EP2104403B1 - Electronic ballast, lighting device and method for operating same - Google Patents

Electronic ballast, lighting device and method for operating same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2104403B1
EP2104403B1 EP20090003869 EP09003869A EP2104403B1 EP 2104403 B1 EP2104403 B1 EP 2104403B1 EP 20090003869 EP20090003869 EP 20090003869 EP 09003869 A EP09003869 A EP 09003869A EP 2104403 B1 EP2104403 B1 EP 2104403B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
switching
lamp
electronic ballast
switching element
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EP20090003869
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2104403A1 (en
Inventor
Dr. Peter Wiebe
Otto Meyer
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BAG Engineering GmbH
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BAG Engineering GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
    • H05B41/2882—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic ballast for operating at least one designed in particular as a high-pressure discharge lamp lamp having a at least one switching element having converter which is formed by means of alternating switching operations of the at least one switching element for generating a voltage varying in polarity to the lamp and to provide a continuous operation is, and which at least each comprises an inductance and a capacitance, with which a voltage over the voltage applied in continuous operation greater takeover voltage is at least after the ignition of the lamp by an igniter available.
  • the invention also relates to a lighting device with a corresponding ballast and both a method for operating an electronic ballast for providing a takeover voltage and a method for operating a corresponding lighting device.
  • high-pressure discharge lamps are operated with electronic ballasts which have a converter with at least one switching element.
  • the lamp In continuous operation during the lamp firing phase, the lamp is subjected to a low-frequency voltage of, for example, 80 V-150 V, which changes its polarity.
  • An inductive element limits the lamp current and a capacitive element is used, for example, to filter ripple current.
  • To ignite the lamp an ignition voltage in the range of several KV is required. After the ignition process, the transition from a glow discharge phase into the burning phase requires a voltage which is higher than the continuous operation, the so-called take-over voltage.
  • Patent US 6,380,694 B1 describes a driver circuit for a high pressure discharge lamp comprising a first pair of switches connected to a resonant high frequency filter and a second pair of switches connected to a ripple reducing filter, both filters comprising an inductor / capacitor arrangement. To start the lamp, the resonant high-frequency filter is excited resonantly or near the resonance.
  • the ballast according to the invention is designed to reduce the voltage of a desired polarity generated during a first switching operation on the lamp by switching the switching element several times during a second switching operation, this voltage being reduced until a reduced voltage corresponding to the desired voltage increase is achieved and the switching element for generating the mecanicemahmes voltage remains switched on and causes a transfer of the energy stored in the capacitance or the capacitive element in the inductance or the inductive element and by a change of polarity by the constant switching state of the switching element and avoiding a resonance this energy is generated while avoiding resonance over the capacitive element, a voltage overshoot to provide aditeemahmewear to the lamp.
  • the voltage applied to the pole for the change of polarity is thus gradually reduced, which protects the components and simplifies the subsequent change of polarity.
  • the constant switching state of the switching element causes the stored energy in the inductive element or its electromagnetic field is conducted by means of an overshoot back to the capacitance, whereby over this a voltage increase occurs. in combination with the already applied across the poles of the lamp voltage is thus a relation to the Continuous operation of excessive voltage -the over-voltage on the lamp.
  • the lamp pole is preferably centered between inductance and capacitance for this purpose. While at least one lamp inductor is preferably used as the inductive element, the capacitance can be formed by a single or a plurality of capacitors, in particular by the filter capacitors already present in the circuit.
  • the avoidance of resonances and resonance excitations - in particular by a subsequently described subsequent change in the switching state of the switching element leads to a significantly lower component load than in the case of the ballasts known from the prior art.
  • the heat and energy losses associated with the forced application of resonances are eliminated.
  • the at least one preferably designed as a switching transistor switching element during the transfer voltage generation remains in a switching state, so it is open or closed, and does not switch, which in turn is advantageous for the switching element.
  • the components which are required for the continuous operation of the lamp anyway, are used simultaneously for the provision of the transfer voltage. It can therefore be dispensed with additional components.
  • the ballast according to the invention usually comprises at least one comprising a 1C or the like for driving the at least one switching element Control circuitry.
  • At least part of the energy stored in the capacitive element from the preceding switching operation is provided for generating the transfer voltage during the subsequent switching operation.
  • the energy still present in the circuit from a preceding switching operation is at least partially used directly, whereby only little energy loss occurs in the generation of the transfer voltage.
  • the converter for the constant switching state of the switching element is provided with the condition that the current through the inductance is smaller than a predetermined desired value 10.
  • a Lampenpol in switching mode to change the polarity and to reduce the resulting during a first switching operation on the lamp voltage a Lampenpol always as long as a supply branch of a desired potential turned on until the current through the inductive element reaches a maximum value; the voltage drops in the direction of the desired potential value. As soon as the current reaches a set value 10, the switching element switches off and the current continues to drop.
  • the converter of the electronic ballast is designed such that the condition U over ⁇ 10 * (L / C) ⁇ (1/2) holds for the voltage-excess component Uover the voltage.
  • (L / C) ⁇ (1/2) is a characteristic value for the combination of inductance and capacitance and defines a limit condition for the take-up voltage via the setpoint specification. It can also be referred to as a characteristic resistance or characteristic resistance and allows an easy-to-handle condition for U over.
  • the soli value may be variable with time or other parameters for adaptation to temperature or other circuit conditions.
  • the electronic ballast is advantageously provided with a converter with two switching elements, which are particularly preferably connected in a half-bridge topology.
  • the first switching element is decisively provided for the first and the second switching element for the second switching operation.
  • the circuit by the use of two switching transistors is sufficiently flexible to provide not only the continuous operation performance, but also controlled to produce asupportedemahmeschreib even with a relatively simple structure.
  • the electronic ballast preferably comprises an ignition device integrated in the ballast which can ignite during the provision of the transfer voltage.
  • the ignition process is short compared to providing the take-over voltage during and through the overshoot.
  • at least part of the capacity is formed by a capacity of the ignition device.
  • this has a converter with at least one primary coil, which is connected in series with the inductance with a diode, in order to detect the lamp current in a secondary current circuit to be assigned to the current measuring device in a form-accurate, phase and / or amplitude-accurate manner .
  • An accurate current measuring device is advantageous for the circuit, in particular for the times at which the respective switching elements are to be switched.
  • the primary coils are decoupled via a respective diode associated with the primary coils connected in series to the inductance, so that regardless of the direction of the current via the inductor an exact measurement is possible.
  • the object is also achieved by a lighting device which has a preferably designed as a high-pressure discharge lamp and an electronic ballast as described above. Accordingly, the above apply Advantages also for the lighting device.
  • the object is further achieved by a method for operating an electronic ballast for operating at least one particular designed as a high-pressure discharge lamp with a converter having at least one switching element, which by means of alternating switching operations of at least one switching element to produce a changing in polarity on the lamp Voltage and for providing a continuous operation power is formed, and which comprises at least one respective inductance and a capacitance with which a over the voltage applied in continuous operation voltage greater over Uüber at least after the ignition of the lamp is provided by an ignitor.
  • the ballast is designed in particular as described above.
  • the converter is provided with two switching elements, wherein the first switching element is operated during a first and the second switching element during a second switching phase to provide the continuous operation, wherein the voltage applied from the first GmbH Anlagensphase voltage can be reduced by a switching operation of the second switching element, until this switching element remains switched to generate the transfer voltage.
  • the voltage applied above the capacitive element or capacitors, which are preferably designed as capacitors, corresponds to the excessive proportion of the transfer voltage.
  • the method according to the invention is further characterized in that the second switching element is opened again after the provision of the transfer voltage when the current via the inductance after the overshoot is again approximately zero. As a result, a possible settling of the system is effectively prevented.
  • the method described above also serves the operation of a lighting device according to the invention.
  • the ballast according to the invention Fig. 1 shows a lamp LP, which is integrated in a half-bridge circuit. While the right pole of the lamp LP in the figure has a potential in the middle of the two supply branches via the two capacitors C4 and C5, the left pole of the lamp LP in FIG. 2 is connected via two switching transistors S1 and S2, for example MOSFETs designed as a throttle inductive element L1 between the potentials of the two supply branches back and forth.
  • the supply voltage is a DC voltage U0 between the two supply branches of eg 400 V. U0 is preferably generated by rectification of mains voltage and power factor correction.
  • the DC link voltage is reduced via a step-down converter comprising a switching transistor (S1), an inductance L2 formed by means of a choke and a capacitance to the required lamp voltage.
  • the capacitance of the circuit is formed by three filter capacitors C1, C2 and C3 having a total capacitance C1-3, but could be formed in other circuits by another (one or more) number of capacitors.
  • the igniter G1 generates in a manner known per se an ignition voltage, at the same time the capacitor C3 provides for interference suppression of the circuit during ignition. Without the provision of a take-over voltage by a voltage increase at the pick-up point for U1, the lamp would not go into a burning phase after ignition.
  • the left pole in the figure of the lamp LP is (neglecting the igniter) between the inductor L1 and the total capacity.
  • the voltage U1 is gradually reduced by switching S2 in the subsequent switching phase or the subsequent switching operation.
  • S1 remains open during this time.
  • S2 is in this case switched through until the current I1 reaches the predetermined maximum value I0 via the throttle.
  • the current continues to flow through the freewheeling diode associated with S1, further reducing U1. If the current decreases to zero, S2 is closed again and the voltage U1 reduces further.
  • S2 remains switched through and the energy stored in the capacitance is transferred to the reactor or its electromagnetic field, with the exception of slight losses.
  • the transfer voltage is detected, for example, on the basis of the current curve I1 and / or the time course, the device is ignited in the region of maximum transfer voltage and the lamp is provided with a sufficient transfer voltage.
  • the initial switching operation and the subsequent switching operation can also take place in the order S2-S1, so that a positive voltage overshoot is generated. Furthermore, these two switching operations can also be integrated into the first or second switching operation of the lamp LP for the low-frequency DC voltage supply changing in its polarity, so that each time a changeover from a first to a second switching operation, a transfer voltage can be provided. The lamp LP can thus be quickly supplied with a takeover voltage even after a failed start attempt.
  • the Indian FIG. 3 shows the course of the voltage overshoot relative to the current shows the dependence of the voltage overshoot of I0 at a constant L and the total capacity C1-3.
  • L and C1-3 can be adapted to the desired lamp.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät zum Betreiben zumindest einer insbesondere als Hochdruckentladungslampe ausgebildeten Lampe, mit einem zumindest ein Schaltelement aufweisenden Wandler, welcher mittels alternierender Schaltbetriebe des zumindest einen Schaltelements zur Erzeugung einer in ihrer Polarität an der Lampe wechselnden Spannung und zur Bereitstellung einer Dauerbetriebsleistung ausgebildet ist, und welcher wenigstens je eine Induktivität und eine Kapazität umfasst, mit denen eine gegenüber der im Dauerbetrieb anliegenden Spannung größere Übernahmespannung zumindest nach dem Zünden der Lampe durch ein Zündgerät bereitstellbar ist. Ebenfalls betrifft die Erfindung ein Beleuchtungsgerät mit einem entsprechenden Vorschaltgerät sowie sowohl ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts zur Bereitstellung einer Übernahmespannung als auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines entsprechenden Beleuchtungsgeräts.The present invention relates to an electronic ballast for operating at least one designed in particular as a high-pressure discharge lamp lamp having a at least one switching element having converter which is formed by means of alternating switching operations of the at least one switching element for generating a voltage varying in polarity to the lamp and to provide a continuous operation is, and which at least each comprises an inductance and a capacitance, with which a voltage over the voltage applied in continuous operation greater takeover voltage is at least after the ignition of the lamp by an igniter available. The invention also relates to a lighting device with a corresponding ballast and both a method for operating an electronic ballast for providing a takeover voltage and a method for operating a corresponding lighting device.

Insbesondere Hochdruckentladungslampen werden mit elektronischen Vorschaltgeräten betrieben, die einen Wandler mit zumindest einem Schaltelement aufweisen. Im Dauerbetrieb während der Lampenbrennphase liegt an der Lampe eine niederfrequent ihre Polarität wechselnde Spannung von beispielsweise 80 V - 150 V an. Ein induktives Element begrenzt hierbei den Lampenstrom und ein kapazitives Element dient beispielsweise dem Filtern von Rippelstrom. Zur Zündung der Lampe wird eine Zündspannung im Bereich von mehreren KV benötigt. Nach dem Zündvorgang wird für den Übergang aus einer Glimmentladungsphase in die Brennphase eine gegenüber dem Dauerbetrieb erhöhte Spannung, die so genannte Übernahmespannung, benötigt.In particular, high-pressure discharge lamps are operated with electronic ballasts which have a converter with at least one switching element. In continuous operation during the lamp firing phase, the lamp is subjected to a low-frequency voltage of, for example, 80 V-150 V, which changes its polarity. An inductive element limits the lamp current and a capacitive element is used, for example, to filter ripple current. To ignite the lamp an ignition voltage in the range of several KV is required. After the ignition process, the transition from a glow discharge phase into the burning phase requires a voltage which is higher than the continuous operation, the so-called take-over voltage.

Die Bereitstellung einer solchen Spannung ist mit erhöhtem Aufwand verbunden. Bekannt beispielsweise aus der WO 96/38024 ist die Verwendung eines Resonanzschwingkreises, der nach dem Zünden der Lampe durch ein Verschieben der Resonanz anregenden Frequenz eine ausreichend große Spannung für die Übernahmespannung erzeugt. Eine Resonanzanregung geht jedoch immer mit hohen Bauteilbelastungen einher, was die Kosten für einen solchen Wandler und das elektronische Vorschaltgerät in die Höhe treibt. Darüber hinaus können die anregenden oder angeregten Frequenzen in den Bereich der (akustischen) Resonanz der Lampe kommen, was die Lampe beschädigen kann.The provision of such a voltage is associated with increased effort. Known for example from the WO 96/38024 is the use of a resonant circuit, which generates a sufficiently high voltage for the transfer voltage after the ignition of the lamp by shifting the resonance exciting frequency. Resonance excitation, however, is always associated with high component loads, which adds to the cost of such a converter and the electronic ballast. In addition, the exciting or excited frequencies can come within the range of the (acoustic) resonance of the lamp, which can damage the lamp.

Patentschrift US 6,380,694 B1 beschreibt eine Treiberschaltung für eine Hochdruckentladungslampe, umfassend ein erstes, mit einem resonanten Hochfrequenzfilter verbundenen Schalterpaar und ein zweites, mit einem Rippel reduzierenden Filter verbundenen Schalterpaar, wobei beide Filter eine Induktor/Kondensator-Anordnung umfassen. Zum Starten der Lampe wird der resonante Hochfrequenzfilter resonant bzw. nahe der Resonanz angeregt.Patent US 6,380,694 B1 describes a driver circuit for a high pressure discharge lamp comprising a first pair of switches connected to a resonant high frequency filter and a second pair of switches connected to a ripple reducing filter, both filters comprising an inductor / capacitor arrangement. To start the lamp, the resonant high-frequency filter is excited resonantly or near the resonance.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät und ein elektronisches Beleuchtungsgerät zu schaffen, welche eine ausreichend große Übemahmespannung auf andere als im Stand der Technik bekannte Weise erzeugen kann. Ebenfalls ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, entsprechende Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts und eines Beleuchtungsgeräts zu schaffen.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electronic ballast and an electronic lighting device which can generate a sufficiently large Übemahmespannung in other than in the prior art known manner. It is also an object of the present invention, corresponding method for operating an electronic ballast and a lighting device to accomplish.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den auf diese Ansprüche rückbezogenen Unteransprüchen und ergeben sich ebenfalls aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.The object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims to these claims and also result from the following description.

Das erfindungsgemäße Vorschaltgerät ist zur Reduzierung der während eines ersten Schaltbetriebs an der Lampe entstandene Spannung einer gewünschten Polarität durch mehrfaches Schalten des Schaltelements während eines zweiten Schaltbetriebs ausgelegt, wobei diese Spannung solange reduziert wird, bis eine der gewünschten Spannungsüberhöhung entsprechende, reduzierte Spannung erreicht wird und wobei das Schaltelement zur Erzeugung der Übemahmespannung durchgeschaltet bleibt und bei einem Wechsel der Polarität durch den gleich bleibenden Schaltzustand des Schaltelements und unter Vermeidung einer Resonanz eine Überführung der in der Kapazität bzw. dem kapazitiven Element gespeicherten Energie in die Induktivität bzw. das induktive Element bewirkt und durch diese Energie unter Vermeidung einer Resonanz über dem kapazitiven Element eine Spannungsüberhöhung zur Bereitstellung einer Übemahmespannung an der Lampe erzeugt wird.The ballast according to the invention is designed to reduce the voltage of a desired polarity generated during a first switching operation on the lamp by switching the switching element several times during a second switching operation, this voltage being reduced until a reduced voltage corresponding to the desired voltage increase is achieved and the switching element for generating the Übemahmes voltage remains switched on and causes a transfer of the energy stored in the capacitance or the capacitive element in the inductance or the inductive element and by a change of polarity by the constant switching state of the switching element and avoiding a resonance this energy is generated while avoiding resonance over the capacitive element, a voltage overshoot to provide a Übemahmespannung to the lamp.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Gestaltung des Vorschaltgerätes wird die anliegende Spannung am Pol für den Wechsel der Polarität somit schrittweise reduziert, was die Bauteile schont und den nachfolgenden Wechsel der Polarität vereinfacht. Der gleich bleibende Schaltzustand des Schaltelements führt dazu, dass die in dem induktiven Element bzw. dessen elektromagnetischem Feld gespeicherte Energie mittels einer Überschwingung wieder zu der Kapazität geleitet wird, wodurch über diese eine Spannungsüberhöhung entsteht. in Kombination mit der ohnehin über den Polen der Lampe anliegenden Spannung liegt somit eine gegenüber dem Dauerbetrieb überhöhte Spannung -die Übemahmespannung- an der Lampe an. Der Lampenpol liegt hierfür vorzugsweise mittig zwischen Induktivität und Kapazität. Während als induktives Element vorzugsweise zumindest eine Lampendrossel verwendet wird, kann die Kapazität durch eine Ein- oder Mehrzahl von Kondensatoren, insbesondere durch die ohnehin in der Schaltung vorhandenen Filterkondensatoren ausgebildet werden.In the design of the ballast according to the invention, the voltage applied to the pole for the change of polarity is thus gradually reduced, which protects the components and simplifies the subsequent change of polarity. The constant switching state of the switching element causes the stored energy in the inductive element or its electromagnetic field is conducted by means of an overshoot back to the capacitance, whereby over this a voltage increase occurs. in combination with the already applied across the poles of the lamp voltage is thus a relation to the Continuous operation of excessive voltage -the over-voltage on the lamp. The lamp pole is preferably centered between inductance and capacitance for this purpose. While at least one lamp inductor is preferably used as the inductive element, the capacitance can be formed by a single or a plurality of capacitors, in particular by the filter capacitors already present in the circuit.

Die Vermeidung von Resonanzen und Resonanzanregungen - insbesondere durch
eine unten beschriebene nachfolgende Änderung des Schaltzustands des Schaltelements- führt zu einer deutlich niedrigeren Bauteilbelastung als bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Vorschaltgeräten. Die mit der erzwungenen Anlegung von Resonanzen einhergehenden Wärme- und Energieverluste fallen weg. Gleichzeitig verbleibt das zumindest eine vorzugsweise als Schalttransistor ausgebildete Schaltelement während der Übernahmespannungserzeugung in einem Schaltzustand, ist also geöffnet oder geschlossen, und schaltet nicht, was wiederum vorteilhaft für das Schaltelement ist.The avoidance of resonances and resonance excitations - in particular by
a subsequently described subsequent change in the switching state of the switching element leads to a significantly lower component load than in the case of the ballasts known from the prior art. The heat and energy losses associated with the forced application of resonances are eliminated. At the same time, the at least one preferably designed as a switching transistor switching element during the transfer voltage generation remains in a switching state, so it is open or closed, and does not switch, which in turn is advantageous for the switching element.

Die Bauteile, die für den Dauerbetrieb der Lampe ohnehin benötigt werden, werden gleichzeitig für die Bereitstellung der Übernahmespannung verwendet. Es kann daher auf zusätzliche Bauteile verzichtet werden.The components, which are required for the continuous operation of the lamp anyway, are used simultaneously for the provision of the transfer voltage. It can therefore be dispensed with additional components.

Die Schaltbetriebe oder Schaltphasen, über die die Lampenspannung alternierender Polarität erzeugt wird, werden bei der Erfindung während eines Spannungswechsels zur Erzeugung der Übernahmespannung nur geringfügig variiert oder sogar identisch geschaltet, weswegen die Schaltung gut dimensioniert und abgestimmt werden kann. Die Schaltfrequenzen liegen dicht beieinander. Das erfindungsgemäße Vorschaltgerät umfasst für die Ansteuerung des wenigstens einen Schaltelement üblicherweise zumindest eine einen 1C oder dergleichen umfassende Steuerschaltung.The switching operations or switching phases over which the lamp voltage of alternating polarity is generated are only slightly varied in the invention during a voltage change to generate the transfer voltage or even switched identical, so the circuit can be well dimensioned and tuned. The switching frequencies are close together. The ballast according to the invention usually comprises at least one comprising a 1C or the like for driving the at least one switching element Control circuitry.

Vorteilhafterweise ist wenigstens ein Teil der aus dem vorhergehenden Schaltbetrieb in dem kapazitiven Element gespeicherten Energie zur Erzeugung der Übernahmespannung während des anschließenden Schaltbetriebs vorgesehen. Die aus einem vorhergehenden Schaltbetrieb noch in der Schaltung vorhandene Energie wird zumindest teilweise direkt verwendet, wodurch bei der Erzeugung der Übernahmespannung nur wenig Energieverluste anfallen,Advantageously, at least part of the energy stored in the capacitive element from the preceding switching operation is provided for generating the transfer voltage during the subsequent switching operation. The energy still present in the circuit from a preceding switching operation is at least partially used directly, whereby only little energy loss occurs in the generation of the transfer voltage.

In einer weiteren Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Vorschaltgeräts ist der Wandler für den gleich bleibenden Schaltzustand des Schaltelements mit der Bedingung versehen, dass der Strom durch die Induktivität kleiner als ein vorgegebener Sollwert 10 ist. Durch eine solche Vorgabe können die Belastungen der Bauteile weiter reduziert werden.In a further embodiment of the ballast according to the invention, the converter for the constant switching state of the switching element is provided with the condition that the current through the inductance is smaller than a predetermined desired value 10. By such a requirement, the loads on the components can be further reduced.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird im Schaltbetrieb zur Änderung der Polarität und zur Reduzierung der während eines ersten Schaltbetriebs an der Lampe entstandene Spannung ein Lampenpol immer solange mit einem Versorgungsast eines gewünschten Potentials leitend geschaltet, bis der Strom durch das induktive Element einen Maximalwert erreicht; die Spannung sinkt hierbei in Richtung des gewünschten Potentialwerts. Sobald der Strom einen Sollwert 10 erreicht, schaltet das Schaltelement ab und der Strom sinkt weiter.Conveniently, in switching mode to change the polarity and to reduce the resulting during a first switching operation on the lamp voltage a Lampenpol always as long as a supply branch of a desired potential turned on until the current through the inductive element reaches a maximum value; the voltage drops in the direction of the desired potential value. As soon as the current reaches a set value 10, the switching element switches off and the current continues to drop.

Gleichzeitig wird die Spannung weiter reduziert. Wenn der Strom durch die Spule wieder in etwa Null beträgt, schaltet das Schaltelement anschließend wieder durch.At the same time the tension is further reduced. When the current through the coil is again approximately zero, the switching element then switches again.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Wandler des elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts dergestalt ausgebildet, das für die den spannungsüberhöhten Anteil Uüber der Spannung die Bedingung Uüber < 10 * (L/C)^(1/2) gilt. (L/C)^(1/2) ist ein charakteristischer Wert für die Kombination von Induktivität und Kapazität und definiert über die Sollwertvorgabe eine Grenzwertbedingung für die Übemahmespannung. Er kann auch als charakterischer Widerstand oder Kennwiderstand bezeichnet werden und ermöglicht eine einfach zu handhabende Bedingung für Uüber. Der Soliwert kann hierbei zwecks Anpassung an Temperatur oder andere Schaltungsbedingungen mit der Zeit oder anderen Parametern variabel sein.Advantageously, the converter of the electronic ballast is designed such that the condition U over <10 * (L / C) ^ (1/2) holds for the voltage-excess component Uover the voltage. (L / C) ^ (1/2) is a characteristic value for the combination of inductance and capacitance and defines a limit condition for the take-up voltage via the setpoint specification. It can also be referred to as a characteristic resistance or characteristic resistance and allows an easy-to-handle condition for U over. The soli value may be variable with time or other parameters for adaptation to temperature or other circuit conditions.

Weiterhin ist das elektronische Vorschaltgerät vorteilhafterweise mit einem Wandler mit zwei Schaltelementen versehen, die besonders bevorzugt in einer Halbbrückentopologie verschaltet sind. Das erste Schaltelement ist hierbei maßgeblich für den ersten und das zweite Schaltelement für den zweiten Schaltbetrieb vorgesehen. Mittels einer Halbbrücke ist der Betrieb einer Hochdruckentladungslampe mit vergleichsweise wenigen Bauteilen möglich. Gleichzeitig ist die Schaltung durch die Verwendung zweier Schalttransistoren ausreichend flexibel, um auch bei vergleichsweise einfachem Aufbau nicht nur die Dauerbetriebsleistung liefern, sondern ebenfalls kontrolliert eine Übemahmespannung erzeugen zu können.Furthermore, the electronic ballast is advantageously provided with a converter with two switching elements, which are particularly preferably connected in a half-bridge topology. In this case, the first switching element is decisively provided for the first and the second switching element for the second switching operation. By means of a half-bridge, the operation of a high-pressure discharge lamp with comparatively few components is possible. At the same time, the circuit by the use of two switching transistors is sufficiently flexible to provide not only the continuous operation performance, but also controlled to produce a Übemahmespannung even with a relatively simple structure.

Vorzugsweise umfasst das elektronische Vorschaltgerät hierbei eine in das Vorschaltgerät integrierte Zündvorrichtung, die während der Bereitstellung der Übernahmespannung zünden kann. Der Zündvorgang ist kurz im Vergleich zur Bereitstellung der Übernahmespannung während und durch den Überschwinger. In einer besonders kompakten Ausbildung der Erfindung wird zumindest ein Teil der Kapazität durch eine Kapazität der Zündvorrichtung ausgebildet.In this case, the electronic ballast preferably comprises an ignition device integrated in the ballast which can ignite during the provision of the transfer voltage. The ignition process is short compared to providing the take-over voltage during and through the overshoot. In a particularly compact embodiment of the invention, at least part of the capacity is formed by a capacity of the ignition device.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts weist dieses einen Wandler mit zumindest einer Primärspule auf, die mit einer Diode in Serie zu der Induktivität geschaltet ist, um den Lampenstrom in einer der Strommesseinrichtung zuzuordnenden Sekundärschaltung form-, phasen- und/oder amplitudengenau zu erfassen. Eine genaue Strommessvorrichtung ist für die Schaltung insbesondere für die Zeitpunkte, zu denen die jeweiligen Schaltelemente zu schalten sind, vorteilhaft.In a further embodiment according to the invention of an electronic ballast, this has a converter with at least one primary coil, which is connected in series with the inductance with a diode, in order to detect the lamp current in a secondary current circuit to be assigned to the current measuring device in a form-accurate, phase and / or amplitude-accurate manner , An accurate current measuring device is advantageous for the circuit, in particular for the times at which the respective switching elements are to be switched.

Besonders bevorzugt sind die Primärspulen über jeweils eine den Primärspulen zugeordnete Diode entkoppelt seriell zur Induktivität geschaltet, so dass unabhängig von der Richtung des Stroms über die Induktivität eine exakte Messung ermöglicht wird.Particularly preferably, the primary coils are decoupled via a respective diode associated with the primary coils connected in series to the inductance, so that regardless of the direction of the current via the inductor an exact measurement is possible.

Die Aufgabe wird ebenfalls gelöst durch ein Beleuchtungsgerät, welches eine vorzugsweise als Hochdruckentladungslampe ausgebildete Lampe und ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät wie vorbeschrieben aufweist. Entsprechend gelten die vorbeschriebenen Vorteile auch für das Beleuchtungsgerät.The object is also achieved by a lighting device which has a preferably designed as a high-pressure discharge lamp and an electronic ballast as described above. Accordingly, the above apply Advantages also for the lighting device.

Die Aufgabe wird des Weiteren gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts zum Betreiben zumindest einer insbesondere als Hochdruckentladungslampe ausgebildeten Lampe, mit einem zumindest ein Schaltelement aufweisenden Wandler, welcher mittels alternierender Schaltbetriebe des zumindest einen Schaltelements zur Erzeugung einer in ihrer Polarität an der Lampe wechselnden Spannung und zur Bereitstellung einer Dauerbetriebsleistung ausgebildet ist, und welcher wenigstens je eine Induktivität und eine Kapazität umfasst, mit denen eine gegenüber der im Dauerbetrieb anliegenden Spannung größere Übernahmespannung Uüber zumindest nach dem Zünden der Lampe durch ein Zündgerät bereitstellbar ist. Das Vorschaltgerät ist insbesondere wie vorbeschrieben ausgebildet. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass bei einem Wechsel der Polarität durch einen gleich bleibenden Schaltzustand des Schaltelements eine Überführung der in der Kapazität gespeicherten Energie in die Induktivität bewirkt und durch diese Energie unter Vermeidung einer Resonanz über dem kapazitiven Element eine Spannungsüberhöhung zur Bereitstellung einer Übernahmespannung an der Lampe erzeugt wird.The object is further achieved by a method for operating an electronic ballast for operating at least one particular designed as a high-pressure discharge lamp with a converter having at least one switching element, which by means of alternating switching operations of at least one switching element to produce a changing in polarity on the lamp Voltage and for providing a continuous operation power is formed, and which comprises at least one respective inductance and a capacitance with which a over the voltage applied in continuous operation voltage greater over Uüber at least after the ignition of the lamp is provided by an ignitor. The ballast is designed in particular as described above. According to the invention, when the polarity changes due to a constant switching state of the switching element, a transfer of the energy stored in the capacitance into the inductance and through this energy while avoiding a resonance across the capacitive element, a voltage increase for providing a transfer voltage to the lamp is produced.

Die im Zusammenhang mit den erfindungsgemäßen Varianten des elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte stellen ebenfalls Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und etwaiger Weiterbildungen hiervon dar.The method steps described in connection with the variants of the electronic ballast according to the invention also represent features of the method according to the invention and any further developments thereof.

Insbesondere gilt für den spannungsüberhöhten Teil Uüber der Übernahmespannung die Bedingung Uüber < I0 * (L/C)^(1/2), wobei I0 der vorgegebene Sollwert des durch das induktive Element fließenden Stroms und L und C die Werte der Induktivität bzw. der (Gesamt-) Kapazität sind.In particular, applies to the voltage overboost part Uüber the takeover voltage the condition U over <I0 * (L / C) ^ (1/2), where I0 is the predetermined reference value of the current flowing through the inductive element and L and C are the values of the inductance and the (total) capacitance.

Vorzugsweise ist der Wandler mit zwei Schaltelementen versehen, wobei das erste Schaltelement während einer ersten und das zweite Schaltelement während einer zweiten Schaltphase zur Bereitstellung der Dauerbetriebsleistung betrieben wird, wobei die aus der ersten Schaltbetriebsphase anliegende Spannung durch einen Schaltbetrieb des zweiten Schaltelements solange reduziert werden kann, bis dieses Schaltelement zur Erzeugung der Übernahmespannung durchgeschaltet bleibt. Der noch über dem oder den vorzugsweise als Kondensatoren ausgebildeten kapazitiven Elementen anliegende Spannung entspricht dem überhöhten Anteil der Übernahmespannung.Preferably, the converter is provided with two switching elements, wherein the first switching element is operated during a first and the second switching element during a second switching phase to provide the continuous operation, wherein the voltage applied from the first Schaltbetriebsphase voltage can be reduced by a switching operation of the second switching element, until this switching element remains switched to generate the transfer voltage. The voltage applied above the capacitive element or capacitors, which are preferably designed as capacitors, corresponds to the excessive proportion of the transfer voltage.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich weiterhin dadurch aus, dass das zweite Schaltelement nach der Bereitstellung der Übernahmespannung dann wieder geöffnet wird, wenn der Strom über die Induktivität nach dem Überschwinger wieder in etwa Null beträgt. Hierdurch wird ein etwaiges Einschwingen des Systems wirkungsvoll verhindert.
Das vorbeschriebene Verfahren dient ebenfalls dem Betrieb eines erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtungsgeräts.The method according to the invention is further characterized in that the second switching element is opened again after the provision of the transfer voltage when the current via the inductance after the overshoot is again approximately zero. As a result, a possible settling of the system is effectively prevented.
The method described above also serves the operation of a lighting device according to the invention.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung zu entnehmen. In den schematischen Abbildungen der Figuren zeigt:

Fig. 1
Eine vereinfachte Schaltskizze eines erfindungsgemäßen Vorschaltgeräts,
Fig. 2
einen Verlauf des Stroms I1 durch die Drossel und der Spannung U1 bei einer Schaltung gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
die Abhängigkeit der spannungsüberhöhten Anteils der Übernahmespannung vom Strom bei einer Schaltung gemäß Fig. 1.
Further advantages and details of the invention can be taken from the following description of the figures. In the schematic figures of the figures shows:
Fig. 1
A simplified circuit diagram of a ballast according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a course of the current I1 through the inductor and the voltage U1 in a circuit according to Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3
the dependence of the over-voltage of the transfer voltage on the current in a circuit according to Fig. 1 ,

Die nachfolgend beschriebenen technischen Merkmale bzw. Verfahrensschritte können sowohl in Kombination als auch in Alleinstellung mit einem oder mehreren der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele dem erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstand oder Verfahren zum Vorteil gereichen.The technical features or method steps described below can be advantageous for the object or method according to the invention both in combination and in isolation with one or more of the exemplary embodiments described above.

Das erfindungsgemäße Vorschaltgerät gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt eine Lampe LP, die in eine Halbbrückenschaltung integriert ist. Während der in der Fig. rechte Pol der Lampe LP über die beiden Kondensatoren C4 und C5 ein Potential in der Mitte der beiden Versorgungsäste aufweist, wird der in der Fig. linke Pol der Lampe LP über zwei Schalttransistoren S1 und S2, beispielsweise MOSFETs, über das als Drossel ausgebildete induktive Element L1 zwischen den Potentialen der beiden Versorgungsäste hin- und hergeschaltet. Als Versorgungsspannung dient eine Gleichspannung U0 zwischen den beiden Versorgungsästen von z.B. 400 V. U0 wird vorzugsweise durch Gleichrichtung von Netzspannung und Leistungsfaktorkorrektur erzeugt.The ballast according to the invention Fig. 1 shows a lamp LP, which is integrated in a half-bridge circuit. While the right pole of the lamp LP in the figure has a potential in the middle of the two supply branches via the two capacitors C4 and C5, the left pole of the lamp LP in FIG. 2 is connected via two switching transistors S1 and S2, for example MOSFETs designed as a throttle inductive element L1 between the potentials of the two supply branches back and forth. The supply voltage is a DC voltage U0 between the two supply branches of eg 400 V. U0 is preferably generated by rectification of mains voltage and power factor correction.

Zwischen den Polen der Lampe LP liegt eine in ihrer Polarität niederfrequent wechselnde Gleichspannung ULP=U1-U2 in der Größenordnung von beispielsweise 75 V - 200 V an, wobei U2 = (U0)/2 = U0/2.Between the poles of the lamp LP there is a DC voltage ULP = U1-U2 varying in its polarity in the order of, for example, 75 V-200 V, where U2 = (U0) / 2 = U0 / 2.

Die Zwischenkreisspannung wird über einen Tiefsetzsteller aus einem Schalttransistor (S1), einer mittels einer Drossel gebildeten Induktivität L2 und einer Kapazität auf die benötigte Lampenbrennspannung reduziert. Die Kapazität der Schaltung wird durch drei Filterkondensatoren C1, C2 und C3 mit einer Gesamtkapazität C1-3 gebildet, könnte jedoch in anderen Schaltungen auch durch eine andere (Ein- oder Mehr-) Zahl von Kondensatoren gebildet werden.The DC link voltage is reduced via a step-down converter comprising a switching transistor (S1), an inductance L2 formed by means of a choke and a capacitance to the required lamp voltage. The capacitance of the circuit is formed by three filter capacitors C1, C2 and C3 having a total capacitance C1-3, but could be formed in other circuits by another (one or more) number of capacitors.

Der Zünder G1 erzeugt in an sich bekannter Weise eine Zündspannung, wobei gleichzeitig der Kondensator C3 für eine Entstörung der Schaltung während der Zündung sorgt. Ohne die Bereitstellung einer Übernahmespannung durch eine Spannungsüberhöhung an dem Abnahmepunkt für U1 würde die Lampe nach der Zündung nicht in eine Brennphase übertreten. Der in der Figur linke Pol der Lampe LP liegt (unter Vernachlässigung des Zünders) zwischen der Drossel L1 und der Gesamtkapazität.The igniter G1 generates in a manner known per se an ignition voltage, at the same time the capacitor C3 provides for interference suppression of the circuit during ignition. Without the provision of a take-over voltage by a voltage increase at the pick-up point for U1, the lamp would not go into a burning phase after ignition. The left pole in the figure of the lamp LP is (neglecting the igniter) between the inductor L1 and the total capacity.

Für die Erzeugung der Spannungsüberhöhung Uüber, die zusammen mit der weiteren an der Lampe anliegenden Spannung die Übernahmespannung bildet, werden S1 und S2 wie nachfolgend beschrieben geschaltet. Die Spannung U1 und der Strom I1 über die Drossel verlaufen hierbei wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt.For generating the voltage overshoot U over, which forms the transfer voltage together with the other voltage applied to the lamp, S1 and S2 are switched as described below. The voltage U1 and the current I1 via the throttle in this case run as in Fig. 2 shown.

Ausgehend von einer anfänglichen Betriebsphase, in der durch S1 das an dem Abnahmepunkt für U1 anliegende Potential dem des oberen Versorgungsastes entspricht, wird in der anschließenden Schaltphase bzw. dem anschließenden Schaltbetrieb die Spannung U1 durch Schalten von S2 schrittweise reduziert. S1 bleibt währenddessen geöffnet. S2 wird hierbei solange durchgeschaltet, bis der Strom I1 über die Drossel den vorgegebenen Maximalwert I0 erreicht. Nach dem Öffnen von S2 fließt der Strom über die S1 zugeordnete Freilaufdiode weiter, wodurch U1 weiter reduziert wird. Klingt der Strom bis auf Null ab, wird S2 wieder geschlossen und die Spannung U1 reduziert sich weiter. Erreicht der Strom über die Drossel jedoch nicht mehr den Grenzwert 10, bleibt S2 durchgeschaltet und die in der Kapazität gespeicherte Energie wird bis auf geringe Verluste in die Drossel bzw, deren elektromagnetisches Feld überführt. Hierdurch entsteht mit dem einhergehenden Überschwinger an dem Abnahmepunkt von U1 eine Spannungsüberhöhung Uüber, die betragsweise in etwa der Spannung U1 n entspricht. An dem Abnahmepunkt von U1 liegt negatives Potential an, welches sich mit dem nach wie vor positiven Potential der noch nicht gezündeten Lampe zu einer ausreichend hohen Übernahmespannung addiert. Die Übernahmespannung Uüberspg lässt sich durch Uüberspg=U0/2 + Uüber beschreiben.Starting from an initial operating phase, in which the potential applied to the pickup point for U1 by S1 corresponds to that of the upper supply branch, the voltage U1 is gradually reduced by switching S2 in the subsequent switching phase or the subsequent switching operation. S1 remains open during this time. S2 is in this case switched through until the current I1 reaches the predetermined maximum value I0 via the throttle. After opening S2, the current continues to flow through the freewheeling diode associated with S1, further reducing U1. If the current decreases to zero, S2 is closed again and the voltage U1 reduces further. However, when the current through the choke no longer reaches the limit value 10, S2 remains switched through and the energy stored in the capacitance is transferred to the reactor or its electromagnetic field, with the exception of slight losses. This results in the associated overshoot at the pickup point of U1, a voltage overshoot Uüber, the amount corresponds in amount to approximately the voltage U1 n. Negative potential is present at the pickup point of U1, which adds to the still positive potential of the not yet fired lamp to a sufficiently high pickup voltage. The transfer voltage Uüberspg can be described by Uüberspg = U0 / 2 + Uover.

Wird nun die Übernahmespannung beispielsweise aufgrund des Stromverlaufes I1 und/oder des Zeitverlaufs detektiert, wird im Bereich maximaler Übernahmespannung gezündet und der Lampe steht eine ausreichende Übernahmespannung zur Verfügung.If, for example, the transfer voltage is detected, for example, on the basis of the current curve I1 and / or the time course, the device is ignited in the region of maximum transfer voltage and the lamp is provided with a sufficient transfer voltage.

Zum Ende des Überschwingers nach beispielsweise gut 90 Mikrosekunden (Fig. 2) nähert sich der Strom wieder dem Nullwert, wodurch der Transistor wieder geöffnet wird und ein Einschwingen des Systems, insbesondere Resonanzschwingungen vermieden werden.At the end of the overshoot after, say, a good 90 microseconds ( Fig. 2 ), the current approaches zero again, whereby the transistor is opened again and a settling of the system, in particular resonance vibrations are avoided.

Der anfängliche Schaltbetrieb und der nachfolgende Schaltbetrieb kann auch in der Reihenfolge S2 - S1 erfolgen, so dass eine positive Spannungsüberhöhung erzeugt wird. Weiterhin können diese beiden Schaltbetriebe auch in den ersten bzw. zweiten Schaltbetrieb der Lampe LP zur niederfrequent in ihrer Polarität wechselnden Gleichspannungsversorgung eingebunden sein, so dass jedes Mal bei einem Wechsel von einem ersten in einen zweiten Schaltbetrieb eine Übernahmespannung bereitgestellt werden kann. Die Lampe LP kann somit auch nach einem missglückten Startversuch schnell wieder mit einer Übernahmespannung versorgt werden.The initial switching operation and the subsequent switching operation can also take place in the order S2-S1, so that a positive voltage overshoot is generated. Furthermore, these two switching operations can also be integrated into the first or second switching operation of the lamp LP for the low-frequency DC voltage supply changing in its polarity, so that each time a changeover from a first to a second switching operation, a transfer voltage can be provided. The lamp LP can thus be quickly supplied with a takeover voltage even after a failed start attempt.

Der in der Figur 3 gezeigte Verlauf der Spannungsüberhöhung gegenüber dem Strom zeigt, die Abhängigkeit der Spannungsüberhöhung von I0 bei konstantem L und der Gesamtkapazität C1-3. Die zugrunde liegende Funktionsgleichung entspricht der Grenzwertbedingung Uüber(max) = I0 * (L/C1-3)^(1/2). Insbesondere L und C1-3 können hierbei an die gewünschte Lampe angepasst werden. Die maximale Übernahmespannung bzw. der Maximalwert der Spannungsüberhöhung liegt nur in definierten Bereichen an. Bei vorgegebenen Werten von U0 = 420 V, L= 1mH, C1-3 = 50 nF und I0 = 1A ergibt sich ein Maximalwert von Uüber(max) von 141 V. Unter Berücksichtigung von Toleranzen von U0, L und C1-3 wird der Wert des spannungsüberhöhten Anteils vorzugsweise auf einen Wert zwischen dem 0,45-0,95fachen, besonders bevorzugt zwischen dem 0,75-0,85fachen und noch weiter bevorzugt auf ungefähr das 0,8fache des Maximalwerts gesetzt, so dass sich für den spannungsüberhöhten Anteil Uüber = 0,8*Uüber(max) gilt. Mit den vorstehenden Werten würde sich dann die Übernahmespannung zur 21 0V+113V=323 V ergeben. Die minimale Übernahmespannung liegt bei den gewählten Werten für die Lampe bei 280 V, so dass sich aus der vorstehenden Gleichung und der Fig. 3 Sollwerte für den Strom ergeben.The Indian FIG. 3 shows the course of the voltage overshoot relative to the current shows the dependence of the voltage overshoot of I0 at a constant L and the total capacity C1-3. The underlying equation of function corresponds to the limit condition U over (max) = I0 * (L / C1-3) ^ (1/2). In particular, L and C1-3 can be adapted to the desired lamp. The maximum transfer voltage or the maximum value of the voltage overshoot lies only in defined areas. For given values of U0 = 420 V, L = 1mH, C1-3 = 50 nF and I0 = 1A, a maximum value of U over (max) of 141 V results. Taking into account tolerances of U0, L and C1-3, the Value of the over-inflated Is preferably set to a value between 0.45-0.95 times, more preferably between 0.75-0.85 times, and even more preferably about 0.8 times the maximum value, so that for the voltage superposed portion U over = 0 , 8 * Uüber (max) applies. With the above values, the take-over voltage would then become 21 0V + 113V = 323V. The minimum transfer voltage is at the selected values for the lamp at 280 V, so that from the above equation and the Fig. 3 Set values for the current.

Claims (18)

  1. Electronic ballast for operating at least one lamp (LP) particularly constructed as a high pressure discharge lamp, comprising a converter having at least one switching element (S1, S2) which is adapted for producing by means of alternating switching modes of said at least one switching element (S1, S2) a voltage with changing polarity at the lamp (LP) and for providing a continuous power output, and which respectively comprises at least one inductive element (L1) and capacitive element (C1, C2, C3) capable of providing a transfer voltage greater than the voltage applied during the continuous operation, at least after the ignition of the lamp (LP) by means of an ignition device (G1), characterized in that said ballast is adapted in such a manner that a voltage having a first polarity produced at the lamp (LP) during an initial switching mode is reduced during a subsequent switching mode by switching said switching element (S1, S2), wherein said voltage is reduced until obtaining a reduced voltage that corresponds to the desired voltage magnification (Uüber) and said switching element for producing said transfer voltage remains interconnected and at a change of the polarity causes a transfer of the energy stored in the capacitive element (C1, C2, C3) to the inductive element (L1) as a result of the constant switching state of the switching element (S1, S2), and wherein a voltage magnification (Uüber) for providing a transfer voltage at the lamp is produced as a result of said energy while avoiding a resonance across the capacitive element (C1, C2, C3).
  2. Electronic ballast according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one part of the energy stored in the capacitive element (C1, C2, C3) from a first switching mode for providing a continuous power output is provided for producing the transfer voltage in the subsequent switching mode.
  3. Electronic ballast according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the constant switching state of the switching element (S1, S2) said converter includes the condition that the current (11) through the inductive element is smaller than a predetermined nominal value 10.
  4. Electronic ballast according to claim 3, characterized in that the converter is constructed in such a manner that the condition Uüber < 10* (L/C)^(1/2) applies for the voltage-magnified proportion Uüber of the transfer voltage, wherein L is the inductance of the inductive element (L1) and C is the capacitance of the capacitive Element (C1, C2, C3).
  5. Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said converter includes two switching elements (S1, S2), characterized in that said first switching element (S1) is provided for the first and/or initial switching mode and said second switching element (S2) is provided for the second and/or subsequent switching mode.
  6. Electronic ballast according to claim 5, characterized in that said two switching elements (S1, S2) are part of a half-bridge circuit for the operation of the lamp.
  7. Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an additional ignition device (01) integrated in said ballast.
  8. Electronic ballast according to claim 7, characterized in that the ignition device (G1) includes at least a part of the capacity of said capacitive element (C1, C2, C3).
  9. Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said converter comprises at least one primary coil which with a diode is connected in series with said inductive element (L1) for detecting the lamp current in a secondary circuit to be assigned to a current measuring device in a manner true to form, phase and amplitude.
  10. Electronic ballast according to claim 9, characterized in that the primary coils are serially connected with the inductive element (L1) in a manner decoupled via a respective diode assigned to the primary coils.
  11. Lighting device having a lamp (LP) preferably designed as a high pressure discharge lamp, characterized by an electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims.
  12. Process for operating an electronic ballast for at least one lamp (LP) particularly constructed as a high pressure discharge lamp, comprising a converter having at least one switching element (S1, S2) which is adapted for producing by means of alternating switching modes of said at least one switching element (S1, S2) a voltage with changing polarity at the lamp (LP) and for providing a continuous power output, and which respectively comprises at least one inductive element (L1) and capacitive element (C) capable of providing a transfer voltage greater than the voltage applied during the continuous operation, at least after the ignition of the lamp (LP) by means of an ignition device (G), wherein said ballast is particularly constructed according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said ballast is adapted in such a manner that a voltage having a first polarity produced at the lamp (LP) during an initial switching mode is reduced during a subsequent switching mode by switching said switching element (S1, S2), wherein said voltage is reduced until obtaining a reduced voltage that corresponds to the desired voltage magnification (Uüber) and said switching element for producing said transfer voltage remains interconnected and at a change of the polarity causes a transfer of the energy stored in the capacitive element to the inductive element (L1) as a result of the constant switching state of the switching element (S1, S2), and wherein a voltage magnification for providing a transfer voltage at the lamp (LP) is produced as a result of said energy while avoiding a resonance across the capacitive element (C1, C2, C3).
  13. Process according to claim 12, characterized in that said switching element (S1, S2) is interconnected during said constant switching state.
  14. Process according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that for the voltage-magnified proportion Uüber of the transfer voltage the condition < 10 * (L/C)^(1/2) is satisfied, wherein 10 is a predetermined limit value of the current flowing through the inductive element.
  15. Process according to one of the claims 12 to 14, wherein said converter comprises two switching elements (S1, S2), characterized in that for the provision of the continuous power output said first switching element (S1, S2) is operated in a first and said second switching element (S1, S2) in a second switching mode.
  16. Process according to claim 15, characterized in that said two switching elements (S1, S2) are operated as a part of a half-bridge circuit.
  17. Process according to one of the claims 15 or 16, characterized in that after the production of the transfer voltage said second switching element (S2, S1) is opened again if the current across the inductive element (L1) is approximately Zero.
  18. Process for operating a lighting device according to claim 11, characterized in that the electronic ballast of said lighting device is operated according to a process as defined in one of the claims 12 to 17.
EP20090003869 2008-03-19 2009-03-18 Electronic ballast, lighting device and method for operating same Not-in-force EP2104403B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810014996 DE102008014996A1 (en) 2008-03-19 2008-03-19 Electronic ballast, lighting device and method of operation of same

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EP2104403A1 EP2104403A1 (en) 2009-09-23
EP2104403B1 true EP2104403B1 (en) 2013-10-09

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EP20090003869 Not-in-force EP2104403B1 (en) 2008-03-19 2009-03-18 Electronic ballast, lighting device and method for operating same

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DE (1) DE102008014996A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010040449A1 (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Osram Ag Circuit arrangement and method for starting and operating a high-pressure discharge lamp

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4734624A (en) * 1985-07-25 1988-03-29 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Discharge lamp driving circuit
US5677602A (en) 1995-05-26 1997-10-14 Paul; Jon D. High efficiency electronic ballast for high intensity discharge lamps
DE19916878B4 (en) * 1998-09-18 2011-06-22 Tridonic Ag Circuit arrangement and method for operating gas discharge lamps
US6380694B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2002-04-30 Matsushita Electric Works R & D Laboratory Variable structure circuit topology for HID lamp electronic ballasts
JP4087292B2 (en) * 2003-05-26 2008-05-21 三菱電機株式会社 High intensity discharge lamp lighting device and lighting method thereof
DE102005023171A1 (en) * 2004-05-28 2005-12-22 Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp. Lighting device for discharge lamps

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EP2104403A1 (en) 2009-09-23
DE102008014996A1 (en) 2009-09-24

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