Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
  • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
  • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
  • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
  • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
  • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
  • G06F21/12—Protecting executable software
  • G06F21/121—Restricting unauthorised execution of programs
  • G06F21/123—Restricting unauthorised execution of programs by using dedicated hardware, e.g. dongles, smart cards, cryptographic processors, global positioning systems [GPS] devices
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
  • G06Q20/22—Payment schemes or models
  • G06Q20/229—Hierarchy of users of accounts
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
  • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
  • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
  • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
  • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
  • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
  • G06Q20/355—Personalisation of cards for use
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
  • G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
  • G06F2221/2153—Using hardware token as a secondary aspect

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a portable electronic entity and a method of personalizing such an electronic entity. It applies, in particular, to portable electronic entities of type comprising a non-volatile memory and a microcontroller; it is for example an electronic key called "USB” (acronym for "Universal Serial Bus” for universal serial bus), that is to say a key whose physical interface with a host computer complies with the USB specification, and able to communicate according to a protocol compliant with the USB specification.
• the portable electronic entity entity object of the present invention can also be a microcircuit card, for example a microcircuit card compliant with the IS07816 standard or an MMC card (acronym for "MultiMedia Card” for multimedia card).
• a portable electronic entity Before its initialization, also called "pre-customization", a portable electronic entity can not work, especially for applications requiring a high level of security, for example for the authentication of its bearer, access to a paid service or a payment.
• the initialization of a portable electronic entity concerns at least two main types of information: the application data, including the code of the applications and the values of their variables and data of security, usually encryption keys. They may furthermore relate to printed data, such as logos and barcodes, which are positioned on the surface of the portable electronic entity.
• the personalization of the portable electronic entities is aimed at ensuring that the organization that emits them has entities corresponding to its particular services and applications.
• each portable electronic entity it is also intended for each portable electronic entity to contain data concerning its holder (eg name, telephone number, account number and photograph, signature, data defining the services to which the holder entitles and limits amounts for these services) and possibly here too, security data such as encryption keys.
• data concerning its holder eg name, telephone number, account number and photograph, signature, data defining the services to which the holder entitles and limits amounts for these services
• security data such as encryption keys.
• the portable electronic entity comprises a rewritable non-volatile memory, for example, an EEPROM (acronym for "Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read On Memory” for electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory.)
• Electrical customization consists essentially of an initialization step of this non-volatile memory and, thus, the portable electronic entity and a step of storing, in this memory, data that varies from one portable electronic entity to another.
• the present invention particularly relates to the electrical customization of the
• the electrical personalization also relates to updates of the non-volatile rewritable memory, for example by applications, menus or personal or security data.
• a portable electronic entity comprising means for connection to a host station and a memory retaining instructions of an application capable of being, at least partially loaded on said host station, to be executed by said host station and to collaborate with a server connected to the host station to perform the customization of a portable electronic entity, called "second".
• the memory retains instructions from an application capable of being, at least partially, executed on a host station comprising a personal computer.
• the memory retains instructions from an application capable of being, at least partially, executed on a host station comprising a mobile telephone.
• a user can customize a portable electronic entity with a mobile phone.
• the memory retains instructions from an application adapted so that the second electronic entity is the first electronic entity.
• the present invention is thus particularly practical to implement since it carries the personalization application in the electronic entity to customize.
• the portable electronic entity thus provides the application allowing its own customization, which limits the means to implement to perform this customization.
• the memory retains instructions from an application capable of being, at least partially, executed by said first portable electronic entity. It is thus possible to reinforce the security of the personalization process by prohibiting the copy of the part of the application executed by the portable electronic entity or by making the instructions of the application dependent on the portable electronic entity that keeps it.
• the second entity is an integrated circuit of the host station.
• the memory retains instructions from an application for performing the customization of the second portable electronic entity, said customization being controlled by a remote server.
• said application is adapted to set up a secure connection, the personalization being performed by a secure communication between at least the electronic entity and a remote server that controls the personalization.
• the first portable electronic entity comprises means for storing at least one personalization status information, and means for communicating at least one stored state information to a remote server that controls the personalization.
• the server can know the state of the portable electronic entity and thus achieve a customization based on this state, which is particularly interesting in the context of the update of an electronic entity park for their administration.
• the portable electronic entity comprises means for storing at least the last customization command received from a remote server that controls the customization and performed successfully and means for communicating the latter command received and performed remote server audit.
• the memory keeps an identifier common to several portable electronic entities.
• the portable electronic entity can describe its type, application, brand and / or model.
• the memory retains a cryptographic key common to a group of portable electronic entities. With these provisions, it is possible to secure the communication between the first portable electronic entity and the host station and / or the server to which the first portable electronic entity is connected, without first having to personalize the first portable electronic entity.
• the portable electronic entity as briefly described above includes a microcontroller adapted to operate in slave mode.
• the portable electronic entity only responds to commands, for example from a reader in the case of a microcircuit card.
• the portable electronic entity comprises a secure microcontroller.
• a secure microcontroller For example, it complies with so-called "FIPS" (Federal Information Processing Standard) security requirements, and / or the common criteria and / or ISO7816 standard.
• FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard
• the application is automatically launched after the connection of the portable electronic entity to the host station.
• the entity as briefly described above comprises means for selecting the instructions of said application as a function of the host station. Thanks to these arrangements, the host station can load instructions from an application adapted to operate on this host station, for example depending on its operating system.
• the application may further include a remote server address on a network, which allows the host station to connect to that server without requiring additional information from the user.
• the memory of the electronic entity that stores the personalization application, the identifier of the electronic entity and / or the address of the remote server is for example a ROM (or ROM) of the electronic entity.
• said application loaded, at least partially, on the host station is adapted to receive instructions from said remote server and to transmit them to the second portable electronic entity.
• the instructions received from said remote server are received in the form of at least one group of personalization instructions of the second portable electronic entity, at least one group of personalization instructions comprising at least one control instruction instruction.
• customization allowing the host station to control the proper execution of at least one personalization instruction.
• the personalization server also has a role in defining the customization controls that are executed by the host station.
• the host station's support for these control instructions defined by the Personalization server allows to limit the exchanges between the host station and the server.
• At least one personalization instruction is a directly understandable and executable instruction by the second portable electronic entity.
• the host station does not have to interpret the customization instructions that are directly understandable and executable by the portable electronic entity and only sends them to it.
• At least one customization instruction allows the registration by the second portable electronic entity of data in the memory of the second portable electronic entity.
• At least one control instruction is the result expected from the execution, by the second portable electronic entity, of a personalization instruction.
• the control is therefore particularly easy to implement.
• the control of the expected result of the execution by the portable electronic entity of a personalization instruction is the minimum control instruction which minimizes the exchanges between the host station and the server.
• at least one personalization instruction is an order in APDU format of the ISO 7816 standard.
• At least one control instruction is an answer, in the APDU format of the ISO 7816 standard, of a personalization instruction.
• the present invention thus applies to portable electronic entities implementing this standard.
• the instructions of the application are adapted so that the second electronic entity is the first electronic entity.
• the present invention aims at a method of personalization of a portable electronic entity, called "second”, which comprises: a step of connecting a portable electronic entity, called "first”, to a host station
• FIG. 1 represents, schematically, a particular embodiment of a portable electronic entity that is the subject of the present invention
• FIG. 2 represents, schematically, a particular embodiment of a host station that is the subject of the present invention, connected to a server and
• FIG. 3 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, the steps implemented by the portable electronic entity illustrated in FIG. 1 and by the host station and the server illustrated in FIG. 2, in a particular embodiment of the method object of the present invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a removable portable electronic entity 100, comprising a microcontroller 110, an interface 140 (sometimes called a "hub" according to the English name), which allows the communication of the other elements of the entity with the externally via the connector 105 according to the USB protocol, a controller 130 for managing a memory 120, which emulates a compact disc player (for example of the CD-ROM type).
• the controller 130 here emulates a particular CD-ROM drive to allow the launch automatic program stored in the memory 120, as described below.
• the microcontroller 110 emulates meanwhile a card reader CCID (acronym for "Chip / Smart Card Interface Devices” for integrated circuit card interface devices) and a CID card (acronym for "Card Interface Devices” for device devices). card interface).
• CCID acronym for "Chip / Smart Card Interface Devices” for integrated circuit card interface devices
• CID card acronym for "Card Interface Devices” for device devices. card interface
• the portable electronic entity 100 is of type comprising a non-volatile memory and a microcontroller.
• This is an electronic key called “USB” (acronym for "Universal Serial Bus” for universal serial bus), that is to say a key whose physical interface 105 with a host station complies with the USB specification, and able to communicate according to a protocol conforming to the USB specification.
• the portable electronic entity entity 100 may also be a microcircuit card, for example a microcircuit card compliant with the IS07816 standard or an MMC card (acronym for "MultiMedia Card” for multimedia card).
• a microcircuit card compliant with the IS07816 standard or an MMC card (acronym for "MultiMedia Card” for multimedia card).
• the electronic entity 100 may comprise a contactless communication interface (not shown), preferably a short-range contactless contact interface. It can thus be a contactless smart card or dual interface (both non-contact and contact interface) for example in accordance with the IS014443 standard.
• the portable electronic entity 100 may also be a passport comprising, in the thickness of its cover, a secure microcontroller provided with contactless communication means in accordance with the ISO14443 standard. Customization of such an electronic entity can be achieved using the contactless interface, or the contact interface if the electronic entity also includes one.
• the portable electronic entity 100 may, for example, be used in banking, mobile phone or identification applications, access to an online service (for example voice over IP), pay television.
• an online service for example voice over IP
• the portable electronic entity 100 is of slave type, in the sense that it only responds to commands, for example from a host station or server (see Figure 2) or from a reader, in the case of a microcircuit card.
• the portable electronic entity 100 may take the initiative to send data.
• the microcontroller 110 is secure. Preferably, it complies with so-called “FIPS” security requirements (already referred to above), those referred to as “common criteria” and / or the ISO7816 standard.
• FIPS field-programmable gate array
• the portable electronic entity 100 comprises, in particular:
• the microcontroller 110 which can notably memorize in a read-only memory (or ROM) an entity identifier 122 and an encryption key 124
• the memory 120 which retains instructions from a customization application 121 (possibly including an address 126 of the remote server 250 on a network) and the last received instruction 123.
• the application 121 could be stored in the read-only memory of the microcontroller 110 or in a read-only memory of the controller 130.
• the application 121 it is, preferably, available in the memory 120 of the portable electronic entity 100, in several versions adapted to operate on different types of host station 200, for example with different operating systems. .
• the public key 124 is, for example, generated in parallel with a private key 251. It is observed that this architecture has the advantage of not requiring a CCID component and to make it possible to easily modify the content of the application 121.
• FIG. 2 shows a host station 200 connected via a computer network 225 to a server 250.
• the host station is, for example, of the personal computer, mobile telephone or entity reader type. portable electronics.
• the computer network 225 is, for example, the Internet network.
• the server 250 is, for example a server of the web (in English "web").
• the host station 200 is adapted to receive and to implement, at least partially, the personalization application 121. To do this, it comprises for example an application 221 for automatically launching a program to detect a new reader disk, as it exists on personal computers.
• a remote server 250 implements and holds the public key 124, a private key 251 corresponding to the public key 124 and a portable electronic entity identifier database 260, used as described below.
• step 305 performs an automatic loading of the application 121 in the host station to which the electronic entity is directly connected, step 310.
• This automatic loading can be performed, for example, in the form of the automatic launch (by means of the application 221) of an application "autorun .exe "present in the memory 120 of the electronic entity when the host station 200 detects the compact disc (CD-ROM) emulated by the controller 130 of the memory 120 and reads accordingly the contents of the memory 120 of the entity portable electronics 100, then automatically executes the application 121.
• CD-ROM compact disc
• the automatic launch program 221 of the host station 200 is capable of selecting the application 121 adapted to operate on the host station 200.
• the application 221 selects the one that corresponds to the operating system of the host station 200, for example in practice on the basis of the name of each file comprising the application 121 Then, the application 221 loads and executes the selected application 121. Thus, during a step 315, the host station performs an automatic execution of the application 121.
• the host station connects to the remote server 250 located at the address 126 defined in the application 121.
• the address could for example be provided by the user.
• the host station and the remote server set up a secure exchange between them, for example by defining, together, a single session key or a pair of session keys.
• the application 221 performs an authentication of the remote server 250 by decrypting, with the key 124, a message received from the remote server and comprising, encrypted with the private key 251, the public key 124. It is thus not possible to need to store only one public key 124 within the electronic entity 100 to both decrypt the exchange and authenticate the remote server 250.
• the microcontroller 110 generates a pair of public / private keys and encrypts the public key 116 of this pair with the public key 124 and communicates it to the remote server 250.
• the remote server 250 sends, to the controller 110, encrypted instructions with the public key 116, which it was able to obtain after decryption with the private key 251.
• the portable electronic entity can also memorize a symmetric key (to implement the DES algorithm for example, while the private / public key pair is used with an RSA algorithm for example); furthermore, the part of keys or the key used may be common to all the keys (or portable electronic entities) of the same type / model (corresponding to the same identifier) and encrypt the exchanges between the microcontroller 110 and the remote server 250 using this pair of keys or this key.
• the memory of the portable electronic entity can keep a cryptographic key common to a group of portable electronic entities. It is thus possible to secure the communication between the first portable electronic entity and the host station and / or the server to which the first portable electronic entity is connected, without having to first customize the first portable electronic entity.
• the host station 200 and / or the application 121 communicate to the remote server 250 an identifier 122 of the portable electronic entity, the last command 123 received from the remote server 250, as well as a sequence number associated with this last command 123, for example a sequential sequence number (in order to distinguish identical commands received at different times).
• the identifier stored in memory of the portable electronic entity may be common to several portable electronic entities.
• the portable electronic entity can thus describe its type, its application, its brand and / or its model.
• the identifier 122 may be communicated to the remote server 250 before the authentication step of the remote server described above (the communication of this identifier is not necessarily secure).
• the public key 124 and private key 251 can be selected by the server 250 according to the received identifier.
• the remote server 250 searches, in a database 260, a group of personalization data corresponding to the identifier 122.
• this group of personalization data which comprises a sequence of instructions of customization
• the remote server 250 is positioned at the record following the record corresponding to the last command 123 as received by the portable electronic entity 100.
• the remote server 250 reads the following records, while producing groups of instructions personalization it transmits to the electronic entity 100 where personalization must be performed, via the host station 200, and for example with signing instructions by means of the private key 251 to ensure their integrity.
• the records of the database 260 may, for example, include groups of personalization instructions that include instructions of varying length.
• an instruction to the portable electronic entity includes an instruction number and a type of instruction that indicates whether an expected response is specified and whether it is an instruction to the electronic entity.
• portable to customize that is, for example to update
• the instruction may also comprise instruction codes with, for example, in the case where the instruction is intended for the portable electronic entity to be customized, an instruction length, an APDU command, an expected response length and, optionally, depending on the type of instruction, an expected response content.
• the instruction codes indicate, for example, whether it is a power-up instruction of the electronic entity, a power-off instruction, a clock modification instruction or an exchange protocol selection instruction with the electronic entity.
• the data indicates, for example, a clock frequency or a voltage to be supplied to the portable electronic entity. In these latter cases, the reporting instructions are implicit.
• the server 250 resumes the personalization, in a group of personalization instructions, with the instruction corresponding to the last instruction 123 received by the portable electronic entity 100.
• remote server 250 and the electronic entity communicate with one another in a secure manner, by implementing the session key 116 established during the step 325.
• step 330 we return to step 330 to continue the initialization until there are no more instructions to be transmitted to the portable electronic entity.
• the solution typically consists in encrypting the data transmitted to the entity by the instructions and not the instruction groups. in their whole.
• APDU instruction one typically encrypts at least a portion of the data of the field called "Data Field”. It is necessary that the APDU instructions can be understood by the card.
• the personalization is performed without history, for example when the electronic entity is a USB key and the host station is a personal computer, and when the application includes a user interface, the user can then start the personalization of his choice through this interface.
• the portable electronic entity comprises a connection means to a host station and a memory retaining instructions of an application capable of being executed to achieve the personalization of a portable electronic entity, called "second", possibly different from the first entity. It is thus possible to customize the second portable electronic entity on any host station capable of executing the personalization application.
• the second entity is an integrated circuit of the host station.
• this entity comprises a microcontroller adapted to operate in slave mode.
• the portable electronic entity only responds to commands, for example from a reader in the case of a microcircuit card.
• this entity comprises a secure microcontroller.
• the portable electronic entity complies with so-called "FIPS", "common criteria” and / or ISO7816 security requirements.
• the portable electronic entity comprises security means able to secure at least part of the execution of the application loaded and executed in the host station, according to a predetermined security mode, to ensure that the data stream received and transmitted to this application is only able to be processed by the latter.
• the steps described below are implemented.
• the host station sends the server a customization initialization request comprising identification information of the portable electronic entity to be personalized, in order to initialize the personalization control processing means.
• This request may also include identification information of the host station, allowing the server to address the response, and possibly the type of host station, the server may need this information to know the instructions it can send to destination of the host station.
• the server responds to the host station, either by an error message or by an acknowledgment of receipt if no problem has been encountered.
• the host station identifies the portable electronic entity and communicates an identifier of that entity to the server as well as a customization group request.
• the server Depending on the identifier of the portable electronic entity and the personalization data received elsewhere, the server generates a group of personalization instructions and transmits them to the personalization station, preferably in encrypted, encrypted or encrypted form.
• the personalization server defines the first group of customization instructions so that this group of instructions only ends when, for the next instruction, the server will need the report of the user. at least one of the preceding instructions.
• the host station then receives the group of instructions, i.e. performs the necessary decoding and / or analysis, and transmits each APDU command from the group of instructions to the portable electronic entity.
• the host station performs at least one control instruction of at least one personalization instruction after transmitting, to the portable electronic entity, another personalization instruction not concerned by this control instruction. If, for an APDU command, no control instruction included in the personalization instruction group received concerns this APDU instruction, the host station waits for a portable code from the portable electronic entity that indicates that the customization statement has been successfully executed and checks this standard code. Otherwise, the host station waits for a specific APDU response in a specific time interval, if that specific response and / or time interval is specified in a control statement embedded in the received customization instruction group.
• the personalization of the portable electronic entity is interrupted and a message customization interrupt is transmitted by the host station to the server.
• each response is placed in a buffer (in English "buffer"), in chronological order, with other information of the progress report of the customization (for example, date, time, identifier of the portable electronic entity).
• the host station When, during the processing of the personalization instructions, a report instruction is encountered by the host station, the latter transmits a report message to the server, for example containing the contents of the buffer memory .
• the host station sends a report message including, for example, the contents of the buffer, to the personalization server.
• the server analyzes the report and determines whether to trigger an action based on the result of this analysis. In particular, the server determines whether an error has been detected. If yes, the error is processed. Otherwise, the personalization server determines whether the customization of the portable electronic entity is complete. If so, we load a new portable electronic entity into the host station and reiterate the customization. Otherwise, depending on the identifier of the portable electronic entity, the received account (s) and the personalization data received elsewhere, the personalization server generates a new group of personalization instructions. and transmits them to the host station, preferably in encrypted, encrypted or encrypted form.
• the host station side On the host station side, first, it receives a group of customization instructions from the server. Then, the host station performs an extraction of the next instruction from the last group of personalization instructions received. During the first iteration of this step, the next instruction is the first instruction.
• the host station determines whether the retrieved instruction is associated with a control instruction, that is, here, identifies, in content or in maximum waiting time, a response to be expected from the portable electronic entity. .
• the host station retrieves from the customization instruction group, identifying the answer to wait. Otherwise, the host station stores, as expected response, a standard response, independent of the personalization instruction and, as the maximum waiting time, a standard waiting time.
• the personalization station extracts the APDU command from the extracted instruction and transmits it to the portable electronic entity.
• this instruction allows the registration of data, by the portable electronic entity, in the non-volatile memory EEPROM of the portable electronic entity.
• the host station waits for a response from the portable electronic entity.
• the host station Upon receiving a response from the portable electronic entity or at the end of the maximum waiting period, the host station writes the contents of the command and the possibly empty response to a buffer reporting, chronologically.
• the host station also determines whether the response obtained is identical to the expected response. If not, the host station sends an error message to the server and the contents of the report buffer. If so, the host station determines if the last group of instructions received still has at least one instruction and reiterates, depending on the result, one or the other of the previously described steps.

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• 2006
  • 2006-11-07 FR FR0654769A patent/FR2908209B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-10-30 WO PCT/FR2007/001798 patent/WO2008065264A1/fr active Application Filing
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