EP2076338B2 - Method for grading water-absorbent polymer particles - Google Patents

Method for grading water-absorbent polymer particles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2076338B2
EP2076338B2 EP07820483.1A EP07820483A EP2076338B2 EP 2076338 B2 EP2076338 B2 EP 2076338B2 EP 07820483 A EP07820483 A EP 07820483A EP 2076338 B2 EP2076338 B2 EP 2076338B2
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process according
water
fractions
particle size
absorbing polymer
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2076338B1 (en
EP2076338A1 (en
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Uwe Stueven
Rüdiger Funk
Matthias Weismantel
Jürgen Schröder
Domien Van Esbroeck
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/08Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for classifying water-absorbing polymer particles, the polymer particles being separated into n grain size fractions by means of at least n sieves and n being an integer greater than 1.
  • Water-absorbing polymers are used as aqueous solution-absorbing products in the manufacture of diapers, tampons, sanitary napkins and other sanitary articles, but also as water-retaining agents in agricultural horticulture.
  • the properties of the water-absorbing polymers can be adjusted via the degree of crosslinking. As the degree of cross-linking increases, the gel strength increases and the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) decreases.
  • CRC centrifuge retention capacity
  • Water-absorbing polymer particles are generally post-crosslinked to improve the application properties, such as liquid conduction in the swollen gel bed (SFC) in the diaper and absorption under pressure (AUL). This only increases the degree of crosslinking of the particle surface, which means that the absorption under pressure (AUL) and the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) can be at least partially decoupled.
  • This post-crosslinking can be carried out in an aqueous gel phase.
  • dried, ground and sieved polymer particles (base polymer) are coated on the surface with a post-crosslinking agent, post-crosslinked thermally and dried.
  • Crosslinkers suitable for this purpose are compounds which contain at least two groups which can form covalent bonds with the carboxylate groups of the hydrophilic polymer.
  • the water-absorbing polymers are preferably used in the hygiene sector as a powdery, granular product.
  • particle sizes between 200 and 850 ⁇ m are used and the particulate polymer material is already classified to these grain sizes during the manufacturing process.
  • Continuous screening machines with two screens are used here, with screens having mesh sizes of 200 and 850 ⁇ m. Particles with a grain size of up to 200 ⁇ m fall through both screens and are collected as undersize at the bottom of the screening machine. Particles with a grain size of more than 850 ⁇ m remain as oversize on the top sieve and are discharged.
  • the product fraction with a grain size of more than 200 to 850 ⁇ m is removed as a middle grain between the two screens of the screening machine.
  • each grain size fraction still contains a proportion of particles with the wrong grain size as so-called incorrect discharge.
  • the oversize fraction can still contain a proportion of particles with a grain size of 850 ⁇ m or less.
  • Discharged undersize and oversize is usually sent to the production returned.
  • the undersize can be added to the polymerization, for example.
  • the oversize is usually crushed, which inevitably leads to an inevitable accumulation of further undersize.
  • a higher screening quality is usually achieved by adding substances to the product that serve to increase the pourability and/or the mechanical stability of the polymer powder.
  • auxiliaries for example surfactants, which prevent the individual particles from sticking together, are added to the polymer powder, usually after drying and/or during post-crosslinking. In other cases, attempts are made to influence the caking tendencies by means of procedural measures.
  • sieving aids such as sieve balls, PVC friction rings, Teflon friction rings or rubber cubes
  • PVC friction rings PVC friction rings
  • Teflon friction rings Rubber cubes
  • EP 855 232 A2 describes a classification method for water-absorbing polymers. By using heated or thermally insulated screens, agglomerates below the screen are avoided, especially with small grain sizes.
  • JP 2003/320308 A describes a process in which agglomerates are avoided by blowing warm air onto the underside of the screen.
  • WO 92/18171 A1 describes the addition of inorganic powders as screening aids.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide an improved classification process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles.
  • the object was achieved by a method for classifying water-absorbing polymer particles, the polymer particles being separated into n particle size fractions and n being an integer greater than 1, characterized in that at least n sieves are used, the mesh sizes of the n sieves decrease in the product flow direction by at least two in Screen fractions that occur one after the other in the product flow direction are combined to form a grain size fraction, with the mesh sizes of the screens on which these screen fractions occur differing by at least 50 ⁇ m, the grain size fractions in the sequence (1,2,1), (2,2,1) , (1,3,1), (3,2,1), (2,3,1) or (3,3,1) are summarized, where the number of numbers in brackets stands for the number of grain size fractions, the particle size fractions are arranged in the product flow sequence in the brackets from left to right and the numerical values themselves stand for the number of successive screening fractions that belong to the respective Gen grain size fraction are summarized, and the hourly throughput of water-absorbing polymer particles during classification is at least 100 kg per m
  • a sieve separates a particulate material into two sieve fractions, the particles that remain on the sieve and the particles that pass through the mesh of the sieve.
  • each sieve fraction can be separated into two further sieve fractions.
  • n sieves (n+1) sieve fractions are obtained, with each sieve fraction being able to be further processed separately as a grain size fraction.
  • An essential feature of the present invention is that at least two of these sieve fractions are combined into one grain size fraction and further processed together. Compared to the previously customary methods for classifying water-absorbing polymer particles, the method according to the invention therefore uses at least one more sieve.
  • Water-absorbing polymer particles with improved absorption under pressure (AUL) and improved liquid transfer in the swollen gel bed (SFC) are obtained by using the at least one additional sieve.
  • the number of grain size fractions is preferably at least 3.
  • the number of sieves used is preferably at least (n+1).
  • At least two sieve fractions occurring one after the other in the product flow direction are combined to form a grain size fraction, with the mesh sizes of the sieves on which these sieve fractions occur preferably increasing by at least 100 ⁇ m each, preferably by at least 150 ⁇ m each, particularly preferably by each at least 200 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably by at least 250 ⁇ m in each case.
  • the at least two sieve fractions occurring first in the product flow direction are combined to form a grain size fraction, with the mesh sizes of the sieves on which these sieve fractions occur preferably increasing by at least 500 ⁇ m each, preferably by at least 1,000 ⁇ m each, particularly preferably differ by at least 1,500 ⁇ m in each case, very particularly preferably by at least 2,000 ⁇ m in each case.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles preferably have a temperature of 40 to 120°C, particularly preferably 45 to 100°C, very particularly preferably 50 to 80°C.
  • classification is carried out at reduced pressure.
  • the pressure is preferably 100 mbar less than the ambient pressure.
  • the classification method according to the invention is particularly advantageously carried out continuously.
  • the throughput of water-absorbing polymer is at least 100 kg/m 2 .h, preferably at least 150 kg/m 2 .h, preferably at least 200 kg/m 2 .h, particularly preferably at least 250 kg/m 2 .h, very particularly preferably at least 300 kg/m 2 .h.
  • the screening devices suitable for the classification process according to the invention are not subject to any restrictions; flat screening processes are preferred, and tumbling screening machines are very particularly preferred.
  • the screening apparatus is typically vibrated to aid in classification. This is preferably done in such a way that the material to be classified is guided spirally over the screen. This forced vibration typically has an amplitude of 0.7 to 40 mm, preferably 1.5 to 25 mm, and a frequency of 1 to 100 Hz, preferably 5 to 10 Hz.
  • At least one screening machine with n screens is used. It is advantageous if several screening machines are operated in parallel.
  • a stream of gas preferably air, preferably flows over the water-absorbing resin during classification.
  • the amount of gas is typically from 0.1 to 10 m 3 /h per m 2 screen area, preferably from 0.5 to 5 m 3 /h per m 2 screen area, particularly preferably from 1 to 3 m 3 /h per m 2 screen area, where the gas volume is measured under standard conditions (25 °C and 1 bar).
  • the gas stream is particularly preferably heated before entering the screening device, typically to a temperature of 40 to 120° C., preferably to a temperature of 50 to 110° C., preferably to a temperature of 60 to 100° C., particularly preferably to Temperature from 65 to 90 °C, most preferably to a temperature of 70 to 80 °C.
  • the water content of the gas stream is typically less than 5 g/kg, preferably less than 4.5 g/kg, preferably less than 4 g/kg, more preferably less than 3.5 g/kg, most preferably less than 3 g/kg .
  • a gas stream with a low water content can be generated, for example, by a gas stream with higher Water content a corresponding amount of water is condensed by cooling.
  • the screening machines are usually electrically grounded.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles to be used in the process according to the invention can be prepared by polymerizing monomer solutions containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer a), optionally at least one crosslinker b), at least one initiator c) and water d).
  • the monomers a) are preferably water-soluble, ie the solubility in water at 23° C. is typically at least 1 g/100 g water, preferably at least 5 g/100 g water, particularly preferably at least 25 g/100 g water, very particularly preferably at least 50 g/100 g water, and preferably each have at least one acid group.
  • Suitable monomers a) are ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid. Particularly preferred monomers are acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Acrylic acid is very particularly preferred.
  • the preferred monomers a) have at least one acid group, the acid groups preferably being at least partially neutralized.
  • the proportion of acrylic acid and/or its salts in the total amount of the monomers a) is preferably at least 50 mol %, particularly preferably at least 90 mol %, very particularly preferably at least 95 mol %.
  • a hydroquinone monoether preferably contain up to 0.025% by weight of a hydroquinone monoether.
  • Preferred hydroquinone hemiethers are hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) and/or tocopherols.
  • Tocopherol is understood to mean compounds of the following formula where R 1 is hydrogen or methyl, R 2 is hydrogen or methyl, R 3 is hydrogen or methyl and R 4 is hydrogen or an acid radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred radicals for R 4 are acetyl, ascorbyl, succinyl, nicotinyl and other physiologically tolerable carboxylic acids.
  • the carboxylic acids can be mono-, di- or tri-carboxylic acids.
  • Alpha-tocopherol with R 1 ⁇ R 2 ⁇ R 3 ⁇ methyl is preferred, in particular racemic alpha-tocopherol.
  • R 1 is particularly preferably hydrogen or acetyl.
  • RRR-alpha-tocopherol is particularly preferred.
  • the monomer solution preferably contains at most 130 ppm by weight, especially preferably at most 70 ppm by weight, preferably at least 10 ppm by weight, particularly preferably at least 30 ppm by weight, in particular around 50 ppm by weight, of hydroquinone monoether, based in each case on acrylic acid, acrylic acid salts also being taken into account as acrylic acid.
  • hydroquinone monoether based in each case on acrylic acid, acrylic acid salts also being taken into account as acrylic acid.
  • acrylic acid salts also being taken into account as acrylic acid.
  • an acrylic acid with a corresponding content of hydroquinone half ether can be used to prepare the monomer solution.
  • Crosslinkers b) are compounds having at least two polymerizable groups which can be polymerized into the polymer network by free radicals.
  • Suitable crosslinkers b) are, for example, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, triallylamine, tetraallyloxyethane, as in EP 530 438 A1 described, di- and triacrylates, as in EP 547 847 A1 , EP 559 476 A1 , EP 632 068 A1 , WO 93/21237 A1 , WO 2003/104299 A1 , WO 2003/104300 A1 , WO 2003/104301 A1 and DE 103 31 450 A1 described, mixed acrylates containing other ethylenically unsaturated groups in addition to acrylate groups, as in DE 103 31 456 A1 and DE 103 55 401 A1 described, or crosslinker mixtures, such as
  • Suitable crosslinkers b) are in particular N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and N,N'-methylenebismethacrylamide, esters of unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acids of polyols such as diacrylate or triacrylate, for example butanediol or ethylene glycol diacrylate or methacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate and allyl compounds such as allyl (Meth)acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, maleic acid diallyl ester, polyallyl ester, tetraallyloxyethane, triallylamine, tetraallylethylenediamine, allyl ester of phosphoric acid and vinylphosphonic acid derivatives, as for example in EP 343 427 A2 are described.
  • polyols such as diacrylate or triacrylate, for example butanediol or ethylene glycol diacrylate or methacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate
  • allyl compounds such as
  • crosslinkers b) are pentaerythritol di-, pentaerythritol tri- and pentaerythritol tetraallyl ether, polyethylene glycol diallyl ether, ethylene glycol diallyl ether, glycerol di- and glycerol triallyl ether, polyallyl ether based on sorbitol, and ethoxylated variants thereof.
  • Di(meth)acrylates of polyethylene glycols can be used in the process according to the invention, the polyethylene glycol used having a molecular weight of between 100 and 1000.
  • crosslinkers b) are di- and triacrylates of 3- to 20-fold ethoxylated glycerol, 3- to 20-fold ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, 3- to 20-fold ethoxylated trimethylolethane, in particular di- and triacrylates of 2- to 6-fold ethoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, 3-fold propoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, and 3-fold mixed ethoxylated or propoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, 15-fold ethoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, and at least 40-fold ethoxylated glycerol, trimethylolethane or trimethylolpropane.
  • Very particularly preferred crosslinkers b) are the multiply ethoxylated and/or propoxylated glycerols esterified with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to form di- or triacrylates, such as those described in WO 2003/104301 A1 are described.
  • Di- and/or triacrylates of 3- to 10-tuply ethoxylated glycerol are particularly advantageous.
  • Very particular preference is given to di- or triacrylates of 1- to 5-tuply ethoxylated and/or propoxylated glycerol.
  • the triacrylates of 3- to 5-tuply ethoxylated and/or propoxylated glycerol are most preferred.
  • the amount of crosslinker b) is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 2% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, based in each case on the monomer solution.
  • initiators c All compounds which form free radicals under the polymerization conditions can be used as initiators c), for example peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, azo compounds and the so-called redox initiators.
  • the use of water-soluble initiators is preferred.
  • mixtures of different initiators for example mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sodium or potassium peroxodisulphate. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate can be used in any ratio.
  • Particularly preferred initiators c) are azo initiators such as 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis[2-(5-methyl-2-imidazoline-2).
  • photoinitiators such as 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone and 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one
  • redox initiators such as sodium persulfate/hydroxymethylsulfinic acid, ammonium peroxodisulfate/hydroxymethylsulfinic acid, hydrogen peroxide/hydroxymethylsulfinic acid, sodium persulfate/ascorbic acid, ammonium peroxodisulfate/ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid
  • photoinitiators such as 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl -1-propan-1-one, and mixtures thereof.
  • the initiators are used in customary amounts, for example in amounts of from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on the monomers a).
  • the preferred polymerization inhibitors require dissolved oxygen for optimal activity. Therefore, the monomer solution can be rendered inert prior to polymerization, i. H. Flowing through with an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, are freed from dissolved oxygen.
  • the oxygen content of the monomer solution is preferably reduced to less than 1 ppm by weight, particularly preferably to less than 0.5 ppm by weight, before the polymerization.
  • Suitable reactors are kneading reactors or belt reactors.
  • the polymer gel formed during the polymerisation of an aqueous monomer solution is continuously comminuted, for example by counter-rotating stirrer shafts, as in WO 2001/38402 A1 described.
  • Polymerization on the belt is used, for example, in DE 38 25 366 A1 and U.S. 6,241,928 described.
  • Polymerization in a belt reactor produces a polymer gel that has to be comminuted in a further process step, for example in a meat grinder, extruder or kneader.
  • the hydrogel After leaving the polymerization reactor, the hydrogel is advantageously stored at a higher temperature, preferably at least 50° C., particularly preferably at least 70° C., very particularly preferably at least 80° C. and preferably less than 100° C., for example in insulated containers.
  • the monomer conversion is further increased by the storage, usually 2 to 12 hours.
  • storage can also be significantly reduced or storage can be dispensed with.
  • the acid groups of the resulting hydrogels are usually partially neutralized, preferably to an extent of 25 to 95 mol %, preferably 50 to 80 mol %, particularly preferably 60 to 75 mol %, it being possible to use the customary neutralizing agents, preferably alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal oxides , Alkali metal carbonates or alkali metal hydrogen carbonates and mixtures thereof.
  • the customary neutralizing agents preferably alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal oxides , Alkali metal carbonates or alkali metal hydrogen carbonates and mixtures thereof.
  • alkali metal salts ammonium salts can also be used.
  • Sodium and potassium are particularly preferred as alkali metals, but sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof are very particularly preferred.
  • the neutralization is preferably carried out at the monomer stage. This is usually done by mixing in the neutralizing agent as an aqueous solution, as a melt, or preferably also as a solid.
  • aqueous solution as a melt
  • sodium hydroxide with a water content well below 50% by weight can be present as a waxy mass with a melting point above 23.degree. In this case, dosing as piece goods or melt at elevated temperature is possible.
  • the hydrogel stage it is also possible to carry out the neutralization after the polymerization at the hydrogel stage. It is also possible to neutralize up to 40 mol %, preferably 10 to 30 mol %, particularly preferably 15 to 25 mol %, of the acid groups before the polymerization by adding part of the neutralizing agent to the monomer solution and the desired final degree of neutralization only afterwards of the polymerization is stopped at the stage of the hydrogel. If the hydrogel is at least partially neutralized after the polymerization, the hydrogel is preferably mechanically comminuted, for example using a meat grinder, in which case the neutralizing agent can be sprayed on, sprinkled over or poured on and then carefully mixed in. For this purpose, the gel mass obtained can be minced several times for homogenization.
  • the hydrogel is then preferably dried using a belt dryer until the residual moisture content is preferably below 15% by weight, in particular below 10% by weight, the water content being in accordance with test method no. 430.2- recommended by EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association). 02 "Moisture content" is determined.
  • a fluidized bed dryer or a heated ploughshare mixer can also be used for drying.
  • the dryer temperature must be optimized, the air supply and exhaust must be controlled, and sufficient ventilation must be ensured in any case. Drying is naturally all the easier and the product all the whiter when the solids content of the gel is as high as possible.
  • the solids content of the gel before drying is therefore preferably between 30 and 80% by weight. Venting the dryer with nitrogen or another non-oxidizing inert gas is particularly advantageous. Optionally, however, just the partial pressure of the oxygen be lowered during drying in order to prevent oxidative yellowing processes.
  • the dried hydrogel is then ground and classified, in which case one-stage or multi-stage roller mills, preferably two-stage or three-stage roller mills, pinned mills, hammer mills or vibratory mills can usually be used for grinding.
  • one-stage or multi-stage roller mills preferably two-stage or three-stage roller mills, pinned mills, hammer mills or vibratory mills can usually be used for grinding.
  • the mean particle size of the polymer particles separated off as the product fraction is preferably at least 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 250 to 600 ⁇ m, very particularly from 300 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size of the product fraction can be determined using the test method no. 420.2-02 "Particle size distribution" recommended by EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association), whereby the mass fractions of the sieve fractions are applied cumulatively and the average particle size is determined graphically.
  • the mean particle size here is the value of the mesh size that results for a cumulative 50% by weight.
  • the polymer particles can be post-crosslinked to further improve the properties.
  • Suitable post-crosslinkers are compounds containing groups capable of forming covalent bonds with the at least two carboxylate groups of the hydrogel. Suitable compounds are, for example, alkoxysilyl compounds, polyaziridines, polyamines, polyamidoamines, di- or polyepoxides, as in EP 83 022 A2 , EP 543 303 A1 and EP 937 736 A2 described, di- or polyfunctional alcohols, as in DE 33 14 019 A1 , DE 35 23 617 A1 and EP 450 922 A2 described, or ß-hydroxyalkylamides, as in DE 102 04 938 A1 and U.S. 6,239,230 described.
  • post-crosslinkers can also be used which contain additional polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups, as in DE 37 13 601 A1 described
  • the amount of post-crosslinker is preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.2% by weight, based in each case on the polymer .
  • polyvalent cations are applied to the particle surface in addition to the post-crosslinkers.
  • the polyvalent cations that can be used in the process according to the invention are, for example, divalent cations such as zinc, magnesium, calcium and strontium cations, trivalent cations such as aluminum cations, iron cations, Chromium, rare earths and manganese, tetravalent cations such as the cations of titanium and zirconium.
  • divalent cations such as zinc, magnesium, calcium and strontium cations
  • trivalent cations such as aluminum cations, iron cations, Chromium, rare earths and manganese
  • tetravalent cations such as the cations of titanium and zirconium.
  • chloride, bromide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, nitrate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate and carboxylate such as acetate and lactate are possible.
  • Aluminum sulfate is preferred.
  • polyamines can also be used as poly
  • the amount of polyvalent cation used is, for example, 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 0.2% by weight, particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.1% by weight. in each case based on the polymer.
  • the post-crosslinking is usually carried out by spraying a solution of the post-crosslinker onto the hydrogel or the dry polymer particles. Following the spraying, thermal drying takes place, with the post-crosslinking reaction being able to take place both before and during the drying.
  • a solution of the crosslinking agent is preferably sprayed on in mixers with moving mixing tools, such as screw mixers, paddle mixers, disc mixers, plowshare mixers and paddle mixers.
  • moving mixing tools such as screw mixers, paddle mixers, disc mixers, plowshare mixers and paddle mixers.
  • Vertical mixers are particularly preferred, and ploughshare mixers and paddle mixers are very particularly preferred.
  • suitable mixers are Lödige mixers, Bepex mixers, Nauta mixers, Processall mixers and Schugi mixers.
  • the thermal drying is preferably carried out in contact dryers, particularly preferably paddle dryers, very particularly preferably disc dryers.
  • Suitable dryers are, for example, Bepex dryers and Nara dryers.
  • fluidized bed dryers can also be used.
  • Drying can take place in the mixer itself, by heating the jacket or blowing in warm air.
  • a downstream dryer such as a tray dryer, a rotary kiln or a heatable screw, is also suitable. Mixing and drying are particularly advantageous in a fluidized bed dryer.
  • Preferred drying temperatures are in the range from 100 to 250.degree. C., preferably from 120 to 220.degree. C., and particularly preferably from 130 to 210.degree.
  • the preferred residence time at this temperature in the reaction mixer or dryer is preferably at least 10 minutes, more preferably at least 20 minutes, most preferably at least 30 minutes.
  • the post-crosslinked polymer can then be classified again.
  • the mean diameter of the polymer particles separated off as the product fraction is preferably at least 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 250 to 600 ⁇ m, very particularly from 300 to 500 ⁇ m. 90% of the polymer particles have a diameter of preferably 100 to 800 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 150 to 700 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably 200 to 600 ⁇ m.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles have a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of typically at least 15 g/g, preferably at least 20 g/g, preferably at least 25 g/g, particularly preferably at least 30 g/g, very particularly preferably at least 35 g/g.
  • CRC centrifuge retention capacity
  • the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of the water-absorbent polymer particles is usually less than 60 g/g, the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) being determined according to the test method No. 441.2-02 "Centrifuge retention capacity" recommended by EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association).
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles are tested using the test methods described below.
  • the measurements should be carried out at an ambient temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ⁇ 10 %.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles are thoroughly mixed before the measurement.
  • the permeability of a swollen gel layer under a compressive load of 0.3 psi (2070 Pa) is determined as in EP-A-0 640 330 described, determined as the gel layer permeability of a swollen gel layer made of superabsorbent polymer, the apparatus described in the aforementioned patent application on page 19 and in Figure 8 being modified in such a way that the glass frit (40) is no longer used, the plunger (39 ) consists of the same plastic material as the cylinder (37) and now contains 21 holes of the same size distributed evenly over the entire contact surface. The procedure and evaluation of the measurement remains unchanged compared to EP-A-0 640 330 . The flow is automatically recorded.
  • SFC Permeability
  • a 38.8% by weight acrylic acid/sodium acrylate solution was prepared by continuously mixing water, 50% by weight sodium hydroxide solution and acrylic acid, so that the degree of neutralization was 71.3 mol%.
  • the solids content of the monomer solution was 38.8% by weight.
  • the monomer solution was continuously cooled by a heat exchanger after mixing the components.
  • Polyethylene glycol 400 diacrylate (diacrylate of a polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 400 g/mol) is used as the polyethylenically unsaturated crosslinker. The amount used was 2 kg per t of monomer solution.
  • the throughput of the monomer solution was 20 t/h.
  • the individual components are continuously metered into a List Contikneter with a volume of 6.3m 3 (List, Arisdorf, Switzerland) in the following quantities: 20 t/h monomer solution 40 kg/hr Polyethylene glycol 400 diacrylate 82.6 kg/hr Hydrogen peroxide solution/sodium peroxodisulphate solution 21 kg/hr ascorbic acid solution
  • the monomer solution was rendered inert with nitrogen between the points at which the crosslinkers and initiators were added.
  • the reaction solution had a temperature of 23.5° C. at the inlet.
  • the reactor was operated with a shaft speed of 38 rpm.
  • the residence time of the reaction mixture in the reactor was 15 minutes.
  • the aqueous polymer gel was loaded onto a belt dryer.
  • the residence time on the dryer belt was about 37 minutes.
  • the dried hydrogel was ground and sieved.
  • the fraction with a particle size of 150 to 850 ⁇ m was post-crosslinked.
  • the separated undersize (undersize A) was returned.
  • the postcrosslinker solution was sprayed onto the polymer particles in a Schugi mixer (Hosokawa-Micron BV, Doeticem, Netherlands).
  • the post-crosslinker solution was a 2.7% strength by weight solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in propylene glycol/water (weight ratio 1:3).
  • the post-crosslinked polymer particles were cooled to 60° C. (mixture I) in a NARA paddle dryer (from GMF Gouda, Waddinxveen, NL).
  • undersize B The separated undersize (undersize B) was returned.
  • mixture II A homogeneous mixture of mixture I and undersize A in a weight ratio of 4:1 was produced (mixture II).
  • mixture III A homogeneous mixture of mixture I and undersize B in a weight ratio of 4:1 was produced (mixture III).
  • each mixture were separated for 30 or 60 seconds by means of a vibrating screening machine (AS 200 control; Retsch GmbH, Haan, DE) with a screening tower with 2 or 3 screens.
  • AS 200 control Retsch GmbH, Haan, DE
  • Variant A Sieves with mesh sizes of 850 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m (2 sieves) were used. The sieve fraction on the sieve with a mesh size of 150 ⁇ m was analyzed as the product fraction.
  • Variant B Sieves with mesh sizes of 850 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m (3 sieves) were used. The fractions on the 500 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m sieves were pooled, homogenized and analyzed as a product fraction.
  • mixture IV A homogeneous mixture of mixture I and undersize (mixture of undersize A and undersize B) in a weight ratio of 2:1 was produced (mixture IV).
  • each mixture was separated for 60 seconds using a vibrating sieve machine (AS 200 control; Retsch GmbH, Haan, DE) with a sieve tower with 2 or 3 sieves.
  • AS 200 control Retsch GmbH, Haan, DE
  • Variant A Sieves with mesh sizes of 850 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m (2 sieves) were used. The sieve fraction on the sieve with a mesh size of 150 ⁇ m was analyzed as the product fraction.
  • Variant B Sieves with mesh sizes of 850 ⁇ m, x ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m (3 sieves) were used, with the middle sieve having a mesh size of 500 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m or 710 ⁇ m. The fractions on the sieves with x ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m were combined, homogenized and analyzed as a product fraction.

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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Klassieren wasserabsorbierender Polymerpartikel, wobei die Polymerpartikel mittels mindestens n Sieben in n Korngrößenfraktionen aufgetrennt werden und n eine ganze Zahl größer 1 ist.The present invention relates to a method for classifying water-absorbing polymer particles, the polymer particles being separated into n grain size fractions by means of at least n sieves and n being an integer greater than 1.

Die Herstellung wasserabsorbierender Polymerpartikel wird in der Monographie " Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology", F.L. Buchholz und A.T. Graham, Wiley-VCH, 1998, Seiten 71 bis 103 , beschrieben.The production of water-absorbing polymer particles is described in the monograph " Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology", FL Buchholz and AT Graham, Wiley-VCH, 1998, pages 71 to 103 , described.

Wasserabsorbierende Polymere werden als wässrige Lösungen absorbierende Produkte zur Herstellung von Windeln, Tampons, Damenbinden und anderen Hygieneartikeln, aber auch als wasserzurückhaltende Mittel im landwirtschaftlichen Gartenbau verwendet.Water-absorbing polymers are used as aqueous solution-absorbing products in the manufacture of diapers, tampons, sanitary napkins and other sanitary articles, but also as water-retaining agents in agricultural horticulture.

Die Eigenschaften der wasserabsorbierenden Polymere können über den Vernetzungsgrad eingestellt werden. Mit steigendem Vernetzungsgrad steigt die Gelfestigkeit und sinkt die Zentrifugenretentionskapazität (CRC).The properties of the water-absorbing polymers can be adjusted via the degree of crosslinking. As the degree of cross-linking increases, the gel strength increases and the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) decreases.

Zur Verbesserung der Anwendungseigenschaften, wie beispielsweise Flüssigkeitsweiterleitung im gequollenen Gelbett (SFC) in der Windel und Absorption unter Druck (AUL), werden wasserabsorbierende Polymerpartikel im allgemeinen nachvernetzt. Dadurch steigt nur der Vernetzungsgrad der Partikeloberfläche, wodurch die Absorption unter Druck (AUL) und die Zentrifugenretentionskapazität (CRC) zumindest teilweise entkoppelt werden können. Diese Nachvernetzung kann in wässriger Gelphase durchgeführt werden. Vorzugsweise werden aber getrocknete, gemahlene und abgesiebte Polymerpartikel (Grundpolymer) an der Oberfläche mit einem Nachvernetzer beschichtet, thermisch nachvernetzt und getrocknet. Dazu geeignete Vernetzer sind Verbindungen, die mindestens zwei Gruppen enthalten, die mit den Carboxylatgruppen des hydrophilen Polymeren kovalente Bindungen bilden können.Water-absorbing polymer particles are generally post-crosslinked to improve the application properties, such as liquid conduction in the swollen gel bed (SFC) in the diaper and absorption under pressure (AUL). This only increases the degree of crosslinking of the particle surface, which means that the absorption under pressure (AUL) and the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) can be at least partially decoupled. This post-crosslinking can be carried out in an aqueous gel phase. Preferably, however, dried, ground and sieved polymer particles (base polymer) are coated on the surface with a post-crosslinking agent, post-crosslinked thermally and dried. Crosslinkers suitable for this purpose are compounds which contain at least two groups which can form covalent bonds with the carboxylate groups of the hydrophilic polymer.

Die wasserabsorbierenden Polymere gelangen als pulverförmiges, körniges Produkt bevorzugt im Hygienesektor zum Einsatz. Hier werden beispielsweise Teilchengrößen zwischen 200 und 850 µm eingesetzt und das partikuläre Polymermaterial wird bereits beim Herstellungsprozess auf diese Korngrößen klassiert. Hierbei werden kontinuierlich arbeitende Siebmaschinen mit zwei Sieben eingesetzt, wobei Siebe mit den Maschenweiten von 200 und 850 µm verwendet werden. Partikel mit einer Korngröße von bis zu 200 µm fallen dabei durch beide Siebe und werden am Boden der Siebmaschine als Unterkorn gesammelt. Partikel mit einer Korngröße von größer 850 µm verbleiben als Überkorn auf dem obersten Sieb und werden ausgeschleust. Die Produktfraktion mit einer Korngröße von größer 200 bis 850 µm wird als Mittelkorn zwischen den beiden Sieben der Siebmaschine entnommen. Abhängig von der Siebgüte enthält dabei jede Korngrößenfraktion noch einen Anteil an Partikeln mit der falschen Korngröße als sogenannten Fehlaustrag. So kann beispielsweise die Überkornfraktion noch einen Anteil an Partikeln mit einer Korngröße von 850 µm oder weniger enthalten.The water-absorbing polymers are preferably used in the hygiene sector as a powdery, granular product. Here, for example, particle sizes between 200 and 850 µm are used and the particulate polymer material is already classified to these grain sizes during the manufacturing process. Continuous screening machines with two screens are used here, with screens having mesh sizes of 200 and 850 µm. Particles with a grain size of up to 200 µm fall through both screens and are collected as undersize at the bottom of the screening machine. Particles with a grain size of more than 850 µm remain as oversize on the top sieve and are discharged. The product fraction with a grain size of more than 200 to 850 µm is removed as a middle grain between the two screens of the screening machine. Depending on the screening quality, each grain size fraction still contains a proportion of particles with the wrong grain size as so-called incorrect discharge. For example, the oversize fraction can still contain a proportion of particles with a grain size of 850 μm or less.

Ausgeschleustes Unter- und Überkorn wird üblicherweise in die Herstellung zurückgeführt. Das Unterkorn kann beispielsweise der Polymerisation zugesetzt werden. Das Überkorn wird üblicherweise zerkleinert, was zwangsläufig auch zu einem Zwangsanfall von weiterem Unterkorn führt.Discharged undersize and oversize is usually sent to the production returned. The undersize can be added to the polymerization, for example. The oversize is usually crushed, which inevitably leads to an inevitable accumulation of further undersize.

Bei den herkömmlichen Klassiervorgängen treten unterschiedliche Probleme auf, wenn teilchenförmige Polymere klassiert werden. Häufigstes Problem ist die Verstopfung der Sieboberfläche sowie die Verschlechterung der Klassifizierungseffizienz und der Klassierfähigkeit. Ein weiteres Problem ist die Verbackungsneigung des Produkts, die vor, nach und während der Siebung zu unerwünschte Agglomeraten führt. Der Verfahrensschritt der Siebung kann daher nicht frei von Störungen, oft begleitet von ungewollten Stillständen bei der Polymerherstellung, durchgeführt werden. Besonders problematisch erweisen sich derartige Störungen im kontinuierlichen Herstellungsverfahren. Insgesamt resultiert daraus jedoch eine unzureichende Trennschärfe bei der Siebung. Diese Problematik ist vor allem bei der Klassierung von nachvemetztem Produkt zu beobachten.In the conventional classification operations, various problems are encountered when classifying particulate polymers. The most common problem is clogging of the screen surface and deterioration in classification efficiency and classability. Another problem is the product's tendency to cake, which leads to undesirable agglomerates before, after and during screening. The process step of screening can therefore not be carried out without disruptions, often accompanied by unwanted downtimes in polymer production. Such disturbances prove to be particularly problematic in the continuous production process. Overall, however, this results in insufficient selectivity during screening. This problem can be observed above all in the classification of post-crosslinked product.

Eine höhere Siebgüte wird üblicherweise dadurch erzielt, indem man dem Produkt Substanzen zusetzt, die dazu dienen, die Rieselfähigkeit und/oder die mechanische Stabilität des Polymerpulvers zu erhöhen. In aller Regel wird ein rieselfähiges Produkt erreicht, wenn man dem Polymerpulver, meist nach der Trocknung und/oder im Rahmen der Nachvernetzung Hilfsstoffe, beispielsweise Tenside, zusetzt, die ein gegenseitiges Verkleben der einzelnen Partikel verhindern. In anderen Fällen versucht man durch verfahrenstechnische Maßnahmen Einfluss auf die Verbackungstendenzen zu nehmen.A higher screening quality is usually achieved by adding substances to the product that serve to increase the pourability and/or the mechanical stability of the polymer powder. As a rule, a free-flowing product is obtained if auxiliaries, for example surfactants, which prevent the individual particles from sticking together, are added to the polymer powder, usually after drying and/or during post-crosslinking. In other cases, attempts are made to influence the caking tendencies by means of procedural measures.

Um ohne weitere Produktzusätze höhere Trennschärfen zu erreichen, wurden Verbesserungen durch alternative Siebanlagen vorgeschlagen. So werden höhere Trennschärfen erreicht, wenn Sieböffnungsflächen spiralförmig angetrieben werden. Dies ist beispielsweise der Fall bei Taumelsiebmaschinen. Wird jedoch der Durchsatz derartiger Siebvorrichtungen erhöht, so werden obige Probleme verstärkt, und es wird immer weniger möglich, das hohe Klassiervermögen aufrechtzuerhalten.In order to achieve higher selectivity without additional product additives, improvements using alternative screening systems were proposed. In this way, higher degrees of selectivity are achieved when the screen opening surfaces are driven in a spiral manner. This is the case, for example, with tumbler screening machines. However, as the throughput of such screening devices is increased, the above problems are exacerbated, and it becomes less and less possible to maintain the high classifying ability.

Auch der Zusatz von Siebhilfen, wie Siebbälle, PVC-Reibringe, Teflon-Reibringe oder Gummiwürfel, auf die Sieboberfläche, hilft nur unwesentlich die Trennschärfe zu steigern. Besonders bei amorphem Polymermaterial, wie wasserabsorbierenden Polymerpartikeln, kann es dadurch zu verstärktem Abrieb kommen.The addition of sieving aids, such as sieve balls, PVC friction rings, Teflon friction rings or rubber cubes, to the surface of the sieve only helps to increase the selectivity to an insignificant extent. This can lead to increased abrasion, especially in the case of amorphous polymer material, such as water-absorbing polymer particles.

Ein allgemeine Übersicht zur Klassierung ist beispielsweise in Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Band 2, Seiten 43 bis 56, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1972 , zu finden.A general overview of the classification is for example in Ullmann's encyclopedia of technical chemistry, 4th edition, volume 2, pages 43 to 56, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1972 , to find.

EP 855 232 A2 beschreibt ein Klassierverfahren für wasserabsorbierende Polymere. Durch Verwendung beheizter oder thermisch isolierter Siebe werden insbesondere bei kleinen Korngrößen Agglomerate unterhalb des Siebes vermieden. EP 855 232 A2 describes a classification method for water-absorbing polymers. By using heated or thermally insulated screens, agglomerates below the screen are avoided, especially with small grain sizes.

DE 10 2005 001 789 A1 beschreibt ein Klassierverfahren, das bei vermindertem Druck durchgeführt wird. DE 10 2005 001 789 A1 describes a classification process that is carried out at reduced pressure.

JP 2003/320308 A beschreibt ein Verfahren, bei dem Agglomerate vermieden werden, indem die Siebunterseite mit warmer Luft angeströmt wird. JP 2003/320308 A describes a process in which agglomerates are avoided by blowing warm air onto the underside of the screen.

WO 92/18171 A1 beschreibt den Zusatz anorganischer Pulver als Siebhilfsmittel. WO 92/18171 A1 describes the addition of inorganic powders as screening aids.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war die Bereitstellung eines verbesserten Klassierverfahrens zur Herstellung wasserabsorbierender Polymerpartikel.The object of the present invention was to provide an improved classification process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles.

Gelöst wurde die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Klassieren wasserabsorbierender Polymerpartikel, wobei die Polymerpartikel in n Korngrößenfraktionen aufgetrennt werden und n eine ganze Zahl größer 1 ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens n Siebe verwendet werden, die Maschenweiten der n Siebe in Produktstromrichtung abnehmen mindestens zwei in Produktstromrichtung hintereinander anfallende Siebfraktionen zu einer Korngrößenfraktion vereinigt werden, wobei sich die Maschenweiten der Siebe, auf denen diese Siebfraktionen anfallen, um jeweils mindestens 50 µm unterscheiden, die Korngrößenfraktionen in der Folge (1,2,1), (2,2,1), (1,3,1), (3,2,1), (2,3,1) oder (3,3,1) zusammengefasst werden, wobei die Anzahl der Zahlen in einer Klammer für die Anzahl der Korngrößenfraktionen steht, die Korngrößenfraktionen in Produktstromfolge in den Klammern von links nach rechts angeordnet sind und die Zahlenwerte selber für die Anzahl aufeinanderfolgender Siebfraktionen stehen, die zu der jeweiligen Korngrößenfraktion zusammengefasst werden, und der stündliche Durchsatz an wasserabsorbierenden Polymerpartikeln beim Klassieren mindestens 100 kg pro m2 Siebfläche beträgt.The object was achieved by a method for classifying water-absorbing polymer particles, the polymer particles being separated into n particle size fractions and n being an integer greater than 1, characterized in that at least n sieves are used, the mesh sizes of the n sieves decrease in the product flow direction by at least two in Screen fractions that occur one after the other in the product flow direction are combined to form a grain size fraction, with the mesh sizes of the screens on which these screen fractions occur differing by at least 50 µm, the grain size fractions in the sequence (1,2,1), (2,2,1) , (1,3,1), (3,2,1), (2,3,1) or (3,3,1) are summarized, where the number of numbers in brackets stands for the number of grain size fractions, the particle size fractions are arranged in the product flow sequence in the brackets from left to right and the numerical values themselves stand for the number of successive screening fractions that belong to the respective Gen grain size fraction are summarized, and the hourly throughput of water-absorbing polymer particles during classification is at least 100 kg per m 2 screen surface.

Durch ein Sieb wird ein partikuläres Material in zwei Siebfraktionen aufgetrennt, die Partikel, die auf dem Sieb verbleiben, und die Partikel, die durch die Maschen des Siebes hindurchtreten. Durch Verwendung weiterer Siebe kann jede Siebfraktion in weitere zwei Siebfraktionen aufgetrennt werden. Bei Verwendung von n Sieben werden also (n+1) Siebfraktionen erhalten, wobei jede Siebfraktion separat als Korngrößenfraktion weiterverarbeitet werden kann. Wesentliches Merkmal der vorliegenden Erfindung ist dagegen, dass mindestens zwei dieser Siebfraktionen zu einer Korngrößenfraktion vereinigt und gemeinsam weiterverarbeitet werden. Gegenüber den bisher üblichen Verfahren zur Klassierung wasserabsorbierender Polymerpartikel verwendet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren also mindestens ein Sieb mehr.A sieve separates a particulate material into two sieve fractions, the particles that remain on the sieve and the particles that pass through the mesh of the sieve. By using additional sieves, each sieve fraction can be separated into two further sieve fractions. When using n sieves, (n+1) sieve fractions are obtained, with each sieve fraction being able to be further processed separately as a grain size fraction. An essential feature of the present invention, on the other hand, is that at least two of these sieve fractions are combined into one grain size fraction and further processed together. Compared to the previously customary methods for classifying water-absorbing polymer particles, the method according to the invention therefore uses at least one more sieve.

Durch die Verwendung des mindestens einen zusätzlichen Siebes werden wasserabsorbierende Polymerpartikel mit verbesserter Absorption unter Druck (AUL) und verbesserter Flüssigkeitsweiterleitung im gequollenen Gelbett (SFC) erhalten.Water-absorbing polymer particles with improved absorption under pressure (AUL) and improved liquid transfer in the swollen gel bed (SFC) are obtained by using the at least one additional sieve.

Die Anzahl der Korngrößenfraktionen beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 3. Die Anzahl der verwendeten Siebe beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens (n+1).The number of grain size fractions is preferably at least 3. The number of sieves used is preferably at least (n+1).

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung werden mindestens zwei in Produktstromrichtung hintereinander anfallende Siebfraktionen zu einer Korngrößenfraktion vereinigt, wobei sich die Maschenweiten der Siebe, auf denen diese Siebfraktionen anfallen vorzugsweise um jeweils mindestens 100 µm, bevorzugt um jeweils mindestens 150 µm, besonders bevorzugt um jeweils mindestens 200 µm, ganz besonders bevorzugt um jeweils mindestens 250 µm, unterscheiden.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least two sieve fractions occurring one after the other in the product flow direction are combined to form a grain size fraction, with the mesh sizes of the sieves on which these sieve fractions occur preferably increasing by at least 100 μm each, preferably by at least 150 μm each, particularly preferably by each at least 200 μm, very particularly preferably by at least 250 μm in each case.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung werden die in Produktstromrichtung zuerst anfallenden mindestens zwei Siebfraktionen zu einer Korngrößenfraktion vereinigt, wobei sich die Maschenweiten der Siebe, auf denen diese Siebfraktionen anfallen vorzugsweise um jeweils mindestens 500 µm, bevorzugt um jeweils mindestens 1.000 µm, besonders bevorzugt um jeweils mindestens 1.500 µm, ganz besonders bevorzugt um jeweils mindestens 2.000 µm, unterscheiden.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least two sieve fractions occurring first in the product flow direction are combined to form a grain size fraction, with the mesh sizes of the sieves on which these sieve fractions occur preferably increasing by at least 500 μm each, preferably by at least 1,000 μm each, particularly preferably differ by at least 1,500 μm in each case, very particularly preferably by at least 2,000 μm in each case.

Die wasserabsorbierenden Polymerpartikel weisen während des Klassierens vorzugsweise eine Temperatur von 40 bis 120°C, besonders bevorzugt von 45 bis 100 °C, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 50 bis 80°C, auf.During classification, the water-absorbing polymer particles preferably have a temperature of 40 to 120°C, particularly preferably 45 to 100°C, very particularly preferably 50 to 80°C.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird bei vermindertem Druck klassiert. Der Druck beträgt dabei vorzugsweise 100 mbar weniger als der Umgebungsdruck.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, classification is carried out at reduced pressure. The pressure is preferably 100 mbar less than the ambient pressure.

Besonders vorteilhaft wird das erfindungsgemäße Klassierverfahren kontinuierlich durchgeführt. Der Durchsatz an wasserabsorbierendem Polymer beträgt dabei mindestens 100 kg/m2·h, vorzugsweise mindestens 150 kg/m2·h, bevorzugt mindestens 200 kg/m2·h, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 250 kg/m2·h, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 300 kg/m2·h.The classification method according to the invention is particularly advantageously carried out continuously. The throughput of water-absorbing polymer is at least 100 kg/m 2 .h, preferably at least 150 kg/m 2 .h, preferably at least 200 kg/m 2 .h, particularly preferably at least 250 kg/m 2 .h, very particularly preferably at least 300 kg/m 2 .h.

Die für das erfindungsgemäße Klassierverfahren geeigneten Siebvorrichtungen unterliegen keiner Beschränkung, bevorzugt sind Plansiebverfahren, ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Taumelsiebmaschinen. Die Siebvorrichtung wird zur Unterstützung der Klassierung typischerweise gerüttelt. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise so, dass das zu klassierende Gut spiralförmig über das Sieb geführt wird. Diese erzwungene Vibration hat typischerweise eine Amplitude von 0,7 bis 40 mm, vorzugsweise von 1,5 bis 25 mm, und eine Frequenz von 1 bis 100 Hz, vorzugsweise von 5 bis 10 Hz.The screening devices suitable for the classification process according to the invention are not subject to any restrictions; flat screening processes are preferred, and tumbling screening machines are very particularly preferred. The screening apparatus is typically vibrated to aid in classification. This is preferably done in such a way that the material to be classified is guided spirally over the screen. This forced vibration typically has an amplitude of 0.7 to 40 mm, preferably 1.5 to 25 mm, and a frequency of 1 to 100 Hz, preferably 5 to 10 Hz.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird mindestens eine Siebmaschine mit n Sieben verwendet. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn mehrere Siebmaschinen parallel betrieben werden.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one screening machine with n screens is used. It is advantageous if several screening machines are operated in parallel.

Vorzugsweise wird das wasserabsorbierende Harz während des Klassierens mit einem Gasstrom, besonders bevorzugt Luft, überströmt. Die Gasmenge beträgt typischerweise von 0,1 bis 10 m3/h pro m2 Siebfläche, vorzugsweise von 0,5 bis 5 m3/h pro m2 Siebfläche, besonders bevorzugt von 1 bis 3 m3/h pro m2 Siebfläche, wobei das Gasvolumen unter Standardbedingungen gemessen wird (25 °C und 1 bar). Besonders bevorzugt wird der Gasstrom vor dem Eintritt in die Siebvorrichtung angewärmt, typischerweise auf eine Temperatur von 40 bis 120°C, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur von 50 bis 110 °C, bevorzugt auf eine Temperatur von 60 bis 100°C, besonders bevorzugt auf eine Temperatur von 65 bis 90 °C, ganz besonders bevorzugt auf eine Temperatur von 70 bis 80 °C. Der Wassergehalt des Gasstroms beträgt typischerweise weniger 5 g/kg, vorzugsweise weniger als 4,5 g/kg, bevorzugt weniger als 4 g/kg, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 3,5 g/kg, ganz besonders bevorzugt weniger als 3 g/kg. Ein Gasstrom mit geringem Wassergehalt kann beispielsweise erzeugt werden, indem aus einem Gasstrom mit höherem Wassergehalt eine entsprechende Wassermenge durch Abkühlung auskondensiert wird.A stream of gas, particularly preferably air, preferably flows over the water-absorbing resin during classification. The amount of gas is typically from 0.1 to 10 m 3 /h per m 2 screen area, preferably from 0.5 to 5 m 3 /h per m 2 screen area, particularly preferably from 1 to 3 m 3 /h per m 2 screen area, where the gas volume is measured under standard conditions (25 °C and 1 bar). The gas stream is particularly preferably heated before entering the screening device, typically to a temperature of 40 to 120° C., preferably to a temperature of 50 to 110° C., preferably to a temperature of 60 to 100° C., particularly preferably to Temperature from 65 to 90 °C, most preferably to a temperature of 70 to 80 °C. The water content of the gas stream is typically less than 5 g/kg, preferably less than 4.5 g/kg, preferably less than 4 g/kg, more preferably less than 3.5 g/kg, most preferably less than 3 g/kg . A gas stream with a low water content can be generated, for example, by a gas stream with higher Water content a corresponding amount of water is condensed by cooling.

Die Siebmaschinen werden üblicherweise elektrisch geerdet.The screening machines are usually electrically grounded.

Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einzusetzenden wasserabsorbierenden Polymerpartikel können durch Polymerisation von Monomerlösungen, enthaltend mindestens ein ethylenisch ungesättigtes Monomer a), wahlweise mindestens einen Vernetzer b), mindestens einen Initiator c) und Wasser d), hergestellt werden.The water-absorbing polymer particles to be used in the process according to the invention can be prepared by polymerizing monomer solutions containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer a), optionally at least one crosslinker b), at least one initiator c) and water d).

Die Monomeren a) sind vorzugsweise wasserlöslich, d.h. die Löslichkeit in Wasser bei 23°C beträgt typischerweise mindestens 1 g/100 g Wasser, vorzugsweise mindestens 5 g/100 g Wasser, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 25 g/100 g Wasser, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 50 g/100 g Wasser, und haben vorzugsweise mindestens je eine Säuregruppe.The monomers a) are preferably water-soluble, ie the solubility in water at 23° C. is typically at least 1 g/100 g water, preferably at least 5 g/100 g water, particularly preferably at least 25 g/100 g water, very particularly preferably at least 50 g/100 g water, and preferably each have at least one acid group.

Geeignete Monomere a) sind beispielsweise ethylenisch ungesättigte Carbonsäuren, wie Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure und Itaconsäure. Besonders bevorzugte Monomere sind Acrylsäure und Methacrylsäure. Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist Acrylsäure.Examples of suitable monomers a) are ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid. Particularly preferred monomers are acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Acrylic acid is very particularly preferred.

Die bevorzugten Monomere a) haben mindestens eine Säuregruppe, wobei die Säuregruppen vorzugsweise zumindest teilweise neutralisiert sind.The preferred monomers a) have at least one acid group, the acid groups preferably being at least partially neutralized.

Der Anteil an Acrylsäure und/oder deren Salzen an der Gesamtmenge der Monomeren a) beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 50 mol-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90 mol-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 95 mol-%.The proportion of acrylic acid and/or its salts in the total amount of the monomers a) is preferably at least 50 mol %, particularly preferably at least 90 mol %, very particularly preferably at least 95 mol %.

Die Monomere a), insbesondere Acrylsäure, enthalten vorzugsweise bis zu 0,025 Gew.-% eines Hydrochinonhalbethers. Bevorzugte Hydrochinonhalbether sind Hydrochinonmonomethylether (MEHQ) und/oder Tocopherole.The monomers a), in particular acrylic acid, preferably contain up to 0.025% by weight of a hydroquinone monoether. Preferred hydroquinone hemiethers are hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) and/or tocopherols.

Unter Tocopherol werden Verbindungen der folgenden Formel verstanden

Figure imgb0001
wobei R1 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R2 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R3 Wasserstoff oder Methyl und R4 Wasserstoff oder ein Säurerest mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeutet.Tocopherol is understood to mean compounds of the following formula
Figure imgb0001
where R 1 is hydrogen or methyl, R 2 is hydrogen or methyl, R 3 is hydrogen or methyl and R 4 is hydrogen or an acid radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Bevorzugte Reste für R4 sind Acetyl, Ascorbyl, Succinyl, Nicotinyl und andere physiologisch verträgliche Carbonsäuren. Die Carbonsäuren können Mono-, Di- oder Tricarbonsäuren sein.Preferred radicals for R 4 are acetyl, ascorbyl, succinyl, nicotinyl and other physiologically tolerable carboxylic acids. The carboxylic acids can be mono-, di- or tri-carboxylic acids.

Bevorzugt ist alpha-Tocopherol mit R1 = R2 = R3 = Methyl, insbesondere racemisches alpha-Tocopherol. R1 ist besonders bevorzugt Wasserstoff oder Acetyl. Insbesondere bevorzugt ist RRR-alpha-Tocopherol.Alpha-tocopherol with R 1 ═R 2 ═R 3 ═methyl is preferred, in particular racemic alpha-tocopherol. R 1 is particularly preferably hydrogen or acetyl. RRR-alpha-tocopherol is particularly preferred.

Die Monomerlösung enthält bevorzugt höchstens 130 Gew.-ppm, besonders bevorzugt höchstens 70 Gew.-ppm, bevorzugt mindesten 10 Gew.-ppm, besonders bevorzugt mindesten 30 Gew.-ppm, insbesondere um 50 Gew.-ppm, Hydrochinonhalbether, jeweils bezogen auf Acrylsäure, wobei Acrylsäuresalze als Acrylsäure mit berücksichtigt werden. Beispielsweise kann zur Herstellung der Monomerlösung eine Acrylsäure mit einem entsprechenden Gehalt an Hydrochinonhalbether verwendet werden.The monomer solution preferably contains at most 130 ppm by weight, especially preferably at most 70 ppm by weight, preferably at least 10 ppm by weight, particularly preferably at least 30 ppm by weight, in particular around 50 ppm by weight, of hydroquinone monoether, based in each case on acrylic acid, acrylic acid salts also being taken into account as acrylic acid. For example, an acrylic acid with a corresponding content of hydroquinone half ether can be used to prepare the monomer solution.

Vernetzer b) sind Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei polymerisierbaren Gruppen, die in das Polymernetzwerk radikalisch einpolymerisiert werden können. Geeignete Vernetzer b) sind beispielsweise Ethylenglykoldimethacrylat, Diethylenglykoldiacrylat, Allylmethacrylat, Trimethylolpropantriacrylat, Triallylamin, Tetraallyloxyethan, wie in EP 530 438 A1 beschrieben, Di- und Triacrylate, wie in EP 547 847 A1 , EP 559 476 A1 , EP 632 068 A1 , WO 93/21237 A1 , WO 2003/104299 A1 , WO 2003/104300 A1 , WO 2003/104301 A1 und DE 103 31 450 A1 beschrieben, gemischte Acrylate, die neben Acrylatgruppen weitere ethylenisch ungesättigte Gruppen enthalten, wie in DE 103 31 456 A1 und DE 103 55 401 A1 beschrieben, oder Vernetzermischungen, wie beispielsweise in DE 195 43 368 A1 , DE 196 46 484 A1 , WO 90/15830 A1 und WO 2002/32962 A2 beschrieben.Crosslinkers b) are compounds having at least two polymerizable groups which can be polymerized into the polymer network by free radicals. Suitable crosslinkers b) are, for example, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, triallylamine, tetraallyloxyethane, as in EP 530 438 A1 described, di- and triacrylates, as in EP 547 847 A1 , EP 559 476 A1 , EP 632 068 A1 , WO 93/21237 A1 , WO 2003/104299 A1 , WO 2003/104300 A1 , WO 2003/104301 A1 and DE 103 31 450 A1 described, mixed acrylates containing other ethylenically unsaturated groups in addition to acrylate groups, as in DE 103 31 456 A1 and DE 103 55 401 A1 described, or crosslinker mixtures, such as in DE 195 43 368 A1 , DE 196 46 484 A1 , WO 90/15830 A1 and WO 2002/32962 A2 described.

Geeignete Vernetzer b) sind insbesondere N,N'-Methylenbisacrylamid und N,N'-Methylenbismethacrylamid, Ester ungesättigter Mono- oder Polycarbonsäuren von Polyolen, wie Diacrylat oder Triacrylat, beispielsweise Butandiol- oder Ethylenglykoldiacrylat bzw. -methacrylat sowie Trimethylolpropantriacrylat und Allylverbindungen, wie Allyl(meth)acrylat, Triallylcyanurat, Maleinsäurediallylester, Polyallylester, Tetraallyloxyethan, Triallylamin, Tetraallylethylendiamin, Allylester der Phosphorsäure sowie Vinylphosphonsäurederivate, wie sie beispielsweise in EP 343 427 A2 beschrieben sind. Weiterhin geeignete Vernetzer b) sind Pentaerythritoldi-, Pentaerythritoltri- und Pentaerythritoltetraallylether, Polyethylenglykoldiallylether, Ethylenglykoldiallylether, Glyzerindi- und Glyzerintriallylether, Polyallylether auf Basis Sorbitol, sowie ethoxylierte Varianten davon. Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einsetzbar sind Di(meth)acrylate von Polyethylenglykolen, wobei das eingesetzte Polyethylenglykol ein Molekulargewicht zwischen 100 und 1000 aufweist.Suitable crosslinkers b) are in particular N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and N,N'-methylenebismethacrylamide, esters of unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acids of polyols such as diacrylate or triacrylate, for example butanediol or ethylene glycol diacrylate or methacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate and allyl compounds such as allyl (Meth)acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, maleic acid diallyl ester, polyallyl ester, tetraallyloxyethane, triallylamine, tetraallylethylenediamine, allyl ester of phosphoric acid and vinylphosphonic acid derivatives, as for example in EP 343 427 A2 are described. Other suitable crosslinkers b) are pentaerythritol di-, pentaerythritol tri- and pentaerythritol tetraallyl ether, polyethylene glycol diallyl ether, ethylene glycol diallyl ether, glycerol di- and glycerol triallyl ether, polyallyl ether based on sorbitol, and ethoxylated variants thereof. Di(meth)acrylates of polyethylene glycols can be used in the process according to the invention, the polyethylene glycol used having a molecular weight of between 100 and 1000.

Besonders vorteilhafte Vernetzer b) sind jedoch Di- und Triacrylate des 3- bis 20-fach ethoxylierten Glyzerins, des 3- bis 20-fach ethoxylierten Trimethylolpropans, des 3- bis 20-fach ethoxylierten Trimethylolethans, insbesondere Di- und Triacrylate des 2- bis 6-fach ethoxylierten Glyzerins oder Trimethylolpropans, des 3-fach propoxylierten Glyzerins oder Trimethylolpropans, sowie des 3-fach gemischt ethoxylierten oder propoxylierten Glyzerins oder Trimethylolpropans, des 15-fach ethoxylierten Glyzerins oder Trimethylolpropans, sowie des mindestens 40-fach ethoxylierten Glyzerins, Trimethylolethans oder Trimethylolpropans.However, particularly advantageous crosslinkers b) are di- and triacrylates of 3- to 20-fold ethoxylated glycerol, 3- to 20-fold ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, 3- to 20-fold ethoxylated trimethylolethane, in particular di- and triacrylates of 2- to 6-fold ethoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, 3-fold propoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, and 3-fold mixed ethoxylated or propoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, 15-fold ethoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, and at least 40-fold ethoxylated glycerol, trimethylolethane or trimethylolpropane.

Ganz besonders bevorzugte Vernetzer b) sind die mit Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure zu Di- oder Triacrylaten veresterten mehrfach ethoxylierten und/oder propoxylierten Glyzerine, wie sie beispielsweise in WO 2003/104301 A1 beschrieben sind. Besonders vorteilhaft sind Di- und/oder Triacrylate des 3- bis 10-fach ethoxylierten Glyzerins. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Di- oder Triacrylate des 1- bis 5-fach ethoxylierten und/oder propoxylierten Glyzerins. Am meisten bevorzugt sind die Triacrylate des 3-bis 5-fach ethoxylierten und/oder propoxylierten Glyzerins.Very particularly preferred crosslinkers b) are the multiply ethoxylated and/or propoxylated glycerols esterified with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to form di- or triacrylates, such as those described in WO 2003/104301 A1 are described. Di- and/or triacrylates of 3- to 10-tuply ethoxylated glycerol are particularly advantageous. Very particular preference is given to di- or triacrylates of 1- to 5-tuply ethoxylated and/or propoxylated glycerol. The triacrylates of 3- to 5-tuply ethoxylated and/or propoxylated glycerol are most preferred.

Die Menge an Vernetzer b) beträgt vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,05 bis 2 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt 0,1 bis 1 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Monomerlösung.The amount of crosslinker b) is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 2% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, based in each case on the monomer solution.

Als Initiatoren c) können sämtliche unter den Polymerisationsbedingungen radikalbildende Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise Peroxide, Hydroperoxide, Wasserstoffperoxid, Persulfate, Azoverbindungen und die sogenannten Redoxinitiatoren. Bevorzugt ist der Einsatz von wasserlöslichen Initiatoren. In manchen Fällen ist es vorteilhaft, Mischungen verschiedener Initiatoren zu verwenden, beispielsweise Mischungen aus Wasserstoffperoxid und Natrium- oder Kaliumperoxodisulfat. Mischungen aus Wasserstoffperoxid und Natriumperoxodisulfat können in jedem beliebigen Verhältnis verwendet werden.All compounds which form free radicals under the polymerization conditions can be used as initiators c), for example peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, azo compounds and the so-called redox initiators. The use of water-soluble initiators is preferred. In some cases it is advantageous to use mixtures of different initiators, for example mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sodium or potassium peroxodisulphate. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate can be used in any ratio.

Besonders bevorzugte Initiatoren c) sind Azoinitiatoren, wie 2,2'-Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propan]dihydrochlorid und 2,2'-Azobis[2-(5-methyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl)propan]dihydrochlorid, und Photoinitiatoren, wie 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenon und 1-[4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-on, Redoxinitiatoren, wie Natriumpersulfat/ Hydroxymethylsulfinsäure, Ammoniumperoxodisulfat/Hydroxymethylsulfinsäure, Wasserstoffperoxid/Hydroxymethylsulfinsäure, Natriumpersulfat/Ascorbinsäure, Ammoniumperoxodisulfat/Ascorbinsäure und Wasserstoffperoxid/Ascorbinsäure, Photoinitiatoren, wie 1-[4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-on, sowie deren Mischungen.Particularly preferred initiators c) are azo initiators such as 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis[2-(5-methyl-2-imidazoline-2). -yl)propane] dihydrochloride, and photoinitiators such as 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone and 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, redox initiators , such as sodium persulfate/hydroxymethylsulfinic acid, ammonium peroxodisulfate/hydroxymethylsulfinic acid, hydrogen peroxide/hydroxymethylsulfinic acid, sodium persulfate/ascorbic acid, ammonium peroxodisulfate/ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid, photoinitiators such as 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl -1-propan-1-one, and mixtures thereof.

Die Initiatoren werden in üblichen Mengen eingesetzt, beispielsweise in Mengen von 0,001 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Monomeren a).The initiators are used in customary amounts, for example in amounts of from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on the monomers a).

Die bevorzugten Polymerisationsinhibitoren benötigen für eine optimale Wirkung gelösten Sauerstoff. Daher kann die Monomerlösung vor der Polymerisation durch Inertisierung, d. h. Durchströmen mit einem inerten Gas, vorzugsweise Stickstoff, von gelöstem Sauerstoff befreit werden. Vorzugsweise wird der Sauerstoffgehalt der Monomerlösung vor der Polymerisation auf weniger als 1 Gew.-ppm, besonders bevorzugt auf weniger als 0,5 Gew.-ppm, gesenkt.The preferred polymerization inhibitors require dissolved oxygen for optimal activity. Therefore, the monomer solution can be rendered inert prior to polymerization, i. H. Flowing through with an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, are freed from dissolved oxygen. The oxygen content of the monomer solution is preferably reduced to less than 1 ppm by weight, particularly preferably to less than 0.5 ppm by weight, before the polymerization.

Die Herstellung eines geeigneten Polymers sowie weitere geeignete hydrophile ethylenisch ungesättigte Monomere a) werden in DE 199 41 423 A1 , EP 686 650 A1 , WO 2001/45758 A1 und WO 2003/104300 A1 beschrieben.The preparation of a suitable polymer and other suitable hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers a) are in DE 199 41 423 A1 , EP 686 650 A1 , WO 2001/45758 A1 and WO 2003/104300 A1 described.

Geeignete Reaktoren sind Knetreaktoren oder Bandreaktoren. Im Kneter wird das bei der Polymerisation einer wässrigen Monomerlösung entstehende Polymergel durch beispielsweise gegenläufige Rührwellen kontinuierlich zerkleinert, wie in WO 2001/38402 A1 beschrieben. Die Polymerisation auf dem Band wird beispielsweise in DE 38 25 366 A1 und US 6,241,928 beschrieben. Bei der Polymerisation in einem Bandreaktor entsteht ein Polymergel, das in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt zerkleinert werden muss, beispielsweise in einem Fleischwolf, Extruder oder Kneter. Vorteilhaft wird das Hydrogel nach dem Verlassen des Polymerisationsreaktors noch bei höherer Temperatur, vorzugsweise mindestens 50°C, besonders bevorzugt mindestes 70 °C, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 80 °C, sowie vorzugsweise weniger als 100°C, gelagert, beispielsweise in isolierten Behältern. Durch die Lagerung, üblicherweise 2 bis 12 Stunden, wird der Monomerumsatz weiter erhöht.Suitable reactors are kneading reactors or belt reactors. In the kneader, the polymer gel formed during the polymerisation of an aqueous monomer solution is continuously comminuted, for example by counter-rotating stirrer shafts, as in WO 2001/38402 A1 described. Polymerization on the belt is used, for example, in DE 38 25 366 A1 and U.S. 6,241,928 described. Polymerization in a belt reactor produces a polymer gel that has to be comminuted in a further process step, for example in a meat grinder, extruder or kneader. After leaving the polymerization reactor, the hydrogel is advantageously stored at a higher temperature, preferably at least 50° C., particularly preferably at least 70° C., very particularly preferably at least 80° C. and preferably less than 100° C., for example in insulated containers. The monomer conversion is further increased by the storage, usually 2 to 12 hours.

Bei höheren Monomerumsätzen im Polymerisationsreaktor kann die Lagerung auch deutlich verkürzt bzw. auf eine Lagerung verzichtet werden.In the case of higher monomer conversions in the polymerization reactor, storage can also be significantly reduced or storage can be dispensed with.

Die Säuregruppen der erhaltenen Hydrogele sind üblicherweise teilweise neutralisiert, vorzugsweise zu 25 bis 95 mol-%, bevorzugt zu 50 bis 80 mol-%, besonders bevorzugt zu 60 bis 75 mol-%, wobei die üblichen Neutralisationsmittel verwendet werden können, vorzugsweise Alkalimetallhydroxide, Alkalimetalloxide, Alkalimetallcarbonate oder Alkalimetallhydrogencarbonate sowie deren Mischungen. Statt Alkalimetallsalzen können auch Ammoniumsalze verwendet werden. Natrium und Kalium sind als Alkalimetalle besonders bevorzugt, ganz besonders bevorzugt sind jedoch Natriumhydroxid, Natriumcarbonat oder Natriumhydrogencarbonat sowie deren Mischungen.The acid groups of the resulting hydrogels are usually partially neutralized, preferably to an extent of 25 to 95 mol %, preferably 50 to 80 mol %, particularly preferably 60 to 75 mol %, it being possible to use the customary neutralizing agents, preferably alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal oxides , Alkali metal carbonates or alkali metal hydrogen carbonates and mixtures thereof. Instead of alkali metal salts, ammonium salts can also be used. Sodium and potassium are particularly preferred as alkali metals, but sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof are very particularly preferred.

Die Neutralisation wird vorzugsweise auf der Stufe der Monomeren durchgeführt. Dies geschieht üblicherweise durch Einmischung des Neutralisationsmittels als wässrige Lösung, als Schmelze, oder bevorzugt auch als Feststoff. Beispielsweise kann Natriumhydroxid mit einem Wasseranteil deutlich unter 50 Gew.-% als wachsartige Masse mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb 23 °C vorliegen. In diesem Fall ist eine Dosierung als Stückgut oder Schmelze bei erhöhter Temperatur möglich.The neutralization is preferably carried out at the monomer stage. This is usually done by mixing in the neutralizing agent as an aqueous solution, as a melt, or preferably also as a solid. For example, sodium hydroxide with a water content well below 50% by weight can be present as a waxy mass with a melting point above 23.degree. In this case, dosing as piece goods or melt at elevated temperature is possible.

Es ist aber auch möglich die Neutralisation nach der Polymerisation auf der Stufe des Hydrogels durchzuführen. Weiterhin ist es möglich bis zu 40 mol-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 mol-%, besonders bevorzugt 15 bis 25 mol-%, der Säuregruppen vor der Polymerisation zu neutralisieren indem ein Teil des Neutralisationsmittels bereits der Monomerlösung zugesetzt und der gewünschte Endneutralisationsgrad erst nach der Polymerisation auf der Stufe des Hydrogels eingestellt wird. Wird das Hydrogel zumindest teilweise nach der Polymerisation neutralisiert, so wird das Hydrogel vorzugsweise mechanisch zerkleinert, beispielsweise mittels eines Fleischwolfes, wobei das Neutralisationsmittel aufgesprüht, übergestreut oder aufgegossen und dann sorgfältig untergemischt werden kann. Dazu kann die erhaltene Gelmasse noch mehrmals zur Homogenisierung gewolft werden.However, it is also possible to carry out the neutralization after the polymerization at the hydrogel stage. It is also possible to neutralize up to 40 mol %, preferably 10 to 30 mol %, particularly preferably 15 to 25 mol %, of the acid groups before the polymerization by adding part of the neutralizing agent to the monomer solution and the desired final degree of neutralization only afterwards of the polymerization is stopped at the stage of the hydrogel. If the hydrogel is at least partially neutralized after the polymerization, the hydrogel is preferably mechanically comminuted, for example using a meat grinder, in which case the neutralizing agent can be sprayed on, sprinkled over or poured on and then carefully mixed in. For this purpose, the gel mass obtained can be minced several times for homogenization.

Das Hydrogel wird dann vorzugsweise mit einem Bandtrockner getrocknet bis der Restfeuchtegehalt vorzugsweise unter 15 Gew.-%, insbesondere unter 10 Gew.-% liegt, wobei der Wassergehalt gemäß der von der EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) empfohlenen Testmethode Nr. 430.2-02 "Moisture content" bestimmt wird. Wahlweise kann zur Trocknung aber auch ein Wirbelbetttrockner oder ein beheizter Pflugscharmischer verwendet werden. Um besonders weiße Produkte zu erhalten, ist es vorteilhaft bei der Trocknung dieses Gels einen schnellen Abtransport des verdampfenden Wassers sicherzustellen. Dazu ist die Trocknertemperatur zu optimieren, die Luftzu- und -abführung muss kontrolliert erfolgen, und es ist in jedem Fall auf ausreichende Belüftung zu achten. Die Trocknung ist naturgemäß um so einfacher und das Produkt um so weißer, wenn der Feststoffgehalt des Gels möglichst hoch ist. Bevorzugt liegt der Feststoffgehalt des Gels vor der Trocknung daher zwischen 30 und 80 Gew.-%. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Belüftung des Trockners mit Stickstoff oder einem anderen nicht-oxidierenden Inertgas. Wahlweise kann aber auch einfach nur der Partialdruck des Sauerstoffs während der Trocknung abgesenkt werden, um oxidative Vergilbungsvorgänge zu verhindern.The hydrogel is then preferably dried using a belt dryer until the residual moisture content is preferably below 15% by weight, in particular below 10% by weight, the water content being in accordance with test method no. 430.2- recommended by EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association). 02 "Moisture content" is determined. Alternatively, a fluidized bed dryer or a heated ploughshare mixer can also be used for drying. In order to obtain particularly white products, it is advantageous to ensure rapid removal of the evaporating water when drying this gel. To do this, the dryer temperature must be optimized, the air supply and exhaust must be controlled, and sufficient ventilation must be ensured in any case. Drying is naturally all the easier and the product all the whiter when the solids content of the gel is as high as possible. The solids content of the gel before drying is therefore preferably between 30 and 80% by weight. Venting the dryer with nitrogen or another non-oxidizing inert gas is particularly advantageous. Optionally, however, just the partial pressure of the oxygen be lowered during drying in order to prevent oxidative yellowing processes.

Das getrocknete Hydrogel wird hiernach gemahlen und klassiert, wobei zur Mahlung üblicherweise ein- oder mehrstufige Walzenstühle, bevorzugt zwei- oder dreistufige Walzenstühle, Stiftmühlen, Hammermühlen oder Schwingmühlen eingesetzt werden können.The dried hydrogel is then ground and classified, in which case one-stage or multi-stage roller mills, preferably two-stage or three-stage roller mills, pinned mills, hammer mills or vibratory mills can usually be used for grinding.

Die mittlere Partikelgröße der als Produktfraktion abgetrennten Polymerpartikel beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 200 µm, besonders bevorzugt von 250 bis 600 µm, ganz besonders von 300 bis 500 µm. Die mittlere Partikelgröße der Produktfraktion kann mittels der von der EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) empfohlenen Testmethode Nr. 420.2-02 "Partikel size distribution" ermittelt werden, wobei die Massenanteile der Siebfraktionen kumuliert aufgetragen werden und die mittlere Partikelgröße graphisch bestimmt wird. Die mittlere Partikelgröße ist hierbei der Wert der Maschenweite, der sich für kumulierte 50 Gew.-% ergibt.The mean particle size of the polymer particles separated off as the product fraction is preferably at least 200 μm, particularly preferably from 250 to 600 μm, very particularly from 300 to 500 μm. The average particle size of the product fraction can be determined using the test method no. 420.2-02 "Particle size distribution" recommended by EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association), whereby the mass fractions of the sieve fractions are applied cumulatively and the average particle size is determined graphically. The mean particle size here is the value of the mesh size that results for a cumulative 50% by weight.

Die Polymerpartikel können zur weiteren Verbesserung der Eigenschaften nachvernetzt werden. Geeignete Nachvernetzer sind Verbindungen, die Gruppen enthalten, die mit den mindestens zwei Carboxylatgruppen des Hydrogels kovalente Bindungen bilden können. Geeignete Verbindungen sind beispielsweise Alkoxysiliylverbindungen, Polyaziridine, Polyamine, Polyamidoamine, Di- oder Polyepoxide, wie in EP 83 022 A2 , EP 543 303 A1 und EP 937 736 A2 beschrieben, di- oder polyfunktionelle Alkohole, wie in DE 33 14 019 A1 , DE 35 23 617 A1 und EP 450 922 A2 beschrieben, oder ß-Hydroxyalkylamide, wie in DE 102 04 938 A1 und US 6,239,230 beschrieben.The polymer particles can be post-crosslinked to further improve the properties. Suitable post-crosslinkers are compounds containing groups capable of forming covalent bonds with the at least two carboxylate groups of the hydrogel. Suitable compounds are, for example, alkoxysilyl compounds, polyaziridines, polyamines, polyamidoamines, di- or polyepoxides, as in EP 83 022 A2 , EP 543 303 A1 and EP 937 736 A2 described, di- or polyfunctional alcohols, as in DE 33 14 019 A1 , DE 35 23 617 A1 and EP 450 922 A2 described, or ß-hydroxyalkylamides, as in DE 102 04 938 A1 and U.S. 6,239,230 described.

Des weiteren sind in DE 40 20 780 C1 zyklische Karbonate, in DE 198 07 502 A1 2-Oxazolidon und dessen Derivate, wie 2-Hydroxyethyl-2-oxazolidon, in DE 198 07 992 C1 Bis- und Poly-2-oxazolidinone, in DE 198 54 573 A1 2-Oxotetrahydro-1,3-oxazin und dessen Derivate, in DE 198 54 574 A1 N-Acyl-2-Oxazolidone, in DE 102 04 937 A1 zyklische Harnstoffe, in DE 103 34 584 A1 bizyklische Amidacetale, in EP 1 199 327 A2 Oxetane und zyklische Harnstoffe und in WO 2003/31482 A1 Morpholin-2,3-dion und dessen Derivate als geeignete Nachvernetzer beschrieben.Furthermore, in DE 40 20 780 C1 cyclic carbonates, in DE 198 07 502 A1 2-oxazolidone and its derivatives, such as 2-hydroxyethyl-2-oxazolidone, in DE 198 07 992 C1 Bis- and poly-2-oxazolidinones, in DE 198 54 573 A1 2-Oxotetrahydro-1,3-oxazine and its derivatives, in DE 198 54 574 A1 N-acyl-2-oxazolidones, in DE 102 04 937 A1 cyclic ureas, in DE 103 34 584 A1 bicyclic amide acetals, in EP 1 199 327 A2 Oxetanes and cyclic ureas and in WO 2003/31482 A1 Morpholine-2,3-dione and its derivatives are described as suitable post-crosslinkers.

Weiterhin können auch Nachvernetzer eingesetzt werden, die zusätzliche polymerisierbare ethylenisch ungesättigte Gruppen enthalten, wie in DE 37 13 601 A1 beschriebenFurthermore, post-crosslinkers can also be used which contain additional polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups, as in DE 37 13 601 A1 described

Die Menge an Nachvernetzer beträgt vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 1 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,05 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt 0,1 bis 0,2 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Polymer.The amount of post-crosslinker is preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.2% by weight, based in each case on the polymer .

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung werden zusätzlich zu den Nachvernetzern polyvalente Kationen auf die Partikeloberfläche aufgebracht.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, polyvalent cations are applied to the particle surface in addition to the post-crosslinkers.

Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einsetzbaren polyvalenten Kationen sind beispielsweise zweiwertige Kationen, wie die Kationen von Zink, Magnesium, Kalzium und Strontium, dreiwertige Kationen, wie die Kationen von Aluminium, Eisen, Chrom, Seltenerden und Mangan, vierwertige Kationen, wie die Kationen von Titan und Zirkonium. Als Gegenion sind Chlorid, Bromid, Sulfat, Hydrogensulfat, Carbonat, Hydrogencarbonat, Nitrat, Phosphat, Hydrogenphosphat, Dihydrogenphosphat und Carboxylat, wie Acetat und Lactat, möglich. Aluminiumsulfat ist bevorzugt. Außer Metallsalzen können auch Polyamine als polyvalente Kationen eingesetzt werden.The polyvalent cations that can be used in the process according to the invention are, for example, divalent cations such as zinc, magnesium, calcium and strontium cations, trivalent cations such as aluminum cations, iron cations, Chromium, rare earths and manganese, tetravalent cations such as the cations of titanium and zirconium. As a counter ion, chloride, bromide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, nitrate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate and carboxylate such as acetate and lactate are possible. Aluminum sulfate is preferred. In addition to metal salts, polyamines can also be used as polyvalent cations.

Die Einsatzmenge an polyvalentem Kation beträgt beispielsweise 0,001 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,005 bis 0,2 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,02 bis 0,1 Gew.-%. jeweils bezogen auf das Polymer.The amount of polyvalent cation used is, for example, 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 0.2% by weight, particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.1% by weight. in each case based on the polymer.

Die Nachvernetzung wird üblicherweise so durchgeführt, dass eine Lösung des Nachvernetzers auf das Hydrogel oder die trockenen Polymerpartikel aufgesprüht wird. Im Anschluss an das Aufsprühen wird thermisch getrocknet, wobei die Nachvernetzungsreaktion sowohl vor als auch während der Trocknung stattfinden kann.The post-crosslinking is usually carried out by spraying a solution of the post-crosslinker onto the hydrogel or the dry polymer particles. Following the spraying, thermal drying takes place, with the post-crosslinking reaction being able to take place both before and during the drying.

Das Aufsprühen einer Lösung des Vernetzers wird vorzugsweise in Mischern mit bewegten Mischwerkzeugen, wie Schneckenmischer, Paddelmischer, Scheibenmischer, Pflugscharmischer und Schaufelmischer, durchgeführt werden. Besonders bevorzugt sind Vertikalmischer, ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Pflugscharmischer und Schaufelmischer. Geeignete Mischer sind beispielsweise Lödige-Mischer, Bepex-Mischer, Nauta-Mischer, Processall-Mischer und Schugi-Mischer.A solution of the crosslinking agent is preferably sprayed on in mixers with moving mixing tools, such as screw mixers, paddle mixers, disc mixers, plowshare mixers and paddle mixers. Vertical mixers are particularly preferred, and ploughshare mixers and paddle mixers are very particularly preferred. Examples of suitable mixers are Lödige mixers, Bepex mixers, Nauta mixers, Processall mixers and Schugi mixers.

Die thermische Trocknung wird vorzugsweise in Kontakttrocknern, besonders bevorzugt Schaufeltrocknern, ganz besonders bevorzugt Scheibentrocknern, durchgeführt. Geeignete Trockner sind beispielsweise Bepex-Trockner und Nara-Trockner. Überdies können auch Wirbelschichttrockner eingesetzt werden.The thermal drying is preferably carried out in contact dryers, particularly preferably paddle dryers, very particularly preferably disc dryers. Suitable dryers are, for example, Bepex dryers and Nara dryers. In addition, fluidized bed dryers can also be used.

Die Trocknung kann im Mischer selbst erfolgen, durch Beheizung des Mantels oder Einblasen von Warmluft. Ebenso geeignet ist ein nachgeschalteter Trockner, wie beispielsweise ein Hordentrockner, ein Drehrohrofen oder eine beheizbare Schnecke. Besonders vorteilhaft wird in einem Wirbelschichttrockner gemischt und getrocknet.Drying can take place in the mixer itself, by heating the jacket or blowing in warm air. A downstream dryer, such as a tray dryer, a rotary kiln or a heatable screw, is also suitable. Mixing and drying are particularly advantageous in a fluidized bed dryer.

Bevorzugte Trocknungstemperaturen liegen im Bereich 100 bis 250 °C, bevorzugt 120 bis 220 °C, und besonders bevorzugt 130 bis 210°C. Die bevorzugte Verweilzeit bei dieser Temperatur im Reaktionsmischer oder Trockner beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 10 Minuten, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 20 Minuten, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 30 Minuten.Preferred drying temperatures are in the range from 100 to 250.degree. C., preferably from 120 to 220.degree. C., and particularly preferably from 130 to 210.degree. The preferred residence time at this temperature in the reaction mixer or dryer is preferably at least 10 minutes, more preferably at least 20 minutes, most preferably at least 30 minutes.

Anschließend kann das nachvernetzte Polymer erneut klassiert werden.The post-crosslinked polymer can then be classified again.

Der mittlere Durchmesser der als Produktfraktion abgetrennten Polymerpartikel beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 200 µm, besonders bevorzugt von 250 bis 600 µm, ganz besonders von 300 bis 500 µm. 90% der Polymerpartikel weisen einen Durchmesser von vorzugsweise 100 bis 800 µm, besonders bevorzugt von 150 bis 700 µm, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 200 bis 600 µm, auf.The mean diameter of the polymer particles separated off as the product fraction is preferably at least 200 μm, particularly preferably from 250 to 600 μm, very particularly from 300 to 500 μm. 90% of the polymer particles have a diameter of preferably 100 to 800 μm, particularly preferably 150 to 700 μm, very particularly preferably 200 to 600 μm.

Die wasserabsorbierenden Polymerpartikel weisen eine Zentrifugenretentionskapazität (CRC) von typischerweise mindestens 15 g/g, vorzugsweise mindestens 20 g/g, bevorzugt mindestens 25 g/g, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 30 g/g, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 35 g/g, auf. Die Zentrifugenretentionskapazität (CRC) der wasserabsorbierenden Polymerpartikel beträgt üblicherweise weniger als 60 g/g, wobei die Zentrifugenretentionskapazität (CRC) gemäß der von der EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) empfohlenen Testmethode Nr. 441.2-02 "Centrifuge retention capacity" bestimmt wird.The water-absorbing polymer particles have a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of typically at least 15 g/g, preferably at least 20 g/g, preferably at least 25 g/g, particularly preferably at least 30 g/g, very particularly preferably at least 35 g/g. The centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of the water-absorbent polymer particles is usually less than 60 g/g, the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) being determined according to the test method No. 441.2-02 "Centrifuge retention capacity" recommended by EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association).

Die wasserabsorbierenden Polymerpartikel werden mittels der nachfolgend beschriebenen Testmethoden geprüft.The water-absorbing polymer particles are tested using the test methods described below.

Methoden:Methods:

Die Messungen sollten, wenn nicht anders angegeben, bei einer Umgebungstemperatur von 23 ± 2 °C und einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 50 ± 10 % durchgeführt werden. Die wasserabsorbierenden Polymerpartikel werden vor der Messung gut durchmischt.Unless otherwise specified, the measurements should be carried out at an ambient temperature of 23 ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 10 %. The water-absorbing polymer particles are thoroughly mixed before the measurement.

Permeabilität (SFC Saline Flow Conductivity)Permeability (SFC Saline Flow Conductivity)

Die Permeabilität einer gequollenen Gelschicht unter Druckbelastung von 0,3 psi (2070. Pa) wird, wie in EP-A-0 640 330 beschrieben, als Gel-Layer-Permeability einer gequollenen Gelschicht aus superabsorbierendem Polymer bestimmt, wobei die in zuvor genannter Patentanmeldung auf Seite 19 und in Figur 8 beschriebene Apparatur dahingehend modifiziert wurde, dass die Glasfritte (40) nicht mehr verwendet wird, der Stempel (39) aus gleichem Kunststoffmaterial besteht wie der Zylinder (37) und jetzt über die gesamte Auflagefläche gleichmäßig verteilt 21 gleichgroße Bohrungen enthält. Die Vorgehensweise sowie Auswertung der Messung bleibt unverändert gegenüber EP-A-0 640 330 . Der Durchfluss wird automatisch erfasst.The permeability of a swollen gel layer under a compressive load of 0.3 psi (2070 Pa) is determined as in EP-A-0 640 330 described, determined as the gel layer permeability of a swollen gel layer made of superabsorbent polymer, the apparatus described in the aforementioned patent application on page 19 and in Figure 8 being modified in such a way that the glass frit (40) is no longer used, the plunger (39 ) consists of the same plastic material as the cylinder (37) and now contains 21 holes of the same size distributed evenly over the entire contact surface. The procedure and evaluation of the measurement remains unchanged compared to EP-A-0 640 330 . The flow is automatically recorded.

Die Permeabilität (SFC) wird wie folgt berechnet: SFC cm 3 s / g = Fg t = 0 xL 0 / dxAxWP

Figure imgb0002
wobei Fg(t=0) der Durchfluss an NaCl-Lösung in g/s ist, der anhand einer linearen Regressionsanalyse der Daten Fg(t) der Durchflussbestimmungen durch Extrapolation gegen t=0 erhalten wird, L0 die Dicke der Gelschicht in cm, d die Dichte der NaCl-Lösung in g/cm3, A die Fläche der Gelschicht in cm2 und WP der hydrostatische Druck über der Gelschicht in dyn/cm2 darstellt.Permeability (SFC) is calculated as follows: SFC cm 3 s / G = fg t = 0 xL 0 / dxAxWP
Figure imgb0002
where Fg(t=0) is the flux of NaCl solution in g/s obtained from a linear regression analysis of the data Fg(t) of flux determinations by extrapolation against t=0, L0 is the thickness of the gel layer in cm, i.e is the density of the NaCl solution in g/cm 3 , A is the area of the gel layer in cm 2 and WP is the hydrostatic pressure across the gel layer in dynes/cm 2 .

Beispieleexamples Herstellung der wasserabsorbierenden PolymerpartikelProduction of the water-absorbing polymer particles

Durch kontinuierliches Mischen von Wasser, 50 gew.-%iger Natronlauge und Acrylsäure wurde eine 38,8 gew.-%ige Acrylsäure/Natriumacrylatlösung hergestellt, so dass der Neutralisationsgrad 71,3 mol-% betrug. Der Feststoffgehalt der Monomerlösung betrug 38,8 Gew.-%. Die Monomerlösung wurde nach dem Mischen der Komponenten durch einen Wärmetauscher kontinuierlich abgekühlt.A 38.8% by weight acrylic acid/sodium acrylate solution was prepared by continuously mixing water, 50% by weight sodium hydroxide solution and acrylic acid, so that the degree of neutralization was 71.3 mol%. The solids content of the monomer solution was 38.8% by weight. The monomer solution was continuously cooled by a heat exchanger after mixing the components.

Als mehrfach ethylenisch ungesättigter Vernetzer wird Polyethylenglykol-400-diacrylat (Diacrylat eines Polyethylenglykols mit einem mittleren Molgewicht von 400 g/mol) verwendet. Die Einsatzmenge betrug 2 kg pro t Monomerlösung.Polyethylene glycol 400 diacrylate (diacrylate of a polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 400 g/mol) is used as the polyethylenically unsaturated crosslinker. The amount used was 2 kg per t of monomer solution.

Zur Initiierung der radikalischen Polymerisation wurden folgende Komponenten eingesetzt: Wasserstoffperoxid (1,03 kg (0,25 gew.-%ig) pro t Monomerlösung), Natriumperoxodisulfat (3,10 kg (15 gew.-%ig) pro t Monomerlösung), sowie Ascorbinsäure (1,05 kg (1 gew.-%ig) pro t Monomerlösung).The following components were used to initiate the radical polymerization: hydrogen peroxide (1.03 kg (0.25% by weight) per t of monomer solution), sodium peroxodisulfate (3.10 kg (15% by weight) per t of monomer solution), and ascorbic acid (1.05 kg (1% by weight) per t of monomer solution).

Der Durchsatz der Monomerlösung betrug 20 t/h.The throughput of the monomer solution was 20 t/h.

Die einzelnen Komponenten werden kontinuierlich in einen List Contikneter mit 6.3m3 Volumen (Fa. List, Arisdorf, Schweiz) in folgenden Mengen eindosiert: 20 t/h Monomerlösung 40 kg/h Polyethylenglycol-400-diacrylat 82,6 kg/h Wasserstoffperoxidlösung/Natriumperoxodisulfat-Lösung 21 kg/h Ascorbinsäurelösung The individual components are continuously metered into a List Contikneter with a volume of 6.3m 3 (List, Arisdorf, Switzerland) in the following quantities: 20 t/h monomer solution 40 kg/hr Polyethylene glycol 400 diacrylate 82.6 kg/hr Hydrogen peroxide solution/sodium peroxodisulphate solution 21 kg/hr ascorbic acid solution

Zwischen den Zugabepunkten für Vernetzer und Initiatoren wurde die Monomerlösung mit Stickstoff inertisiert.The monomer solution was rendered inert with nitrogen between the points at which the crosslinkers and initiators were added.

Am Ende des Reaktors wurden zusätzlich 1.000 kg/h abgetrenntes Unterkorn mit einer Partikelgröße kleiner 150 µm zudosiert.At the end of the reactor, an additional 1,000 kg/h of separated undersize with a particle size of less than 150 µm were metered in.

Die Reaktionslösung hatte am Zulauf eine Temperatur von 23,5 °C. Der Reaktor wurde mit einer Drehzahl der Wellen von 38rpm betrieben. Die Verweilzeit der Reaktionsmischung im Reaktor betrug 15 Minuten.The reaction solution had a temperature of 23.5° C. at the inlet. The reactor was operated with a shaft speed of 38 rpm. The residence time of the reaction mixture in the reactor was 15 minutes.

Nach Polymerisation und Gelzerkleinerung wurde das wässrige Polymergel auf einen Bandtrockner aufgegeben. Die Verweilzeit auf dem Trocknerband betrug ca. 37 Minuten.After polymerization and gel comminution, the aqueous polymer gel was loaded onto a belt dryer. The residence time on the dryer belt was about 37 minutes.

Das getrocknete Hydrogel wurde gemahlen und gesiebt. Die Fraktion mit der Partikelgröße 150 bis 850 µm wurde nachvernetzt. Das abgetrennte Unterkorn (Unterkorn A) wurde zurückgeführt.The dried hydrogel was ground and sieved. The fraction with a particle size of 150 to 850 μm was post-crosslinked. The separated undersize (undersize A) was returned.

Die Nachvernetzerlösung wurde in einem Schugi-Mischer (Fa, Hosokawa-Micron B.V., Doetichem, NL) auf die Polymerpartikel aufgesprüht. Die Nachvernetzerlösung war eine 2,7 gew.-%ige Lösung von Ethylenglykoldiglycidylether in Propylenglykol/Wasser Gewichtsverhältnis 1:3).The postcrosslinker solution was sprayed onto the polymer particles in a Schugi mixer (Hosokawa-Micron BV, Doeticem, Netherlands). The post-crosslinker solution was a 2.7% strength by weight solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in propylene glycol/water (weight ratio 1:3).

Es wurden die folgenden Mengen dosiert: 7,5 t/h wasserabsorbierende Polymerpartikel (Grundpolymer) 308,25 kg/h Nachvernetzerlösung The following amounts were dosed: 7.5 t/h water-absorbing polymer particles (base polymer) 308.25 kg/hr post-crosslinker solution

Anschließend wurde 60 Minuten bei 150°C in einem NARA-Paddle-Dryer (Fa. GMF Gouda, Waddinxveen, NL) getrocknet und nachvernetzt.This was followed by drying and post-crosslinking at 150° C. in a NARA Paddle Dryer (GMF Gouda, Waddinxveen, NL) for 60 minutes.

Die nachvernetzten Polymerpartikel wurden in einem NARA-Paddle-Dryer (Fa. GMF Gouda, Waddinxveen, NL) auf 60°C abgekühlt (Mischung I).The post-crosslinked polymer particles were cooled to 60° C. (mixture I) in a NARA paddle dryer (from GMF Gouda, Waddinxveen, NL).

Die abgekühlten Polymerpartikel wurden auf eine Partikelgröße von 150 bis 850 µm abgesiebt. Das abgetrennte Unterkorn (Unterkorn B) wurde zurückgeführt.The cooled polymer particles were screened to a particle size of 150 to 850 μm. The separated undersize (undersize B) was returned.

Beispiele 1 bis 12Examples 1 to 12

Es wurde eine homogene Mischung aus Mischung I und Unterkorn A im Gewichtsverhältnis 4:1 hergestellt (Mischung II).A homogeneous mixture of mixture I and undersize A in a weight ratio of 4:1 was produced (mixture II).

Es wurde eine homogene Mischung aus Mischung I und Unterkorn B im Gewichtsverhältnis 4:1 hergestellt (Mischung III).A homogeneous mixture of mixture I and undersize B in a weight ratio of 4:1 was produced (mixture III).

Jeweils 200 g jeder Mischung wurden 30 bzw. 60 Sekunden mittels einer Vibrationsiebmaschine (AS 200 control; Retsch GmbH, Haan, DE) mit einem Siebturm mit 2 bzw. 3 Sieben aufgetrennt.In each case 200 g of each mixture were separated for 30 or 60 seconds by means of a vibrating screening machine (AS 200 control; Retsch GmbH, Haan, DE) with a screening tower with 2 or 3 screens.

Variante A: Es wurden Siebe mit den Maschenweiten 850 µm und 150 µm (2 Siebe) eingesetzt. Die Siebfraktion auf dem Sieb mit der Maschenweite 150 µm wurde als Produktfraktion analysiert.Variant A: Sieves with mesh sizes of 850 µm and 150 µm (2 sieves) were used. The sieve fraction on the sieve with a mesh size of 150 μm was analyzed as the product fraction.

Variante B: Es wurden Siebe mit den Maschenweiten 850 µm, 500 µm und 150 µm (3 Siebe) eingesetzt. Die Fraktionen auf den Sieben mit 500 µm und 150 µm wurden vereinigt, homogenisiert und als Produktfraktion analysiert.Variant B: Sieves with mesh sizes of 850 µm, 500 µm and 150 µm (3 sieves) were used. The fractions on the 500 µm and 150 µm sieves were pooled, homogenized and analyzed as a product fraction.

Die Versuchsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengefasst: Tab. 1: Siebversuche 1 Beispiel Einsatz Dauer des Siebens Anzahl der Siebe SFC [10-7 · cm3s/g] 1 Mischung I 30 s 3 42 2*) Mischung I 30 s 2 37 3 Mischung I 60 s 3 44 4*) Mischung I 60 s 2 34 5 Mischung II 30 s 3 26 6*) Mischung II 30 s 2 19 7 Mischung II 60 s 3 22 8*) Mischung II 60 s 2 21 9 Mischung III 30 s 3 33 10*) Mischung III 30 s 2 25 11 Mischung III 60 s 3 34 12*) Mischung III 60 s 2 33 *) Vergleichsbeispiele The test results are summarized in Table 1: Tab. 1: Sieving tests 1 example mission duration of the seven number of sieves SFC [10 -7 cm 3 s/g] 1 Mixture I 30s 3 42 2*) Mixture I 30s 2 37 3 Mixture I 60s 3 44 4*) Mixture I 60s 2 34 5 mix II 30s 3 26 6*) mix II 30s 2 19 7 mix II 60s 3 22 8th*) mix II 60s 2 21 9 mixture III 30s 3 33 10*) mixture III 30s 2 25 11 mixture III 60s 3 34 12*) mixture III 60s 2 33 *) Comparative examples

Beispiele 13 bis 16Examples 13 to 16

Es wurde eine homogene Mischung aus Mischung I und Unterkorn (Gemisch aus Unterkorn A und Unterkorn B) im Gewichtsverhältnis 2:1 hergestellt (Mischung IV).A homogeneous mixture of mixture I and undersize (mixture of undersize A and undersize B) in a weight ratio of 2:1 was produced (mixture IV).

Jeweils 200 g jeder Mischung wurde 60 Sekunden mittels einer Vibrationssiebmaschine (AS 200 control; Retsch GmbH, Haan, DE) mit einem Siebturm mit 2 bzw. 3 Sieben aufgetrennt.In each case 200 g of each mixture was separated for 60 seconds using a vibrating sieve machine (AS 200 control; Retsch GmbH, Haan, DE) with a sieve tower with 2 or 3 sieves.

Variante A: Es wurden Siebe mit den Maschenweiten 850 µm und 150 µm (2 Siebe) eingesetzt. Die Siebfraktion auf dem Sieb mit der Maschenweite 150 µm wurde als Produktfraktion analysiert.Variant A: Sieves with mesh sizes of 850 µm and 150 µm (2 sieves) were used. The sieve fraction on the sieve with a mesh size of 150 μm was analyzed as the product fraction.

Variante B: Es wurden Siebe mit den Maschenweiten 850 µm, x µm und 150 µm (3 Siebe) eingesetzt, wobei das mittlere Sieb eine Maschenweite von 500 µm, 600 µm oder 710 µm aufwies. Die Fraktionen auf den Sieben mit x µm und 150 µm wurden vereinigt, homogenisiert und als Produktfraktion analysiert.Variant B: Sieves with mesh sizes of 850 μm, x μm and 150 μm (3 sieves) were used, with the middle sieve having a mesh size of 500 μm, 600 μm or 710 μm. The fractions on the sieves with x μm and 150 μm were combined, homogenized and analyzed as a product fraction.

Die Versuchsergebnisse sind in Tabelle 2 zusammengefasst: Tab. 2: Siebversuche 2 Beispiel Einsatz Anzahl der Siebe Maschenweite des mittleren Siebes SFC [10-7·cm3s/g] 13 Mischung IV 3 500 µm 30 14 Mischung IV 3 600 µm 29 15 Mischung IV 3 710 µm 25 16*) Mischung IV 2 entfällt 25 *) Vergleichsbeispiel The test results are summarized in Table 2: Tab. 2: Sieving tests 2 example mission number of sieves Mesh size of the middle sieve SFC [10 -7 cm 3 s/g] 13 Mixture IV 3 500 microns 30 14 Mixture IV 3 600 microns 29 15 Mixture IV 3 710 µm 25 16*) Mixture IV 2 omitted 25 *) Comparative example

Claims (14)

  1. A process for classifying water-absorbing polymer beads by separating the polymer beads into n particle size fractions, where n is an integer greater than 1, wherein at least n screens with decreasing mesh sizes of the n screens in product flow direction are used, at least two screen fractions obtained in succession in product flow direction are combined to give one particle size fraction, and the mesh sizes of the screens on which these screen fractions occur differ in each case by at least 50 µm, the particle size fractions are unified in the sequence (1,2,1), (2,2,1), (1,3,1), (3,2,1), (2,3,1) or (3,3,1), where the number of figures in one set of brackets represents the number of particle size fractions, the particle size fractions are arranged from left to right in the brackets in product flow sequence, and the numerical values themselves represent the number of successive screen fractions which are combined to give the particular particle size fraction, and the throughput per hour of water-absorbing polymer beads in the course of classification is at least 100 kg per m2 of screen area.
  2. The process according to claim 1, wherein n is greater than 2.
  3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least (n+1) screens are used.
  4. The process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least two screen fractions which occur first in product flow direction are combined to give one particle size fraction.
  5. The process according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least two screen fractions which occur first in product flow direction are combined to give one particle size fraction, and the mesh sizes of the screens on which these screen fractions are obtained differ in each case by at least 500 µm.
  6. The process according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one screening machine with n screens is used.
  7. The process according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the water-absorbing polymer beads, during the classification, have a temperature of at least 40°C.
  8. The process according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein classification is effected under reduced pressure.
  9. The process according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein a gas stream flows over the the water-absorbing polymer beads during the classification.
  10. The process according to claim 9, wherein the gas stream has a temperature of from 40 to 120°C.
  11. The process according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the gas stream has a steam content of less than 5 g/kg.
  12. The process according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the water-absorbing polymer beads have been obtained by polymerization of an aqueous monomer solution.
  13. The process according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the water-absorbing polymer beads comprise at least 50 mol% of at least partly neutralized polymerized acrylic acid
  14. The process according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the water-absorbing polymer beads have a centrifuge retention capacity of at least 15 g/g.
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US8443982B2 (en) 2013-05-21
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US20090266747A1 (en) 2009-10-29
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