EP2076127A1 - Herbicidal oil-in-water emulsion compositions for controlling broadleaf weeds in turfgrass - Google Patents
Herbicidal oil-in-water emulsion compositions for controlling broadleaf weeds in turfgrassInfo
- Publication number
- EP2076127A1 EP2076127A1 EP07866183A EP07866183A EP2076127A1 EP 2076127 A1 EP2076127 A1 EP 2076127A1 EP 07866183 A EP07866183 A EP 07866183A EP 07866183 A EP07866183 A EP 07866183A EP 2076127 A1 EP2076127 A1 EP 2076127A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- emulsifier
- herbicide
- composition
- concentrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
Definitions
- the invention relates to herbicidal compositions and in particular to herbicidal oil-in-water emulsions that reduce the effective amount of herbicide required for the control of broadleaf weeds in turfgrass, while being substantially non-phytotoxic to turfgrass.
- oils as herbicide adjuvants are a well established practice in agriculture for improvement of weed control applications through better coverage and penetration of the active ingredient on the leaf surface of the target weed. In many cases, this permits some degree of reduction in the rate of herbicide required, which is particularly desired for synthetic herbicides that are toxic to humans and the environment.
- Oil-based herbicide adjuvants are often formulated as an herbicidal "emulsifiable concentrate" consisting of a 75-95 wt% hydrocarbon oil or solvent with the balance being emulsifier, and to which the herbicide is added.
- the herbicidal emulsifiable concentrate is diluted with water to form an oil-in-water emulsion which is then sprayed onto the target area at an appropriate rate. While most oil-based herbicidal adjuvants have been directed to the control of grassy weeds in crops, little has been done with respect to the use of such adjuvants for the control of broadleaf (dicotyledous) weeds in turfgrass. In one study by McCowan (McCowan, F. H.
- Embodiments of the invention provide an herbicidal composition having an amount of active ingredient significantly reduced from known prescribed label rates used for conventional herbicides.
- the novel compositions demonstrate a significantly increased herbicidal efficacy for controlling broadleaf weeds in turfgrass while being substantially non-phytotoxic to the turfgrass.
- Embodiments of the invention enable use of known herbicides at much lower active ingredient (A.I.) rates while showing at least equivalent broadleaf weed control in turfgrass when compared to prescribed label rates, typically expressed as the A.I. per unit area.
- Embodiments of the invention are also directed to a method of controlling broadleaf weeds in turfgrass while being substantially non-phytotoxic to turfgrass, which comprises treating the locus thereof with an effective amount of the novel herbicidal composition.
- embodiments of the novel herbicidal composition have been found to control insects, such as sod webworms and fall armyworms, in turfgrass. Therefore in a broad aspect, embodiments of the herbicidal compositions having increased herbicidal efficacy comprise: a broadleaf herbicide in an effective amount of active ingredient per unit area reduced from about 90% to about 50% of a prescribed label rate, wherein the composition has low potential phytotoxicity for turfgrass when applied as an oil-in-water emulsion at a total spray volume of from about 60 to about 120 gal/acre, the oil-in-water emulsion further comprising an oil-emulsifier mixture having a ratio of oil to emulsifier from about 95:5 wt% to about 50:50 wt%.
- embodiments of the invention are emulsion-forming broadleaf herbicide concentrates comprising: a broadleaf herbicide in an effective amount of active ingredient per unit area reduced from about 90% to about 50% of a prescribed label rate, and an oil-emulsifier mixture having a ratio of oil to emulsifier from about 50:50 wt% to about 95:5 wt%, wherein when diluted in water as an oil-in-water emulsion for application to turfgrass at a total spray volume of from about 60 to about 120 gal/acre the concentrate has a low potential phytotoxicity for turfgrass.
- embodments of the invention teach a method of preparing an oil-in-water emulsion having increased herbicidal efficacy and for delivery a reduced amount of active ingredient of an herbicide to turfgrass comprising: preparing an emulsion-forming broadleaf herbicide concentrate by combining a broadleaf herbicide in an effective amount of active ingredient per unit area reduced from about 90% to about 50% of a prescribed label rate, and an oil-emulsifier mixture having a ratio of oil to emulsifier from about 50:50 wt% to about 95:5 wt%; and combining the emulsion-forming broadleaf herbicide concentrate with water sufficient to dilute the oil-emulsifier from about 5 wt% to about 35 wt% for forming an oil-in-water emulsion for application to turfgrass at a total spray volume of from about 60 to about 120 gal/acre, the oil-in water emulsion having a low potential phytotoxicity for turfgrass.
- Exemplary herbicides contemplated for use in embodiments of the invention are the auxin mimic-type herbicides which include such herbicides as KILLEX® and TRIMEC®.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the effect of KILLEX® formulations according to embodiments of the invention, as described in Example 3, over time.
- control generally refers to killing, inhibition of proliferation, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence of plants.
- turfgrass or “grass” generally refer to grasses that are periodically cut or mowed to provide a groundcover for various utility, recreational or aesthetic purposes.
- Exemplary turfgrasses include Fescues, Rye, Bent, Bahia, St. Augustine, Centipede, Kentucky bluegrass, Zoysia Native Grasses (e.g., Buffalo grass, Blue Grama and Wheatgrasses), Seashore Paspalum, Carpet Grass, Buffo, and Beach Grass.
- grasses are typically found in locations such as parks, golf courses, sports fields, sod farms, roadsides, and lawns for housing residences, commercial sites, and institutional grounds.
- “broadleaf weeds” include, but are not limited to, bedstraw, bindweed (field), birdsfoot trefoil, black medic, blackseed plantain, blueweed, broad-leaved plantain, burdock, buttercup, Canada thistle, chickweed, chicory, clover, common chickweed, daisy fleabane, dandelion, devil's paint brush (hawkweed), dock (curled), english daisy, fall dandelion (fall hawkbit), grass leaved stitchwort, ground ivy, heal-all, henbit, knotweed, kochia, lamb's- quarters, mallow, mouse-ear chickweed, mustards, narrow-leaved plantain, ox- eye daisy, peppergrass, pigweed, pineapple weed, poison
- the herbicidal composition comprises a highly saturated oil, an emulsifier, and a broadleaf herbicide, provided as an oil-in-water emulsion (O/W emulsion) for ready-to-use applications or as an emulsifiable herbicidal concentrate which is thereafter diluted in water for application as the O/W emulsion.
- the active ingredients (A.I.) of an herbicide selected to control broadleaf weeds are present in the oil-in-water emulsion in a range of from about a 50% reduction, compared to known prescribed label rates, to about a 90% reduction, compared to known prescribed label rates.
- the oil and emulsifier in the oil-emulsifier mixture are present in a weight ratio of about 95:5 wt% to about 50:50 wt%.
- the oil-emulsifier mixture is present in the total O/W emulsion at about 5% to about 35% by weight which is contemplated to be delivered in a total spray volume of about 60 to about 120 gallons of O/W emulsion per acre of turfgrass.
- the oil-emulsifier mixture is present in the total oil-in-water emulsion at about 10% to about 30%.
- the oil-emulsifier mixture comprises a ratio of oil to emulsifier of from about 85:15 wt% to about 90:10 wt%.
- exemplary herbicides comprise auxin mimic or growth regulator type herbicides, which include the phenoxy-type herbicides, such as 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 24-DP, benzoic acid-type herbicides, such as dicamba and MCPA and other aromatic acid herbicides such as clopyralid, fluroxypyr, picloram and quinclorac.
- the herbicide used is either KILLEX® (Scott Canada, Mississauga, Ontario) or TRIMEC® (PBI/GORDON Corporation, Kansas City, Missouri), both of which are combinations of 2,4-D Mecoprop and dicamba.
- KILLEX® or TRIMEC® are used in a total herbicide active ingredient to oil-emulsifier mixture ratio of about 1 :50 to about 1 :750 by weight.
- the 2,4-D may be in the form of an acid, a salt or an ester, such as 2,4-D acid, 2,4-D sodium salt, 2,4-D diethyl amine, 2,4-D dimethylamine salt, 2,4-D isopropyl acid, 2,4-D triisopropyl acid, 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester, 2,4-D ethylhexyl ester or 2,4-D isopropyl ester.
- the Mecoprop may be in the form of an acid, a salt or an ester, such as MCPP acid, potassium salt, dimethylamine salt, diethanolamine salt or isooctyl ester.
- the Dicamba may be in the form of an acid, a dimethylamine or a sodium salt.
- Oils used in the composition are highly saturated oils. Typically, the oils are either synthetic or produced using conventional refining techniques such as solvent extraction, severe and mild hydrocracking or hydrotreating or hydrofining and have a viscosity in the range of about 6cSt to about 34cSt at 40 ° C (ASTM 445).
- Embodiments of the invention utilize paraffinic or isoparaffinic oils.
- isoparaffinic oils are selected to have a carbon number distribution in the range of about Ci 6 to about C 35 and is highly refined to have an aromatic content of less than about 10wt% and in embodiments of the invention less than about 5wt%.
- an isoparaffinic oil having substantially no aromatics is selected.
- "light oils” such as SOLVESSOTM 150 (available from ExxonMobil) or kerosene
- the inventors believe heavier isoparaffinic oils evaporate less quickly from the leaf surface and do not cause severe cell membrane disruption and therefore provide a better opportunity for the O/W emulsion to spread and for the herbicide therein to penetrate the leaf surface effectively.
- Emulsifiers are selected to have minimal toxicological risk, such as those included on the Environmental Protection Agency's List 3 or 4 Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients in Pesticide Products.
- suitable emulsifiers are selected to have sufficient solvency in the oil phase such as described in US Patent 6,515,031 to Applicant, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- suitable emulsifiers also include ethoxylated alcohols having primary C5 - C 2 o carbon chains with an average of about 2 to about 7 ethoxylation groups and alkyl phenol ethoxylates, including but not limited to dodecyl phenol ethoxylates, nonyl phenol ethoxylates and the like.
- compositions may further contain such additional ingredients as are known to one of skill in the art, such as preservatives to extend the shelf-life stability.
- additional ingredients such as preservatives to extend the shelf-life stability.
- a small amount of preservative such as methylchloroisothiazolinone in combination with methylisothiazolinone (KATHON® CG/ICP available from Rohm and Haas) is added, typically at less than 2.25 ppm of active ingredient.
- the O/W emulsions to be sprayed on turfgrass are typically prepared using high shear mixing equipment such as a Polytron® Homogenizer (available from Kinematica Inc., Newark, NJ, USA).
- Preparation using high shear equipment results in stable emulsions which can then be applied to the turfgrass using conventional spraying equipment and techniques.
- the unique combinations of oil and emulsifier in the emulsions act to reduce the amount of active ingredient of the herbicide, particularly KILLEX® and TRIMEC®, required to kill broadleaf weeds in turfgrass as compared to conventional aqueous solutions of the same herbicides.
- the compositions as shown result in a lack of detectable phytotoxicity when the O/W emulsion is used at a total spray volume of about 60- 120 gal /acre.
- embodiments of the invention using other herbicides such as listed above would similarly result in a significant reduction of the amount of active ingredient of the herbicide required to control broadleaf weeds in turf grass. Further, Applicant has noted that embodiments of the invention are effective in controlling insects such as tropical sod webworm and fall armyworm when applied to turfgrass.
- TRIMEC®Classic solutions were prepared by diluting TRIMEC®Classic in water as appropriate for use at the label rate ("TRIMEC 100%", 0.5 gal/acre) and at a reduced rate ("TRIMEC 12.5%", 0.0625gal/acre), each used at a spray volume of about 62 gallons per acre.
- TRIMEC®Southern solutions were prepared by diluting TRIMEC®Southern in water as appropriate for use at the label rate of 0.19 gal/acre ("TRIMEC®Southern 100%”) and at a reduced rate of 0.0625 gal/acre (“TRIMEC®Southern 33%”), each used at a spray volume of about 62 gallons per acre.
- KILLEX® or TRIMEC® oil-in-water emulsion formulations KILLEX® or TRIMEC® O/W emulsions were generally prepared by tank-mixing the components using high shear equipment such as a Polytron® Homogenizer (available from Kinematica Inc., Newark, NJ, USA) so as to produce a stable emulsion for application to turfgrass.
- high shear equipment such as a Polytron® Homogenizer (available from Kinematica Inc., Newark, NJ, USA) so as to produce a stable emulsion for application to turfgrass.
- Various compositions of oil, emulsifier, herbicide and water were prepared, according to embodiments of the invention, varying the oil and emulsifier at 10%, 20% or 30% by weight of the total solution as shown in the examples below.
- the O/W emulsions were used at a rate of from about 62 gal/acre to about 107 gal/acre.
- Testing of KILLEX® and TRIMEC® formulations KILLEX® or TRIMEC® formulations according to the various examples were applied to 2m x 2m plots of turfgrass. Turfgrass tested at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada predominantly comprised perennial ryegrass, with some Kentucky bluegrass and other perennial grasses. Turfgrass tested at Michigan State University, Ml, USA comprised a mixture of Kentucky blue grass, rye grass and tall fescue grass. Turfgrass tested at University of Florida, FL, USA comprised bahia grass and St. Augustine grass.
- the formulations were applied using standard spray procedures, as is known in the art.
- For measuring phytotoxic effects of the KILLEX® or TRIMEC® formulations on the turfgrass the turfgrass was analyzed by visual rating accompanied by instrumental assessment using a chlorophyll meter.
- EXAMPLE 2 Effects of KILLEX® dosa ⁇ e and an O/W emulsion of KILLEX® on dandelions
- This example demonstrates the effect of aqueous KILLEX® formulations on dandelion counts when used at the label rate (0.59 gal/acre) and a reduced rate (12.5%, 0.074 gal/acre, 87.5% reduction), as well as the effect of an O/W emulsion formulation containing 30% by weight of oil plus emulsifier on the efficacy of KILLEX® at the reduced rate.
- the KILLEX® formulations were prepared and tested as described in Example 1 , with the O/W emulsions being applied at a rate of 107 gal /acre. The results are shown below in Table 4.
- KILLEX® can be used to control dandelions.
- KILLEX® O/W emulsion over time on dandelions This example demonstrates the effect of KILLEX® O/W emulsion over time on dandelion counts in turfgrass.
- KILLEX® was used at a rate of 0.074 gal/acre in an O/W emulsion containing N65DW:AL3313 at 85:15 wt% and
- KILLEX® formulated as an O/W emulsion according to an embodiment of the invention, is effective in controlling dandelions over time, expressed as days after treatment (DAT).
- EXAMPLE 4 Effects of TRIMEC® dosa ⁇ e and an O/W emulsion of TRIMEC® on white clovers
- Example 4 demonstrates the effect of aqueous TRIMEC® formulations on white clover counts when used at the label rate (0.5 gal/acre ) and at a reduced rate (0.0625 gal/ Acre, 87.5% reduction).
- Example 4 demonstrates the effect on the efficacy of TRIMEC® at the reduced rate when used as an O/W emulsion formulation according to embodiments of the invention containing 10% by weight of oil plus emulsifier and 20% by weight of oil plus emulsifier
- the TRIMEC® formulations were prepared and tested as described in Example 1 at Michigan State University, with the O/W emulsions being applied at a rate of 62 gal /acre. The results are shown in Table 5 below.
- an O/W emulsion according to embodiments of the invention has increased efficacy and therefore significantly lower levels of TRIMEC® can be used to
- TRIMEC®Southern Effects of TRIMEC®Southern and an Q/W emulsion of TRIMEC®Southern on dollarweed and pusley
- Example 5 demonstrates the effect of an aqueous
- the label rate (0.19 gal/acre) and an O/W emulsion formulation containing 10% by weight of oil plus emulsifier according to a embodiment of the invention applied at a reduced rate (0.0625 gal/acre, 67% reduction).
- TRIMEC®Southern formulations were prepared and tested as described in Example 1 at University of Florida, with the O/W emulsions being applied at a rate of 62 gal /acre. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 6 demonstrates the phytotoxic effect of KILLEX® and various O/W emulsions of KILLEX® according to embodiments of the invention on turfgrass.
- the KILLEX® formulations were prepared and tested as described in Example 1 , with the O/W emulsions comprising oil plus emulsifier at 20% by weight in water. The formulations were applied at a total spray volume 107 gal/acre. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Turfgrass phytotoxicity - KILLEX® formulations applied at 0.0885 gal/acre
- the O/W formulation was prepared having a reduced rate of TRIMEC® (0.0625 gal/acre) containing 10% by weight of oil plus emulsifier.
- TRIMEC® 0.0625 gal/acre
- the field trial was carried out at University of Florida on St. Augustine grass.
- Ten medium sized tropical sod webworm larvae per PVC ring were used, the larvae in the rings being retained outside on turfgrass for 4 days after the application of the O/W emulsion.
- the O/W emulsion was applied at a rate of 80 gal/acre. Live larvae numbers were counted four days after application. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- TRIMEC® formulated as an O/W emulsion according to an embodiment of the invention is effective to control sod webworms in turfgrass.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2562718 CA2562718A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2006-10-05 | Herbicidal composition with increased herbicidal efficacy |
PCT/CA2007/001762 WO2008049192A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2007-10-03 | Herbicidal oil-in-water emulsion compositions for controlling broadleaf weeds in turfgrass |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2076127A1 true EP2076127A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
EP2076127A4 EP2076127A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
Family
ID=39264283
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07866183.2A Ceased EP2076127A4 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2007-10-03 | Herbicidal oil-in-water emulsion compositions for controlling broadleaf weeds in turfgrass |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2076127A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007308682A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2562718A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008049192A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2472806A1 (en) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-11-18 | Petro-Canada | Compositions and methods for treating turf insect pests and diseases such as fungal infestations |
US9357768B2 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2016-06-07 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Herbicidal composition with increased herbicidal efficacy |
CN102215692B (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2014-10-22 | 森科能源公司 | Improved turfgrass fungicide formulation with pigment |
EP2613635B1 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2016-04-06 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Synergistic paraffinic oil and boscalid fungicides |
WO2012162846A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-06 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Paraffinic oil-in-water emulsions for controlling infection of crop plants by fungal pathogens |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2069311A1 (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-04-14 | George S. Puritch | Fatty acid based emulsifiable concentrate having herbicidal activity |
WO2002034047A1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-02 | Adjuvants Plus Inc. | Agrochemical formulation aid composition and uses thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3997322A (en) * | 1970-09-09 | 1976-12-14 | Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania | Herbicide carrier oil composition |
US6515031B2 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2003-02-04 | Platte Chemical Company | Technique for emulsifying highly saturated hydroisomerized fluids |
-
2006
- 2006-10-05 CA CA 2562718 patent/CA2562718A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-10-03 WO PCT/CA2007/001762 patent/WO2008049192A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-03 AU AU2007308682A patent/AU2007308682A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-03 EP EP07866183.2A patent/EP2076127A4/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2069311A1 (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-04-14 | George S. Puritch | Fatty acid based emulsifiable concentrate having herbicidal activity |
WO2002034047A1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-02 | Adjuvants Plus Inc. | Agrochemical formulation aid composition and uses thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MCCOWAN F H: "Turf Herbicide Rx: Add Oil", AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, INDUSTRY PUBL, BALTIMORE, MD, vol. 23, no. 4, 1 April 1968 (1968-04-01), pages 18-21, XP008106052, ISSN: 0096-6681 * |
See also references of WO2008049192A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2007308682A1 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
CA2562718A1 (en) | 2008-04-05 |
EP2076127A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
WO2008049192A1 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
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