EP2094914B1 - Improved earth anchor - Google Patents
Improved earth anchor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2094914B1 EP2094914B1 EP07796194.4A EP07796194A EP2094914B1 EP 2094914 B1 EP2094914 B1 EP 2094914B1 EP 07796194 A EP07796194 A EP 07796194A EP 2094914 B1 EP2094914 B1 EP 2094914B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anchor
- leading
- plates
- main body
- chiseled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/80—Ground anchors
- E02D5/803—Ground anchors with pivotable anchoring members
Definitions
- This invention relates to ground anchors, more specifically to pivoting ground anchors.
- Ground anchors or earth anchors of the pivoting or tilting type are well known and generally include a main body portion having a leading edge adapted to be forced into the ground, a trailing edge including an outtumed lip and a cable or guide wire attachment point intermediate the leading and trailing edges generally positioned from about the mid point of the overall length of the anchor or towards the trailing edge so that upon exerting a force on the cable or attached guide wire after insertion of the anchor into the ground, the trailing edge outtumed lip will bite into the earth causing the anchor to rotate or pivot to a locked position generally at a right angle to the withdrawal force.
- Such anchors have included plate anchors such as shown in U.S. Patent 3,969,854 , which are generally difficult to drive into the ground.
- anchors have more recently been replaced with cylindrical or tubular shaped anchors having a bore in the body into which a drive rod can be inserted from the trailing edge to a rod abutment point at or adjacent the bottom or end of the bore.
- Such anchors as shown in U.S. Patent 4,044,513 , employ outtumed lips at the trailing edge generally defining an opening into the interior.
- Such anchors are also shown in U.S. Patent 4,096,673 , both of which are assigned to the assignee of this application.
- Anchors of that type have been sold by the assignee, Foresight Industries, Inc., under the trademark Duckbill and generally consist of cast cylindrical bodies having a cruciform shaped leading edge, a trailing edge with an outturned lip, a blind bore, and a raised rib at a top side remote from the outtumed lip, which has an opening therethrough for receipt of either a shackle, a cable, or another load applying device to initiate rotation and "load locking," i.e. fixing, of the anchor after it is driven into the ground by a drive rod, by means of a hammer, jackhammer, hydraulic press, or the like. Variations on the general shape of such anchors are shown, for example, in U.S.
- Patent 5,775,037 where the main body may be provided with side edges extending outwardly to the side of the central bore beyond the raised rib.
- a further variant shown for example in U.S. Patent 4,802,317 , assigned to the instant assignee, utilizes widespread side wings extending laterally of the cylindrical center body portion containing the blind bore. Those lateral wings may have sharpened leading edges and when the anchor is rotated to the locked position the wings increase the contact area between the anchor and the ground providing a wider surface to resist withdrawal of the anchor.
- ground anchors are sometimes referred to as wing anchors.
- the presence of the wings can, in certain instances, can be disadvantageous in that: (a) they provide a much larger area which must be pushed through the ground during insertion of the anchor thereby requiring a higher driving force; and (b) due to their rather large lateral extent with respect to the central body, the force necessary to pivot and lock the anchor is considerably increased. Additionally, (c) the wings can cause a deflection of the anchor during driving. Engagement of an outer reach of the wing with a more drive resistant structure, either a hardened soil structure such as hardened clay or with a stone or rock can have the effect of pivoting the anchor during its driving, which can cause the anchor to change direction as it is being driven into the ground. This can not only result in a mispositioned anchor, it can cause a bending of the drive rod, and in extreme conditions can prevent or hinder withdrawal of the drive rod after the anchor has been placed.
- cylindrical anchors With their cruciform driving edges leaves the anchor, during driving, at risk of wandering or deviating from a straight path. Since such anchors are normally driven into the ground at an angle to the vertical, which will represent the angle of the application of load after setting of the anchor, and since the load application is generally at an angle other than 90 degrees, particularly where the anchor is used to anchor a guide wire, a fence end or tree support or the like, it is sometimes difficult to drive the anchor straight. Substantially cylindrical anchors generally have less holding or load bearing capabilities than similar sized winged anchors but are easier to drive and to rotate to a locked position.
- a substantially cylindrical anchor having a main body portion which is provided with a raised rib extending from an upper surface area of the cylinder, a first flattened plate-like extension projecting forward of the main body terminating in a stepped leading edge, a second generally flat plate-like extension extending forward of the main body projecting normally to the leading edge plate providing guiding surfaces, the second plate terminating at its leading end in a series stepped leading edges.
- the outermost stepped leading edge on each side of the main body extends beyond the diameter of the main body and forms a leading edge for a short tapered rib which extends along the length of the main body from the rib's leading edge to the trailing edge of the main body and has a width projecting from the main body's outer diameter generally no greater than its leading edge width, which is substantially the same as the leading edge of each step of the guide surface leading edges.
- an earth anchor of the substantially cylindrical body tilting type comprising an anchor body having leading and trailing ends with a blind bore extending into the body from the trailing end, a portion of the trailing end defining an outtumed lip adapted to bite into the soil adjacent the trailing end after the anchor has been driven into the ground when a tension force is applied to the anchor to withdrawal from the ground, the anchor body having a raised rib projecting from it on a side of the anchor body opposite the outturned lip, the raised rib defining an attachment point for attachment of a tension member, the body having a pair of projecting plates extending forwardly of the leading edge of the body, the plates lying at an angle to one another and being joined to one another at an intersection, each of the plates having leading edges and each of the leading edges being defined by a series of stepped back chiseled edges stepped back from a central chiseled edge to either side of the central chiseled edge, an angled surface transition zone between the
- the anchor comprises a substantially tubular or cylindrical main body section having a generally conical forward or leading end and a trailing edge formed at an obtuse angle to the axis of the body with an outturned lip at the bottom of the trailing edge, a raised rib projecting above the main body portion and having a connector for connection to a tension member, a blind bore extending into the main body from the trailing edge, a leading flat edge member projecting forwardly from the main body loading and terminating in a chisel point, a guide plate projecting laterally of the leading edge projection forward of the main body and the guiding plates having serrated or stepped leading edges on both sides of the leading edge member.
- the anchor comprises a substantially tubular main body section having a generally pointed or sloped forward or leading end and a trailing edge formed at an obtuse angle to the longitudinal axis of the body with an outtumed lip at the bottom of the trailing edge, a raised rib projecting above the main body portion and having a connector for connection to a pull member, a blind bore extending into the main body from the trailing edge, a leading edge member projecting forwardly from the main body portion terminating in a chisel point, a pair of guiding plates projecting laterally on each side of the leading edge projection forward of the main body and the guiding plates having serrated or stepped leading edges, the projecting leading edge being formed as a substantially flat plate vertically aligned extending along the axis of the body and terminating in forward stepped chiseled edges, the guide plates terminating at their outermost side edges in ribs extending along the exterior of the main body to the trailing edge, the ribs projecting from the main
- the anchor 10 of this invention consists of a generally cylindrical main body portion 11 which may have a generally conical leading end 12 and a trailing end 13 formed at an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of the main body.
- the trailing end 13 incorporates at a bottom 15 of main body 11 an outtumed lip 16 which will bite into the soil surrounding the anchor after it has been driven to its desired depth and a withdrawal load is applied.
- a rib 17 is formed on a top 18 of the main body 11, and in the embodiment illustrated, includes a projecting central section 20 projecting furthest from the top 18 of any portion of the main body, that section 20 being provided with an opening 21 extending transversely therethrough.
- the opening may have a cable threaded through it and clamped back on itself or may provide a fixture point for a shackle to which a cable or a rod may be attached.
- Numerous other fixture examples for attaching the anchor wire or rod to the raised rib are known and can be substituted for the bore 21. These include T-shaped slots which can receive a T-shaped head on an anchor rod, or openings extending entirely through the anchor from the top surface 18 to the bottom surface 15 having a smaller opening in the rib area than at the bottom so that a headed rod may be fed through the anchor from the bottom with the rod extending outwardly from the rib and the head pivotal in the opening and being retained therein by the smaller opening at the top of the rib. These are all matters of design choice and are known to the art.
- the conical shaped leading end of the main body portion may be formed as flat, sloping surfaces, abrupt end walls or otherwise shaped.
- a sloped or angled wall, whether formed as a portion of the cone or flat triangular sections having surfaces at an angle to the longitudinal axis can be beneficial in comparison to a blunt radial surface as the anchor is being driven into the ground inasmuch as such surfaces will push the soil away from the main body 11 behind them.
- leading top surface 30 of the raised rib 17 is preferably formed at an angle to the longitudinal axis leading from the outer diameter surface of the main body portion at its forward end 32 to the central section 20 at an attack angle facilitating movement of the soil.
- the embodiment shown in the figures provides a flat top surface 31 which increases in width from its inter section with the top leading end 32 of surface 18 of the main body portion at the start of the conical section 12, the increase in width extending backwards to a point forward of the section 20.
- the section 20 is of a smaller width, transverse the longitudinal center line of the main body so as to produce an abrupt width reduction at 34 between the leading portion of the rib and the attachment portion 20.
- the side wall 35 of the rib extending from the flat top 31 may flare out linearly or, as shown in this embodiment, in a more rounded fashion, the shape of these surfaces being a matter of design choice.
- leading edge of the raised rib be configured to direct soil away from the section 20 since the cable, shackle, rod end or the like may extend out of the side of the rib section 20 causing a resistance to ease of passage of the anchor into the ground.
- a blind bore 60 extends into the main body from the trailing edge and terminates in a driving surface 61 at or adjacent and end of the blind bore. The end may be squared as shown or may be radiused to prevent mushrooming of the tip of the drive steel.
- An elongated drive steel is inserted into the bore 60 and is used to drive the anchor into the ground by force application means, which, depending upon the size of the anchor, may range from a handheld hammer to a substantial piece of machinery similar to a pile driver. Since the depth of insertion of the anchor into the ground will be dependent upon anchor size, load to be retained, soil quality, and the like, the drive steel may be quite long, be constructed of threaded together sections and may not itself be structurally sufficient to ensure that the anchor drives straight.
- This invention provides leading plates 70, 71, 72, and 73, or projecting surface members, which extend forward of the main body, which are positioned at an angle to one another, generally at right angles, and which provide leading edges 50, 51-55.
- the plate 70 extends forward from the juncture 32 of the raised rib and terminates in stepped leading edges 50, 52 and 51, with 51 being centrally located. Each of the edges is chiseled forming a piercing tip.
- the plates 70 and 71 may be considered as one plate and the plates 72 and 73 as a second plate, with the two plates intersecting or, for purposes of description; the plates may be considered as four separate plates extending radially from a common junction.
- a greater or lesser number of plates can be provided and although the plates 72 and 73 are shown as having their leading edges 53 spaced axially behind the leading edge 51 of plate 70-71, it will be understood that the two plates could extend an equal amount forward of the main body as shown in figure 4 .
- the plates provide anti-rotation surfaces resisting rotation of the anchor during driving. To this end the plates extend approximately 1/3 of the overall distance of the anchor when the beginning point of the plate is measured from the point 32 representing the forward end of the main body 11 prior to the conical or transition zone 12. When measured from the end of the transition zone 12 the plate will extend approximately 20% of the overall length of the anchor.
- the plates when measured from the point 32 the plates extend between 20 and 40% of the overall length, and when measured from the point 33, being the end of the transition, the plates project forward from 15 to 25 percent of the length. This provides a sufficient anti-rotation surface to aid in straight driving of the anchor. While the top and bottom surfaces of the plates 70-73 may be formed parallel to one another, they may also lie at an angle.
- the plate 71 is the mirror image of the plate 70 positioned on the other side or bottom side of the anchor, the plates 70 and 71 being separated by horizontal plates 72 and 73, which project similarly from the juncture of the main body portion with the conical shaped section 12 and are mirror imaged left and right.
- the plates 72, 73 may terminate in setback, chiseled edges 53, 54 or may, if desired, have a more central edge extending to the tip 51, although it is my preference to have a single leading chiseled edge 51.
- I have shown an X shaped or cruciform shaped leading edge consisting of four plates lying at right angles to one another equally spaced, it will be understood that other combinations may be utilized.
- the bottom plate 71 could be eliminated such that the forward projection would be substantially T-shaped. It will be appreciated that the plate 70 cannot be eliminated as easily since it blends back into the raised rib.
- the forward extensions are plates, or as plate-like members, this is for descriptive purposes only being understood that the entire anchor may be formed as a single casting, that the extensions may have a cross sectional curvature to them or may project upwardly or downwardly adjacent their outmost edges.
- the top surface of the plate 70 or the bottom surface of the plate 71 or the sides of plates 72 or 73 may be chiseled. I use the term chiseled to include all forms of sharpened edges including those having a radius at their outermost point. It is not intended that the chiseled surfaces by knife sharp and dangerous to handle, however the surfaces should not be blunt to the full thickness of the plate.
- the ribs 80 and 81 are positioned on each side of the main body, the ribs may have substantially triangular shaped chiseled leading edges 55 which terminate at the outer edge of the ribs, the outer edge being chiseled or pointed as shown at 90, 91 of figure 3 .
- the leading edges 55 and the ribs 80, 81 have a width from the outer diameter of the main body which is relatively small, preferably about 20% of the diameter of the main body 11.
- the ribs 80, 81 By extending the ribs 80, 81 the full length from before the leading end of the transition section 12 to the trailing edge 13 of the main body, by maintaining the ribs relatively narrow, and by making them V-shaped in cross section, they do not add significantly to the drag of the anchor as it is being driven into the soil but do act to facilitate straight driving of the anchor. It will be appreciated that the force of soil acting against the leading surface 30 of the raised rib will have a tendency to cause the anchor to pivot upwardly at its front or will push the entire anchor downwardly as it is being driven into the ground.
- the ribs 80, 81 are intended to aid in resisting that tendency without adding significant resistance to the driving of the anchor into the ground.
- leading edges 50-54 and 55 may lie at substantially right angles to the longitudinal axis of the anchor, such edges may be angled backwardly if desired.
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Description
- This invention relates to ground anchors, more specifically to pivoting ground anchors.
- Ground anchors or earth anchors of the pivoting or tilting type are well known and generally include a main body portion having a leading edge adapted to be forced into the ground, a trailing edge including an outtumed lip and a cable or guide wire attachment point intermediate the leading and trailing edges generally positioned from about the mid point of the overall length of the anchor or towards the trailing edge so that upon exerting a force on the cable or attached guide wire after insertion of the anchor into the ground, the trailing edge outtumed lip will bite into the earth causing the anchor to rotate or pivot to a locked position generally at a right angle to the withdrawal force. Such anchors have included plate anchors such as shown in
U.S. Patent 3,969,854 , which are generally difficult to drive into the ground. Those anchors have more recently been replaced with cylindrical or tubular shaped anchors having a bore in the body into which a drive rod can be inserted from the trailing edge to a rod abutment point at or adjacent the bottom or end of the bore. Such anchors, as shown inU.S. Patent 4,044,513 , employ outtumed lips at the trailing edge generally defining an opening into the interior. Such anchors are also shown inU.S. Patent 4,096,673 , both of which are assigned to the assignee of this application. Anchors of that type have been sold by the assignee, Foresight Industries, Inc., under the trademark Duckbill and generally consist of cast cylindrical bodies having a cruciform shaped leading edge, a trailing edge with an outturned lip, a blind bore, and a raised rib at a top side remote from the outtumed lip, which has an opening therethrough for receipt of either a shackle, a cable, or another load applying device to initiate rotation and "load locking," i.e. fixing, of the anchor after it is driven into the ground by a drive rod, by means of a hammer, jackhammer, hydraulic press, or the like. Variations on the general shape of such anchors are shown, for example, inU.S. Patent 5,775,037 , where the main body may be provided with side edges extending outwardly to the side of the central bore beyond the raised rib. A further variant, shown for example inU.S. Patent 4,802,317 , assigned to the instant assignee, utilizes widespread side wings extending laterally of the cylindrical center body portion containing the blind bore. Those lateral wings may have sharpened leading edges and when the anchor is rotated to the locked position the wings increase the contact area between the anchor and the ground providing a wider surface to resist withdrawal of the anchor. Such ground anchors are sometimes referred to as wing anchors. However, the presence of the wings can, in certain instances, can be disadvantageous in that: (a) they provide a much larger area which must be pushed through the ground during insertion of the anchor thereby requiring a higher driving force; and (b) due to their rather large lateral extent with respect to the central body, the force necessary to pivot and lock the anchor is considerably increased. Additionally, (c) the wings can cause a deflection of the anchor during driving. Engagement of an outer reach of the wing with a more drive resistant structure, either a hardened soil structure such as hardened clay or with a stone or rock can have the effect of pivoting the anchor during its driving, which can cause the anchor to change direction as it is being driven into the ground. This can not only result in a mispositioned anchor, it can cause a bending of the drive rod, and in extreme conditions can prevent or hinder withdrawal of the drive rod after the anchor has been placed. - One approach to increasing the straight line drivability of the winged anchors and reducing the driving force necessary is illustrated in European Patent Application No.
863261 U.S. Patent 6,237,289 where the leading edges of the wings are provided with a series of separate chisel leading edges that are stepped back one from another axially and extend for short distances radially thereby providing the leading edges of the wings with a series of separate leading edges that are each longitudinally offset with respect to one another and radially offset with respect to the main body. While this serration or stepping of the leading edges of large wing anchors is an improvement over prior large wing anchors, the necessity for a higher driving force and the difficulties associated with rotation to the locked position remain a problem. Such anchors are therefore used generally only where high load resistance is required, and the more cylindrical anchors are used where lower resistance load levels are anticipated. - The use, however, of cylindrical anchors, with their cruciform driving edges leaves the anchor, during driving, at risk of wandering or deviating from a straight path. Since such anchors are normally driven into the ground at an angle to the vertical, which will represent the angle of the application of load after setting of the anchor, and since the load application is generally at an angle other than 90 degrees, particularly where the anchor is used to anchor a guide wire, a fence end or tree support or the like, it is sometimes difficult to drive the anchor straight. Substantially cylindrical anchors generally have less holding or load bearing capabilities than similar sized winged anchors but are easier to drive and to rotate to a locked position.
- It would therefore be an improvement in the art if generally cylindrical ground anchors could be provided with a reduced driving resistance, with a better straight path driving tendency and with improved load bearing capabilities.
- The above advantages are achieved in the current invention by utilizing a substantially cylindrical anchor having a main body portion which is provided with a raised rib extending from an upper surface area of the cylinder, a first flattened plate-like extension projecting forward of the main body terminating in a stepped leading edge, a second generally flat plate-like extension extending forward of the main body projecting normally to the leading edge plate providing guiding surfaces, the second plate terminating at its leading end in a series stepped leading edges. The outermost stepped leading edge on each side of the main body extends beyond the diameter of the main body and forms a leading edge for a short tapered rib which extends along the length of the main body from the rib's leading edge to the trailing edge of the main body and has a width projecting from the main body's outer diameter generally no greater than its leading edge width, which is substantially the same as the leading edge of each step of the guide surface leading edges.
- Thus, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an earth anchor of the substantially cylindrical body tilting type comprising an anchor body having leading and trailing ends with a blind bore extending into the body from the trailing end, a portion of the trailing end defining an outtumed lip adapted to bite into the soil adjacent the trailing end after the anchor has been driven into the ground when a tension force is applied to the anchor to withdrawal from the ground, the anchor body having a raised rib projecting from it on a side of the anchor body opposite the outturned lip, the raised rib defining an attachment point for attachment of a tension member, the body having a pair of projecting plates extending forwardly of the leading edge of the body, the plates lying at an angle to one another and being joined to one another at an intersection, each of the plates having leading edges and each of the leading edges being defined by a series of stepped back chiseled edges stepped back from a central chiseled edge to either side of the central chiseled edge, an angled surface transition zone between the leading end of the body and the leading edges of the plates deflecting material from the plates away from the body during insertion of the anchor into the ground, ribs on opposite sides of the body extending substantially the length of the body, the ribs each having a height from a top to a bottom and a chiseled leading edge terminating intermediate the top and bottom and a substantially V-shaped outer edge spaced from the body, the ribs projecting from the body to a distance approximately 20% or less of the width of the body.
- In an embodiment of the invention the anchor comprises a substantially tubular or cylindrical main body section having a generally conical forward or leading end and a trailing edge formed at an obtuse angle to the axis of the body with an outturned lip at the bottom of the trailing edge, a raised rib projecting above the main body portion and having a connector for connection to a tension member, a blind bore extending into the main body from the trailing edge, a leading flat edge member projecting forwardly from the main body loading and terminating in a chisel point, a guide plate projecting laterally of the leading edge projection forward of the main body and the guiding plates having serrated or stepped leading edges on both sides of the leading edge member.
- In an embodiment of the invention the anchor comprises a substantially tubular main body section having a generally pointed or sloped forward or leading end and a trailing edge formed at an obtuse angle to the longitudinal axis of the body with an outtumed lip at the bottom of the trailing edge, a raised rib projecting above the main body portion and having a connector for connection to a pull member, a blind bore extending into the main body from the trailing edge, a leading edge member projecting forwardly from the main body portion terminating in a chisel point, a pair of guiding plates projecting laterally on each side of the leading edge projection forward of the main body and the guiding plates having serrated or stepped leading edges, the projecting leading edge being formed as a substantially flat plate vertically aligned extending along the axis of the body and terminating in forward stepped chiseled edges, the guide plates terminating at their outermost side edges in ribs extending along the exterior of the main body to the trailing edge, the ribs projecting from the main body approximately the width of one stepped leading edge of the guide surface.
- It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a ground anchor having improved drivability requiring the use of minimal drive force and having improved straight line drive tendencies.
- It is a further object of this invention to provide a substantially cylindrical or tubular or ground anchor of the pivoting type having improved drivability provided by projecting surfaces extending at an angle to one another projecting forwardly of the main body of the anchor a distance of between 20 and 40% of the overall length of the anchor when measured from the leading end of the main body portion or 10 to 20% of the overall length of the anchor when measured from the end of a transition zone between the end of the main body portion and the projecting surfaces, where the transition zone consists of an axially progressive diameter reduction from an outer diameter of the main body portion to the projecting surfaces, and where the projecting surfaces terminate in leading edges which are pointed or chiseled and which comprise a plurality of leading edge sections which are axially and radially offset from one another in a stepwise fashion, the projecting surfaces having generally flat opposite side surfaces which resist rotation of the anchor about its axis during driving.
- It is a further object of this invention to provide a substantially cylindrical or tubular or ground anchor of the pivoting type having improved drivability provided by projecting surfaces extending at an angle to one another projecting forwardly of the main body of the anchor a distance of between 20 and 40% of the overall length of the anchor when measured from the leading end of the main body portion or 10 to 20% of the overall length of the anchor when measured from the end of a transition zone between the end of the main body portion and the projecting surfaces, where the transition zone consists of an axially progressive diameter reduction from an outer diameter of the main body portion to the projecting surfaces, and where the projecting surfaces terminate in leading edges which are pointed or chiseled and which comprise a plurality of leading edge sections which are axially and radially offset from one another in a stepwise fashion, the projecting surfaces having generally flat opposite side surfaces which resist rotation of the anchor about its axis during driving.
- It is another object of this invention to provide a generally cylindrical, oval or rectangular body ground anchor having a leading edge defined by chiseled surfaces which are spaced axially and radially from one another and which are formed at the leading edges of generally flat plates projecting forward of the main body portion, the plates being positioned at an angle to one another, and the main body portion having ribs running substantially the length of the main body portion on opposite sides thereof, the ribs having non-blunt leading edges and generally having a width measured outwardly from the surface of the main body portion of about 20% or less of the transverse width of the main body portion whereby the ribs act to assist in straight driving of the anchor without providing significant drag or resistance to rotation.
- It is another, and important, object of this invention to provide a generally cylindrical anchor having flat plate-like extensions extending forward of the main body portion terminating in leading edges, the leading edges having stepped back chiseled edges, the outermost chiseled edge on each side of the main body forming the leading edge of a side rib running along the main body to the trailing edge of the main body.
- These and other objects will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from a description of the illustrated preferred embodiment, it being understood that this is only one such embodiment of this invention and that many variations in shape and dimension are within the scope of this invention.
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- Figure i is a side view of the anchor of this invention.
-
Figure 2 is a top view of the anchor offigure 1 . -
Figure 3 is a leading edge head-on view of the anchor of this invention. -
Figure 4 is a view of the anchor offigure 1 from the other side. -
Figure 5 is a view of the anchor from the bottom. -
Figure 6 is a view from the trailing edge head-on. - As shown in
figures 1 and 2 , theanchor 10 of this invention consists of a generally cylindricalmain body portion 11 which may have a generally conical leadingend 12 and atrailing end 13 formed at an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of the main body. The trailingend 13 incorporates at abottom 15 ofmain body 11 anouttumed lip 16 which will bite into the soil surrounding the anchor after it has been driven to its desired depth and a withdrawal load is applied. Arib 17 is formed on atop 18 of themain body 11, and in the embodiment illustrated, includes a projectingcentral section 20 projecting furthest from thetop 18 of any portion of the main body, thatsection 20 being provided with an opening 21 extending transversely therethrough. - The opening may have a cable threaded through it and clamped back on itself or may provide a fixture point for a shackle to which a cable or a rod may be attached. Numerous other fixture examples for attaching the anchor wire or rod to the raised rib are known and can be substituted for the
bore 21. These include T-shaped slots which can receive a T-shaped head on an anchor rod, or openings extending entirely through the anchor from thetop surface 18 to thebottom surface 15 having a smaller opening in the rib area than at the bottom so that a headed rod may be fed through the anchor from the bottom with the rod extending outwardly from the rib and the head pivotal in the opening and being retained therein by the smaller opening at the top of the rib. These are all matters of design choice and are known to the art. - Similarly the conical shaped leading end of the main body portion may be formed as flat, sloping surfaces, abrupt end walls or otherwise shaped. A sloped or angled wall, whether formed as a portion of the cone or flat triangular sections having surfaces at an angle to the longitudinal axis can be beneficial in comparison to a blunt radial surface as the anchor is being driven into the ground inasmuch as such surfaces will push the soil away from the
main body 11 behind them. - Similarly the leading
top surface 30 of the raisedrib 17 is preferably formed at an angle to the longitudinal axis leading from the outer diameter surface of the main body portion at itsforward end 32 to thecentral section 20 at an attack angle facilitating movement of the soil. The embodiment shown in the figures provides aflat top surface 31 which increases in width from its inter section with thetop leading end 32 ofsurface 18 of the main body portion at the start of theconical section 12, the increase in width extending backwards to a point forward of thesection 20. Thesection 20 is of a smaller width, transverse the longitudinal center line of the main body so as to produce an abrupt width reduction at 34 between the leading portion of the rib and theattachment portion 20. Theside wall 35 of the rib extending from theflat top 31 may flare out linearly or, as shown in this embodiment, in a more rounded fashion, the shape of these surfaces being a matter of design choice. - While I have shown an anchor having a
flat surface 31 at the leading face of the rib, it will be appreciated that an edged surface which rises to a central peak and which may extend all the way back from the leadingedge point 50 of the anchor to thesection 20 may be desired to facilitate penetration of the anchor into the soil. - It is, however, desired that the leading edge of the raised rib be configured to direct soil away from the
section 20 since the cable, shackle, rod end or the like may extend out of the side of therib section 20 causing a resistance to ease of passage of the anchor into the ground. - Because the rib is raised from the main body, and because it provides the anchoring attachment point for the cable, rod, etc. which will be under tension when the anchor is being pivoted and when it is providing its anchoring function, the rib must be strong enough to accommodate such load forces without separation from the remainder of the anchor. To that end, such ribs are relatively large and are a factor in the tendency of the anchor to deviate from a straight course as the anchor is driven into the ground. A
blind bore 60 extends into the main body from the trailing edge and terminates in adriving surface 61 at or adjacent and end of the blind bore. The end may be squared as shown or may be radiused to prevent mushrooming of the tip of the drive steel. An elongated drive steel is inserted into thebore 60 and is used to drive the anchor into the ground by force application means, which, depending upon the size of the anchor, may range from a handheld hammer to a substantial piece of machinery similar to a pile driver. Since the depth of insertion of the anchor into the ground will be dependent upon anchor size, load to be retained, soil quality, and the like, the drive steel may be quite long, be constructed of threaded together sections and may not itself be structurally sufficient to ensure that the anchor drives straight. - While it has been known to provide cruciform projections extending from the leading end of the main body to assist in penetration of the soil for substantially cylindrical rotating anchors, such extensions have not proven to be wholly satisfactory in preventing wandering or other than straight line movement of the anchor during driving. For winged anchors, which have relatively large side wings projecting from the central body, cruciform chiseled projecting edges and sharpened winged edges have been utilized such as shown in
U.S. Patent 5,031,370 . Moreover, such anchors have been provided with serrated or stepped leading edges in both the vertical, top to bottom, orientation and the horizontal, side-to-side wing-to-wing, orientation. While these leading edges have benefits in winged anchors they have not been used on substantially cylindrical or elliptical bodied non-winged anchors. - This invention provides leading
plates edges 50, 51-55. Theplate 70 extends forward from thejuncture 32 of the raised rib and terminates in stepped leadingedges plates plates plates edges 53 spaced axially behind the leadingedge 51 of plate 70-71, it will be understood that the two plates could extend an equal amount forward of the main body as shown infigure 4 . Preferably the plates provide anti-rotation surfaces resisting rotation of the anchor during driving. To this end the plates extend approximately 1/3 of the overall distance of the anchor when the beginning point of the plate is measured from thepoint 32 representing the forward end of themain body 11 prior to the conical ortransition zone 12. When measured from the end of thetransition zone 12 the plate will extend approximately 20% of the overall length of the anchor. While these percentages may be varied, it is preferred that when measured from thepoint 32 the plates extend between 20 and 40% of the overall length, and when measured from thepoint 33, being the end of the transition, the plates project forward from 15 to 25 percent of the length. This provides a sufficient anti-rotation surface to aid in straight driving of the anchor. While the top and bottom surfaces of the plates 70-73 may be formed parallel to one another, they may also lie at an angle. Theplate 71 is the mirror image of theplate 70 positioned on the other side or bottom side of the anchor, theplates horizontal plates section 12 and are mirror imaged left and right. Theplates edges tip 51, although it is my preference to have a single leading chiselededge 51. Although I have shown an X shaped or cruciform shaped leading edge consisting of four plates lying at right angles to one another equally spaced, it will be understood that other combinations may be utilized. For example, thebottom plate 71 could be eliminated such that the forward projection would be substantially T-shaped. It will be appreciated that theplate 70 cannot be eliminated as easily since it blends back into the raised rib. Although I have chosen to describe the forward extensions as plates, or as plate-like members, this is for descriptive purposes only being understood that the entire anchor may be formed as a single casting, that the extensions may have a cross sectional curvature to them or may project upwardly or downwardly adjacent their outmost edges. It will further be understood that the top surface of theplate 70 or the bottom surface of theplate 71 or the sides ofplates - Additionally, at the outer edges of
plates setback leading edge 54,ribs edges 55 which terminate at the outer edge of the ribs, the outer edge being chiseled or pointed as shown at 90, 91 offigure 3 . The leadingedges 55 and theribs main body 11. These ribs are not designed to act as wings such as is found in the winged anchors but instead counteract the tendency of the raised rib to turn the anchor from a straight path during driving. By extending theribs transition section 12 to the trailingedge 13 of the main body, by maintaining the ribs relatively narrow, and by making them V-shaped in cross section, they do not add significantly to the drag of the anchor as it is being driven into the soil but do act to facilitate straight driving of the anchor. It will be appreciated that the force of soil acting against the leadingsurface 30 of the raised rib will have a tendency to cause the anchor to pivot upwardly at its front or will push the entire anchor downwardly as it is being driven into the ground. Theribs - Although I have shown a preferred embodiment having only two ribs which are aligned with the center line of the longitudinal axis of the anchor and which start from the edges of the
plates plates - I have also chosen to use relatively flat plates 70-73 to define the extension projecting forward of the main body of the anchor since those flat surfaces also act to resist wandering of the anchor. Others may decide on different shapes or sizes for the projecting features, for example the plates rather than being of uniform thickness can be thinner at the front and increase in thickness towards the main body portion.
- Moreover, where I have shown the leading edges 50-54 and 55 to lie at substantially right angles to the longitudinal axis of the anchor, such edges may be angled backwardly if desired.
- These and other modifications of this invention will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, although I have shown and described the anchors as being substantially cylindrical or elliptical, the anchor body could be rectangular, octagonal or otherwise. In general, when I use the term "substantially cylindrical" I intend to encompass all such minor shape variations.
Claims (3)
- An earth anchor (10) of the substantially tubular body tilting type comprising an anchor body (11) having leading and trailing ends (12,13) with a blind bore (60) extending into the body (11) from the trailing end (13), a portion of the trailing end (13) defining an outturned lip (16) adapted to bite into the soil adjacent the trailing end (13) after the anchor (10) has been driven into the ground when a tension force is applied to the anchor (10) to withdrawal from the ground, the anchor body (11) having a raised rib (17) projecting from it on a side of the anchor body (11) opposite the outtumed lip (16), the raised rib (17) defining an attachment point (21) for attachment of a tension member, characterized in that the body (11) has a pair of projecting plates (70,71,72,73) extending forwardly of the leading edge (12) of the body, the plates (70,71,72,73) lying at an angle to one another and being joined to one another at an intersection, each of the plates (70,71,72,73) having leading edges and each of the leading edges (50,51,52,53,54,55) being defined by a series of stepped back chiseled edges stepped back from a central chiseled edge to either side of the central chiseled edge, an angled surface transition zone (12) between the leading end of the body (11) and the leading edges (50,51,52,53,54,55) of the plates (70,71,72,73) deflecting material from the plates (70,71,72,73) away from the body (11) during insertion of the anchor (10) into the ground, ribs (80,81) on opposite sides of the body (11) extending substantially the length of the body (11), the ribs each having a height from a top to a bottom and a chiseled leading edge (90,91) terminating intermediate the top and bottom and a substantially V-shaped outer edge spaced from the body (11), the ribs (80,81) projecting from the body (11) to a distance approximately 20% or less of the width of the body (11).
- The anchor (10) of Claim 1 wherein the ribs (80,81) have leading edges (90,91) positioned ahead of the body (11), the leading edges (90,91) being chiseled.
- The anchor (10) of Claim 1 wherein at least one of the plates (70,71,72,73) extends from the leading end (12) of the body (11) by about 30 to 35% of the overall length of the anchor (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US29/270,187 USD572546S1 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2006-12-19 | Ground anchor |
US11/803,138 US7534073B2 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2007-05-14 | Earth anchor |
PCT/US2007/014145 WO2008088372A2 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2007-06-15 | Improved earth anchor |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2094914A2 EP2094914A2 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
EP2094914A4 EP2094914A4 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
EP2094914B1 true EP2094914B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
Family
ID=39589838
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07796194.4A Active EP2094914B1 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2007-06-15 | Improved earth anchor |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USD572546S1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2094914B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101410572B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007343936B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0717855B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2642556C (en) |
EG (1) | EG25003A (en) |
HK (1) | HK1126831A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2008015990A (en) |
TW (1) | TWM337590U (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008088372A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200807666B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202015100556U1 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-02-08 | Vogt Baugeräte Gmbh | Erdankerbefestigungssystem |
US10066357B2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2018-09-04 | Musthane | Ground anchor assembly |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7534073B2 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2009-05-19 | Stahm William G | Earth anchor |
NZ553958A (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-04-30 | Miles Edward Moffat | Ground Anchor with cable guiding means for a loop of a winch cable |
GB201019945D0 (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-01-05 | Gripple Ltd | Ground anchor |
GB2514004B (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2017-05-03 | Gripple Ltd | Ground anchor |
USD745699S1 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-12-15 | Gripple Limited | Anchoring device |
USD747633S1 (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2016-01-19 | Anchoring Rope and Rigging Pty Ltd. | Anchor |
US10022116B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2018-07-17 | Coloplast A/S | Method of fixating an implantable material in a patient |
USD759473S1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-06-21 | Wei Zhou | Earth anchor |
USD989614S1 (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2023-06-20 | Pure Global Brands, Inc. | Ground anchor |
USD980424S1 (en) | 2020-04-29 | 2023-03-07 | Coloplast A/S | Tissue anchor |
EP3903692B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 | 2024-06-12 | Coloplast A/S | A tissue anchor system including a fixation device and a delivery tool |
TWD212510S (en) | 2020-11-24 | 2021-07-01 | 陳燦志 | Ground anchor |
USD974150S1 (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2023-01-03 | Tsan-Jee Chen | Anchor head |
TWD216243S (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-12-21 | 陳燦志 | Ground anchor |
USD974152S1 (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-03 | Tsan-Jee Chen | Anchor head |
Family Cites Families (8)
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US4574539A (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1986-03-11 | Construction Robotics, Inc. | Ground anchor with scoop channel discharging to groove forming ridge |
GB9322642D0 (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1993-12-22 | Platipus Anchors Ltd | Improvements in ground anchors |
US6237289B1 (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 2001-05-29 | Foresight Products, Inc. | Ground Anchor |
EP0863261A1 (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1998-09-09 | Foresight Products, LLC | Ground anchor assembly and method for installing same |
EP0863262A1 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-09 | Foresight Products, LLC | Bi-directional anchor drive system and method of using same |
CN2505514Y (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2002-08-14 | 仇凤明 | Wing type metal ground anchor |
EP1477613A1 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-11-17 | Philippe Cantet | Ground anchor with anchoring protective means and concave penetration profile |
FR2866360A1 (en) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-19 | Atlas | Anchor for fixing stringer to ground, has two plates with shapes that cooperate with each other to ensure their connection, and rod having end that is connected to slit of one plate |
-
2006
- 2006-12-19 US US29/270,187 patent/USD572546S1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2007
- 2007-06-15 EP EP07796194.4A patent/EP2094914B1/en active Active
- 2007-06-15 AU AU2007343936A patent/AU2007343936B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-06-15 TW TW096209962U patent/TWM337590U/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-06-15 CN CN200780006485.3A patent/CN101410572B/en active Active
- 2007-06-15 BR BRPI0717855-7A patent/BRPI0717855B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-06-15 MX MX2008015990A patent/MX2008015990A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-06-15 CA CA2642556A patent/CA2642556C/en active Active
- 2007-06-15 WO PCT/US2007/014145 patent/WO2008088372A2/en active Application Filing
-
2008
- 2008-09-05 ZA ZA2008/07666A patent/ZA200807666B/en unknown
- 2008-10-29 EG EG2008101778A patent/EG25003A/en active
-
2009
- 2009-06-23 HK HK09105614.6A patent/HK1126831A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10066357B2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2018-09-04 | Musthane | Ground anchor assembly |
US10689823B2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2020-06-23 | Musthane | Anchoring assembly |
DE202015100556U1 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-02-08 | Vogt Baugeräte Gmbh | Erdankerbefestigungssystem |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2642556A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
BRPI0717855B1 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
HK1126831A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
CN101410572A (en) | 2009-04-15 |
MX2008015990A (en) | 2009-03-26 |
EG25003A (en) | 2011-04-27 |
CN101410572B (en) | 2015-09-16 |
AU2007343936B2 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
AU2007343936A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
CA2642556C (en) | 2013-10-08 |
EP2094914A4 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
TWM337590U (en) | 2008-08-01 |
BRPI0717855A2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
EP2094914A2 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
USD572546S1 (en) | 2008-07-08 |
WO2008088372A2 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
WO2008088372A3 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
ZA200807666B (en) | 2009-12-30 |
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