EP2080976A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2080976A1
EP2080976A1 EP08017935A EP08017935A EP2080976A1 EP 2080976 A1 EP2080976 A1 EP 2080976A1 EP 08017935 A EP08017935 A EP 08017935A EP 08017935 A EP08017935 A EP 08017935A EP 2080976 A1 EP2080976 A1 EP 2080976A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow path
heat exchanger
fluid
flow
section
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Granted
Application number
EP08017935A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2080976B1 (en
Inventor
Erwin Berger
Ingram Eusch
Thomas Kreiner
Erwin Stricker
Christian Wehling
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Kioto Clear Energy AG
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Kioto Clear Energy AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0093—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, also called heat exchanger. It is a device with which heat or thermal energy can be transferred from one stream to another.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with direct heat transfer from one fluid to another fluid.
  • a heat exchanger is for example part of a solar system (connected to solar panels) or a heat pump, which serve the hot water treatment or heating of heating water.
  • the invention relates to all types of heat exchangers, regardless of whether they operate in countercurrent, direct current or cross flow.
  • Plate heat exchangers for the applications mentioned have long been known. Their efficiency, according to the laws of the first law of thermodynamics, depends on the ratio of absorbed thermal energy on the cold side to the energy delivered on the warm side.
  • heat exchangers are increasingly being used as components of solar technology systems and heat pumps.
  • at least one heat exchanger is integrated into the fluid circuit of the solar power plant and at least one further heat exchanger forms a part of the heat pump system.
  • the heated water through a heat exchanger for example, led into a buffer memory, which can be formed "layered", ie with different temperature zones, with warmer water above and colder water is stored below. Difficult is partly the supply of water in the individual temperature zones of the buffer memory.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger to meet as many of the following requirements:
  • the heat exchanger should have the highest possible efficiency. It should work both in summer operation, for example as part of the solar technology system, but also in winter operation when the solar collectors produce little hot water and is usually switched to a heat pump. Finally, it would be advantageous to be able to remove water of different temperature from the heat exchanger to be able to initiate water of different temperature directly into corresponding zones of a buffer storage.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention is based on the following considerations:
  • the case of application referred to above as the summer operation is basically to be distinguished from the application designated as winter operation.
  • heat is transferred, for example, from a brine of the solar collector to the water
  • second case from a coolant of a heat pump to the water.
  • these different purposes are to be coupled in a heat exchanger.
  • the flow path for the water to be heated is guided so that it can be used both in heat exchange with the brine (for summer operation) and in heat exchange with the refrigerant (for winter operation) can be brought.
  • summer operation may optionally be dispensed with a heat exchange between the refrigerant and water;
  • winter operation if necessary, a heat exchange between brine and water is eliminated.
  • the water to be heated can pass through all zones of the heat exchanger. But it is also possible, for example via a bypass to bridge a portion of the flow path for the water to be heated depending on the application.
  • the first flow path is used, for example, the heating of water and describes a corresponding water cycle.
  • the water is introduced into the heat exchanger via at least a first inlet end (inlet) of low temperature (for example 25 ° C.) and removed via at least a first outlet end (outlet) with elevated temperature (for example 40 ° C. or 65 ° C.).
  • the second flow path describes, for example, the part of a brine circuit of a solar power plant.
  • the brine which is heated for example in a solar collector, enters the heat exchanger via a second inlet end (inlet), for example at 100 ° C., and leaves the heat exchanger at a second outlet end (outlet) at a lower temperature, for example 35 ° C.
  • the first and second flow paths are set up in such a way that the desired heat transfer from the brine to the water takes place.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention goes beyond, since it comprises a third flow path, which serves to supply a third fluid, for example a refrigerant of a heat pump, and in turn via an inlet into the heat exchanger and via an outlet is led out of this.
  • a third fluid for example a refrigerant of a heat pump
  • this third fluid may undergo heat exchange with the first fluid because the first fluid flow path is extended beyond the area along which the first fluid is heat exchanged with the second fluid (eg brine).
  • the second fluid eg brine
  • a "separation" is provided insofar as the second flow path for the second fluid and the third flow path for the third fluid are separated, so do not enter into heat engineering interaction, but only a heat exchange with the first fluid (for example, water) takes place ,
  • the fluid to be heated usually has a larger flow path than the first or third fluid.
  • the first flow path for the first fluid is continued according to the invention by a discrete channel which extends in particular through the first and second flow paths to the first outlet end of the first flow path, for example perpendicular to the main flow direction in the heat exchanger.
  • the channel is at least partially flowed around, depending on the mode of operation of the heat exchanger, by the second fluid or the third fluid.
  • this results in only a small heat exchange due to low heat exchange surface at high flow rate.
  • the second and third flow paths may be separated by a wall, but which may have a fluidic connection between the first and second portions of the first flow path, around the first flow path both in contact with the second fluid and in contact with the third fluid to be able to bring.
  • the channel for recycling the first fluid may be formed by fluid-tight connections of adjacent wall sections of the third flow path and the second section of the first flow path, and fluid-tight connections of adjacent wall sections of the second flow path and the first section of the first flow path. This is illustrated in the following description of the figures.
  • This measure makes it possible to directly feed water of different temperatures into different zones of a connected buffer tank.
  • the heat exchanger described can be advantageously designed as a plate heat exchanger. It consists for example of wavy profiled plates, which are composed so that in each of the successive spaces once the warming up and once the heat-releasing fluid flows.
  • the plate pack of the heat exchanger is sealed to the outside and between the fluids and is held together, for example by means of screws to form a compact unit.
  • the individual plates of the plate heat exchanger can also be soldered together.
  • a plate heat exchanger is shown in each case.
  • the plates (closed wall sections) are shown as solid lines and denoted uniformly by 10.
  • a first flow path 1 is formed between a first inlet end 1E in the heat exchanger and two outlet ends 1A1, 1A2.
  • the first flow path 1 is symbolized by a cross-hatching and the flow direction is indicated by the arrows 1S.
  • FIG. 1 only four flow areas for the first flow path are shown; in practice this will be much more.
  • a second flow path 2 can be seen, which is shown hatched and leads from a second inlet end 2E at the lower end to a second outlet end 2A at the upper end of the heat exchanger.
  • the flow direction for a second fluid, which is passed through the second flow path 2 is indicated by the arrows 2S.
  • first and second flow paths are arranged in countercurrent.
  • the part of the first flow path 1, which is in heat exchange with the second flow path 2, is in FIG. 1 denoted by 1.1 and represents the first section 1.1 of the first flow path 1.
  • a partition wall 20 can be seen, through which the first flow path 1 in the in FIG. 1 left section of the heat exchanger is passed, where a second section 1.2 of the first flow path 1 connects, the flow direction is here from bottom to top, which in turn is indicated by arrows 1S.
  • the second section 1.2 of the first flow path 1 is formed in countercurrent with a third flow path 3, the details of which FIG. 2 result.
  • the third flow path 3 extends from an entrance end at the top (at 3E) to an exit end 3A (at the bottom).
  • FIGS. 1 . 2 shows that the second flow path 2 is completely separate from the third flow path 3, while the first flow path 1 due to the opening in the partition wall 20 with its first section 1.1 in interaction with the second flow channel 2 and with its section 1.2 in interaction with the third Flow channel 3 is.
  • FIGS. 1 . 2 extend from the second section 1.2 of the first flow path 1, two channels 1.3, 1.4, which extend transversely through the heat exchanger and through the flow paths 3, 2 and 1 to the outlet ends 1A1, 1 A2.
  • the channels 1.3, 1.4 circumferentially, as in a pipeline, bounded by a closed wall.
  • This wall is formed here by fluid-tight connections between the plates 10 defining the first, second and third flow paths.
  • honeycomb geometry according to FIG. 3 results from the (not shown here because known) wavy profiling of the plates 10 within the plate heat exchanger.
  • the operation of the illustrated heat exchanger is for example as follows:
  • FIG. 1 In summer operation ( FIG. 1 ) is cold water at 25 ° C at 1E in the heat exchanger and there occurs in countercurrent in contact with a warm brine, which is supplied at 2E, for example, 100 ° C.
  • the heated to 50 ° C water is passed through the first flow path 1 along the sections 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 and 1.4 and taken at 1A1 and 1A2 and directed, for example, in a (not shown) buffer memory.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The heat exchanger has a flow path (1), along which a fluid to be heated is guidable between an inlet end (1E) in the heat exchanger and outlet ends (1A1, 1A2) from the heat exchanger. A flow path (2) and a third flow path are arranged adjacent to sections (1.1, 1.2) of the flow path (1) in a flow direction, respectively. The sections (1.1, 1.2) and the latter flow paths are aligned parallel to each other. Fluidic sections (1.3, 1.4) of the path (1) are provided adjacent to the sections (1.1, 1.2) are guided as a discrete channel diagonally through a part of the path (1) to the outlet ends.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher, auch Wärmeübertrager genannt. Es handelt sich um eine Vorrichtung, mit der Wärme beziehungsweise thermische Energie von einem Stoffstrom auf einen anderen übertragen werden kann. Im Besonderen betrifft die Erfindung einen Wärmetauscher mit direkter Wärmeübertragung von einem Fluid auf ein anderes Fluid. Ein solcher Wärmetauscher ist beispielsweise Bestandteil einer solartechnischen Anlage (an Solarkollektoren angeschlossen) oder einer Wärmepumpe, die der Warmwasseraufbereitung oder Erwärmung von Heizungswasser dienen.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, also called heat exchanger. It is a device with which heat or thermal energy can be transferred from one stream to another. In particular, the invention relates to a heat exchanger with direct heat transfer from one fluid to another fluid. Such a heat exchanger is for example part of a solar system (connected to solar panels) or a heat pump, which serve the hot water treatment or heating of heating water.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf alle Arten von Wärmetauschern, unabhängig ob diese im Gegenstrom, Gleichstrom oder Kreuzstrom arbeiten.The invention relates to all types of heat exchangers, regardless of whether they operate in countercurrent, direct current or cross flow.

Der Stand der Technik und die Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand eines Plattenwärmetauschers näher erläutert, ohne die Erfindung insoweit zu beschränken.The prior art and the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a plate heat exchanger, without limiting the invention in this respect.

Plattenwärmetauscher für die genannten Anwendungszwecke sind seit langem bekannt. Ihr Wirkungsgrad hängt nach den Gesetzen des ersten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik vom Verhältnis der aufgenommenen thermischen Energie auf der kalten Seite zur abgegebenen Energie auf der warmen Seite ab.Plate heat exchangers for the applications mentioned have long been known. Their efficiency, according to the laws of the first law of thermodynamics, depends on the ratio of absorbed thermal energy on the cold side to the energy delivered on the warm side.

In Zeiten hoher Energiepreise finden Wärmetauscher als Bestandteile solartechnischer Anlagen und Wärmepumpen zunehmend Verwendung. Dabei wird mindestens ein Wärmetauscher in den Fluidkreislauf der solartechnischen Anlage eingebunden und mindestens ein weiterer Wärmetauscher bildet einen Bestandteil der Wärmepumpen-Anlage.In times of high energy prices, heat exchangers are increasingly being used as components of solar technology systems and heat pumps. In this case, at least one heat exchanger is integrated into the fluid circuit of the solar power plant and at least one further heat exchanger forms a part of the heat pump system.

Das über einen Wärmetauscher erwärmte Wasser wird beispielsweise in einen Pufferspeicher geführt, der "geschichtet" ausgebildet werden kann, also mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturzonen, wobei wärmeres Wasser oben und kälteres Wasser unten gespeichert wird. Schwierig ist teilweise die Zuführung des Wassers in die einzelnen Temperaturzonen des Pufferspeichers.The heated water through a heat exchanger, for example, led into a buffer memory, which can be formed "layered", ie with different temperature zones, with warmer water above and colder water is stored below. Difficult is partly the supply of water in the individual temperature zones of the buffer memory.

Aus diesem technischen Umfeld ergeben sich zunehmende Anforderungen an Optimierungen der zum Teil komplexen Anlage.This technical environment results in increasing requirements for optimizing the sometimes complex system.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, einen Wärmetauscher zur Verfügung zu stellen, der möglichst viele der nachstehenden Anforderungen erfüllen soll: Der Wärmetauscher soll einen möglichst hohen Wirkungsgrad haben. Er soll sowohl im Sommerbetrieb, beispielsweise als Bestandteil der solartechnischen Anlage, funktionieren, aber auch im Winterbetrieb, wenn die Solarkollektoren wenig Warmwasser produzieren und üblicherweise auf eine Wärmepumpe umgeschaltet wird. Schließlich wäre es vorteilhaft, Wasser unterschiedlicher Temperatur aus dem Wärmetauscher abziehen zu können, um Wasser unterschiedlicher Temperatur in entsprechende Zonen eines Pufferspeichers direkt einleiten zu können.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger to meet as many of the following requirements: The heat exchanger should have the highest possible efficiency. It should work both in summer operation, for example as part of the solar technology system, but also in winter operation when the solar collectors produce little hot water and is usually switched to a heat pump. Finally, it would be advantageous to be able to remove water of different temperature from the heat exchanger to be able to initiate water of different temperature directly into corresponding zones of a buffer storage.

Vor diesem Hintergrund basiert ein erfindungsgemäßer Wärmetauscher auf folgenden Überlegungen:Against this background, a heat exchanger according to the invention is based on the following considerations:

Der vorstehend als Sommerbetrieb bezeichnete Einsatzfall ist grundsätzlich von dem als Winterbetrieb bezeichneten Einsatzfall zu unterscheiden. Im ersten Fall wird Wärme beispielsweise von einer Sole des Solarkollektors auf das Wasser übertragen, im zweiten Fall (Winterbetrieb) von einem Kühlmittel einer Wärmepumpe auf das Wasser. Erfindungsgemäß sollen diese unterschiedlichen Einsatzzwecke in einem Wärmetauscher gekoppelt werden.The case of application referred to above as the summer operation is basically to be distinguished from the application designated as winter operation. In the first case, heat is transferred, for example, from a brine of the solar collector to the water, in the second case (winter operation) from a coolant of a heat pump to the water. According to the invention, these different purposes are to be coupled in a heat exchanger.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dies dann möglich, wenn der Strömungsweg für das zu erwärmende Wasser so geführt ist, dass er sowohl in einen Wärmeaustausch mit der Sole (für den Sommerbetrieb) als auch in einen Wärmeaustausch mit dem Kältemittel (für den Winterbetrieb) gebracht werden kann. Im Sommerbetrieb kann gegebenenfalls auf einen Wärmeaustausch zwischen Kältemittel und Wasser verzichtet werden; im Winterbetrieb entfällt gegebenenfalls ein Wärmeaustausch zwischen Sole und Wasser. In jedem Fall aber kann das zu erwärmende Wasser alle Zonen des Wärmetauschers durchlaufen. Es ist aber ebenso möglich, beispielsweise über einen Bypass einen Teil des Strömungsweges für das zu erwärmende Wasser je nach Anwendungsfall zu überbrücken.According to the invention, this is possible if the flow path for the water to be heated is guided so that it can be used both in heat exchange with the brine (for summer operation) and in heat exchange with the refrigerant (for winter operation) can be brought. In summer operation may optionally be dispensed with a heat exchange between the refrigerant and water; In winter operation, if necessary, a heat exchange between brine and water is eliminated. In any case, the water to be heated can pass through all zones of the heat exchanger. But it is also possible, for example via a bypass to bridge a portion of the flow path for the water to be heated depending on the application.

Danach betrifft die Erfindung in ihrer allgemeinsten Ausführungsform einen Wärmetauscher mit folgenden Merkmalen:

  • einem ersten Strömungsweg, entlang dem ein erstes zu erwärmendes Fluid zwischen einem ersten Eintrittsende in den Wärmetauscher und mindestens einem ersten Austrittsende aus dem Wärmetauscher führbar ist,
  • einem zweiten Strömungsweg, benachbart zu einem in Strömungsrichtung ersten Abschnitt des ersten Strömungswegs, entlang dem ein Wärme abgebendes zweites Fluid zwischen einem zweiten Eintrittsende in den Wärmetauscher und einem zweiten Austrittsende aus dem Wärmetauscher führbar ist,
  • einem dritten Strömungsweg, benachbart zu einem in Strömungsrichtung zweiten Abschnitt des ersten Strömungswegs, entlang dem ein Wärme abgebendes drittes Fluid zwischen einem dritten Eintrittsende zu einem dritten Ausgangsende durch den Wärmetauscher führbar ist, wobei
  • der erste und zweite Abschnitt des ersten Strömungswegs sowie der zweite und dritte Strömungsweg überwiegend parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind, und
  • mindestens ein strömungstechnisch an den zweiten Abschnitt des ersten Strömungswegs anschließender weiterer Abschnitt des ersten Strömungswegs als diskreter Kanal mindestens teilweise quer durch den ersten und zweiten Strömungsweg zum ersten Austrittsende des ersten Strömungswegs führt.
Thereafter, the invention in its most general embodiment relates to a heat exchanger having the following features:
  • a first flow path, along which a first fluid to be heated can be guided between a first inlet end into the heat exchanger and at least one first outlet end out of the heat exchanger,
  • a second flow path, adjacent to a first flow path first portion of the first flow path, along which a heat releasing second fluid is passable between a second inlet end into the heat exchanger and a second outlet end from the heat exchanger;
  • a third flowpath adjacent a downstream portion of the first flowpath along which a heat-releasing third fluid is passable between a third inlet end to a third outlet end through the heat exchanger, wherein
  • the first and second sections of the first flow path and the second and third flow paths are oriented predominantly parallel to one another, and
  • at least one further flow section of the first flow path adjoining the second section of the first flow path as a discrete channel leads at least partially transversely through the first and second flow paths to the first outlet end of the first flow path.

Der erste Strömungsweg dient beispielsweise der Erwärmung von Wasser und beschreibt entsprechend einen Wasserkreislauf. Das Wasser wird über mindestens ein erstes Eintrittsende (Einlauf) mit niedriger Temperatur (beispielsweise 25° C) in den Wärmetauscher hineingeführt und über mindestens ein erstes Austrittsende (Auslauf) mit erhöhter Temperatur (beispielsweise 40° C oder 65° C) entnommen.The first flow path is used, for example, the heating of water and describes a corresponding water cycle. The water is introduced into the heat exchanger via at least a first inlet end (inlet) of low temperature (for example 25 ° C.) and removed via at least a first outlet end (outlet) with elevated temperature (for example 40 ° C. or 65 ° C.).

Der zweite Strömungsweg beschreibt beispielsweise den Teil eines Solekreislaufes einer solartechnischen Anlage.The second flow path describes, for example, the part of a brine circuit of a solar power plant.

Die beispielsweise in einem Solarkollektor erwärmte Sole tritt über ein zweites Eintrittsende (Einlauf) beispielsweise mit 100° C in den Wärmetauscher ein und verlässt den Wärmetauscher an einem zweiten Austrittsende (Auslauf) mit niedrigerer Temperatur, beispielsweise 35° C.The brine, which is heated for example in a solar collector, enters the heat exchanger via a second inlet end (inlet), for example at 100 ° C., and leaves the heat exchanger at a second outlet end (outlet) at a lower temperature, for example 35 ° C.

Aus vorstehender Beschreibung ergibt sich, wie bei einem Wärmetauscher üblich, dass erster und zweiter Strömungsweg so eingerichtet sind, dass es zu dem gewünschten Wärmeübergang von der Sole auf das Wasser kommt.From the above description it follows, as is usual with a heat exchanger, that the first and second flow paths are set up in such a way that the desired heat transfer from the brine to the water takes place.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher geht darüber hinaus, da er einen dritten Strömungsweg umfasst, der der Zuführung eines dritten Fluids, beispielsweise eines Kältemittels einer Wärmepumpe, dient und wiederum über einen Einlauf in den Wärmetauscher hinein und über einen Auslauf aus diesem herausgeführt wird. Entlang des dritten Strömungsweges für das dritte Fluid kann dieses dritte Fluid in einen Wärmeaustausch mit dem ersten Fluid treten, weil der Strömungsweg für das erste Fluid über den Bereich verlängert ist, entlang dem das erste Fluid im Wärmeaustausch mit dem zweiten Fluid (beispielsweise der Sole) steht.The heat exchanger according to the invention goes beyond, since it comprises a third flow path, which serves to supply a third fluid, for example a refrigerant of a heat pump, and in turn via an inlet into the heat exchanger and via an outlet is led out of this. Along the third flow path for the third fluid, this third fluid may undergo heat exchange with the first fluid because the first fluid flow path is extended beyond the area along which the first fluid is heat exchanged with the second fluid (eg brine). stands.

Dabei ist eine "Trennung" insoweit vorgesehen, als der zweite Strömungsweg für das zweite Fluid und der dritte Strömungsweg für das dritte Fluid voneinander getrennt sind, also nicht in wärmetechnische Wechselwirkung treten, sondern jeweils nur ein Wärmeaustausch mit dem ersten Fluid (beispielsweise Wasser) erfolgt.In this case, a "separation" is provided insofar as the second flow path for the second fluid and the third flow path for the third fluid are separated, so do not enter into heat engineering interaction, but only a heat exchange with the first fluid (for example, water) takes place ,

Aus dieser Anordnung ergibt sich, dass das zu erwärmende Fluid in der Regel einen größeren Strömungsweg als das erste oder dritte Fluid aufweist.From this arrangement it follows that the fluid to be heated usually has a larger flow path than the first or third fluid.

Der erste Strömungsweg für das erste Fluid wird erfindungsgemäß fortgesetzt durch einen diskreten Kanal, der sich insbesondere durch den ersten und zweiten Strömungsweg zum ersten Austrittsende des ersten Strömungsweges erstreckt, beispielsweise senkrecht zur HauptStrömungsrichtung im Wärmetauscher.The first flow path for the first fluid is continued according to the invention by a discrete channel which extends in particular through the first and second flow paths to the first outlet end of the first flow path, for example perpendicular to the main flow direction in the heat exchanger.

Dies bedeutet, dass der Kanal zumindest abschnittweise, je nach Fahrweise des Wärmetauschers, von dem zweiten Fluid oder dem dritten Fluid umströmt wird. Hierbei kommt es allerdings nur zu einem geringen Wärmeaustausch aufgrund geringer Wärmeaustauschfläche bei hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit.This means that the channel is at least partially flowed around, depending on the mode of operation of the heat exchanger, by the second fluid or the third fluid. However, this results in only a small heat exchange due to low heat exchange surface at high flow rate.

Der jeweils zweite und dritte Strömungsweg können durch eine Wand voneinander getrennt sein, die jedoch eine strömungstechnische Verbindung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Abschnitt des ersten Strömungsweges aufweisen kann, um den ersten Strömungsweg sowohl in Kontakt mit dem zweiten Fluid als auch in Kontakt mit dem dritten Fluid bringen zu können.The second and third flow paths, respectively, may be separated by a wall, but which may have a fluidic connection between the first and second portions of the first flow path, around the first flow path both in contact with the second fluid and in contact with the third fluid to be able to bring.

Der Kanal für die Rückführung des ersten Fluids kann durch fluiddichte Verbindungen benachbarter Wandabschnitte des dritten Strömungsweges und des zweiten Abschnittes des ersten Strömungsweges gebildet werden sowie durch fluiddichte Verbindungen benachbarter Wandabschnitte des zweiten Strömungswegs und des ersten Abschnitts des ersten Strömungswegs. Dies wird in der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung dargestellt.The channel for recycling the first fluid may be formed by fluid-tight connections of adjacent wall sections of the third flow path and the second section of the first flow path, and fluid-tight connections of adjacent wall sections of the second flow path and the first section of the first flow path. This is illustrated in the following description of the figures.

Wenn zwei weitere Abschnitte des ersten Strömungsweges mit Abstand zueinander an den zweiten Abschnitt des ersten Strömungsweges anschließen, ermöglicht dies, das Fluid mit unterschiedlicher Temperatur aus dem Wärmetauscher abzuziehen, wozu eine weitere Ausführungsform vorschlägt, die Abzweige in Strömungsrichtung des ersten Fluids hintereinander (mit Abstand) anzuordnen, wobei die Temperaturdifferenz umso größer wird, je größer der Abstand der Abzweige zueinander ist.If two further sections of the first flow path connect to the second section of the first flow path at a distance from one another, this makes it possible to withdraw the fluid from the heat exchanger at a different temperature, for which a further embodiment proposes that the branches are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the first fluid. to arrange, the temperature difference is the greater, the greater the distance between the branches to each other.

Mit dieser Maßnahme wird es ermöglicht, Wasser unterschiedlicher Temperatur in unterschiedliche Zonen eines angeschlossenen Pufferspeichers direkt einzuspeisen.This measure makes it possible to directly feed water of different temperatures into different zones of a connected buffer tank.

Der beschriebene Wärmetauscher lässt sich vorteilhaft als Platten-Wärmetauscher ausbilden. Er besteht beispielsweise aus wellenförmig profilierten Platten, die so zusammengesetzt sind, dass jeweils in den aufeinander folgenden Zwischenräumen einmal das aufzuwärmende und einmal das Wärme abgebende Fluid fließt. Das Plattenpaket des Wärmetauschers ist nach außen und zwischen den Fluiden abgedichtet und wird beispielsweise mittels Schrauben zu einer kompakten Einheit zusammengehalten. Die einzelnen Platten des Plattenwärmetauschers können miteinander auch verlötet werden.The heat exchanger described can be advantageously designed as a plate heat exchanger. It consists for example of wavy profiled plates, which are composed so that in each of the successive spaces once the warming up and once the heat-releasing fluid flows. The plate pack of the heat exchanger is sealed to the outside and between the fluids and is held together, for example by means of screws to form a compact unit. The individual plates of the plate heat exchanger can also be soldered together.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche sowie den sonstigen Anmeldungsunterlagen.Other features of the invention will become apparent from the features of the claims and the other application documents.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand verschiedener Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Diese enthalten auch Merkmale, die unabhängig von der konkret dargestellten Ausführungsform für einen erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher einzeln oder in Kombination verwendbar sind.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to various embodiments. These also contain features that can be used individually or in combination independently of the specific embodiment shown for a heat exchanger according to the invention.

Dabei zeigen:

Figur 1:
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher im Sommerbetrieb
Figur 2:
den Wärmetauscher gemäß Figur 1 im Winterbetrieb
Figur 3:
einen Schnitt durch den Wärmetauscher im Bereich des Rückführkanals für ein erstes Fluid.
Showing:
FIG. 1:
a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger in summer mode
FIG. 2:
the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 in winter operation
FIG. 3:
a section through the heat exchanger in the region of the return channel for a first fluid.

In den Figuren ist jeweils ein Plattenwärmetauscher dargestellt. Dabei sind die Platten (geschlossenen Wandabschnitte) als durchgezogene Linien dargestellt und einheitlich mit 10 bezeichnet. Zwischen benachbarten Platten wird ein erster Strömungsweg 1 zwischen einem ersten Eintrittsende 1E in den Wärmetauscher und zwei Austrittsenden 1A1, 1A2 ausgebildet. Der erste Strömungsweg 1 ist durch eine Kreuzschraffur symbolisiert und die Strömungsrichtung durch die Pfeile 1S gekennzeichnet. In Figur 1 sind nur vier Strömungsbereiche für den ersten Strömungsweg dargestellt; in der Praxis werden dies sehr viel mehr sein.In the figures, a plate heat exchanger is shown in each case. In this case, the plates (closed wall sections) are shown as solid lines and denoted uniformly by 10. Between adjacent plates, a first flow path 1 is formed between a first inlet end 1E in the heat exchanger and two outlet ends 1A1, 1A2. The first flow path 1 is symbolized by a cross-hatching and the flow direction is indicated by the arrows 1S. In FIG. 1 only four flow areas for the first flow path are shown; in practice this will be much more.

In der rechten Hälfte von Figur 1 ist ein zweiter Strömungsweg 2 zu erkennen, der schraffiert dargestellt ist und von einem zweiten Eintrittsende 2E am unteren Ende zu einem zweiten Austrittsende 2A am oberen Ende des Wärmetauschers führt. Die Strömungsrichtung für ein zweites Fluid, welches durch den zweiten Strömungsweg 2 geführt wird, ist mit den Pfeilen 2S gekennzeichnet.In the right half of FIG. 1 is a second flow path 2 can be seen, which is shown hatched and leads from a second inlet end 2E at the lower end to a second outlet end 2A at the upper end of the heat exchanger. The flow direction for a second fluid, which is passed through the second flow path 2, is indicated by the arrows 2S.

Es ist zu erkennen, dass erster und zweiter Strömungsweg im Gegenstrom angeordnet sind.It can be seen that the first and second flow paths are arranged in countercurrent.

Der Teil des ersten Strömungsweges 1, der im Wärmeaustausch mit dem zweiten Strömungsweg 2 steht, ist in Figur 1 mit 1.1 bezeichnet und stellt den ersten Abschnitt 1.1 des ersten Strömungsweges 1 dar.The part of the first flow path 1, which is in heat exchange with the second flow path 2, is in FIG. 1 denoted by 1.1 and represents the first section 1.1 of the first flow path 1.

Etwa in der Mitte des Wärmetauschers ist eine Trennwand 20 zu erkennen, durch die der erste Strömungsweg 1 in den in Figur 1 linken Abschnitt des Wärmetauschers hindurchgeführt ist, wo sich ein zweiter Abschnitt 1.2 des ersten Strömungsweges 1 anschließt, wobei die Strömungsrichtung hier von unten nach oben ist, was wiederum durch Pfeile 1S angedeutet wird.Approximately in the middle of the heat exchanger, a partition wall 20 can be seen, through which the first flow path 1 in the in FIG. 1 left section of the heat exchanger is passed, where a second section 1.2 of the first flow path 1 connects, the flow direction is here from bottom to top, which in turn is indicated by arrows 1S.

Der zweite Abschnitt 1.2 des ersten Strömungsweges 1 ist im Gegenstrom mit einem dritten Strömungsweg 3 ausgebildet, dessen Einzelheiten sich aus Figur 2 ergeben. Der dritte Strömungsweg 3 verläuft von einem Eintrittsende oben (bei 3E) zu einem Austrittsende 3A (unten).The second section 1.2 of the first flow path 1 is formed in countercurrent with a third flow path 3, the details of which FIG. 2 result. The third flow path 3 extends from an entrance end at the top (at 3E) to an exit end 3A (at the bottom).

Aus der Zusammenschau der Figuren 1, 2 ergibt sich, dass der zweite Strömungsweg 2 völlig getrennt vom dritten Strömungsweg 3 ist, während der erste Strömungsweg 1 aufgrund der Durchbrechung in der Trennwand 20 mit seinem ersten Abschnitt 1.1 in Wechselwirkung mit dem zweiten Strömungskanal 2 und mit seinem Abschnitt 1.2 in Wechselwirkung mit dem dritten Strömungskanal 3 steht.From the synopsis of FIGS. 1 . 2 shows that the second flow path 2 is completely separate from the third flow path 3, while the first flow path 1 due to the opening in the partition wall 20 with its first section 1.1 in interaction with the second flow channel 2 and with its section 1.2 in interaction with the third Flow channel 3 is.

Gemäß den Figuren 1, 2 verlaufen vom zweiten Abschnitt 1.2 des ersten Strömungsweges 1 zwei Kanäle 1.3, 1.4, die sich quer durch den Wärmetauscher und durch die Strömungswege 3, 2 und 1 zu den Austrittsenden 1A1, 1 A2 erstrecken.According to the FIGS. 1 . 2 extend from the second section 1.2 of the first flow path 1, two channels 1.3, 1.4, which extend transversely through the heat exchanger and through the flow paths 3, 2 and 1 to the outlet ends 1A1, 1 A2.

Wie sich aus Figur 3 ergibt, werden die Kanäle 1.3, 1.4 umfangsseitig, wie bei einer Rohrleitung, durch eine geschlossene Wand begrenzt. Diese Wand wird hier durch fluiddichte Verbindungen zwischen den Platten 10 gebildet, die den ersten, zweiten und dritten Strömungsweg definieren.As it turned out FIG. 3 results, the channels 1.3, 1.4 circumferentially, as in a pipeline, bounded by a closed wall. This wall is formed here by fluid-tight connections between the plates 10 defining the first, second and third flow paths.

Die wabenförmige Geometrie gemäß Figur 3 ergibt sich aus der (hier nicht dargestellten, weil bekannten) gewellten Profilierung der Platten 10 innerhalb des Plattenwärmetauschers.The honeycomb geometry according to FIG. 3 results from the (not shown here because known) wavy profiling of the plates 10 within the plate heat exchanger.

Die Funktionsweise des dargestellten Wärmetauschers ist beispielsweise wie folgt:The operation of the illustrated heat exchanger is for example as follows:

Im Sommerbetrieb (Figur 1) wird kaltes Wasser mit 25° C bei 1E in den Wärmetauscher geführt und tritt dort im Gegenstrom in Kontakt mit einer warmen Sole, die bei 2E mit beispielsweise 100° C zugeführt wird. Das auf 50°C erwärmte Wasser wird über den ersten Strömungsweg 1 entlang der Abschnitte 1.1, 1.2 und 1.3 sowie 1.4 geführt und bei 1A1 und 1A2 entnommen und beispielsweise in einen (nicht dargestellten) Pufferspeicher geleitet.In summer operation ( FIG. 1 ) is cold water at 25 ° C at 1E in the heat exchanger and there occurs in countercurrent in contact with a warm brine, which is supplied at 2E, for example, 100 ° C. The heated to 50 ° C water is passed through the first flow path 1 along the sections 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 and 1.4 and taken at 1A1 and 1A2 and directed, for example, in a (not shown) buffer memory.

Im Winterbetrieb, wenn der Solarkollektor keine ausreichende Erwärmung der Sole ermöglicht, kann die Erwärmung des Wassers über ein Kältemittel einer an den Wärmetauscher angeschlossenen Wärmepumpe erfolgen, wobei das Kältemittel bei 3E in den Wärmetauscher hineingeführt und bei 3A aus dem Wärmetauscher herausgeführt wird. Zwischen Eingang 3E und Ausgang 3A kommt es zum Wärmeaustausch mit dem Wasser entlang des zweiten Abschnitts 1.2 des ersten Strömungsweges.In winter operation, when the solar collector does not allow sufficient heating of the brine, the heating of the water via a refrigerant of a heat pump connected to the heat exchanger can take place, wherein the refrigerant is led into 3E in the heat exchanger and led out at 3A from the heat exchanger. Between input 3E and output 3A there is heat exchange with the water along the second section 1.2 of the first flow path.

Aufgrund der in Strömungsrichtung beabstandeten Anordnung der Kanäle 1.3 und 1.4 kann über die Wasserausgänge 1A1 und 1A2 Wasser unterschiedlicher Temperatur abgezogen werden, wobei das bei 1A1 abgezogene Wasser eine geringere Temperatur hat als das bei 1A2.Due to the spaced arrangement of the channels 1.3 and 1.4 can be withdrawn via the water outlets 1A1 and 1A2 water of different temperature, wherein the withdrawn at 1A1 water has a lower temperature than that in 1A2.

Claims (10)

Wärmetauscher mit folgenden Merkmalen: a) einem ersten Strömungsweg (1), entlang dem ein erstes zu erwärmendes Fluid zwischen einem ersten Eintrittsende (1E) in den Wärmetauscher und mindestens einem ersten Austrittsende (1A) aus dem Wärmetauscher führbar ist, b) einem zweiten Strömungsweg (2), benachbart zu einem in Strömungsrichtung (1S) ersten Abschnitt (1.1) des ersten Strömungswegs (1), entlang dem ein Wärme abgebendes zweites Fluid zwischen einem zweiten Eintrittsende (2E) in den Wärmetauscher und einem zweiten Austrittsende (2A) aus dem Wärmetauscher führbar ist, c) einem dritten Strömungsweg (3), benachbart zu einem in Strömungsrichtung (1S) zweiten Abschnitt (1.2) des ersten Strömungswegs (1), entlang dem ein Wärme abgebendes drittes Fluid zwischen einem dritten Eintrittsende (3E) zu einem dritten Ausgangsende (3A) durch den Wärmetauscher führbar ist, wobei d) der erste und zweite Abschnitt (1.1, 1.2) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) sowie der zweite und dritte Strömungsweg (2, 3) überwiegend parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind und e) mindestens ein strömungstechnisch an den zweiten Abschnitt (1.2) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) anschließender weiterer Abschnitt (1.3, 1.4) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) als diskreter Kanal quer durch mindestens Teile des ersten und zweiten Strömungswegs (1) zum ersten Austrittsende (1A1, 1A2) des ersten. Strömungswegs (1) führt. Heat exchangers with the following features: a) a first flow path (1), along which a first fluid to be heated between a first inlet end (1E) in the heat exchanger and at least a first outlet end (1A) can be guided out of the heat exchanger, b) a second flow path (2) adjacent to a first section (1.1) of the first flow path (1) in the flow direction (1S), along which a heat releasing second fluid between a second inlet end (2E) into the heat exchanger and a second outlet end (2A) can be guided out of the heat exchanger, c) a third flow path (3), adjacent to a second section (1.2) of the first flow path (1) in the flow direction (1S), along which a heat-releasing third fluid between a third inlet end (3E) to a third outlet end (3A) is feasible through the heat exchanger, wherein d) the first and second sections (1.1, 1.2) of the first flow path (1) and the second and third flow paths (2, 3) are aligned predominantly parallel to each other and e) at least one further fluidically connected to the second portion (1.2) of the first flow path (1) further portion (1.3, 1.4) of the first flow path (1) as a discrete channel across at least parts of the first and second flow path (1) to the first exit end (1A1, 1A2) of the first. Flow path (1) leads. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dessen erster Strömungsweg (1) Teil eines Wasserkreislaufs ist.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, whose first flow path (1) is part of a water cycle. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dessen zweiter Strömungsweg (2) Teil eines Solekreislaufs einer solartechnischen Anlage ist.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, whose second flow path (2) is part of a brine circuit of a solar power plant. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dessen dritter Strömungsweg (3) Teil eines Kondensators einer Wärmepumpe ist.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, whose third flow path (3) is part of a condenser of a heat pump. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dessen zweiter und dritter Strömungsweg (2, 3) durch eine Wand (20) voneinander getrennt sind, die eine strömungstechnische Verbindung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Abschnitt (1.1, 1.2) des ersten Strömungswegs (1S) aufweist.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, whose second and third flow paths (2, 3) are separated from each other by a wall (20) having a fluidic connection between the first and second sections (1.1, 1.2) of the first flow path (1S). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dessen weiterer Abschnitt (1.3, 1.4) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) umfangsseitig durch fluiddichte, Verbindungen benachbarter Wandabschnitte des ersten Strömungswegs (1) und des zweiten Abschnitts (1.2) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) sowie durch fluiddichte Verbindungen benachbarter Wandabschnitte des zweiten Strömungswegs (2) und des ersten Abschnitts (1.1) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) begrenzt wird.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, the further section (1.3, 1.4) of the first flow path (1) circumferentially by fluid-tight, connections adjacent wall sections of the first flow path (1) and the second section (1.2) of the first flow path (1) and by fluid-tight connections adjacent Wall portions of the second flow path (2) and the first portion (1.1) of the first flow path (1) is limited. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, bei dem mindestens zwei weitere Abschnitte (1.3, 1.4) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) mit Abstand zueinander an den zweiten Abschnitt (1.2) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) anschließen.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein connect at least two further sections (1.3, 1.4) of the first flow path (1) at a distance from each other to the second section (1.2) of the first flow path (1). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 7, dessen weitere Abschnitte (1.3, 1.4) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) in Strömungsrichtung (1S) des ersten Fluids mit Abstand hintereinander vom zweiten Abschnitt (1.2) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) aus verlaufen.Heat exchanger according to claim 7, whose further sections (1.3, 1.4) of the first flow path (1) run in the flow direction (1S) of the first fluid at a distance from the second section (1.2) of the first flow path (1). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dessen weitere(r) Abschnitt(e) (1.3, 1.4) des ersten Strömungswegs (1) an einen Pufferspeicher anschließbar ist (sind).Heat exchanger according to claim 1, the further section (s) (1.3, 1.4) of the first flow path (1) can be connected to a buffer store (are). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dessen erster, zweiter und dritter Strömungsweg (1, 2, 3) in einem Platten-Wärmetauscher ausgebildet sind.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, whose first, second and third flow paths (1, 2, 3) are formed in a plate heat exchanger.
EP20080017935 2008-01-15 2008-10-14 Heat exchanger Not-in-force EP2080976B1 (en)

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