EP2112046A1 - Method, apparatus and computer program product for use with interlocking systems - Google Patents
Method, apparatus and computer program product for use with interlocking systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2112046A1 EP2112046A1 EP08155063A EP08155063A EP2112046A1 EP 2112046 A1 EP2112046 A1 EP 2112046A1 EP 08155063 A EP08155063 A EP 08155063A EP 08155063 A EP08155063 A EP 08155063A EP 2112046 A1 EP2112046 A1 EP 2112046A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- track circuit
- position data
- train
- matching
- train position
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L21/00—Station blocking between signal boxes in one yard
- B61L21/04—Electrical locking and release of the route; Electrical repeat locks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
- B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to interlocking systems and track circuits for train detection, and more particularly to providing an alternative to track circuits for connection to interlocking systems.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce the costs involved with track circuits.
- an apparatus comprising: a receiver arranged to receive train position data; and a controller arranged to find a matching track circuit input, selected from a plurality of track circuit inputs of an interlocking system wherein each of the track circuit inputs have associated track circuit position data, which matching track circuit input has associated track circuit position data matching the train position data.
- the controller is arranged to send a signal to any matching track circuit input of the interlocking system.
- the train position data can be used to derive a corresponding track circuit signal.
- the interlocking system can thereby remain intact when the track circuits are removed, or not installed for new systems, saving cost and reducing risk of any modifications to the interlocking system.
- the apparatus may further comprise a database comprising track circuit inputs and associated track circuit position data.
- the database can for example be a table allowing a translation from train position to corresponding track circuit input.
- the receiver may be arranged to receive train position data from a central train position receiving device.
- a second aspect of the invention is a method comprising the steps of: receiving train position data; find a matching track circuit input, selected from a plurality of track circuit inputs of an interlocking system wherein each of the track circuit inputs have associated track circuit position data, which matching track circuit input has associated track circuit position data matching the train position data; and sending a signal to any matching track circuit input of the interlocking system.
- the finding may include performing a look-up in a database comprising track circuit inputs and associated track circuit position data, using the train position data.
- the receiving train position data may include receiving train position data from a position detector of a train.
- the receiving train position data may include receiving the train position data over radio.
- the method may be repeated.
- a third aspect of the invention is a computer program product comprising software instructions that, when executed in a controller, performs the method according to the second aspect.
- Fig 1 shows a conventional interlocking system with associated track circuits.
- Track circuit 103a is positioned in section 105a of rail track 107.
- the track circuit 103a is connected to the two rails of the rail track 107.
- an electrical connection is provided using the wheels and axles of the train, between the two rails of the track 107.
- the track circuit 103a can thus detect the presence of the train 109 in section 105a.
- a signal is sent to a corresponding input 102a of interlocking system 101, where the input 102a corresponds to the track circuit 103a and section 105a.
- track circuits 103b-z corresponding to track sections 105b-z work the same way and have respective corresponding inputs 102b-z of the interlocking system 101. It is to be noted that the track circuits 103a-z can use any suitable detection principle, as long as the train 109 is detected in a corresponding section 105a-z.
- the interlocking system 101 can thus provide appropriate output signals (not shown), such as light signals, commands to rail switches, operator information/warnings/alerts etc. This enables the interlocking system 101 to be part of safe and efficient control of a rail network.
- Fig 2 shows an arrangement where an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- Sections 105a-z of rail track 107 are identical to those of Fig 1 .
- the sections 105a-z have respectively corresponding inputs 102a-z of the interlocking system 101, which is identical to the interlocking system 101 of Fig 1 .
- a train 209 has an on-board position detector 225.
- a balise 221a is positioned between the rails of the rail track 107, giving a reference position to the train 209.
- the balise 221a sends its identity and/or position data to the train, allowing the position detector 225 to know what balise was just passed.
- Several balises 221b-z are placed along the rail track 107, and all send their identity and/or position data to any train passing over. It is to be noted that the balises do not need to be aligned with the sections 105a-z.
- the train 209 is not at an exact position of a balise, but using a tachometer or any equivalent device, the position detector can work out a distance 223 which has been covered since the last passed balise 221a.
- the position of the train 209 is thus derivable at all parts of the track 107.
- Other or complementary positioning systems can be used, such as using radio beacons and/or GPS, as long as the position detector 225 can deduce the position of the train 209.
- a central train position receiving device 227 such as a radio block centre 227 as part of a ERTMS system, receives train position data from all trains within its area.
- the train position data is sent from the train 209 over a radio interface 226, which for example can be GSM-R (GSM for railways).
- a virtual track circuit apparatus 229 comprises a receiver 230 for receiving train position data 229 from the radio block centre 227 over a wire based or wireless connection.
- the virtual track circuit apparatus 229 further comprises a controller 233, such as a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor (DSP) or any other programmable electronic device, capable of executing a computer program.
- the virtual track circuit apparatus 229 is connected to the track circuit inputs 102a-z of the interlocking system 101.
- the track circuit apparatus comprises a database 231 comprising a table of track circuit inputs and associated track circuit position data.
- the database 231 can be any type of memory capable of holding data allowing a translation to be performed from position data to an associated track circuit input.
- the database 231 does not need to be located in the same location as the virtual track circuit apparatus 229; it can equally well be located remotely, as long as the database 231 is accessible to the virtual track circuit apparatus 229.
- the virtual track circuit apparatus 229 can determine if the train position data corresponds to any of the track circuit inputs 102a-z of the interlocking system 101. If there is a match, the virtual track circuit apparatus 229 sends a signal to the matching input of the interlocking system 101.
- the signal to one of the matching track circuit inputs 102a-z of the interlocking system 101 is of a format that corresponds to conventionally connected track circuits, such as track circuits 103a-z of Fig 1 .
- the signal can conform with an interlocking system like ABB MERKUR, using alternating current (AC) and/or direct current (DC) signalling.
- the track circuit inputs 102a-z can have more than one input corresponding to a section 105a-z.
- the virtual track circuit apparatus 229 thus sends a signal in appropriate format for the interlocking system 101 to receive.
- the train 209 is responsible for ensuring it own integrity; the train 209 is not allowed to send its position unless it can guarantee that the train is complete.
- Fig 3 is a flow chart showing a method according to the embodiment of Fig 2 . References will be made to elements of Figs 1 and 2 .
- train position data is received.
- the format of the data can for example be an identity of the last balise that was passed and a distance covered since that balise or longitude and latitude.
- the train position data is first received in the radio block centre 227 via a radio interface 226 from the train.
- the radio block centre 227 converts the position data from the format received from the train to a format that is suitable for the virtual track circuit apparatus 229. Subsequently, the train position data is received by the virtual track circuit apparatus 229 from the radio block centre 227.
- a find matching track circuit input step 343 it is determined whether there are any track circuit inputs matching the train position data. It is to be noted that no actual track circuits need to be present for this determination; it is sufficient if there are track circuit inputs such as 102a-z of Fig 1 and 2 of interlocking system 101 with associated track circuit position data. The determination is performed using the database 231 as explained in conjunction with Fig 2 .
- conditional match step 345 it is determined whether a matching track circuit input was found in the previous step 343. If there was a match, the method proceeds to a send track circuit signal step 347. If there was no match, the method ends.
- a track circuit signal is sent to the matching track circuit input 102a-z of the interlocking system 101.
- the method can be repeated continuously during the operation of the interlocking system 101 and the radio block centre 227.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control By Computers (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates generally to interlocking systems and track circuits for train detection, and more particularly to providing an alternative to track circuits for connection to interlocking systems.
- Conventional rail way interlocking systems use track circuits or axle counters to detect whether a piece of track is occupied by a train. For example, in the next generation of train control called European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS, see http://www.ertms.com/) there are several standardised levels according to which signalling systems can operate. In the most advanced mode called level 3, the train itself is responsible for reporting its position and integrity. Hence there is no need for the track circuits/axle counters. However, implementing level 3 is a large undertaking and requires significant effort, risk and cost.
- Consequently, there is a need to more cost-efficiently remove track circuits connected to an interlocking system.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce the costs involved with track circuits.
- According to the invention there is provided an apparatus comprising: a receiver arranged to receive train position data; and a controller arranged to find a matching track circuit input, selected from a plurality of track circuit inputs of an interlocking system wherein each of the track circuit inputs have associated track circuit position data, which matching track circuit input has associated track circuit position data matching the train position data. The controller is arranged to send a signal to any matching track circuit input of the interlocking system.
- With such an apparatus, the train position data can be used to derive a corresponding track circuit signal. The interlocking system can thereby remain intact when the track circuits are removed, or not installed for new systems, saving cost and reducing risk of any modifications to the interlocking system.
- The apparatus may further comprise a database comprising track circuit inputs and associated track circuit position data.
- The database can for example be a table allowing a translation from train position to corresponding track circuit input.
- The receiver may be arranged to receive train position data from a central train position receiving device.
- A second aspect of the invention is a method comprising the steps of: receiving train position data; find a matching track circuit input, selected from a plurality of track circuit inputs of an interlocking system wherein each of the track circuit inputs have associated track circuit position data, which matching track circuit input has associated track circuit position data matching the train position data; and sending a signal to any matching track circuit input of the interlocking system.
- The finding may include performing a look-up in a database comprising track circuit inputs and associated track circuit position data, using the train position data.
- The receiving train position data may include receiving train position data from a position detector of a train.
- The receiving train position data may include receiving the train position data over radio.
- The method may be repeated.
- A third aspect of the invention is a computer program product comprising software instructions that, when executed in a controller, performs the method according to the second aspect.
- Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a/an/the element, device, component, means, step, etc." are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, device, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.
- The invention is now described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
Fig 1 shows a conventional interlocking system with associated track circuits; -
Fig 2 shows an arrangement where an embodiment of the present invention is applied; and -
Fig 3 is a flow chart showing a method according to the embodiment ofFig 2 . - The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which certain embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the description.
-
Fig 1 shows a conventional interlocking system with associated track circuits.Track circuit 103a is positioned insection 105a ofrail track 107. Thetrack circuit 103a is connected to the two rails of therail track 107. When atrain 109 is present in thesection 105a, an electrical connection is provided using the wheels and axles of the train, between the two rails of thetrack 107. Thetrack circuit 103a can thus detect the presence of thetrain 109 insection 105a. When thetrain 109 is detected by thetrack circuit 103a, a signal is sent to acorresponding input 102a ofinterlocking system 101, where theinput 102a corresponds to thetrack circuit 103a andsection 105a. - Other track circuits 103b-z corresponding to
track sections 105b-z work the same way and have respectivecorresponding inputs 102b-z of theinterlocking system 101. It is to be noted that thetrack circuits 103a-z can use any suitable detection principle, as long as thetrain 109 is detected in acorresponding section 105a-z. - The
interlocking system 101 can thus provide appropriate output signals (not shown), such as light signals, commands to rail switches, operator information/warnings/alerts etc. This enables theinterlocking system 101 to be part of safe and efficient control of a rail network. -
Fig 2 shows an arrangement where an embodiment of the present invention is applied.Sections 105a-z ofrail track 107 are identical to those ofFig 1 . Also, thesections 105a-z have respectivelycorresponding inputs 102a-z of theinterlocking system 101, which is identical to theinterlocking system 101 ofFig 1 . However, there are no track circuits in the arrangement shown inFig 2 . - A train 209 has an on-
board position detector 225. Abalise 221a is positioned between the rails of therail track 107, giving a reference position to the train 209. When the train 209 passes over thebalise 221a, thebalise 221a sends its identity and/or position data to the train, allowing theposition detector 225 to know what balise was just passed.Several balises 221b-z are placed along therail track 107, and all send their identity and/or position data to any train passing over. It is to be noted that the balises do not need to be aligned with thesections 105a-z. As can be seen inFig 2 , the train 209 is not at an exact position of a balise, but using a tachometer or any equivalent device, the position detector can work out adistance 223 which has been covered since the last passedbalise 221a. The position of the train 209 is thus derivable at all parts of thetrack 107. Other or complementary positioning systems can be used, such as using radio beacons and/or GPS, as long as theposition detector 225 can deduce the position of the train 209. - A central train
position receiving device 227, such as aradio block centre 227 as part of a ERTMS system, receives train position data from all trains within its area. The train position data is sent from the train 209 over aradio interface 226, which for example can be GSM-R (GSM for railways). - A virtual
track circuit apparatus 229 comprises areceiver 230 for receivingtrain position data 229 from theradio block centre 227 over a wire based or wireless connection. The virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229 further comprises acontroller 233, such as a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor (DSP) or any other programmable electronic device, capable of executing a computer program. The virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229 is connected to thetrack circuit inputs 102a-z of theinterlocking system 101. The track circuit apparatus comprises adatabase 231 comprising a table of track circuit inputs and associated track circuit position data. Thedatabase 231 can be any type of memory capable of holding data allowing a translation to be performed from position data to an associated track circuit input. It is to be noted that thedatabase 231 does not need to be located in the same location as the virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229; it can equally well be located remotely, as long as thedatabase 231 is accessible to the virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229. By performing a look-up in thedatabase 231, the virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229 can determine if the train position data corresponds to any of thetrack circuit inputs 102a-z of the interlockingsystem 101. If there is a match, the virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229 sends a signal to the matching input of the interlockingsystem 101. - The signal to one of the matching
track circuit inputs 102a-z of the interlockingsystem 101 is of a format that corresponds to conventionally connected track circuits, such astrack circuits 103a-z ofFig 1 . For example the signal can conform with an interlocking system like ABB MERKUR, using alternating current (AC) and/or direct current (DC) signalling. Furthermore, for fail safe operation, thetrack circuit inputs 102a-z can have more than one input corresponding to asection 105a-z. The virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229 thus sends a signal in appropriate format for the interlockingsystem 101 to receive. - It is to be noted that, in this embodiment, the train 209 is responsible for ensuring it own integrity; the train 209 is not allowed to send its position unless it can guarantee that the train is complete.
- Through this arrangement, the need for track circuits is eliminated, while the interlocking
system 101 can be kept with minimal or no modification. Consequently, cost, effort and risk is saved. This not only reduces complexity in a conversion from an existing track circuit based system to a train based position detecting system, it can also reduce cost when new systems are deployed. -
Fig 3 is a flow chart showing a method according to the embodiment ofFig 2 . References will be made to elements ofFigs 1 and2 . - In an initial receive train position data step 341, train position data is received. The format of the data can for example be an identity of the last balise that was passed and a distance covered since that balise or longitude and latitude. The train position data is first received in the
radio block centre 227 via aradio interface 226 from the train. Optionally, theradio block centre 227 converts the position data from the format received from the train to a format that is suitable for the virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229. Subsequently, the train position data is received by the virtualtrack circuit apparatus 229 from theradio block centre 227. - In a find matching track
circuit input step 343, it is determined whether there are any track circuit inputs matching the train position data. It is to be noted that no actual track circuits need to be present for this determination; it is sufficient if there are track circuit inputs such as 102a-z ofFig 1 and2 of interlockingsystem 101 with associated track circuit position data. The determination is performed using thedatabase 231 as explained in conjunction withFig 2 . - In a
conditional match step 345, it is determined whether a matching track circuit input was found in theprevious step 343. If there was a match, the method proceeds to a send trackcircuit signal step 347. If there was no match, the method ends. - In the send track
circuit signal step 347, a track circuit signal is sent to the matchingtrack circuit input 102a-z of the interlockingsystem 101. - The method can be repeated continuously during the operation of the interlocking
system 101 and theradio block centre 227. - It is to be noted that while the present invention has been illustrated embodied in an ERTMS system, the invention is not restricted to this use. The present invention is applicable in any suitable train traffic control system.
- The invention has mainly been described above with reference to a few embodiments. However, as is readily appreciated by a person skilled in the art, other embodiments than the ones disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended patent claims.
Claims (9)
- An apparatus (229) comprising:a receiver (230) arranged to receive train position data; anda controller (233) arranged to find a matching track circuit input, selected from a plurality of track circuit inputs (102a-z) of an interlocking system (101) wherein each of said track circuit inputs (102a-z) have associated track circuit position data, which matching track circuit input has associated track circuit position data matching said train position data;wherein said controller (233) is arranged to send a signal to any matching track circuit input of said interlocking system (101).
- The apparatus (229) according to claim 1, further comprising a database (231) comprising track circuit inputs and associated track circuit position data.
- The apparatus (229) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said receiver is arranged to receive train position data from a central train position receiving device (227).
- A method comprising the steps of:receiving (341) train position data;find (343) a matching track circuit input, selected from a plurality of track circuit inputs (102a-z) of an interlocking system (101) wherein each of said track circuit inputs (102a-z) have associated track circuit position data, which matching track circuit input has associated track circuit position data matching said train position data; and sending (347) a signal to any matching track circuit input of said interlocking system (101).
- The method according to claim 4, wherein said finding includes performing a look-up in a database (231) comprising track circuit inputs and associated track circuit position data, using said train position data.
- The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said receiving train position data includes receiving train position data from a position detector (225) of a train (209).
- The method according to claim 6, wherein said receiving train position data includes receiving said train position data over radio.
- The method according to any one of the previous claims, where the method is repeated.
- A computer program product comprising software instructions that, when executed in a controller, performs the method according to any one of claims 4 to 8.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE602008002709T DE602008002709D1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2008-04-24 | Method, device and computer program product for use in interlockings |
EP08155063A EP2112046B1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2008-04-24 | Method, apparatus and computer program product for use with interlocking systems |
AT08155063T ATE482128T1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2008-04-24 | METHOD, DEVICE AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR USE IN SIGNAL BOXES |
PCT/EP2009/054496 WO2009130152A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2009-04-16 | Method, apparatus and computer program product for use with interlocking systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08155063A EP2112046B1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2008-04-24 | Method, apparatus and computer program product for use with interlocking systems |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2112046A1 true EP2112046A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
EP2112046B1 EP2112046B1 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
Family
ID=39768794
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08155063A Revoked EP2112046B1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2008-04-24 | Method, apparatus and computer program product for use with interlocking systems |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2112046B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE482128T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602008002709D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009130152A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2676860A1 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-25 | General Electric Company | Methods and Systems for Signal Fingerprinting |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10894550B2 (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2021-01-19 | Bnsf Railway Company | Railroad virtual track block system |
DE102013209307A1 (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2014-11-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating an automatic train control system and automatic train control system |
CN107719415B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2019-09-17 | 卡斯柯信号有限公司 | A kind of safe route release device and method based on train authorization |
Citations (5)
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EP0257909A2 (en) * | 1986-08-16 | 1988-03-02 | Westinghouse Brake And Signal Holdings Limited | Communicating vital control signals |
WO2005113315A1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-12-01 | Balfour Beatty Plc | Railway signalling system and interlocking |
DE102005049217A1 (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2007-04-19 | Elpro Gmbh Berlin -Industrieholding- | Relay signal tower remote control method for railway transportation, involves controlling tower from control operating place by secure remote control system such that core of tower is maintained without modifications |
EP1892171A1 (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-02-27 | Alcatel Lucent | Method for operation of an interlocking system and method for operation of a central control station |
EP1905662A2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2008-04-02 | Westinghouse Brake and Signal Holdings Limited | Railway vehicle detection |
-
2008
- 2008-04-24 DE DE602008002709T patent/DE602008002709D1/en active Active
- 2008-04-24 EP EP08155063A patent/EP2112046B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2008-04-24 AT AT08155063T patent/ATE482128T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-04-16 WO PCT/EP2009/054496 patent/WO2009130152A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0257909A2 (en) * | 1986-08-16 | 1988-03-02 | Westinghouse Brake And Signal Holdings Limited | Communicating vital control signals |
EP1905662A2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2008-04-02 | Westinghouse Brake and Signal Holdings Limited | Railway vehicle detection |
WO2005113315A1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-12-01 | Balfour Beatty Plc | Railway signalling system and interlocking |
DE102005049217A1 (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2007-04-19 | Elpro Gmbh Berlin -Industrieholding- | Relay signal tower remote control method for railway transportation, involves controlling tower from control operating place by secure remote control system such that core of tower is maintained without modifications |
EP1892171A1 (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-02-27 | Alcatel Lucent | Method for operation of an interlocking system and method for operation of a central control station |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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LUEBBERS M ET AL: "INTEGRATION VON RELAISSTELLWERKEN IN DIE BEDIENUNG VON BETRIEBSZENTRALEN", SIGNAL + DRAHT, TELZLAFF VERLAG GMBH. DARMSTADT, DE, vol. 99, 1 June 2007 (2007-06-01), pages 13 - 19, XP001541171, ISSN: 0037-4997 * |
MILIUS B: "STELLWERKE VON MORGEN WELCHE ROLLE KANN DAS STELLWERK IN EINEM ETCS-LEVEL-3-SYSTEM NOCH SPIELEN?//INTERLOCKINGS FOR TOMORROW HOW TO INTEGRATE INTERLOCKINGS IN ETCS LEVEL 3 SYSTEMS", ZEVRAIL - GLASERS ANNALEN, GEORG SIEMENS VERLAG, BERLIN, DE, vol. 126, no. 2/03, 1 January 2002 (2002-01-01), pages 106 - 114, XP001145097, ISSN: 1618-8330 * |
NELSON T R: "NEW METHODS TO CONTROL OLD INFRASTRUCTURE", IRSE NEWS, INSTITUTION OF RAILWAY SIGNAL ENGINEERS, GB, no. 92, 1 March 2004 (2004-03-01), pages 4 - 08, XP001246787 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2676860A1 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-25 | General Electric Company | Methods and Systems for Signal Fingerprinting |
US9608742B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2017-03-28 | Alstom Transport Technologies | Methods and systems for signal fingerprinting |
AU2013206087B2 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2017-08-17 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for signal fingerprinting |
AU2013206087C1 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2017-09-14 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for signal fingerprinting |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2112046B1 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
ATE482128T1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
DE602008002709D1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
WO2009130152A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
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