EP2100479B1 - Microwave heater - Google Patents
Microwave heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2100479B1 EP2100479B1 EP07856371A EP07856371A EP2100479B1 EP 2100479 B1 EP2100479 B1 EP 2100479B1 EP 07856371 A EP07856371 A EP 07856371A EP 07856371 A EP07856371 A EP 07856371A EP 2100479 B1 EP2100479 B1 EP 2100479B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- microwave
- frequency
- microwaves
- drying
- objects
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/241—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening using microwave heating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
- H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
- H05B2206/046—Microwave drying of wood, ink, food, ceramic, sintering of ceramic, clothes, hair
Definitions
- the invention relates to a micro-roll heating device having the features of the preamble of independent claim 1 and a method for heating of heating material, such.
- Example for drying of ceramic moldings with microwaves, preferably using this drying device, with the features of the preamble of the independent claim. 7
- the energy input to the core of a product is usually associated with conventional drying processes with conventional heat generation for a very long time, since the temperature gradient is slow from the Layer surface spreads into the interior of the product to be dried.
- microwaves have a comparatively high penetration depth for well-insulating products, such as ceramic materials, and also heat the irradiated volume more uniformly through direct coupling.
- microwave dryers are in principle well suited for all drying tasks of materials or moldings with embedded aqueous components or solvents which a Dipolmoment, i. have a high dielectric constant.
- microwave drying are therefore also extensively used industrially for the production process of the soot or diesel particle filters (RPF), which are also required in large quantities, and also known as microparticle filters.
- RPF diesel particle filters
- These large-sized ceramic components with a micro-honeycomb structure and preferably a cylindrical geometry are needed in large numbers in the auto industry. They usually consist of silicon carbide (SiC) or mixed ceramics with a high silicon carbide content.
- SiC silicon carbide
- mixed ceramics with a high silicon carbide content.
- microwave ovens are increasingly gaining in importance because of the aforementioned advantageous properties of microwave radiation.
- continuous-flow drying systems are particularly frequently used for the heat treatment of ceramic materials.
- the drying methods used for various tasks are implemented there by arranging, controlling and parameterizing the various system components.
- the dry material on a belt conveyor is usually transported through several heating zones and the drying time can be regulated by the belt speed.
- microwave generators are arranged, preferably above and below the belt conveyor, by means of which acting in the drying zones antennas microwaves are radiated to the dry matter.
- the dry material such as Microparticle filter body are heated as uniformly as possible in its entire volume on the drying section.
- microwave dryers are often equipped with additional hot air atomizing systems and corresponding suction devices to support the drying process and to remove the resulting vapors.
- the high humidity in the oven should prevent the different degrees of shrinkage, as well as the formation of cracks and wrinkles.
- the high moisture content in this known solution should also lead to undesirably prolonged drying times and increase the necessary heating power for the drying process.
- the frequency of the microwave generators used here should be selected from a frequency range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz.
- This proposed method requires a complex signal processing, and an associated with the monitoring sensors control electronics. It is to be expected that in the operation of the sensors to be monitored and the controls of the microwave generators in such a heat and moisture-contaminated work environments with frequent failures is to be expected. So that in addition to the high plant technical requirements of this solution also doubts about the reliability and functionality of the sensor system (image recognition) are appropriate for longer periods of operation.
- a microwave drying process for synthetic polymers which separates volatile polar vehicles such as water or organic solvents from non-polar materials by passing the respective material through at least one resonator cavity of a pneumatic conveyor.
- the polymer may be passed through a first resonator cavity in which microwaves at a frequency of 915 MHz act on the polymer and through a second resonator cavity in microwaves at a frequency of 2.450 GHz act on the dry matter.
- the different frequencies of the microwave radiation are on the changing, d, h. adjusted decreasing moisture content of the polymer.
- the areas in which the different microwaves act on the material are delimited by screening grids.
- the pneumatic conveyor is suitable for granular or powdery materials which are free-flowing.
- various inorganic materials, such as ceramics are mentioned as dry matter.
- the microwave generators can be provided for the emission of microwaves of different frequencies.
- the radiation of microwaves at frequencies of 2410 and 2450 MHz is proposed to expose these insects to the difference frequency of 40 MHz.
- irradiation with microwaves of 2410 MHz, 2420 MHz, 2420 MHz, 2430 MHz, 2440 MHz and 2450 MHz is proposed.
- one of the described microwave heating devices which may have microwave generators radiating at different microwave frequencies, has been used to cure a fiberglass sailboat mast.
- a microwave continuous furnace which has an elongated working space and a conveyor belt for objects to be treated.
- the objects are exposed to microwaves at different frequencies as they move. This is to keep the absorption of the microwaves constant, which is proportional to the product of the electricity constant, the loss factor and the frequency. Since the dielectric constant and the loss factor with the temperature and the humidity of the object, in the case of a drying operation, an object to be dried must be subjected to microwaves of increasing frequency, while in the case of a heating process, an object to be heated is to be subjected to falling frequencies of microwave frequency in order to adhere the absorption constantly. As an example of an object to be heated meals are given.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a microwave heating method and a microwave heating device, which avoid the disadvantages of prior art methods and tracking devices for heating material in the form of solids and allow as far as possible stress-free uniform drying, in particular in the volume of the ceramic dry material. At the same time, however, the necessary drying times in the drying devices used should also be optimized in order to reduce costs.
- a microwave heating device having the features of independent claim 1 and a method for microwave heating with the features of independent claim 7, which is equipped with one or more microwave generators, which are designed such that the dry matter to be treated at a first microwave frequency of the irradiated by one or more microwave generators and irradiated simultaneously or successively with a second frequency from the lower frequency range of the internationally permissible lower frequency band by one or more microwave generators, the upper frequency band of the International permissible microwave frequencies (ISM frequencies).
- ISM frequencies International permissible microwave frequencies
- microwave generators In all known from the practice microwave drying devices microwave generators are used, which operate at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, ie with the same frequency as the world's popular microwave household appliances.
- This ISM frequency Industrial, Scientific and Medical applications is one of the microwave frequencies permitted worldwide for heating purposes.
- the drying process using this frequency does not provide satisfactory results and is associated with some difficulties, which is caused in particular by the low penetration of the microwaves into the ceramic material. It has been found that the penetration depth is an important measure of the location of the heat development in the volume of the material to be heated. But the size and geometry of the dry material play a crucial role in the formation of the internal temperature profile. According to the fact that the distribution of the internal heat sources in relation to the layer thickness of the material to be heated can be influenced by the microwave frequency used, it is proposed according to the invention to irradiate the dry matter to be heated with one or more different microwave frequencies, preferably equal to or at a high frequency greater 2.45 GHz and a lower frequency equal to or less than 1000 MHz.
- inventive application of these mechanisms in a microwave drying device enable a new more efficient drying process by irradiation of the ceramic dry material by matched microwaves of different frequencies and a process Gestelitze controlled microwave power, which avoids the disadvantages of previously known methods.
- the inventive microwave drying device is equipped with a plurality of microwave generators, which are each technically constructed so that they can radiate different frequencies, preferably from the upper and the lower frequency range on the dry material.
- the proposed drying device for supporting the drying process can advantageously be supplemented and supported by further system components.
- the additional arrangement of a known hot-air atomization system with suction device for supporting the drying process and removal of moisture has proved to be advantageous.
- one or more additional dampening systems in the drying zones of the continuous ovens or drying chambers result in more uniform drying of the workpieces under a controlled steam atmosphere.
- the cracking and deformation on the surface of the ceramic moldings can be minimized and significant quality improvements can be achieved.
- microwave drying devices are known in the prior art in different embodiments for drying ceramic shaped bodies.
- dry goods such as assemblies of sanitary engineering or the particularly important ceramic filter inserts of silicon carbide (SiC) for soot particulate filter of the automotive industry microwave generators are used with a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
- SiC silicon carbide
- the underlying microwave drying device ( Fig. 1 ) initially does not differ fundamentally from known plant concepts and is designed as a continuously operating continuous drying kiln 1 for ceramic shaped bodies with a plurality of microwave generators 3,4.
- Absorber zones 6, 12 are also provided for the dry material inlet and outlet on the drying oven, which are adapted to the type and geometry of the dry material to be introduced.
- the two absorber zones should prevent the escape of microwave radiation into the surroundings of the furnace, but in particular from the furnace entrance area 12 and the exit area 6. In the case of larger-volume products or for higher product throughputs, combined reflection and absorption locks in the entry and exit areas can also be used advantageously.
- the arrangement of several field guides 8 in the ceiling region of the drying chamber 11 is advantageous.
- the dry material is conveyed by means of continuous conveyor belt 7 through the drying chamber 11 of the furnace.
- the drying chamber is constantly supplied with certain quantities of fresh air to remove the moisture arising from the drying process 5, 9 and is sucked off at the outlet 10.
- a chamber furnace 2 is shown.
- the dry material is placed on an arranged in the drying chamber 13 turntable 14 and rotated comparable to domestic microwave ovens during drying.
- the coupling of the present invention different frequencies via the coupling elements 3 and 4.
- the chamber furnace requires a continuous ventilation and exhaust 9, 10 for the removal of moisture.
- ceramic shaped bodies are used as cylindrical filter inserts for microparticle filters.
- Their honeycomb cell structure is particularly sensitive to greater temperature and humidity differences during drying, which can lead to material tensions, cracks or fractures and jeopardizes the usability.
- the microwave generators for generating a higher frequency and the microwave generators for generating a lower frequency are arranged above and below the conveyor belt of the individual drying zones.
- the high-frequency microwave generators operate at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. In this frequency range, the microwaves couple into near-surface areas, which leads to increased heat development in these areas.
- the microwave frequency is increased from 2.45 GHz to 5.8 GHz, in particular by selecting a suitable dielectric, not only does the penetration depth of the Radiation, but also the heating power density directly below the surface of the dry material is increased.
- microwaves from the frequency range of 900 MHz to 1000 MHz have a much greater penetration depth into the ceramic material to be dried.
- the heat input is increased in the inner volume of the dry material, whereby the drying process is accelerated significantly accelerated.
- microwave fields in this lower permissible frequency range increasingly show inhomogeneities in the field distribution, so that in certain cases the arrangement of suitable reflectors in the drying chambers is advantageous.
- the low frequency microwave generators operate at a frequency of 915 MHz and are mounted primarily in the rear of the continuous furnace.
- the penetration depth and thus the microwave frequency used has proved to be an important measure of the geometric distribution (heat sources) of the heat development in the volume of the material to be heated, the size and geometry of the dry material in the formation of the internal temperature profile plays a role to be considered.
- the microwave energy can be used very effectively for the selection of suitable frequencies for particular material geometries and very advantageously for the drying process.
- the present inventive method for microwave drying and the proposed microwave drying device allow a dry treatment of particular large-volume ceramic moldings, which compared to known methods and equipment faster product throughput, thus allowing shorter drying times, and largely stress and crack-free products.
- the microwave heating device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can also be used for heating other materials than ceramics and for purposes other than drying, such as for heating preforms in the manufacture of components made of fiber composite or wood materials or for heat-induced curing, for example. Networking of various substances ,
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
- Electric Ovens (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mikrowollenheizungseinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Erwärmungsgut, wie z. B. zur Trocknung von keramischen Formkörpern mit Mikrowellen, vorzugsweise unter Verwendung dieser Trockeneinrichtung, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 7.The invention relates to a micro-roll heating device having the features of the preamble of independent claim 1 and a method for heating of heating material, such. Example, for drying of ceramic moldings with microwaves, preferably using this drying device, with the features of the preamble of the independent claim. 7
Durch eine zunehmend leistungsfähigere Mikrowellentechnik und die fortschreitende Automatisierung von Steuerungsvorgängen bei der Bestrahlung von keramischen Materialien mit Mikrowellen im Rahmen von industriellen Trocknungseinrichtungen und Prozessen wird diese Technik einem immer breiter werdenden Anwendungsbereich zugänglich. Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Erfindung stehen daher industrielle Trocknungsverfahren und Mikrowellenheizungseinrichtungen zur Behandlung verschiedenartiger, insbesondere keramischer Materialien und mineralischer isolationswerkstoffen,Increasingly efficient microwave technology and the increasing automation of control processes in the irradiation of ceramic materials with microwaves in the context of industrial drying equipment and processes make this technology accessible to an ever wider range of applications. The focus of the present invention are therefore industrial drying methods and microwave heating devices for the treatment of various, in particular ceramic materials and mineral insulating materials,
Die seit längerem bekannten besonderen physikallschen Eigenschaften von Mikrowellen, die Oberfläche eines bestrahlten Objekts zu durchdringen und in das Volumen wärmeerzeugend einzukoppeln, begründen deren bevorzugte Verwendung für der schnellen Erwärmung von Festkörpern oder Flüssigkeiten und deren Verwendung in industriellen Trocknungsprozessen.The well-known particular physicallischen properties of microwaves to penetrate the surface of an irradiated object and heat-couple into the volume, justify their preferred use for the rapid heating of solids or liquids and their use in industrial drying processes.
Die Energieeinbringung bis zum Kern eines Produktes ist bei herkömmlichen Trocknungsverfahren mit konventioneller Wärmeerzeugung gewöhnlich mit einem sehr langen Zeitaufwand verbunden, da sich der Temperaturgradient nur langsam von der Schichtoberfläche in das Innere des zu trocknenden Produkts ausbreitet. Im Gegensatz dazu haben Mikrowellen bei gut isolierenden Produkten, wie keramische Materialien eine vergleichsweise hohe Eindringtiefe und erwärmen das bestrahlte Volumen durch direkte Einkopplung auch gleichmäßiger.The energy input to the core of a product is usually associated with conventional drying processes with conventional heat generation for a very long time, since the temperature gradient is slow from the Layer surface spreads into the interior of the product to be dried. In contrast, microwaves have a comparatively high penetration depth for well-insulating products, such as ceramic materials, and also heat the irradiated volume more uniformly through direct coupling.
Die Gefahr einer Überhitzung der äußeren Oberflächen des zu behandelnden Trockenguts, wie sie bei anderen konventionellen Trocknungsverfahren durchaus besteht und sich der Wärmeeintrag auf die Oberfläche des Trockengutes konzentriert ist hier weitgehend ausgeschlossen.The risk of overheating of the outer surfaces of the dry matter to be treated, as it certainly exists in other conventional drying processes and the heat input is concentrated on the surface of the dry material is largely excluded here.
So sind Mikrowellentrockner prinzipiell gut geeignet für alle Trocknungsaufgaben von Werkstoffen oder Formteilen mit eingelagerten wässrigen Bestandteilen oder auch Lösemittel, welche ein Dipolmoment, d.h. eine hohe Dielektrizitätskonstante aufweisen.So microwave dryers are in principle well suited for all drying tasks of materials or moldings with embedded aqueous components or solvents which a Dipolmoment, i. have a high dielectric constant.
Die Vorteile der Mikrowellentrocknung werden deshalb auch für den Herstellungsprozess der in großen Stückzahlen benötigten Ruß- oder Dieselpartikelfilter (RPF), auch Mikropartikelfilter genannt, industriell umfangreich genutzt. Diese großformatigen keramischen Bauelemente mit mikro-wabenförmiger Struktur und vorzugsweise einer zylindrischen Geometrie werden in der Autoindustrie in großen Stückzahlen benötigt. Sie bestehen meist aus Siliziumkarbit (SiC) oder Mischkeramiken mit einem hohen Siliziumkarbitanteil. Zur Trocknung solcher keramischen Formteile werden Trockenöfen unterschiedlicher Bauarten und mit verschiedenen Heizsystemen (Gas- oder Elektroheizung) eingesetzt. Dabei gewinnen Mikrowellenöfen wegen der genannten vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der Mikrowellenstrahlung zunehmend an Bedeutung.The advantages of microwave drying are therefore also extensively used industrially for the production process of the soot or diesel particle filters (RPF), which are also required in large quantities, and also known as microparticle filters. These large-sized ceramic components with a micro-honeycomb structure and preferably a cylindrical geometry are needed in large numbers in the auto industry. They usually consist of silicon carbide (SiC) or mixed ceramics with a high silicon carbide content. For drying such ceramic molded parts drying ovens of different types and with different heating systems (gas or electric heating) are used. In this case, microwave ovens are increasingly gaining in importance because of the aforementioned advantageous properties of microwave radiation.
Neben den für bestimmte Anwendungszwecke verwendeten Mikrowellen-Kammeröfen für die chargenweise (Stapelverarbeitung) Wärmebehandlung von Trockengütern, werden besonders häufig Durchlauf-Trocknungsanlagen zur Wärmebehandlung von keramischen Materialien verwendet. Die für verschiedene Aufgaben verwendeten Trocknungsverfahren werden dort durch die Anordnung, Steuerung und Parametrierung der verschiedenen Anlagenkomponenten realisiert. In Durchlauföfen wird das Trockengut auf einem Bandförderer meist durch mehrere Heizzonen befördert und die Trockenzeit lässt sich über die Bandgeschwindigkeit regeln. In den Heizzonen sind Mikrowellengeneratoren angeordnet, vorzugsweise oberhalb und unterhalb des Bandförderers, mittels deren in die Trockenzonen hineinwirkenden Antennen Mikrowellen auf das Trockengut abgestrahlt werden. Dabei soll das Trockengut, wie beispielsweise Mikropartikelfilterkörper möglichst gleichmäßig in seinem gesamten Volumen auf der Trockenstrecke erwärmt werden.In addition to the microwave chamber furnaces used for particular applications for the batch (batch) heat treatment of dry goods, continuous-flow drying systems are particularly frequently used for the heat treatment of ceramic materials. The drying methods used for various tasks are implemented there by arranging, controlling and parameterizing the various system components. In continuous ovens, the dry material on a belt conveyor is usually transported through several heating zones and the drying time can be regulated by the belt speed. In the heating zones microwave generators are arranged, preferably above and below the belt conveyor, by means of which acting in the drying zones antennas microwaves are radiated to the dry matter. Here is the dry material, such as Microparticle filter body are heated as uniformly as possible in its entire volume on the drying section.
Weiterhin sind derartige Mikrowellentrockner oft mit zusätzlichen Heißluft-Verdüsungssystemen und entsprechenden Absaugeinrichtungen zur Unterstützung der des Trocknungsprozesses und zur Abführung der entstehenden Dämpfe ausgestattet.Furthermore, such microwave dryers are often equipped with additional hot air atomizing systems and corresponding suction devices to support the drying process and to remove the resulting vapors.
Als weitere zusätzliche Hilfseinrichtung können in unterschiedlichen Bauformen verfügbare Befeuchtungssysteme installiert werden, deren Aufgabe die Herstellung einer kontrollierten Dampfatmosphäre in den Trockenzonen ist. Durch die Befeuchtung wird einer Übertrocknung der Oberfläche entgegengewirkt, was ohne diese Maßnahme leicht zu Oberflächenspannungen und zur Rissbildung bei den empfindlichen keramischen Oberflächen führen kann.As a further additional auxiliary device available humidification systems can be installed in different designs whose task is the production of a controlled steam atmosphere in the drying zones. By moistening the surface is prevented from over-drying, which can easily lead to surface tensions and cracking in the sensitive ceramic surfaces without this measure.
Solche, auch als Hybrid-Trocknungsanlagen bezeichneten Durchlauföfen, können neben Mikrowellen als Wärmequelle auch weitere zusätzliche Heizelemente oder Wärmequellen aufweisen, die elektrisch oder gasbetrieben sein können.Such, also referred to as hybrid drying equipment continuous furnaces, in addition to microwaves as a heat source may also have additional additional heating elements or heat sources, which may be electrically or gas-powered.
Diese in den bekannten industriellen Mikrowellen-Trocknungsanlagen verwendeten Trocknungsverfahren weisen jedoch auch erhebliche Nachteile in der Homogenität der Feldverteilung und der Heizleistungsdichte im Volumen auf. Das hat besonders negative Auswirkungen bezüglich der hier zu betrachtenden großvolumigeren keramischen Formkörper und führt speziell bei Dieselpartikelfilter zu unerwünschten Qualitätseinbußen, wie zur Verringerung der Lebensdauer der Filterkörpern und vermindern deren Filterwirkung, was deren Verwendbarkeit beeinträchtigt.However, these drying methods used in the known industrial microwave drying systems also have considerable disadvantages in the homogeneity of the field distribution and the heating power density in the volume. This has particularly negative effects with respect to the larger-volume ceramic moldings to be considered here and, especially in the case of diesel particulate filters, leads to undesirable quality losses, such as reducing the service life of the filter bodies and reducing their filter effect, which impairs their usability.
Um die in bekannten Mikrowellen-Trocknungseinrichtungen häufig auftretende Risse, Spannungen und Verformungen im Trockengut, also dem Keramikkörper und seiner Oberfläche zu verhindern, ist ein möglichst gleichmäßiger Wärmeeintrag durch die abgestrahlten Mikrowellen in das Volumen des Trockengutes notwendig. Daher wurde versucht dieses Ziel mit den Mitteln einer möglichst gleichmäßigen Feldverteilung des Mikrowellenfeldes über die gesamte Trockenstrecke zu erreichen. Mittels bestimmter Maßnahmen, wie die zusätzliche Anordnung von Reflektoren und spezielle Antennenkonstruktionen sollte die Homogenität und Stabilität des Mikrowellenfeldes verbessert und ein gleichmäßigerer Trocknungsvorgang für die Gesamtheit der eingebrachten Keramikkörper erreicht werden.In order to prevent cracks, stresses and deformations in the dry material, ie the ceramic body and its surface, which frequently occur in known microwave drying devices, the most uniform possible heat input by the radiated microwaves into the volume of the dry material is necessary. Therefore, it was attempted to achieve this goal with the means of a uniform field distribution of the microwave field over the entire drying section. By means of certain measures, such as the additional arrangement of reflectors and special antenna designs, the homogeneity and stability of the microwave field should be improved and a more uniform drying process should be achieved for the entirety of the introduced ceramic bodies.
Auch wurde zur Vermeidung von derartigen Trocknungsfehlern vorgeschlagen, mehrere Mikrowellenreflektoren an vorbestimmten Stellen in den Trocknungskammern oder verteilt in einzelnen Trockenzonen unter bestimmten Abstrahlwinkeln anzuordnen. Dem mit diesen bekannten Maßnahmen einhergehenden, nicht unerheblichen zusätzlichen anlagentechnische Aufwand zur Homogenisierung der Feldverteilung und Fokussierung auf das Trockengut, stehen nur begrenzte Verbesserungen im Trocknungsprozess gegenüber. Aus der
Der hohe Luftfeuchtigkeitsgehalt im Ofen soll die verschieden starken Schrumpfungsvorgänge, sowie die Bildung von Rissen und Runzeln verhindern. Allerdings dürfte der hohe Feuchtigkeitseintrag bei dieser bekannten Lösung auch zu unerwünscht verlängerten Trocknungszeiten führen und die notwendige Heizleistung für den Trockenvorgang erhöhen.The high humidity in the oven should prevent the different degrees of shrinkage, as well as the formation of cracks and wrinkles. However, the high moisture content in this known solution should also lead to undesirably prolonged drying times and increase the necessary heating power for the drying process.
Mit der in der
Dieses vorgeschlagene Verfahren erfordert eine aufwendige Signalverarbeitung, sowie eine mit den Überwachungssensoren verbundenen Steuerelektronik. Dabei ist zu erwarten, dass beim Betrieb der zu überwachenden Sensoren und die Steuerungen der Mikrowellengeneratoren in einer solchen wärme- und feuchtigkeitsbelasteten Arbeitsumgebungen mit häufigen Ausfällen zu rechnen ist. So dass neben dem hohen anlagetechnischen Erfordernissen dieser Lösung auch Zweifel an der Zuverlässigkeit und Funktionstüchtigkeit des Sensorsystems (Bilderkennung) über längere Betriebszeiträume angebracht sind.This proposed method requires a complex signal processing, and an associated with the monitoring sensors control electronics. It is to be expected that in the operation of the sensors to be monitored and the controls of the microwave generators in such a heat and moisture-contaminated work environments with frequent failures is to be expected. So that in addition to the high plant technical requirements of this solution also doubts about the reliability and functionality of the sensor system (image recognition) are appropriate for longer periods of operation.
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aufgabe der vorliegende Erfindung ist es daher, ein Mikrowellenerwärmungsverfahren und eine Mikrowellenheizungseinrichtung vorzuschlagen, welche die Nachteile vorbekannter Verfahren und Tracknungseinrichtungen für Erwärmungsgut in Form von Festkörpern vermeiden und eine weitmöglichst spannungsfrei gleichmäßige Trocknung, insbesondere im Volumen des keramischen Trockenguts ermöglichen. Dabei sollen aber auch die notwendigen Trocknungszeiten In den verwendeten Trocknungseinrichtungen zur Verringerung der Kosten optimiert werden.The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a microwave heating method and a microwave heating device, which avoid the disadvantages of prior art methods and tracking devices for heating material in the form of solids and allow as far as possible stress-free uniform drying, in particular in the volume of the ceramic dry material. At the same time, however, the necessary drying times in the drying devices used should also be optimized in order to reduce costs.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des ersten und sechsten Patentanspruchs gelöst. In den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung angegeben.The object of the invention is achieved by the features of the first and sixth claim. In the respective subclaims further advantageous embodiments of the invention are given.
Erfindungsgemaß werden eine Mikrowellenheizungseinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zur Mikrowellenerwärmung mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 7 angegeben, welche mit ein oder mehreren Mikrowellengeneratoren ausgestattet ist, die derart ausgestaltet sind, dass das zu behandelnde Trockengut mit einer ersten Mikrowellenfrequenz aus dem oberen Frequenzband der International zulässigen Mikrowellenfrequenzen (ISM-Frequenzen) durch ein oder mehrere Mikrowellengeneratoren bestrahlt und gleichzeitig oder nacheinander mit einer zweiten Frequenz aus dem unterem Frequenzbereich des international zulässigen unteren Frequenzbandes durch ein oder mehrere Mikrowellengeneratoren bestrahlt wird. Dabei werden durch die verwendeten Frequenzen aus dem oberen Frequenzbereich geringere Eindringtiefen, aber eine gleichmäßigeren Feldverteilung der Mikrowellen realisiert und durch die verwendeten Bestrahlungsfrequenzen aus dem unteren Frequenzbereich wird eine höhere Eindringtiefe und eine bessere Einkopplung in die tieferen Schichten des Volumens realisiert.According to the invention, a microwave heating device having the features of independent claim 1 and a method for microwave heating with the features of
Bei allen aus der Praxis bekannten Mikrowellen-Trockeneinrichtungen werden Mikrowellengeneratoren eingesetzt, die mit einer Frequenz von 2,45 GHz arbeiten, also mit der gleichen Frequenz wie die welt verbreiteten Mikrowellenhaushaltsgeräte. Diese ISM-Frequenz (Industrial, Scientific and Medical applications) ist eine der weltweit für Erwärmungszwecke zugelassenen Mikrowellenfrequenzen.In all known from the practice microwave drying devices microwave generators are used, which operate at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, ie with the same frequency as the world's popular microwave household appliances. This ISM frequency (Industrial, Scientific and Medical applications) is one of the microwave frequencies permitted worldwide for heating purposes.
Wie beschrieben, liefert der Trocknungsprozess bei Anwendung dieser Frequenz keine befriedigenden Ergebnisse und ist mit einigen Schwierigkeiten verbunden, was insbesondere durch die geringe Eindringtiefe der Mikrowellen in den keramischen Werkstoff verursacht wird. Es wurde gefunden, dass die Eindringtiefe ein wichtiges Maß für den Ort der Wärmeentwicklung im Volumen des zu erwärmenden Materials ist. Aber auch die Größe und die Geometrie des Trockengutes spielen bei der Ausbildung des inneren Temperaturprofils eine entscheidende Rolle. Gemäß der Tatsache, dass die Verteilung der inneren Wärmequellen im Bezug auf die Schichtdicke des zu erwärmenden Materials durch die verwendete Mikrowellenfrequenz beeinflussbar ist, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, dass zu erwärmende Trockengut mit einer oder mehreren unterschiedlichen Mikrowellenfrequenzen zu bestrahlen, vorzugsweise mit einer hohen Frequenz gleich oder größer 2,45 GHz und einer niedrigeren Frequenz gleich oder kleiner 1000 MHz. Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von Mikrowellenstrahlung beim Einkoppeln in Festkörper haben ergeben, dass sich die Eindringtiefe der Mikrowellenstrahlung entgegengesetzt proportional zu steigenden Frequenzen hin ändert. Also je höher die Frequenz der verwendeten Strahlung, desto geringer die Eindringtiefe. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde weiterhin gefunden, dass sich die Wärmeerzeugung im Trockengut um so stärker innerhalb des Oberflächenbereichs konzentriert, je höher die Frequenz der verwendeten Mikrowellenstrahlung, bei gleichen dielektrischen Eigenschaften des Trockengutes ist.As described, the drying process using this frequency does not provide satisfactory results and is associated with some difficulties, which is caused in particular by the low penetration of the microwaves into the ceramic material. It has been found that the penetration depth is an important measure of the location of the heat development in the volume of the material to be heated. But the size and geometry of the dry material play a crucial role in the formation of the internal temperature profile. According to the fact that the distribution of the internal heat sources in relation to the layer thickness of the material to be heated can be influenced by the microwave frequency used, it is proposed according to the invention to irradiate the dry matter to be heated with one or more different microwave frequencies, preferably equal to or at a high frequency greater 2.45 GHz and a lower frequency equal to or less than 1000 MHz. Investigations on the behavior of microwave radiation when coupled in solid state have shown that the penetration depth of the microwave radiation changes inversely proportional to increasing frequencies. So the higher the frequency of the radiation used, the lower the penetration depth. In this context, it has furthermore been found that the heat generation in the dry material concentrates more strongly within the surface area, the higher the frequency of the microwave radiation used, with the same dielectric properties of the dry material.
Insbesondere die erfinderische Anwendung dieser Mechanismen in einer Mikrowellen-Trocknungseinrichtung ermöglichen ein neues wirksameres Trocknungsverfahren mittels Bestrahlung des keramischen Trockengutes durch aufeinander abgestimmte Mikrowellen unterschiedlicher Frequenzen und einer verfahrensgestegesteuerten Mikrowellenleistungen, welches die Nachteile bisher bekannter Verfahren vermeidet.In particular, the inventive application of these mechanisms in a microwave drying device enable a new more efficient drying process by irradiation of the ceramic dry material by matched microwaves of different frequencies and a process Gestegesteuerte controlled microwave power, which avoids the disadvantages of previously known methods.
Die erfinderische Mikrowellen-Trocknungseinrichtung ist mit mehreren Mikrowellengeneratoren ausgestattet, welche jeweils technisch derart aufgebaut sind, dass sie verschiedene Frequenzen, vorzugsweise aus dem oberen und dem unteren Frequenzbereich auf das Trockengut abstrahlen können.The inventive microwave drying device is equipped with a plurality of microwave generators, which are each technically constructed so that they can radiate different frequencies, preferably from the upper and the lower frequency range on the dry material.
Dabei kann die vorgeschlagene Trocknungseinrichtung zur Unterstützung des Trocknungsprozesses vorteilhaft durch weitere Anlagenkomponenten ergänzt und unterstützt werden. So hat sich die zusätzliche Anordnung eines an sich bekannten Heißluft-Verdüsungssystem mit Absaugeinrichtung zur Unterstützung des Trockenvorgangs und Abführung der Feuchtigkeit als vorteilhaft erwiesen.In this case, the proposed drying device for supporting the drying process can advantageously be supplemented and supported by further system components. Thus, the additional arrangement of a known hot-air atomization system with suction device for supporting the drying process and removal of moisture has proved to be advantageous.
Andererseits führen ein oder mehrere zusätzliche Befeuchtungssysteme in den Trockenzonen der Durchlauföfen oder Trockenkammern zu einer gleichmäßigeren Trocknung der Werkstücke unter einer kontrollierten Dampfatmosphäre. So können insbesondere die Rissbildung und Verformung auf der Oberfläche der keramischen Formteile minimiert und erhebliche Qualitätsverbesserungen erzielt werden.On the other hand, one or more additional dampening systems in the drying zones of the continuous ovens or drying chambers result in more uniform drying of the workpieces under a controlled steam atmosphere. In particular, the cracking and deformation on the surface of the ceramic moldings can be minimized and significant quality improvements can be achieved.
In der realen Konstruktion eines Mikrowellen-Trockenofens ist auch immer die allseitige Bestrahlung des Trockengutes so weit wie möglich vorzusehen, sowie die im Ofenraum auftretenden Reflexion der Mikrowellen zu berücksichtigen. Bei Anordnung mehrer Mikrowellengeneratoren bildet sich oft ein komplexes Mikrowellenfeld heraus, welches das Wärmgut umgibt, das aber ohne besondere Maßnahmen sehr inhomogen verteilt ist. Dies beruht auf der Natur der Mikrowellenstrahlung und der speziellen Form und Ausgestaltung des Ofenraums, der als Mikrowellen-Resonator wirkt.In the real construction of a microwave drying oven, the all-round irradiation of the drying material must always be provided as far as possible, and the reflection of the microwaves occurring in the oven space must be taken into account. In the arrangement of multiple microwave generators often forms a complex microwave field out, which surrounds the Wärmgut, which is very inhomogeneous distributed without special measures. This is due to the nature of the microwave radiation and the special shape and design of the furnace chamber, which acts as a microwave resonator.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen. Die in der Beschreibungseinleitung genannten Vorteile von Merkmalen und von Kombinationen mehrerer Merkmale sind lediglich beispielhaft und können alternativ oder kumulativ zur Wirkung kommen, ohne dass die Vorteile zwingend von erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen erzielt werden müssen. Weitere Merkmale sind den Zeichnungen - insbesondere den dargestellten Geometrien und den relativen Abmessungen mehrerer Bauteile zueinander sowie deren relativer Anordnung und Wirkverbindung - zu entnehmen. Die Kombination von Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen der Erfindung oder von Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Patentansprüche ist ebenfalls abweichend von den gewählten Rückbeziehungen der Patentansprüche möglich und wird hiermit angeregt. Dies betrifft auch solche Merkmale, die in separaten Zeichnungen dargestellt sind oder bei deren Beschreibung genannt werden. Diese Merkmale können auch mit Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Patentansprüche kombiniert werden. Ebenso können in den Patentansprüchen aufgeführte Merkmale für weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung entfallen.Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the description and the drawings. The advantages of features and of combinations of several features mentioned in the introduction to the description are merely exemplary and can come into effect alternatively or cumulatively, without the advantages having to be achieved by embodiments according to the invention. Further features are the drawings - in particular the illustrated geometries and the relative dimensions of several components to each other and their relative arrangement and operative connection - refer. The combination of features of different embodiments of the invention or of features of different claims is also possible deviating from the chosen relationships of the claims and is hereby stimulated. This also applies to those features which are shown in separate drawings or are mentioned in their description. These features can also be combined with features of different claims. Likewise, in the claims listed features for further embodiments of the invention can be omitted.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand eines konkreten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to a concrete embodiment.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- den erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenofen als Durchlauf-Trockenofen 1
- Fig. 2
- den erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenofen,
welcher als Kammerofen 2 ausgebil- det ist.
- Fig. 1
- the microwave oven according to the invention as a continuous drying oven. 1
- Fig. 2
- the microwave oven according to the invention, which is designed as a
chamber furnace 2.
Wie schon angegeben sind aus dem Stand der Technik sind zahlreiche Mikrowellen-Trocknungseinrichtungen in unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungen zur Trocknung von keramischen Formkörpern bekannt. Speziell bei geometrisch größeren Trockengütern, wie Baugruppen der Sanitärtechnik oder den besonders wichtigen keramischen Filtereinsätzen aus Siliziumcarbid (SiC) für Russpartikelfilter der Automobilindustrie werden Mikrowellengeneratoren mit einer Frequenz von 2,45 GHz verwendet. Dabei wird versucht, die durch partielle Überhitzung von Oberflächenbereichen und der Ausbildung ungleichmäßiger Wärmegradienten im Volumen entstehenden Qualitätsmängel (Rissbildung und Verformungen usw.) des Trockenguts durch die schon beschrieben Maßnahmen zu bekämpfen.As already stated, numerous microwave drying devices are known in the prior art in different embodiments for drying ceramic shaped bodies. Especially in geometrically larger dry goods, such as assemblies of sanitary engineering or the particularly important ceramic filter inserts of silicon carbide (SiC) for soot particulate filter of the automotive industry microwave generators are used with a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Attempts are made to combat the quality deficiencies (crack formation and deformations, etc.) of the dry material resulting from partial overheating of surface areas and the formation of uneven thermal gradients in the volume by the measures already described.
Auch die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zugrunde gelegte Mikrowellen-Trockeneinrichtung (
Die Einkopplung der hoch- und niederfrequenten Mikrowellen erfolgt über mehrere in die Decke und den Bodenbereich der Trockenkammern eingelassene Einkoppelelemente 3 und 4, beispielsweise auf die Abgabefrequenz abgestimmte Schlitzantennen, so dass vorzugsweise eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Mikrowellen (auch bei Stufenbetrieb) gewährleistet ist.The coupling of the high and low frequency microwaves via several in the ceiling and the bottom of the drying chambers Einkoppelelemente 3 and 4, for example, adapted to the output frequency slot antennas, so that preferably a uniform distribution of the microwaves (even in step mode) is guaranteed.
Um eine besonders gleichmäßige Mikrowellenfeldverteilung zu erreichen, ist die Anordnung von mehreren Feldführern 8 im Deckenbereich der Trockenkammer 11 vorteilhaft.In order to achieve a particularly uniform microwave field distribution, the arrangement of
Wie in
In
Als großvolumiges Trockengut werden keramische Formkörper als zylinderförmige Filtereinsätze für Mikropartikelfilter verwendet. Deren wabenförmige Zellenstruktur ist gegenüber größeren Temperatur und Feuchtigkeitsunterschieden während der Trocknung besonders empfindlich, was zu Materialspannungen, Rissen oder Brüchen führen kann und die Verwendbarkeit gefährdet. Die Mikrowellengeneratoren zur Erzeugung einer höheren Frequenz und die Mikrowellengeneratoren zur Erzeugung einer niedrigeren Frequenz sind oberhalb und unterhalb des Transportbandes der einzelnen Trockenzonen angeordnet.As a large-volume dry material, ceramic shaped bodies are used as cylindrical filter inserts for microparticle filters. Their honeycomb cell structure is particularly sensitive to greater temperature and humidity differences during drying, which can lead to material tensions, cracks or fractures and jeopardizes the usability. The microwave generators for generating a higher frequency and the microwave generators for generating a lower frequency are arranged above and below the conveyor belt of the individual drying zones.
Die Hochfrequenz-Mikrowellengeneratoren arbeiten mit einer Frequenz von 2,45 GHz. In diesem Frequenzbereich koppeln die Mikrowellen in oberflächennahe Bereiche ein, was zu einer verstärkten Wärmeentwicklung in diesen Bereichen führt.The high-frequency microwave generators operate at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. In this frequency range, the microwaves couple into near-surface areas, which leads to increased heat development in these areas.
Wird beispielsweise die Mikrowellenfrequenz insbesondere durch Auswahl eines geeigneten Dielektrikums von 2,45 GHz auf 5,8 GHz erhöht verringert sich nicht nur die Eindringtiefe der Strahlung, sondern auch die Heizleistungsdichte direkt unter der Oberfläche des Trockengutes wird erhöht.If, for example, the microwave frequency is increased from 2.45 GHz to 5.8 GHz, in particular by selecting a suitable dielectric, not only does the penetration depth of the Radiation, but also the heating power density directly below the surface of the dry material is increased.
Umgekehrt ist festzustellen, dass insbesondere Mikrowellen aus dem Frequenzbereich von 900 MHz bis 1000 MHz eine weitaus höhere Eindringtiefe in das zu trocknende keramische Material haben. Dadurch wird der Wärmeeintrag in das innere Volumen des Trockengutes gesteigert, wodurch der Trocknungsprozess beschleunigt signifikant beschleunigt wird.Conversely, it should be noted that in particular microwaves from the frequency range of 900 MHz to 1000 MHz have a much greater penetration depth into the ceramic material to be dried. As a result, the heat input is increased in the inner volume of the dry material, whereby the drying process is accelerated significantly accelerated.
Allerdings zeigen Mikrowellenfelder in diesem unteren zulässigen Frequenzbereich verstärkt Inhomogenitäten in der Feldverteilung, so dass in bestimmten Fällen die Anordnung von geeigneten Reflektoren in den Trockenkammern vorteilhaft ist.However, microwave fields in this lower permissible frequency range increasingly show inhomogeneities in the field distribution, so that in certain cases the arrangement of suitable reflectors in the drying chambers is advantageous.
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel arbeiten die Niedrigfrequenz-Mikrowellengeneratoren mit einer Frequenz von 915 MHz und sind vorwiegend im hinteren Teil des Durchlaufofens angebracht.In this embodiment, the low frequency microwave generators operate at a frequency of 915 MHz and are mounted primarily in the rear of the continuous furnace.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Anwendung der beiden unterschiedlichen Frequenzen von 2,45 GHz und 915 MHz werden jeweils unterschiedliche Eindringtiefen der einkoppelnden Mikrowellen an den zu trocknenden keramischen Formkörpern realisiert. Die dadurch sowohl im oberflächennahen Bereich, als auch im Volumen des als keramischer Wabenfilter ausgebildeten Trockengutes erzielte Heizleistungsdichte sorgt für einen wesentlich gleichmäßigeren Temperaturgradienten und dadurch auch für einen kontinuierlichen schnelleren und spannungsfreien Trocknungsprozess.In the combined use of the two different frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz according to the invention, in each case different penetration depths of the microwaves coupling in to the ceramic shaped bodies to be dried are realized. The heating power density achieved both in the near-surface region and in the volume of the dry honeycomb formed as a ceramic honeycomb filter thus ensures a substantially more uniform temperature gradient and thereby also for a continuous, faster and stress-free drying process.
Da sich die Eindringtiefe und damit die verwendete Mikrowellenfrequenz als ein wichtiges Maß für die geometrische Verteilung (Wärmequellen) der Wärmeentwicklung im Volumen des zu erwärmenden Materials erwiesen hat, spielt auch die Größe und Geometrie des Trockengutes bei der Ausbildung des inneren Temperaturprofils eine zu berücksichtigende Rolle.Since the penetration depth and thus the microwave frequency used has proved to be an important measure of the geometric distribution (heat sources) of the heat development in the volume of the material to be heated, the size and geometry of the dry material in the formation of the internal temperature profile plays a role to be considered.
Erfindungsgemäß kann also die Mikrowellenenergie durch die Auswahl geeigneter Frequenzen für bestimmte Materialgeometrien sehr wirksam und für den Trocknungsprozess sehr vorteilhaft genutzt werden.According to the invention, therefore, the microwave energy can be used very effectively for the selection of suitable frequencies for particular material geometries and very advantageously for the drying process.
In Verbindung mit weiteren technologischen Maßnahmen, wie einem variablem Druckniveau der in den Trockenzonen herrschenden Atmosphäre können selbst schwierige Trocknungsaufgaben schonend und bei relativ geringen Temperaturen durchgeführt werden.In conjunction with other technological measures, such as a variable pressure level of the atmosphere prevailing in the drying zones even difficult drying tasks can be carried out gently and at relatively low temperatures.
Da sich mit der erfinderischen Mikrowellentrockentechnik spezielle Mikrowellenfelder mit einer recht hohen Energiedichten erzielen lassen, ist insbesondere die Konstruktion von Platz sparenden kompakten Trocknungseinrichtungen möglich.Since it is possible with the inventive microwave drying technique special microwave fields with a fairly high energy densities, in particular the construction of space-saving compact drying facilities is possible.
Mit diesem Multifrequenzverfahren werden alle Produktschichten, auch die tiefer liegenden Bereiche unmittelbar und sofort mit der gleichen oder auf den Trocknungsverlauf abgestimmter Mikrowellenenergiemenge beaufschlagt. Dies hat bei den zu trocknenden keramischen Produkten insbesondere den Vorteil, dass das Produkt selbst chemisch und physikalisch homogener und in seiner Struktur erhalten bleibt.With this multifrequency method, all product layers, even the deeper areas, are immediately and immediately exposed to the same or the amount of microwave energy matched to the drying process. This has the particular advantage of the ceramic products to be dried that the product itself is chemically and physically homogeneous and retained in its structure.
Das vorliegende erfinderische Verfahren zur Mikrowellentrocknung und die vorgeschlagene Mikrowellen-Trocknungseinrichtung erlauben eine Trockenbehandlung von insbesondere großvolumigen keramischen Formkörpern, welche gegenüber bekannten Verfahren und Anlagen einen schnelleren Produktdurchsatz, also kürzere Trocknungszeiten ermöglicht, sowie weitgehend spannungs- und rissfreie Produkte erzielt.The present inventive method for microwave drying and the proposed microwave drying device allow a dry treatment of particular large-volume ceramic moldings, which compared to known methods and equipment faster product throughput, thus allowing shorter drying times, and largely stress and crack-free products.
Auch Verformungen an der Oberfläche oder andere Unebenheiten und Qualitätsmängel des keramischen Trockengutes werden durch die erfinderische Mikrowellen-Multifrequenzbehandlung im Trocknungsprozess vermieden, was ebenfalls zu erheblichen Kosteneinsparungen führt.Deformations on the surface or other unevenness and quality defects of the ceramic dry product are avoided by the inventive microwave multi-frequency treatment in the drying process, which also leads to significant cost savings.
Die erfindungsgemäße Mikrowellenerwärmungseinrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sind auch zur Erwärmung anderer Materialien als Keramiken und zu anderen zwecken als zur Trocknung einsetzbar, wie bspw. zum Erwärmen von Vorformen bei der Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Faserverbund- oder Holzwerkstoffen oder zur wärmeinduzierten Aushärtung bspw. Vernetzung verschiedenster Substanzen.The microwave heating device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can also be used for heating other materials than ceramics and for purposes other than drying, such as for heating preforms in the manufacture of components made of fiber composite or wood materials or for heat-induced curing, for example. Networking of various substances ,
- 11
- Mikrowellen-Trockenofen als Durchlaufofen ausgebildetMicrowave oven designed as a continuous furnace
- 22
- Mikrowellen-Trockenofen als Kammerofen ausgebildetMicrowave drying oven designed as a chamber furnace
- 33
- Mikrowelleneinkopplung 2,45 FH, EinkoppelelementMicrowave coupling 2.45 FH, coupling element
- 44
- Mikrowelleneinkopplung 915 MHz, EinkoppelelementMicrowave coupling 915 MHz, coupling element
- 55
- Zuluft/Umluft für den Heißluft/MischbetriebSupply air / circulating air for hot air / mixed operation
- 66
- Absorberzone zur Verhinderung der Mikrowellen-LeckstrahlungAbsorber zone to prevent microwave leakage radiation
- 77
- Förderband (einfach oder reversibel)Conveyor belt (single or reversible)
- 88th
- Feldführer für MikrowellenField leader for microwaves
- 99
- Zuluft-ZuführungSupply air supply
- 1010
- Abluft-ZuführungAir supply
- 1111
- Mikrowellentrockenkammer des DurchlaufofensMicrowave drying chamber of the continuous furnace
- 1212
- Absorberzoneabsorber zone
- 1313
- Mikrowellentrockenkammer des Kammerofens aus Metall beliebiger FormMicrowave drying chamber of the chamber furnace made of metal of any shape
- 1414
- Drehteller mit TrockengutTurntable with dry goods
Claims (13)
- Microwave heater having a microwave tunnel furnace (1) or a microwave chamber furnace (2) accomodating objects to be heated in the form of solid bodies, and a plurality of microwave generators for emitting microwaves at a frequency of 300 MHz to 5.8 GHz and for coupling the microwaves into the objects to be heated in the microwave tunnel furnace (1) or microwave chamber furnace (2), characterized in that one or several of the microwave generators are designed for emitting microwaves at a first frequency out of an upper microwave frequency range above 1 GHz, where the penetration depth into the objects to be heated is lower, and one or several microwave generators are designed for emitting microwaves at a second frequency out of a lower microwave frequency range not exceeding 1 GHz, where the penetration depth into the objects to be heated is higher.
- Microwave heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the first frequency out of the upper microwave frequency range is in a range from 2.45 to 5.8 GHz, and that the second frequency out of the lower microwave frequency range is in a range from 900 MHz to 1000 MHz.
- Microwave heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the microwave generators couple-into both the microwaves at the first frequency and the microwaves at the second frequency in a drying chamber (11, 13) of the tunnel furnace (1) or the microwave chamber furnace (2).
- Microwave heater according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is designed as a microwave tunnel furnace (1) having one or several drying modules.
- Microwave heater according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the microwave furnace is designed as a microwave hybrid furnace which has an additional hot air spray system with exhaust device and/or at least one humidifying system for providing a controlled vapour atmosphere for supporting the multi frequency microwave drying and for better removing of the vapours occurring.
- Microwave heater according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one or several additional heating devices of conventional construction are arranged as support and supplement, which are preferably made as gas heater and/or electrically driven heating elements.
- Method of heating objects to be heated in form of large volume solid bodies by treatment with microwaves out of a frequency range of the worldwide permitted ISM-frequencies for heating purposes from 300 MHz to 5.8 GHz, characterized in that the objects to be heated are treated with microwaves of a first frequency out of an upper frequency range from 2.45 to 5.8 GHz for a certain period of time, and simultaneously or successively with microwaves of a second frequency out of a lower microwave frequency range of 900 MHz to 1000 MHZ for a certain period of time, for realizing different penetration depths into the objects to be heated.
- Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the objects to be treated include shaped bodies in the field of technical ceramics.
- Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the objects to be treated include ceramic structures or filter bodies for sooty or diesel particle filters.
- Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the ceramic structures of filter bodies for manufacturing sooty or diesel particle filters include silicon carbide (SiC) as an essential component.
- Method according to any of the claims 7 and 8 for drying ceramic shaped bodies in the field of sanitary ceramics, characterized in that the objects to be dried are treated with microwaves of a first frequency out of the upper frequency range, preferably from 2.45 to 5.8 GHz, for a certain period of time, and simultaneously or successively with microwaves of a second frequency out of the lower microwave frequency range, preferably from 900 MHz to 1000 MHz, for a certain period of time, for realizing different penetration depths, wherein a microwave treatment with further microwave frequencies is provided.
- Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the objects to be heated are a pre-form or a part of a pre-form of a construction element of a fibre compound or a derived timber material.
- Method according to any of the claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the microwaves of different frequencies act on the ceramic shaped bodies to be dried simultaneously, successively, at any intervals in time and/or space with regard to each other or at any sequence of the frequency changes.
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US (1) | US20090302031A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2100479B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010511980A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE497686T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE502007006433D1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2100479T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008067996A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017114660A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-06 | Sig Technology Ag | Apparatus and method for heating blanks and/or packaging sleeves and/or packages composed of composite material by orientation polarization |
DE102017114733A1 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | Sig Technology Ag | Apparatus and method for heating blanks and / or packs and / or packages of composite material by orientation polarization |
EP3888885A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-10-06 | Fricke und Mallah Microwave Technology GmbH | Microwave conveyor oven |
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US9545735B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2017-01-17 | Corning Incorporated | Methods for drying ceramic greenware using an electrode concentrator |
JP5345437B2 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2013-11-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Method for drying honeycomb formed body |
CN102814268B (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2015-07-15 | 上海志鹤水性涂料科技有限公司 | Dewatering, drying and coating equipment for microwave waterborne wood paint furniture, and coating method |
DE102016119463A1 (en) | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-12 | Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh | Continuous furnace for continuous heating of a pressed material mat |
FR3058138B1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-02-01 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | METHOD FOR THERMALLY PROCESSING A PIECE OF MICROWAVE CERAMIC MATERIAL |
US9849708B1 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2017-12-26 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Microwave dryer of a print system with modulation of the microwave source using frequency shift keying |
DE102018105385B4 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2020-01-30 | Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh | Continuous furnace and plant for the production of wood-based panels |
DE102018105390B4 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2020-08-20 | Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh | Continuous furnace and plant for the production of wood-based panels |
EP3732985A1 (en) * | 2019-05-02 | 2020-11-04 | Metalquimia, S.A.U. | Thawing plant and thawing method of raw frozen meat products in a drum tumbler |
CN110328862A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-15 | 佛山市高明金石建材有限公司 | A kind of solidification heating device on quartz production line |
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DE1183615B (en) * | 1959-04-15 | 1964-12-17 | Litton Industries Inc | High frequency heating device |
DE1818464U (en) * | 1960-07-04 | 1960-09-22 | Mikrowellen Ges M B H Deutsche | MICROWAVE LOOP OVEN. |
US3448384A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1969-06-03 | Allan W Scott | Integral microwave radiating and generating unit for heating |
US3771234A (en) * | 1969-09-09 | 1973-11-13 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Microwave drying process for synthetic polymers |
US3977089A (en) * | 1969-09-09 | 1976-08-31 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Microwave drying process for synthetic polymers |
US4055001A (en) * | 1971-11-18 | 1977-10-25 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Microwave drying process for synthetic polymers |
AU565393B2 (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1987-09-17 | Microwave Power Consultants Pty Ltd | Microwave treatment of materials |
AU698049B2 (en) * | 1994-10-24 | 1998-10-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Steam generating apparatus of induction heating system |
AUPP396998A0 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 1998-07-02 | University Of Melbourne, The | A method for increasing the permeability of wood |
JP4103984B2 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2008-06-18 | 株式会社デンソー | Method for manufacturing honeycomb molded body and drying apparatus |
DE10201299A1 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-08-29 | Denso Corp | Process for manufacturing a honeycomb body and drying system |
US6872927B2 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2005-03-29 | Lambda Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing pathogen-contaminated mail pieces |
JP4133252B2 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2008-08-13 | 株式会社デンソー | Method and apparatus for drying ceramic molded body |
-
2007
- 2007-12-05 EP EP07856371A patent/EP2100479B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-12-05 DE DE502007006433T patent/DE502007006433D1/en active Active
- 2007-12-05 JP JP2009539657A patent/JP2010511980A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-05 AT AT07856371T patent/ATE497686T1/en active
- 2007-12-05 PL PL07856371T patent/PL2100479T3/en unknown
- 2007-12-05 WO PCT/EP2007/010530 patent/WO2008067996A1/en active Application Filing
-
2009
- 2009-06-04 US US12/478,264 patent/US20090302031A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017114660A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-06 | Sig Technology Ag | Apparatus and method for heating blanks and/or packaging sleeves and/or packages composed of composite material by orientation polarization |
DE102015122976A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-20 | Sig Technology Ag | Apparatus and method for heating blanks and / or packs and / or packages of composite material by orientation polarization |
DE102017114733A1 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | Sig Technology Ag | Apparatus and method for heating blanks and / or packs and / or packages of composite material by orientation polarization |
EP3888885A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-10-06 | Fricke und Mallah Microwave Technology GmbH | Microwave conveyor oven |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090302031A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
ATE497686T1 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
PL2100479T3 (en) | 2011-07-29 |
WO2008067996A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
EP2100479A1 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
JP2010511980A (en) | 2010-04-15 |
DE502007006433D1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
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