticité très supérieure à celle des zones 11. Toutes les zones élastiques 32 sont identiques les unes aux autres et en reliant leurs extrémités 37 les plus proches du point C de l'ouverture 30, on obtient un cercle C2 dont le centre se confond avec ce point C.The elongated shape of the half-arms 32a, 32b and the spaces 35a, 35b give the zones 32 a much greater elasticity than the zones 11. All the elastic zones 32 are identical to each other and connecting their ends 37 the most close to the point C of the opening 30, we obtain a circle C2 whose center merges with this point C.

Il va de soi que dans ce mode de réalisation également, le diamètre du cercle C2 est inférieur à celui du cercle C1.It goes without saying that in this embodiment also, the diameter of the circle C2 is smaller than that of the circle C1.

Lorsque les extrémités libres 33a, 33b des demi-bras 32a, 32b sont poussées dans une direction sensiblement radiale vers l'extérieur, les espaces 35a, 35b se réduisent jusqu'à disparaître lorsque les extrémités libres 33a, 33b butent contre le reste de la pièce de micromécanique. Cette dernière joue ainsi le rôle de butée pour les demi-bras 32a, 32b.When the free ends 33a, 33b of the half-arms 32a, 32b are pushed in a direction substantially radially outward, the spaces 35a, 35b are reduced until disappearing when the free ends 33a, 33b abut against the rest of the micromechanical part. The latter thus acts as a stop for the half-arms 32a, 32b.

Chaque zone rigide 11 est séparée, de chaque côté, de la zone élastique 32 voisine par un espacement 36.Each rigid zone 11 is separated, on each side, from the adjacent elastic zone 32 by a spacing 36.

Selon ce mode de réalisation aussi, la pièce de micromécanique comprend trois zones rigides alternant avec trois zones élastiques, ce qui lui confère également une symétrie ternaire.According to this embodiment also, the micromechanical part comprises three rigid zones alternating with three elastic zones, which also gives it a ternary symmetry.

Teststests

Des simulations à l'aide du logiciel ANSYS® ont été effectuées sur des pièces de micromécanique selon les premier (P1), deuxième (P2) et troisième (P3) modes de réalisation de l'invention. Ces pièces étaient en alliage Ni-P.Simulations using the ANSYS® software were performed on micromechanical parts according to the first (P1), second (P2) and third (P3) embodiments of the invention. These pieces were made of Ni-P alloy.

La pièce P1 présentait une épaisseur de 0,2 mm, un cercle C2 ayant un diamètre de 0,49 mm, un cercle C1 ayant un diamètre de 0,51 mm, des parties bombées ayant un rayon de courbure de 0,15 mm, des bras 12 ayant 0,04 mm de largeur et un diamètre extérieur de 1,0 mm, une distance mesurée entre le cercle C1 et l'extrémité la plus éloignée de l'espace 16 de 0,15 mm, un évidement 14 ayant une largeur de 0,12 mm et une longueur de 0,26 mm.The part P1 had a thickness of 0.2 mm, a circle C2 having a diameter of 0.49 mm, a circle C1 having a diameter of 0.51 mm, curved parts having a radius of curvature of 0.15 mm, arms 12 having a width of 0.04 mm and an outside diameter of 1.0 mm, a distance measured between the circle C1 and the end furthest from the gap 16 of 0.15 mm, a recess 14 having a width of 0.12 mm and a length of 0.26 mm.

La pièce P2 présentait une épaisseur de 0,2 mm, un cercle C2 ayant un diamètre de 0,49 mm, un cercle C1 ayant un diamètre de 0,51 mm des parties bombées ayant un rayon de courbure de 0,15 mm, des doigts 22a, 22b ayant un diamètre interne de 0,06 mm et un diamètre externe de 0,14 mm, une distance mesurée entre le cercle C1 et l'extrémité la plus éloignée de l'espace 24 de 0,15 mm, des espaces 23a, 23b ayant une distance, mesurée entre l'extrémité 27 et la paroi opposée de la pièce P2, de 0,02 mm, une distance mesurée entre le cercle C1 et l'extrémité la plus éloignée de l'espace 26 de 0,15 mm.Piece P2 had a thickness of 0.2 mm, a circle C2 having a diameter of 0.49 mm, a circle C1 having a diameter of 0.51 mm of the curved portions having a radius of curvature of 0.15 mm, fingers 22a, 22b having an internal diameter of 0.06 mm and an outer diameter of 0.14 mm, a distance measured between the circle C1 and the end furthest from the gap 24 of 0.15 mm, spaces 23a, 23b having a distance, measured between the end 27 and the opposite wall of the workpiece P2, of 0.02 mm, a distance measured between the circle C1 and the end furthest from the space 26 of 0, 15 mm.

La pièce P3 présentait une épaisseur de 0,2 mm, un cercle C2 ayant un diamètre de 0,49 mm, un cercle C1 ayant un diamètre de 0,51 mm, des parties bombées ayant un rayon de courbure de 0,15 mm, des demi-bras 32a, 32b ayant une longueur de 0,18 mm et une largeur de 0,04 mm, un espace 34 ayant une longueur mesurée sensiblement suivant l'axe des demi-bras 32a, 32b, de 0,02 mm, une distance mesurée entre le cercle C1 et l'extrémité la plus éloignée de l'espace 36 de 0,04 mm, des espaces 35a, 35b ayant une largeur minimale de 0,02 mm et une distance, mesurée entre les parois les plus éloignées des élargissements en forme de goutte 38a et 38b, de 0,37 mm, ces formes de goutte ayant un diamètre de 0,07 mm.The part P3 had a thickness of 0.2 mm, a circle C2 having a diameter of 0.49 mm, a circle C1 having a diameter of 0.51 mm, curved parts having a radius with a curvature of 0.15 mm, half-arms 32a, 32b having a length of 0.18 mm and a width of 0.04 mm, a space 34 having a length measured substantially along the axis of the half-arms 32a, 32b, 0.02 mm, a distance measured between the circle C1 and the end furthest from the space 36 of 0.04 mm, spaces 35a, 35b having a minimum width of 0.02 mm and a distance , measured between the walls furthest from the drop-shaped enlargements 38a and 38b, of 0.37 mm, these drop shapes having a diameter of 0.07 mm.

Pour chacune des pièces P1, P2, P3, on a simulé la force d'introduction (de chassage) d'un axe en acier 20AP à 700HV dans l'ouverture respective 10, 20, 30 de la pièce P1, P2, P3, en fonction du serrage, c'est-à-dire en fonction de la différence entre le diamètre de l'axe et le diamètre du cercle C2. Le coefficient de frottement µ entre l'axe et chaque pièce P1, P2, P3 était de 0,15.For each of the pieces P1, P2, P3, the insertion (driving) force of a steel axis 20AP at 700HV was simulated in the respective opening 10, 20, 30 of the piece P1, P2, P3, depending on the tightening, that is to say according to the difference between the diameter of the axis and the diameter of the circle C2. The coefficient of friction μ between the axis and each piece P1, P2, P3 was 0.15.

Les résultats sont représentés sur la figure 6.The results are represented on the figure 6 .

On observe, pour chacune des trois pièces P1, P2 et P3, une augmentation linéaire au début, puis une inflexion (augmentation de la pente) pour un serrage supérieur à 20 µm.For each of the three pieces P1, P2 and P3, we observe a linear increase at the beginning, then an inflection (increase of the slope) for a tightening greater than 20 μm.

On peut en déduire que pour un serrage compris entre 0 et 20 µm, la caractéristique linéaire d'augmentation de la force de chassage est acceptable. Au delà, la caractéristique de la force de chassage croît plus vite que linéairement. Ainsi, lorsqu'on atteint un serrage de 20 µm, l'axe vient en contact avec les zones rigides. Dès cet instant, toute augmentation de la valeur de serrage (> 20 µm) est contrecarrée par les zones rigides. On observe une inflexion (augmentation rapide de la force de chassage). Les bras élastiques n'atteignent pas la limite élastique pour cette valeur de 20 µm mais pour une valeur supérieure. La limite élastique des bras n'est jamais atteinte. En effet, grâce à la présence des zones rigides on observe une très rapide et très forte augmentation de la force de serrage, entraînant la nécessité de rejeter l'assemblage.It can be deduced that for a clamping between 0 and 20 μm, the linear characteristic of increasing the driving force is acceptable. Beyond this, the characteristic of the driving force grows faster than linearly. Thus, when a tightening of 20 microns is reached, the axis comes into contact with the rigid zones. From now on, any increase in the tightening value (> 20 μm) is countered by the rigid areas. There is an inflection (rapid increase of the driving force). The elastic arms do not reach the elastic limit for this value of 20 μm but for a higher value. The elastic limit of the arms is never reached. Indeed, thanks to the presence of the rigid areas there is a very rapid and very strong increase in the clamping force, causing the need to reject the assembly.

Les pièces P1, P2 et P3 ont été dimensionnées de telle sorte que lorsque la valeur de 20 µm est atteinte, les saillies rigides entrent en jeu, on atteint environ 70% de la limite élastique des zones élastiques. En fait, il faut placer les zones rigides de façon judicieuse pour que l'augmentation de force corresponde au début de la zone à risque, avec une marge de sécurité. L'augmentation de la force de chassage à un serrage de 20µm est uniquement liée au chassage sur les zones rigides. Si l'on supprimait les zones rigides, le dépassement de la limite élastique de la matière ne pourrait en aucun cas être détecté par une anomalie de force de chassage.The pieces P1, P2 and P3 have been dimensioned so that when the value of 20 microns is reached, the rigid protrusions come into play, one reaches about 70% of the elastic limit of the elastic zones. In fact, it is necessary to place the rigid zones judiciously so that the increase of force corresponds to the beginning of the zone at risk, with a margin of safety. The increase of the driving force to a clamping of 20μm is only related to driving on the rigid areas. If the rigid areas were removed, the exceeding of the elastic limit of the material could in no case be detected by a hunting force anomaly.

Selon l'invention, le dimensionnement est tel que lorsque les zones rigides entrent en jeu les bras sont encore dans le domaine de contrainte élastique.According to the invention, the dimensioning is such that when the rigid zones come into play the arms are still in the elastic stress range.

Par conséquent, avec les pièces P1, P2 et P3 selon l'invention, la plage de tolérance de fabrication des pièces peut être grande, car la variation dimensionnelle des pièces influe peu sur la force de chassage (on reste toujours dans la zone élastique de contrainte des bras). Cette dernière reste donc acceptable pour toutes les pièces à l'intérieur de la plage de tolérance, ce qui se traduit en pratique par des exigences de fabrication moindres et/ou une diminution des rejets pour non-conformité.Therefore, with the parts P1, P2 and P3 according to the invention, the manufacturing tolerance range of the parts can be large, because the dimensional variation of the parts has little influence on the driving force (one remains always in the elastic zone of constraint of the arms). The latter therefore remains acceptable for all parts within the tolerance range, which in practice translates into lower manufacturing requirements and / or reduced rejections for non-compliance.

En outre, étant donné que la tenue au « déchassage » (expulsion de l'axe) est directement liée à la force de chassage et que la tenue minimale à un déchassage provoqué par un choc de 5000 g doit généralement être d'au moins 0,1 N, on constate que même pour un serrage minimal (4 µm), cette tenue minimale au choc est atteinte avec les trois pièces P1, P2 et P3.In addition, since the "de-jacking" resistance (expulsion from the axis) is directly related to the driving force and the minimum resistance to a breakout caused by a shock of 5000 g must generally be at least 0 , 1 N, it is found that even for a minimum tightening (4 μm), this minimum impact resistance is achieved with the three pieces P1, P2 and P3.

Ensuite, on a simulé la valeur du couple maximal transmissible par l'assemblage (c'est-à-dire qu'on transmet au mieux cette valeur, mais jamais davantage) en fonction du serrage.Then, the value of the maximum torque transmissible by the assembly (that is to say, this value is best transmitted, but never more) is simulated as a function of the tightening.

Les résultats sont représentés sur la figure 7.The results are represented on the figure 7 .

Dans le cas illustré, la valeur minimale du couple que l'assemblage doit être capable de transmettre doit être d'au moins 16 µNm. On constate que même dans le cas de P3 qui fournit les valeurs les plus basses, on atteint déjà, avec un serrage de 4 µm, une valeur de 80 µNm, c'est-à-dire une valeur largement supérieure à ce qui est nécessaire.In the case illustrated, the minimum value of the torque that the assembly must be able to transmit must be at least 16 μNm. It can be seen that even in the case of P3, which provides the lowest values, a value of 80 μNm is already achieved with a clamping of 4 μm, that is to say a much larger value than is necessary. .

Par ailleurs, on note que dans le cas de P3, la valeur du couple maximal transmissible augmente peu avec le serrage. La pièce P3, avec un dimensionnement judicieux, peut donc avantageusement trouver une application comme limiteur de couple à transmettre, car même avec des variations dimensionnelles importantes, il peut être garanti que le couple maximal que pourra transmettre l'assemblage restera limité.Furthermore, it is noted that in the case of P3, the value of the maximum transmittable torque increases little with tightening. The piece P3, with a judicious dimensioning, can therefore advantageously find an application as torque limiter to transmit, because even with significant dimensional variations, it can be guaranteed that the maximum torque that can transmit the assembly will be limited.

Essai comparatifComparative test

On a comparé une pièce de micromécanique P2 selon l'invention à deux pièces telles que décrites dans les arts antérieurs 1 et 2 précités.A micromechanical component P2 according to the invention has been compared to two parts as described in the preceding arts 1 and 2 above.

Des simulations ont été effectuées à l'aide du logiciel ANSYS® sur les trois pièces dans les mêmes conditions, à savoir :

  • axes identiques (diamètre 0 0,51 mm, acier 20AP à 700 HV,)
  • matériau : NiP, épaisseur 0,2 mm, coefficient de frottement avec l'axe µ=0,15, serrage de 12 µm; et
  • paramètres de simulation identiques (taille de maille, incrément de calcul, formulation de contact, etc.).
Simulations were carried out using the ANSYS® software on the three parts under the same conditions, namely:
  • identical axes (diameter 0 0.51 mm, steel 20AP to 700 HV,)
  • material: NiP, thickness 0.2 mm, coefficient of friction with the axis μ = 0.15, tightening of 12 μm; and
  • identical simulation parameters (mesh size, calculation increment, contact formulation, etc.).

Le critère de comparaison était le rapport entre le couple de tenue et la contrainte principale maximale (qui représente le critère de vérification standard pour les matériaux fragiles). Plus la valeur du critère est élevée, meilleure est la pièce de micromécanique.The comparison criterion was the ratio between the holding torque and the maximum main stress (which represents the standard verification criterion for fragile materials). The higher the criterion value, the better the micromechanical part.

Les résultats sont indiqués dans le tableau suivant : Pièce testée Contrainte principale maximale
(MPa) Couple de tenue (µNm) Rapport couple/contrainte
(µNm/MPa) Art antérieur 1 354 41 0,116 Art antérieur 2 307 4 0,013 P2 1440 560 0,389 The results are shown in the following table: Piece tested Maximum main stress
(MPa) Holding torque (μNm) Relationship torque / constraint
(ΜNm / MPa) Prior art 1 354 41 0.116 Prior Art 2 307 4 0,013 P2 1440 560 0.389

On constate que la pièce P2 fournit des résultats largement supérieurs à ceux des pièces de l'art antérieur.It is found that the P2 piece provides results far superior to those of the pieces of the prior art.

Procédés selon l'inventionProcesses according to the invention

Dans les pièces de micromécanique selon l'invention, les zones rigides servent essentiellement au guidage lors du chassage de l'axe qui va être introduit dans l'ouverture et les zones élastiques au maintien par serrage de cet axe, afin de l'empêcher de tourner par rapport à la pièce de micromécanique ou bien de se déplacer dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de cette pièce.In the micromechanical parts according to the invention, the rigid zones are used essentially for guiding during the driving of the axis which will be introduced into the opening and the elastic zones for holding the axis by clamping, to prevent it from rotating relative to the micromechanical part or to move in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of this part.

Comme on l'a vu en relation avec la figure 6, pour chaque pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention, il est possible de définir une valeur de serrage à partir de laquelle la force de chassage croît rapidement et par conséquent le risque d'existence de micro-fissures dans la pièce de micromécanique devient important.As we have seen in relation to the figure 6 for each micromechanical component according to the invention, it is possible to define a clamping value from which the driving force increases rapidly and therefore the risk of micro-cracks in the micromechanical part becomes important.

Il est donc souhaitable d'éliminer les pièces dont l'assemblage a nécessité une force de chassage élevée.It is therefore desirable to eliminate parts whose assembly required a high driving force.

De même, il est souhaitable d'éliminer les pièces qui ne sont pas susceptibles de garantir un couple supérieur au couple minimum nécessaire au bon fonctionnement de la transmission sans glissement.Similarly, it is desirable to eliminate the parts that are not likely to guarantee a torque greater than the minimum torque necessary for the smooth operation of the transmission without slip.

Par conséquent, l'invention concerne également un procédé de diminution des risques d'obtention d'un assemblage défectueux lors de la réalisation d'un assemblage formé d'un axe et d'une pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention, ce procédé comprenant les étapes successives suivantes :

  • on mesure la force nécessaire lors de l'introduction de l'axe dans la pièce de micromécanique ;
  • on compare la valeur mesurée à une première valeur de référence et à une deuxième valeur de référence ;
  • si la valeur mesurée est supérieure à la première valeur de référence ou inférieure à la deuxième valeur de référence, l'assemblage est considéré comme insatisfaisant et est éliminé ;
  • si la valeur mesurée est inférieure ou égale à la première valeur de référence et supérieure ou égale à la seconde valeur de référence, l'assemblage est considéré comme satisfaisant et est conservé.
Therefore, the invention also relates to a method of reducing the risks of obtaining a defective assembly when producing an assembly formed of an axis and a micromechanical component according to the invention, this method comprising the following successive steps:
  • the force required is measured when the axis is inserted into the micromechanical part;
  • comparing the measured value with a first reference value and a second reference value;
  • if the measured value is greater than the first reference value or less than the second reference value, the assembly is considered unsatisfactory and is eliminated;
  • if the measured value is less than or equal to the first reference value and greater than or equal to the second reference value, the assembly is considered satisfactory and is retained.

La première valeur de référence qui est utilisée dans les procédés selon l'invention est donc la valeur correspondant à une valeur inférieure d'environ 30% à la limite d'élasticité des zones élastiques, et correspond, dans les tests décrits ci-dessus, à un serrage de 20 µm pour les pièces P1, P2 et P3.The first reference value which is used in the processes according to the invention is therefore the value corresponding to a value of about 30% lower than the yield strength of the elastic zones, and corresponds, in the tests described above, to a clamping of 20 μm for parts P1, P2 and P3.

La deuxième valeur de référence est la limite en dessous de laquelle la pièce ne parvient pas à transmettre un couple suffisant au bon fonctionnement de la transmission.The second reference value is the limit below which the part fails to transmit sufficient torque for the proper operation of the transmission.

Parallèlement, l'invention concerne aussi un procédé de formation d'un assemblage comprenant une pièce de micromécanique et un axe, comprenant les étapes successives suivantes :

  • on introduit un axe dans une pièce de micromécanique selon l'invention tout en mesurant la force nécessaire à l'introduction ;
  • on compare la valeur mesurée à une première valeur de référence et à une deuxième valeur de référence ;
  • si la valeur mesurée est supérieure à la première valeur de référence ou inférieure à la deuxième valeur de référence, on élimine l'assemblage ;
  • si la valeur mesurée est inférieure ou égale à la première valeur de référence et supérieure ou égale à la deuxième valeur de référence, on conserve l'assemblage.
In parallel, the invention also relates to a method of forming an assembly comprising a micromechanical part and an axis, comprising the following successive steps:
  • an axis is introduced into a micromechanical component according to the invention while measuring the force required for insertion;
  • comparing the measured value with a first reference value and a second reference value;
  • if the measured value is greater than the first reference value or less than the second reference value, the assembly is eliminated;
  • if the measured value is less than or equal to the first reference value and greater than or equal to the second reference value, the assembly is retained.

Sur les figures 3, 4 et 5 n'ont été représentées que les parties des pièces de micromécanique selon l'invention nécessaires à l'exposé de l'invention. Il va de soi que l'homme du métier saura compléter ces figures en y ajoutant les parties manquantes d'une roue, d'un pignon, d'un plot, d'une goupille ou d'un spiral, par exemple.On the figures 3 , 4 and 5 only parts of the micromechanical parts according to the invention necessary for the disclosure of the invention have been shown. It goes without saying that the skilled person will complete these figures by adding the missing parts of a wheel, a pinion, a stud, a pin or a spiral, for example.

Les pièces de micromécanique selon l'invention peuvent être réalisées, par exemple, à partir de matériaux tels que le silicium, le nickel, les alliages de nickel tels que le nickel-phosphore, le diamant, le quartz, etc.The micromechanical parts according to the invention can be made, for example, from materials such as silicon, nickel, nickel alloys such as nickel-phosphorus, diamond, quartz, etc.

L'utilisation de la technologie de fabrication LIGA (de l'allemand « Röntgenlithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung ») peut avantageusement être employée pour obtenir des pièces ayant des formes relativement complexes en nickel ou nickel-phosphore. L'utilisation d'une technologie de micro-fabrication, par exemple au moyen d'un procédé de gravure profonde, peut également être employée pour obtenir des pièces ayant des formes relativement complexes à partir de plaques de silicium, de diamant ou de quartz.The use of the LIGA manufacturing technology (from the German "Röntgenlithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung") can advantageously be used to obtain parts having relatively complex shapes of nickel or nickel-phosphorus. The use of micro-manufacturing technology, for example by means of a deep etching process, can also be used to obtain relatively complex shaped parts from silicon, diamond or quartz plates.

Les pièces de micromécanique représentées sur les figures 3 à 5 comprennent toutes trois zones rigides et trois zones élastiques car il s'agit des configurations préférées. Cependant, on peut imaginer, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, d'autres pièces de micromécanique ayant davantage de zones rigides et élastiques et/ou des dimensions et/ou des formes différentes. Par exemple, la partie bombée peut ne pas être en arc de cercle, mais être définie par un rayon de courbure variable, en arc d'ovale et être dirigée non plus vers le centre de l'ouverture mais dans une direction décalée par rapport à ce centre.The micromechanical parts represented on the Figures 3 to 5 include all three rigid zones and three elastic zones as these are the preferred configurations. However, it is conceivable, without departing from the scope of the invention, other micromechanical parts having more rigid and elastic zones and / or dimensions and / or different shapes. For example, the curved portion may not be in an arc, but be defined by a variable radius of curvature, oval arc and be directed no longer towards the center of the opening but in a direction offset from this center.

De plus, les pièces de micromécanique selon l'invention ne sont pas nécessairement planes. En effet, la technologie LIGA précitée permet de réaliser des pièces multicouches, par exemple, une planche de roue avec un pignon.In addition, the micromechanical parts according to the invention are not necessarily flat. Indeed, the aforementioned LIGA technology allows to produce multilayer parts, for example, a wheel board with a pinion.

Par ailleurs, lorsque les pièces sont réalisées en Nickel-Phosophore ou Silicium, elles sont plus fragiles en traction qu'en compression. Par conséquent, la pièce P2 selon l'invention (fig. 4) est particulièrement favorable car la contrainte en flexion occasionne une faible traction du côté du centre et une forte compression du côté opposé.Moreover, when the parts are made of Nickel-Phosphorus or Silicon, they are more fragile in traction than in compression. Consequently, the piece P2 according to the invention ( Fig. 4 ) is particularly favorable because the bending stress causes a weak traction on the side of the center and a strong compression on the opposite side.

Enfin, il convient d'ajouter que les pièces peuvent avoir une symétrie plus réduite. Dans le cas des pièces P2 ou P3 selon l'invention par exemple, il peut être avantageux de réaliser des demi-bras non symétriques (en longueur et/ou en largeur), ce qui confère alors à la pièce un couple de tenue plus élevé dans un sens que dans l'autre.Finally, it should be added that the pieces may have a smaller symmetry. In the case of parts P2 or P3 according to the invention for example, it may be advantageous to produce unsymmetrical half-arms (in length and / or in width), which then gives the part a higher holding torque. in one sense than in the other.

Claims (9)

  1. A micromechanical part intended to be fastened to a spindle and having at least one opening (10, 20, 30) whose edges comprise an alternating arrangement of rigid areas (11) and elastic areas (12, 22, 32) intended to come into contact with said spindle, it being possible for those ends (13) of the rigid areas (11) closest to the centre C of the opening (10,20,30) to be connected by a first circle C1 having a centre C and a diameter greater than the diameter of a second circle C2 having the same centre C and connecting those ends (15, 25, 27) of the elastic areas (12, 22, 32) closest to the centre of the opening, this micromechanical part being characterized in that each rigid area (11) is formed by a convex portion projecting into the opening (10, 20, 30).
  2. The micromechanical part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the convex portion projects toward the center of the opening (10, 20, 30).
  3. The micromechanical part as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein each elastic area (12) is formed by a curved arm.
  4. The micromechanical part as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein each elastic area (22) is formed by two curved fingers (22a, 22b).
  5. The micromechanical part as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein each elastic area (32) is formed by at least one rectilinear half-arm (32a or 32b).
  6. The micromechanical part as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises three rigid areas (11) and three elastic areas (12, 22, 32).
  7. An assembly formed by a micromechanical part as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6 and by a spindle.
  8. A use of a micromechanical part as claimed in claim 5 for limiting the torque that is to be transmitted by an assembly formed by this micromechanical part and a spindle.
  9. A method of forming an assembly as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:
    - a spindle is inserted into a micromechanical part as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6 while measuring the force required for the insertion;
    - the measured value is compared with a first reference value;
    - if the measured value is greater than the first reference value or less than a second reference value, the assembly is rejected;
    - if the measured value is less than or equal to the first reference value and greater than or equal to the second reference value, the assembly is retained.
EP08405112A 2008-04-21 2008-04-21 Micromechanical component with opening for attachment on a spindle Active EP2112565B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08405112A EP2112565B1 (en) 2008-04-21 2008-04-21 Micromechanical component with opening for attachment on a spindle
DE602008003097T DE602008003097D1 (en) 2008-04-21 2008-04-21 Micromechanical component with opening for mounting on an axis
US12/414,150 US7926355B2 (en) 2008-04-21 2009-03-30 Micromechanical part with an opening for fastening to a spindle
JP2009100185A JP5451162B2 (en) 2008-04-21 2009-04-16 Micromechanical parts with openings for fastening to the spindle
CN200910135115.0A CN101566826B (en) 2008-04-21 2009-04-20 Micromechanical component with opening for attachment on an axe
HK10100820.4A HK1133931A1 (en) 2008-04-21 2010-01-26 Micromechanical component with opening for attachment on a spindle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08405112A EP2112565B1 (en) 2008-04-21 2008-04-21 Micromechanical component with opening for attachment on a spindle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2112565A1 EP2112565A1 (en) 2009-10-28
EP2112565B1 true EP2112565B1 (en) 2010-10-20

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EP08405112A Active EP2112565B1 (en) 2008-04-21 2008-04-21 Micromechanical component with opening for attachment on a spindle

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US7926355B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2112565B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5451162B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101566826B (en)
DE (1) DE602008003097D1 (en)
HK (1) HK1133931A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101566826B (en) 2014-11-26
HK1133931A1 (en) 2010-04-09
JP2009265097A (en) 2009-11-12
US20090263182A1 (en) 2009-10-22
US7926355B2 (en) 2011-04-19
CN101566826A (en) 2009-10-28
JP5451162B2 (en) 2014-03-26
DE602008003097D1 (en) 2010-12-02
EP2112565A1 (en) 2009-10-28

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