EP2079287A2 - Electronic pre-switching device with energy measuring device, control method and lighting device - Google Patents

Electronic pre-switching device with energy measuring device, control method and lighting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2079287A2
EP2079287A2 EP09000421A EP09000421A EP2079287A2 EP 2079287 A2 EP2079287 A2 EP 2079287A2 EP 09000421 A EP09000421 A EP 09000421A EP 09000421 A EP09000421 A EP 09000421A EP 2079287 A2 EP2079287 A2 EP 2079287A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
current
electronic ballast
ballast according
secondary circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09000421A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2079287B1 (en
EP2079287A3 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr. Wiebe
Otto Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAG Engineering GmbH
Original Assignee
HUECO LIGHTRONIC GmbH
BAG Engineering GmbH
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Publication of EP2079287A2 publication Critical patent/EP2079287A2/en
Publication of EP2079287A3 publication Critical patent/EP2079287A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/2825—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage
    • H05B41/2827—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage using specially adapted components in the load circuit, e.g. feed-back transformers, piezoelectric transformers; using specially adapted load circuit configurations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic ballast for operating at least one designed in particular as a high-pressure discharge lamp, with a at least one switching transistor having converter which is formed by means of a switching operation of the transistor for generating a voltage varying in polarity on the lamp, with at least one choke and with a current measuring device having a current transducer for detecting the lamp current. Furthermore, the invention relates to a particular provided with a lamp designed as a high-pressure discharge lamp lighting device with such a ballast and a method for operating an electronic ballast.
  • a supply voltage which changes in polarity is required for reducing the wear of the lamp electrodes.
  • the average value of the lamp current used for the current and power control can be determined by the mean value of the inductor current.
  • the peak value of the inductor current is important for safety shutdowns and also control methods.
  • current transformers can be used for the measurement of the inductor current, which results from the current through the at least one switching transistor.
  • the current transformer of the generic Device is connected with its at least one primary coil, for example, directly between the reactor and transistor.
  • the detection of currents of alternating polarity is undesirable for the processing of the current signal. It is therefore important to maintain the shape and polarity of the measured signal independently of the alternating DC power source.
  • the secondary coil of the current transformer in the secondary circuit in comparatively expensive and expensive rectifier circuits, for example, consisting of a plurality of diodes full-bridge rectifier integrated.
  • the voltage drops on these diodes lead to inaccurate control and unsafe shutdown of the lamp current.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore with minimal effort to realize a shape, amplitude, and / or phase-accurate current evaluation.
  • the object is achieved by an electronic ballast according to claim 1, a lighting device according to claim 11 and a method for operating an electronic ballast according to claim 12.
  • the series-connected coils (inductor and primary coil / winding) are decoupled via the diode with respect to the varying supply voltage.
  • the phase, shape and value of the measurement signal is independent of the polarity of the alternating DC power supply.
  • the voltage drop across the diode on the primary coil side, that is on the current measuring side, is negligible.
  • Cheap, yet current-resistant diodes can be used.
  • the secondary circuit is part of the electronic ballast and not necessarily separated from the supply of the lamp.
  • the secondary circuit which comprises a part of the current transformer, preferably has a measuring resistor (shunt) and at least one secondary coil. Due to the shift of the diodes from the region of the secondary coil to the primary coil, no voltage drop across rectifier circuits disturbs the measurement in the secondary circuit at the shunt. Such a current measurement can also be used for other alternating supply voltages.
  • the current transformer has two primary coils, which are each decoupled via a diode associated with the primary coil and connected in series to the throttle. Erroneous state constitutions by two primary coils simultaneously flowing currents are avoided.
  • the serially to the throttle and parallel arranged primary coils allow a continuous current measurement. For example, the beginning of the second primary winding is connected to the end of the first primary winding and the beginning of the first primary winding to the cathode of the first diode. At the same time, the end of the second primary winding is correspondingly connected to the anode of the second diode and the anode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the second diode. It is understood that the circuit can also be structured differently.
  • the diodes associated with the primary windings may preferably be Schottky diodes which offer their speed and smaller losses.
  • the peak value of the current measured by the storage and / or evaluation units is used to determine the turn-off point of the transistors, wherein at a current of, for example, 1 A, the resolution is in the range of a few mA.
  • the electronic ballast is therefore provided with a secondary circuit which has two series-connected diodes parallel to the secondary coil, one of which is preferably a Zener diode.
  • the diodes are preferably connected in opposite directions and limit the voltage introduced by the secondary coil into the secondary circuit. It can therefore be installed in the secondary circuit cheaper diodes.
  • the electronic ballast comprises a bridge converter for generating a supply power of the lamp.
  • the bridge converter in this case has at least two switching transistors, which the lamp with an alternating Supply voltage.
  • the primary coil is connected to the center tap of the particular designed as a half-bridge converter bridge converter between the two switching transistors. The same applies at one end to the lamp, which abuts the other end via intermediate capacitors on the two supply branches of the electronic ballast. Therefore, there is a potential between the two supply branches at this end.
  • the primary coil is located on the side of the switching transistors and thus absorbs the voltage generated by the circuit.
  • switching capacitors may also be provided instead of the capacitances.
  • the so-formed full bridge supplies the lamp with higher voltage via the diagonal bridge, but is more expensive by using two transistors.
  • a half-bridge circuit leads using the accurately measuring and yet cheap current measuring device to a correspondingly inexpensive ballast with current measuring device.
  • the secondary circuit of the electronic ballast so the secondary coil with associated measuring shunt, on one of the primary coil opposite side of the lighting device connected to the center tap of the bridge converter.
  • the electronic ballast is provided with a secondary circuit which is connected to one of the supply branches for supplying the lamp, preferably the high-pressure lamp.
  • a secondary circuit which is connected to one of the supply branches for supplying the lamp, preferably the high-pressure lamp.
  • the secondary circuit can also be arranged on the supply branch having a higher potential.
  • An electronic ballast according to the invention advantageously has an RC element arranged on the measuring shunt, or an RC filter as a low-pass filter, for detecting an average value of the voltage arising in the secondary circuit and the resulting calculation of the average lamp current.
  • the acquisition of the mean value is therefore realized via simple and inexpensive components.
  • An electronic ballast is in particular provided with one of the half or full bridge associated power factor correction circuit, in the simplest case a simple Hochsetzer, for generating the supply potentials.
  • the circuit of an optional bridge circuit is preferably effected via known microcontroller or corresponding circuits.
  • the object is further achieved by a lighting device according to claim 11, which preferably has a high-pressure discharge lamp.
  • the lighting device comprises an electronic ballast as described above.
  • the lighting device is cheaper due to the simple circuit and is more precise to regulate and switch. This is especially often the case at the moment advantageous in comparison with conventional lamps more expensive high-pressure discharge lamps.
  • a method according to claim 12 of the solution of the problem is also used.
  • the latter In the method according to the invention for operating an electronic ballast for a lamp designed in particular as a high-pressure discharge lamp with a converter having at least one switching transistor, the latter generates a voltage which changes in its polarity at the high-pressure discharge lamp by means of a switching operation of the transistor.
  • the lamp current is limited by an associated throttle and detected by means of a current measuring device having a current transducer.
  • the throttle is part of the buck converter for providing the correct lamp voltage.
  • the current transformer has as described above at least one primary coil which is connected via a diode in series with the throttle and decoupled from this.
  • the measuring signal is introduced by the current transformer into a secondary circuit in which the lamp current is detected in terms of shape, phase and / or amplitude.
  • the current transformer is thus part of the primary circuit and part of the secondary circuit.
  • a ballast for a ballast according to the prior art is in Fig. 1 the inductor current I2 and the voltage Ush applied to the measuring resistor or shunt over time. If a transistor of the ballast goes to a closed position in an open position, the current drops across the throttle and changes its sign. The voltage at the shunt no longer follows the current. The primary winding, parasitic capacitances and the rectifier located in the primary circuit on the side of the choke lead to the curve of the voltage Ush. This leads to an erroneous detection of the actual operating conditions of the ballast and an associated lamp.
  • the lamp is due to the improved evaluation of its operating condition much better controllable.
  • the inventive circuit according to Fig. 2 shows a lamp LP, which is integrated in a half-bridge circuit. While the right pole of the lamp LP in the figure has a potential in the middle of the two supply branches via the two capacitors C4 and C5, the left pole of the lamp LP in FIG. 2 is connected via two switching transistors S1 and S2, for example MOSFETs the throttle L2 is switched back and forth between the potentials of the two supply branches.
  • the supply voltage is a DC voltage U0 between the two supply branches of eg 400 V. U0 is preferably generated by rectification of mains voltage and power factor correction. Between the poles of the lamp LP there is a DC voltage U2-U0 / 2, which varies in low-frequency with regard to its polarity, in the order of, for example, 75 V-200 V.
  • the DC link voltage is reduced via a step-down converter of a switching transistor (S1), a choke L2 and a filter capacitor to the required lamp voltage.
  • the capacitance of the filter capacitor results in the embodiment of the total capacitance of the capacitors C1 - C3.
  • the mean value of the lamp current I2 can be determined by measuring the mean value of the inductor current I2.
  • the igniter G1 generates in a manner known per se an ignition voltage, wherein at the same time the capacitor C3 for a suppression of the circuit during the Ignition ensures.
  • L2 is in series with the lamp LP. Between L2 and LP two primary windings of a current transformer are connected in parallel with each other. Both primary windings L1A and L1B have a low turn number. L1A and L1B are each associated with a diode (D1 or D2), which allows the current to be diverted to the points of acceptance for the voltages U1 and U2 in different directions. The coils or primary windings L1A and L1B are decoupled.
  • the secondary circuit with the secondary winding of the current transformer L1C can be dispensed according to the invention to complex rectifier circuits, since the two primary coils of the current transformer are decoupled by the diodes arranged in the primary circuit.
  • the voltage Ush at the measuring resistor / shunt Rsh runs partly opposite to the inductor current I2 (see FIG. Fig. 3 ), is always rectified and thus independent of the sign of the inductor current.
  • D3 may be formed, for example, as a Schottky diode.
  • an RC element consisting of capacitor and resistor is preferably arranged for average value measurement.
  • the secondary circuit may for example also be arranged between C4 and C5 or C4 and S1.
  • Free-wheeling diodes DS1 and DS2 are associated with the transistors S1 and S2, by means of which the current through L2 is temporarily maintained after the respective other switch has been opened.
  • Transistors S1 and S2 may additionally be assigned capacitors for reducing the load during switching.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

The ballast has a transformer generating a voltage changing in its polarity at a lamp (LP) by switching operation of switching transistors (S1, S2), an inductor (L2) and a current measuring device for detecting lamp current. The transformer has two primary coils (L1A, L1B) which are connected to diodes (D1, D2) in series to the inductor for detecting lamp current in a secondary circuit connected to the current measuring device in a form, phase and amplitude-accurate manner. The secondary circuit has diodes connected parallel to a secondary coil (L1C), where one of the diode is a Zener-diode. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating an electronic ballast.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät zum Betreiben zumindest einer insbesondere als Hochdruckentladungslampe ausgebildeten Lampe, mit einem zumindest einen Schalttransistor aufweisenden Wandler, welcher mittels eines Schaltbetriebs des Transistors zur Erzeugung einer in ihrer Polarität an der Lampe wechselnden Spannung ausgebildet ist, mit wenigstens einer Drossel sowie mit einer einen Stromwandler aufweisenden Strommesseinrichtung zur Erfassung des Lampenstroms. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein insbesondere mit einer als Hochdruckentladungslampe ausgebildeten Lampe versehenes Beleuchtungsgerät mit einem solchen Vorschaltgerät sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts.The invention relates to an electronic ballast for operating at least one designed in particular as a high-pressure discharge lamp, with a at least one switching transistor having converter which is formed by means of a switching operation of the transistor for generating a voltage varying in polarity on the lamp, with at least one choke and with a current measuring device having a current transducer for detecting the lamp current. Furthermore, the invention relates to a particular provided with a lamp designed as a high-pressure discharge lamp lighting device with such a ballast and a method for operating an electronic ballast.

Für eine elektrische Lampe, insbesondere eine Hochdruckentladungslampe wird eine in ihrer Polarität wechselnde Versorgungsspannung zur Verringerung der Abnutzung der Lampenelektroden benötigt. Der Mittelwert des Lampenstroms, der für die Strom- und Leistungsregelung benutzt wird, kann durch den Mittelwert des Drosselstroms ermittelt werden. Der Peakwert des Drosselstroms ist für Sicherheitsabschaltungen und ebenfalls Regelungsverfahren wichtig. Für die Messung des Drosselstroms, der sich aus dem Strom durch den zumindest einen Schalttransistor ergibt, können Stromwandler verwendet werden. Der Stromwandler der gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist mit seiner zumindest einen Primärspule beispielsweise direkt zwischen Drossel und Transistor geschaltet.For an electric lamp, in particular a high-pressure discharge lamp, a supply voltage which changes in polarity is required for reducing the wear of the lamp electrodes. The average value of the lamp current used for the current and power control can be determined by the mean value of the inductor current. The peak value of the inductor current is important for safety shutdowns and also control methods. For the measurement of the inductor current, which results from the current through the at least one switching transistor, current transformers can be used. The current transformer of the generic Device is connected with its at least one primary coil, for example, directly between the reactor and transistor.

Die Erfassung von Strömen wechselnder Polarität ist für die Verarbeitung des Stromsignals jedoch unerwünscht. Es ist daher wichtig, die Form und Polarität des gemessenen Signals unabhängig von der alternierenden Gleichspannungsversorgungsquelle zu erhalten. Hierfür wird die Sekundärspule des Stromwandlers in der Sekundärschaltung in vergleichsweise aufwendige und teure Gleichrichterschaltungen, beispielsweise aus einer Vielzahl von Dioden bestehende Vollbrückengleichrichter, integriert. Die Spannungsabfälle an diesen Dioden führen jedoch zu einer ungenauen Regelung und einer unsicheren Abschaltung des Lampenstroms.However, the detection of currents of alternating polarity is undesirable for the processing of the current signal. It is therefore important to maintain the shape and polarity of the measured signal independently of the alternating DC power source. For this purpose, the secondary coil of the current transformer in the secondary circuit in comparatively expensive and expensive rectifier circuits, for example, consisting of a plurality of diodes full-bridge rectifier integrated. However, the voltage drops on these diodes lead to inaccurate control and unsafe shutdown of the lamp current.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher mit minimalem Aufwand eine form-, amplituden-, und/oder phasengenaue Stromauswertung zu realisieren.Object of the present invention is therefore with minimal effort to realize a shape, amplitude, and / or phase-accurate current evaluation.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät gemäß Anspruch 1, ein Beleuchtungsgerät gemäß Anspruch 11 und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts gemäß Anspruch 12.The object is achieved by an electronic ballast according to claim 1, a lighting device according to claim 11 and a method for operating an electronic ballast according to claim 12.

Durch die Verwendung einer über eine Diode in Serie zu der Drossel geschaltete Primärspule kann auf eine in der Sekundärschaltung vorhandene Gleichrichterschaltung verzichtet werden. Die in Serie geschalteten Spulen (Drossel und Primärspule/ -wicklung) sind über die Diode hinsichtlich der variierenden Versorgungsspannung entkoppelt. Die Phase, die Form und der Wert des Messsignals ist unabhängig von der Polarität der alternierenden Gleichspannungsversorgung. Der Spannungsabfall über die Diode auf der Primärspulenseite, dass heißt auf der Strommessseite, ist vernachlässigbar. Günstige und dennoch stromfeste Dioden sind verwendbar. Die Sekundärschaltung ist hierbei Teil des elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts und nicht notwendigerweise von der Versorgung der Lampe getrennt.By using a diode connected in series with the reactor primary coil can be dispensed with existing in the secondary circuit rectifier circuit. The series-connected coils (inductor and primary coil / winding) are decoupled via the diode with respect to the varying supply voltage. The phase, shape and value of the measurement signal is independent of the polarity of the alternating DC power supply. The voltage drop across the diode on the primary coil side, that is on the current measuring side, is negligible. Cheap, yet current-resistant diodes can be used. The secondary circuit is part of the electronic ballast and not necessarily separated from the supply of the lamp.

Die Sekundärschaltung, die einen Teil des Stromwandlers umfasst, weist vorzugsweise einen Messwiderstand (Shunt) und zumindest eine Sekundärspule auf. Aufgrund der Verlagerung der Dioden aus dem Bereich der Sekundärspule hin zur Primärspule stört kein Spannungsabfall über Gleichrichterschaltungen die Messung in der Sekundärschaltung am Shunt. Eine solche Strommessung kann auch bei sonstigen alternierenden Versorgungsspannungen eingesetzt werden.The secondary circuit, which comprises a part of the current transformer, preferably has a measuring resistor (shunt) and at least one secondary coil. Due to the shift of the diodes from the region of the secondary coil to the primary coil, no voltage drop across rectifier circuits disturbs the measurement in the secondary circuit at the shunt. Such a current measurement can also be used for other alternating supply voltages.

Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist eine Ausbildung der Erfindung, bei der der Stromwandler zwei Primärspulen aufweist, die jeweils über eine den Primärspulen zugeordnete Diode entkoppelt und seriell zur Drossel geschaltet sind. Fehlerhafte Zustandsverfassungen durch gleichzeitig zwei Primärspulen fließende Ströme werden vermieden. Die seriell zur Drossel und parallel zueinander angeordneten Primärspulen ermöglichen eine kontinuierliche Strommessung. Beispielsweise ist der Anfang der zweiten Primärwicklung mit dem Ende der ersten Primärwicklung und der Anfang der ersten Primärwicklung mit der Kathode der ersten Diode geschaltet. Gleichzeitig ist das Ende der zweiten Primärwicklung entsprechend mit der Anode der zweiten Diode und die Anode der ersten Diode mit der Kathode der zweiten Diode verbunden. Es versteht sich, dass die Schaltung auch anders aufgebaut sein kann.Also advantageous is an embodiment of the invention in which the current transformer has two primary coils, which are each decoupled via a diode associated with the primary coil and connected in series to the throttle. Erroneous state constitutions by two primary coils simultaneously flowing currents are avoided. The serially to the throttle and parallel arranged primary coils allow a continuous current measurement. For example, the beginning of the second primary winding is connected to the end of the first primary winding and the beginning of the first primary winding to the cathode of the first diode. At the same time, the end of the second primary winding is correspondingly connected to the anode of the second diode and the anode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the second diode. It is understood that the circuit can also be structured differently.

Die den Primärwicklungen zugeordneten Dioden können vorzugsweise Schottky-Dioden sein, die sich aufgrund ihrer Schnelligkeit und ihren kleineren Verlusten anbieten.The diodes associated with the primary windings may preferably be Schottky diodes which offer their speed and smaller losses.

Der von der Speicher- und/oder Auswerteeinheiten aufweisenden Strommesseinrichtung gemessene Peakwert des Stroms wird zur Bestimmung des Abschaltpunktes der Transistoren verwendet, wobei bei einem Strom von beispielsweise 1 A die Auflösung im Bereich von wenigen mA liegt.The peak value of the current measured by the storage and / or evaluation units is used to determine the turn-off point of the transistors, wherein at a current of, for example, 1 A, the resolution is in the range of a few mA.

Sofern der von den Primärwicklungen zu messende Strom einen Nulldurchgang aufweist bzw. Null wird, kann über der Sekundärwicklung eine vergleichsweise hohe Spannung von beispielsweise rund 50 Volt anfallen. Die in der Sekundärschaltung noch vorhandenen Dioden sind daher spannungsfest auszubilden und entsprechend teuer. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist das elektronische Vorschaltgerät daher mit einer Sekundärschaltung versehen, die parallel zu der Sekundärspule zwei seriell angeordnete Dioden aufweist, von denen eine vorzugsweise eine Zener-Diode ist. Die Dioden sind vorzugsweise gegenläufig geschaltet und begrenzen die von der Sekundärspule in die Sekundärschaltung eingeführte Spannung. Es können daher in der Sekundärschaltung günstigere Dioden verbaut werden.If the current to be measured by the primary windings has a zero crossing or becomes zero, a comparatively high voltage of, for example, around 50 volts can be produced across the secondary winding. The remaining in the secondary circuit diodes are therefore designed to be voltage resistant and correspondingly expensive. In a preferred embodiment, the electronic ballast is therefore provided with a secondary circuit which has two series-connected diodes parallel to the secondary coil, one of which is preferably a Zener diode. The diodes are preferably connected in opposite directions and limit the voltage introduced by the secondary coil into the secondary circuit. It can therefore be installed in the secondary circuit cheaper diodes.

Vorteilhafterweise umfasst das elektronische Vorschaltgerät einen Brückenwandler zur Erzeugung einer Versorgungsleistung der Lampe. Der Brückenwandler weist hierbei zumindest zwei Schalttransistoren auf, die die Lampe mit einer alternierenden Spannung versorgen. Die Primärspule ist an den Mittenabgriff des insbesondere als Halbbrückenwandler ausgebildeten Brückenwandlers zwischen den beiden Schalttransistoren angeschlossen. Gleiches gilt einenends für die Lampe, die anderenends über zwischengeschaltete Kapazitäten an den beiden Versorgungsästen des elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts anliegt. An diesem Ende liegt daher ein Potential zwischen den beiden Versorgungsästen an. Die Primärspule befindet sich auf Seite der Schalttransistoren und nimmt somit die durch deren Schaltung erzeugte Spannung auf.Advantageously, the electronic ballast comprises a bridge converter for generating a supply power of the lamp. The bridge converter in this case has at least two switching transistors, which the lamp with an alternating Supply voltage. The primary coil is connected to the center tap of the particular designed as a half-bridge converter bridge converter between the two switching transistors. The same applies at one end to the lamp, which abuts the other end via intermediate capacitors on the two supply branches of the electronic ballast. Therefore, there is a potential between the two supply branches at this end. The primary coil is located on the side of the switching transistors and thus absorbs the voltage generated by the circuit.

Alternativ können an Stelle der Kapazitäten auch Schalttransistoren vorgesehen sein. Die so ausgebildete Vollbrücke versorgt über die Diagonalbrücke die Lampe mit höherer Spannung, ist jedoch durch die Verwendung zweier Transistoren teurer. Eine Halbbrückenschaltung führt unter Verwendung der genau messenden und dennoch günstigen Strommesseinrichtung zu einem entsprechend kostengünstigen Vorschaltgerät mit Strommesseinrichtung.Alternatively, switching capacitors may also be provided instead of the capacitances. The so-formed full bridge supplies the lamp with higher voltage via the diagonal bridge, but is more expensive by using two transistors. A half-bridge circuit leads using the accurately measuring and yet cheap current measuring device to a correspondingly inexpensive ballast with current measuring device.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung ist die Sekundärschaltung des elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts, also die Sekundärspule mit zugehörigem Messshunt, auf einer der Primärspule entgegen gesetzten Seite des Beleuchtungsgeräts am Mittenabgriff des Brückenwandlers geschaltet. Dies weist je nach Realisierung der Schaltung Vorteile auf und kann aufgrund der Potentialtrennung der Sekundärschaltung ohne Weiteres vorgenommen werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the secondary circuit of the electronic ballast, so the secondary coil with associated measuring shunt, on one of the primary coil opposite side of the lighting device connected to the center tap of the bridge converter. This has advantages depending on the realization of the circuit and can be carried out readily due to the potential separation of the secondary circuit.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist das elektronische Vorschaltgerät mit einer Sekundärschaltung versehen, die auf einem der Versorgungsäste zur Versorgung der Lampe, vorzugsweise der Hochdrucklampe, geschaltet ist. Hier bietet sich insbesondere das Nullpotential an. Je nach gewünschter Bauweise kann die Sekundärschaltung auch auf dem ein höheres Potential aufweisenden Versorgungsast angeordnet sein.Particularly advantageously, the electronic ballast is provided with a secondary circuit which is connected to one of the supply branches for supplying the lamp, preferably the high-pressure lamp. Here, in particular, offers the zero potential. Depending on the desired construction, the secondary circuit can also be arranged on the supply branch having a higher potential.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes elektronisches Vorschaltgerät weist vorteilhafterweise zur Erfassung eines Mittelwerts der in der Sekundärschaltung anfallenden Spannung und der hieraus erfolgenden Berechnung des mittleren Lampenstroms ein an dem Messshunt angeordnetes RC-Glied, bzw. einen RC-Filter als Tiefpassfilter auf. Die Erfassung des Mittelwerts wird demnach über einfache und kostengünstige Bauteile realisiert.An electronic ballast according to the invention advantageously has an RC element arranged on the measuring shunt, or an RC filter as a low-pass filter, for detecting an average value of the voltage arising in the secondary circuit and the resulting calculation of the average lamp current. The acquisition of the mean value is therefore realized via simple and inexpensive components.

Ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät ist insbesondere mit einer der Halb- oder Vollbrücke zugeordneten Leistungsfaktorkorrekturschaltung, im einfachsten Fall einem einfachen Hochsetzer, zur Erzeugung der Versorgungspotentiale versehen. Die Schaltung einer gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Brückenschaltung wird vorzugsweise über bekannte Mikrokontroller oder entsprechende Schaltungen bewirkt.An electronic ballast is in particular provided with one of the half or full bridge associated power factor correction circuit, in the simplest case a simple Hochsetzer, for generating the supply potentials. The circuit of an optional bridge circuit is preferably effected via known microcontroller or corresponding circuits.

Die Aufgabe wird des Weiteren gelöst durch ein Beleuchtungsgerät gemäß Anspruch 11, welches vorzugsweise eine Hochdruckentladungslampe aufweist. Das Beleuchtungsgerät umfasst ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät wie vorbeschrieben. Das Beleuchtungsgerät baut aufgrund der einfachen Schaltung günstiger und ist präziser zu regeln und zu schalten. Dies ist insbesondere für die derzeit noch oftmals im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Lampen teureren Hochdruckentladungslampen vorteilhaft.The object is further achieved by a lighting device according to claim 11, which preferably has a high-pressure discharge lamp. The lighting device comprises an electronic ballast as described above. The lighting device is cheaper due to the simple circuit and is more precise to regulate and switch. This is especially often the case at the moment advantageous in comparison with conventional lamps more expensive high-pressure discharge lamps.

Schließlich dient auch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 der Lösung der Aufgabe. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts für eine insbesondere als Hochdruckentladungslampe ausgebildete Lampe mit einem zumindest einen Schalttransistor aufweisenden wandler erzeugt dieser mittels eines Schaltbetriebs des Transistors eine in ihrer Polarität an der Hochdruckentladungslampe wechselnde Spannung. Der Lampenstrom wird über eine zugehörige Drossel begrenzt und mittels einer einen Stromwandler aufweisenden Strommesseinrichtung erfasst. Die Drossel ist hierbei gleichzeitig Teil des Tiefsetzers zur Bereitstellung der korrekten Lampenspannung.Finally, a method according to claim 12 of the solution of the problem is also used. In the method according to the invention for operating an electronic ballast for a lamp designed in particular as a high-pressure discharge lamp with a converter having at least one switching transistor, the latter generates a voltage which changes in its polarity at the high-pressure discharge lamp by means of a switching operation of the transistor. The lamp current is limited by an associated throttle and detected by means of a current measuring device having a current transducer. At the same time, the throttle is part of the buck converter for providing the correct lamp voltage.

Der Stromwandler verfügt wie vorbeschrieben über zumindest eine Primärspule, die über eine Diode in Serie zu der Drossel geschaltet und von dieser entkoppelt ist. Das Messsignal wird von dem Stromwandler in eine Sekundärschaltung eingeleitet, in der der Lampenstrom form-, phasen- und/oder amplitudengenau erfasst wird. Der Stromwandler ist somit Teil der Primärschaltung und Teil der Sekundärschaltung. Die Entkoppelung der zumindest einen Primärspule von der Drossel und die Verlagerung eines Teils der für die Messung benötigten Dioden aus der Sekundärschaltung in den Primärkreis verbessert die Abbildung des Drosselstroms.The current transformer has as described above at least one primary coil which is connected via a diode in series with the throttle and decoupled from this. The measuring signal is introduced by the current transformer into a secondary circuit in which the lamp current is detected in terms of shape, phase and / or amplitude. The current transformer is thus part of the primary circuit and part of the secondary circuit. The decoupling of the at least one primary coil from the throttle and the displacement of a portion of the required for the measurement diodes from the secondary circuit in the primary circuit improves the mapping of the inductor current.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung lassen sich der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung entnehmen. In den schematischen Abbildungen zeigt:

Fig. 1
Messdaten einer Strommesseinrichtung eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts nach dem Stand der Technik,
Fig. 2
eine Schaltung eines Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Hochdruckentladungslampe,
Fig. 3
Messdaten des Gegenstands nach Fig. 2.
Further details and advantages of the invention can be taken from the following description of the figures. In the schematic figures shows:
Fig. 1
Measurement data of a current measuring device of an electronic ballast according to the prior art,
Fig. 2
a circuit of an embodiment with a high-pressure discharge lamp,
Fig. 3
Measured data of the object Fig. 2 ,

Für ein Vorschaltgerät nach dem Stand der Technik ist in Fig. 1 der Drosselstrom I2 und die Spannung Ush am Messwiderstand bzw. Shunt über der Zeit aufgetragen. Sofern ein Transistor des Vorschaltgeräts nach einer Geschlossenstellung in eine Offenstellung übergeht, sinkt der Strom über die Drossel und ändert sein Vorzeichen. Die Spannung am Shunt folgt nicht mehr dem Strom. Die auf Seiten der Drossel im Primärkreis befindliche Primärwicklung, parasitäre Kapazitäten und die im Messkreis des Shunts befindliche Gleichrichter führen zu dem gezeigten Verlauf der Spannung Ush. Dies führt zu einer fehlerhaften Erfassung der tatsächlichen Betriebszustände des Vorschaltgeräts und einer zugehörigen Lampe.For a ballast according to the prior art is in Fig. 1 the inductor current I2 and the voltage Ush applied to the measuring resistor or shunt over time. If a transistor of the ballast goes to a closed position in an open position, the current drops across the throttle and changes its sign. The voltage at the shunt no longer follows the current. The primary winding, parasitic capacitances and the rectifier located in the primary circuit on the side of the choke lead to the curve of the voltage Ush. This leads to an erroneous detection of the actual operating conditions of the ballast and an associated lamp.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel (eines Teils) einer Schaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Vorschaltgeräts bzw. eines erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtungsgeräts gemäß Fig. 2 hingegen führt zu einer form-, amplituden- und phasengenauen Messung gemäß Fig. 3. Die Lampe ist aufgrund der verbesserten Auswertung ihres Betriebszustandes deutlich besser regelbar. Der Drosselstrom I2 und die Spannung Ush am Shunt kongruieren bzw. verlaufen im Bereich negativen Stroms 12 entgegengesetzt analog.An embodiment (a part) of a circuit of a ballast according to the invention or a lighting device according to the invention according to Fig. 2 however, leads to a shape, amplitude and phase measurement according to Fig. 3 , The lamp is due to the improved evaluation of its operating condition much better controllable. The inductor current I2 and the voltage Ush at the shunt congruence or run in the region of negative current 12 in the opposite manner.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltung gemäß Fig. 2 zeigt eine Lampe LP, die in eine Halbbrückenschaltung integriert ist. Während der in der Fig. rechte Pol der Lampe LP über die beiden Kondensatoren C4 und C5 ein Potential in der Mitte der beiden Versorgungsäste aufweist, wird der in der Fig. linke Pol der Lampe LP über zwei Schalttransistoren S1 und S2, beispielsweise MOSFETs, über die Drossel L2 zwischen den Potentialen der beiden Versorgungsäste hin- und hergeschaltet. Als Versorgungsspannung dient eine Gleichspannung U0 zwischen den beiden Versorgungsästen von z.B. 400 V. U0 wird vorzugsweise durch Gleichrichtung von Netzspannung und Leistungsfaktorkorrektur erzeugt. Zwischen den Polen der Lampe LP liegt eine in ihrer Polarität niederfrequent wechselnde Gleichspannung U2 - U0/2 in der Größenordnung von beispielsweise 75 V - 200 V an.The inventive circuit according to Fig. 2 shows a lamp LP, which is integrated in a half-bridge circuit. While the right pole of the lamp LP in the figure has a potential in the middle of the two supply branches via the two capacitors C4 and C5, the left pole of the lamp LP in FIG. 2 is connected via two switching transistors S1 and S2, for example MOSFETs the throttle L2 is switched back and forth between the potentials of the two supply branches. The supply voltage is a DC voltage U0 between the two supply branches of eg 400 V. U0 is preferably generated by rectification of mains voltage and power factor correction. Between the poles of the lamp LP there is a DC voltage U2-U0 / 2, which varies in low-frequency with regard to its polarity, in the order of, for example, 75 V-200 V.

Die Zwischenkreisspannung wird über einen Tiefsetzsteller aus einem Schalttransistor (S1), einer Drossel L2 und einem Filterkondensator auf die benötigte Lampenbrennspannung reduziert. Die Kapazität des Filterkondensators ergibt sich im Ausführungsbeispiel aus der Gesamtkapazität der Kondensatoren C1 - C3. Der Mittelwert des Lampenstroms I2 kann durch Messung des Mittelwertes des Drosselstroms I2 ermittelt werden.The DC link voltage is reduced via a step-down converter of a switching transistor (S1), a choke L2 and a filter capacitor to the required lamp voltage. The capacitance of the filter capacitor results in the embodiment of the total capacitance of the capacitors C1 - C3. The mean value of the lamp current I2 can be determined by measuring the mean value of the inductor current I2.

Der Zünder G1 erzeugt in an sich bekannter Weise eine Zündspannung, wobei gleichzeitig der Kondensator C3 für eine Entstörung der Schaltung während der Zündung sorgt. L2 liegt seriell zu der Lampe LP. Zwischen L2 und LP sind parallel zueinander zwei Primärwicklungen eines Stromwandlers geschaltet. Beide Primärwicklungen L1A und L1 B haben eine niedrige Windungszahl. L1A und L1B ist jeweils eine Diode (D1 oder D2) zugeordnet, die den Strom betrachtet auf die Abnahmepunkte für die Spannungen U1 und U2 den Strom in unterschiedliche Richtungen durchlassen. Die Spulen bzw. Primärwicklungen L1A und L1 B sind entkoppelt.The igniter G1 generates in a manner known per se an ignition voltage, wherein at the same time the capacitor C3 for a suppression of the circuit during the Ignition ensures. L2 is in series with the lamp LP. Between L2 and LP two primary windings of a current transformer are connected in parallel with each other. Both primary windings L1A and L1B have a low turn number. L1A and L1B are each associated with a diode (D1 or D2), which allows the current to be diverted to the points of acceptance for the voltages U1 and U2 in different directions. The coils or primary windings L1A and L1B are decoupled.

In der Sekundärschaltung mit der Sekundärwicklung L1C des Stromwandlers kann erfindungsgemäß auf komplexe Gleichrichterschaltungen verzichtet werden, da die beiden Primärspulen des Stromwandlers durch die Dioden entkoppelt im Primärkreis angeordnet sind. Die Spannung Ush am Messwiderstand/Shunt Rsh verläuft zum Teil entgegengesetzt analog zum Drosselstrom I2 (vergl. Fig. 3), ist immer gleichgerichtet und damit von dem Vorzeichen des Drosselstroms unabhängig. D3 kann beispielsweise als Schottky-Diode ausgebildet sein. Am Messpunkt von Ush ist zur Mittelwertmessung vorzugsweise ein RC-Glied bestehend aus Kondensator und Widerstand angeordnet. Die Sekundärschaltung kann beispielsweise auch zwischen C4 und C5 oder C4 und S1 angeordnet sein.In the secondary circuit with the secondary winding of the current transformer L1C can be dispensed according to the invention to complex rectifier circuits, since the two primary coils of the current transformer are decoupled by the diodes arranged in the primary circuit. The voltage Ush at the measuring resistor / shunt Rsh runs partly opposite to the inductor current I2 (see FIG. Fig. 3 ), is always rectified and thus independent of the sign of the inductor current. D3 may be formed, for example, as a Schottky diode. At the measuring point of Ush, an RC element consisting of capacitor and resistor is preferably arranged for average value measurement. The secondary circuit may for example also be arranged between C4 and C5 or C4 and S1.

Den Transistoren S1 und S2 sind Freilaufdioden DS1 und DS2 zugeordnet, über die nach Öffnen des jeweils anderen Schalters der Strom durch L2 kurzfristig aufrecht erhalten wird. Den Transistoren S1 und S2 können zusätzlich Kondensatoren zur Verringerung der Belastung während des Schaltens zugeordnet.Free-wheeling diodes DS1 and DS2 are associated with the transistors S1 and S2, by means of which the current through L2 is temporarily maintained after the respective other switch has been opened. Transistors S1 and S2 may additionally be assigned capacitors for reducing the load during switching.

Claims (12)

Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät zum Betreiben zumindest einer insbesondere als Hochdruckentladungslampe ausgebildeten Lampe (LP), mit einem zumindest einen Schalttransistor (S1, S2) aufweisenden Wandler, welcher mittels eines Schaltbetriebs des Transistors (S1, S2) zur Erzeugung einer in ihrer Polarität an der Lampe (LP) wechselnden Spannung (U2) ausgebildet ist, mit wenigstens einer Drossel (L2) sowie mit einer einen Stromwandler aufweisenden Strommesseinrichtung zur Erfassung des Lampenstroms, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stromwandler zumindest eine Primärspule (L1A, L1B) aufweist, die mit einer Diode (D1, D2) in Serie zu der Drossel geschaltet ist, um den Lampenstrom in einer der Strommesseinrichtung zuzuordnenden Sekundärschaltung form-, phasen- und/oder amplitudengenau zu erfassen.Electronic ballast for operating at least one in particular designed as a high-pressure discharge lamp (LP), with a at least one switching transistor (S1, S2) having transducer which by means of a switching operation of the transistor (S1, S2) for generating a polarity in the lamp (LP ) alternating voltage (U2) is formed, with at least one inductor (L2) and with a current transformer having current measuring device for detecting the lamp current, characterized in that the current transformer at least one primary coil (L1A, L1B), which with a diode (D1 , D2) is connected in series with the throttle in order to detect the lamp current in one of the current measuring device to be assigned secondary circuit shape, phase and / or amplitude accuracy. Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stromwandler zwei Primärspulen (L1A, L1B) und zumindest eine einen Messwiderstand (Rsh) versorgende Sekundärspule (L1 C) aufweist.Electronic ballast according to claim 1, characterized in that the current transformer has two primary coils (L1A, L1B) and at least one a measuring resistor (Rsh) supplying secondary coil (L1 C). Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sekundärschaltung parallel zur Sekundärspule (L1C) geschaltete Dioden aufweist, von denen eine eine Zener-Diode ist.Electronic ballast according to Claim 2, characterized in that the secondary circuit has diodes connected in parallel to the secondary coil (L1C), one of which is a Zener diode. Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Primärspulen (L1A, L1B) über jeweils eine den Primärspulen (L1A, L1B) zugeordnete Diode (D1, D2) entkoppelt seriell zur Drossel geschaltet sind.Electronic ballast according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the primary coils (L1A, L1B) are decoupled in series with the throttle via a respective diode (D1, D2) assigned to the primary coils (L1A, L1B). Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Primärspule (L1A, L1B) an dem Mittenabgriff eines insbesondere als Halbbrückenwandler ausgebildeten Brückenwandlers angeschlossen ist.Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary coil (L1A, L1B) is connected to the center tap of a bridge converter designed in particular as a half-bridge converter. Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sekundärschaltung auf einer der Primärspule (L1A, L1 B) entgegengesetzten Seite der Lampe am Mittenabgriff des Brückenwandlers geschaltet ist.Electronic ballast according to claim 5, characterized in that the secondary circuit is connected to one of the primary coil (L1A, L1 B) opposite side of the lamp at the center tap of the bridge converter. Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sekundärschaltung auf einem der Versorgungsäste der Hochdrucklampe geschaltet ist.Electronic ballast according to claim 5, characterized in that the secondary circuit is connected to one of the supply branches of the high-pressure lamp. Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erfassung eines Mittelwerts des Lampenstroms in der Sekundärschaltung ein RC-Glied vorgesehen ist.Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an RC element is provided for detecting an average value of the lamp current in the secondary circuit. Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine dem Wandler zugeordnete Leistungsfaktorkorrekturschaltung zur Erzeugung der Versorgungspotentiale.Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a converter associated with the power factor correction circuit for generating the supply potentials. Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine Steuerschaltung zum Betrieb der Lampe (LP).Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a control circuit for operating the lamp (LP). Beleuchtungsgerät, vorzugsweise mit einer Hochdruckentladungslampe, gekennzeichnet durch ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche.Lighting device, preferably with a high-pressure discharge lamp, characterized by an electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts für eine insbesondere als Hochdruckentladungslampe ausgebildete Lampe (LP) mit einem zumindest einen Schalttransistor (S1, S2) aufweisenden Wandler, welcher mittels eines Schaltbetriebs des Transistors (S1, S2) eine in ihrer Polarität an der Lampe (LP) wechselnde Spannung erzeugt, mit wenigstens einer Drossel (L2) und einer Strommesseinrichtung, die über einen Stromwandler den Lampenstrom erfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stromwandler über zumindest eine Primärspule (L1A, L1B), die über eine Diode (D1, D2) in Serie zu der Drossel (L2) geschaltet und von dieser entkoppelt ist, ein Messsignal in eine Sekundärschaltung einleitet, in der der Lampenstrom form-, phasen- und/oder amplitudengenau erfasst wird.Method for operating an electronic ballast for a lamp (LP) designed in particular as a high-pressure discharge lamp with a converter having at least one switching transistor (S1, S2), which has a polarity across the lamp (LP) by means of a switching operation of the transistor (S1, S2) alternating voltage generated, with at least one choke (L2) and a current measuring device, which detects via a current transformer the lamp current, characterized in that the current transformer via at least one primary coil (L1A, L1B), which via a diode (D1, D2) in series is connected to the inductor (L2) and decoupled from this, a measurement signal in a secondary circuit initiates, in which the lamp current is detected in shape, phase and / or amplitude accuracy.
EP20090000421 2008-01-14 2009-01-14 Electronic pre-switching device with energy measuring device, control method and lighting device Not-in-force EP2079287B1 (en)

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