EP2032673B1 - Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens - Google Patents
Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2032673B1 EP2032673B1 EP07725552A EP07725552A EP2032673B1 EP 2032673 B1 EP2032673 B1 EP 2032673B1 EP 07725552 A EP07725552 A EP 07725552A EP 07725552 A EP07725552 A EP 07725552A EP 2032673 B1 EP2032673 B1 EP 2032673B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- coke oven
- gaps
- horizontal
- flue gas
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B29/00—Other details of coke ovens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B29/00—Other details of coke ovens
- C10B29/02—Brickwork, e.g. casings, linings, walls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B15/00—Other coke ovens
- C10B15/02—Other coke ovens with floor heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
- C10B5/06—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with horizontal heating flues
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0043—Floors, hearths
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coke oven in a horizontal design, a so-called non-recovery or heat-recovery coke oven, wherein the coke oven bottom is composed of at least two layers and the layers are formed of the same or different refractory materials.
- the first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material and the second layer has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like, wherein the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, gaps or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas channel ,
- the invention relates to a floor segment comprising at least these two layers and a method in which one or more of said coke ovens are used.
- the heating of heat-recovery coking ovens is usually carried out by combustion of the resulting gas during coking.
- the combustion is controlled so that a portion of the gas burns above the coal charge with primary air in the furnace chamber.
- This partially combusted gas is fed via channels, which are also referred to as "downcomer", the heating cables of the sole of the furnace chamber and completely burned here by adding further combustion air, the secondary air.
- the coal charge heat is supplied directly from above and indirectly from below, which has an advantageous effect on the coking rate and thus on the performance of the furnaces.
- the invention therefore achieves the object by means of a horizontal coke oven comprising a coke oven chamber, a coke oven bottom and a plurality of horizontally extending flue gas ducts arranged below the coke oven bottom in the region of the furnace brine.
- the coke oven bottom located between the coke oven chamber and the flue gas channel is at least in the vertical direction built two layers and supported on the walls of the flue gas ducts. Each of these layers is formed of the same or different refractory materials, such as silica, chamotte, etc.
- the coke oven according to the invention is characterized in that the first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material, and the second layer has a multiplicity of openings, gaps, gaps, small channels or the like, the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, Gaps, channels or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas duct.
- the second layer has a vault-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one flat top on which lies in the normal operation of the coke cake or the coal or coke charge during the cooking time.
- the coke oven can be further improved to the effect that between the first and second layer at least one further layer or transition elements are arranged.
- the convective parts of the heat transport are subordinate to the radiation-related portion of the heat transport, so that no gas must flow in the openings, channels, etc.
- the statics of the furnace is only minimally affected, but the strength of the supporting coke oven bottom can be reduced by up to 40%.
- a positive accompanying effect arises from the fact that the increased surface roughness of the smoke channel ceiling leads to a local reduction of the flow velocity, whereby per unit of time also an increase in the transmittable heat quantity takes place.
- the second layer is formed from shaped bricks made of solid material and arranged such that openings, gaps, gaps or the like are formed between adjacent shaped bricks or the wall.
- the second layer is formed from shaped bricks, each individual shaped brick having at least one opening, gap, gap, channel or the like, and ideally each individual shaped brick has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like.
- the two abovementioned possibilities for producing gaps or shaped blocks with channels can be combined with full-bodied molded blocks.
- the open cross-section of the openings, gaps, gaps or channels in the underlayer may be different. Different cross-sections of the openings allow an optimization of the gas flow and the heat flow. Thus, in particular, it may happen that the open cross section of said devices in the region of the doors and the furnace walls is increased in order to allow a uniform distribution of the heat flow in the entire region of the gas delivery channel.
- their cross sections can be calibrated. Thereby, depending on the embodiment of the invention, the cooking process of the coke over the entire length of the furnace can be made uniform. In addition, heating defects can be compensated with this type of opening design.
- a further improvement of the heat transfer can be achieved if at least one further layer is arranged between the first and second layer, wherein the molded block forming the first layer itself comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like and forms this additional intermediate layer
- the intermediate layer or transition stones which are provided to compensate for different contours of the layers, consists of molded blocks, which have at least one opening, a gap, gap, channel or the like.
- these bottom segments are shaped so that they have a concave curvature on the underside.
- the underlayer of these floor segments can also form the ceiling of the flue gas duct in the embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- the coke cake or the coke bed are on the top layer of Koksofenteils.
- the cover layer is therefore usually not arched shaped, but has a horizontal horizontal design.
- the molded floor stones advantageously already have the contour of the finished floor in their outer shape.
- the provided for the second layer floor blocks may already have a vaulted like curved shape as individual components.
- the provided for the first layer floor blocks have as individual blocks on its upper side advantageously a flat expression.
- the floor blocks can also be shaped and dimensioned in size so that they are adapted in their entire extent to the width of the respective flue gas duct and to the thickness of the flue gas duct walls.
- Each individual floor tile then spans the flue gas channel in its entire width and lies with its ends on the flue gas duct walls.
- a plurality of paralleled on the flue gas duct Bodenformsteinen then spans the flue gas duct.
- the invention comprises a method for producing coke, in which a coke oven is used in one of the aforementioned embodiments.
- Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a known coke oven 1 in a horizontal design.
- the actual coke oven chamber 2 is enclosed by the outer walls 3 and is supplied via the primary air duct 9 with combustion air.
- the combustion gases are from the coke oven chamber 2 via a wall channel, the so-called downcomer 4, in the flue gas channels 5, which run below the coke oven bottom 11.
- the flue gas channels 5 are separated by partitions 6, but are in a manner not shown with each other.
- Below the flue gas ducts 5 run secondary air ducts 8, via which the combustion in the flue gas ducts 5 can be controlled.
- the coal bed or the coke 10 is the intended operation as a bed or pressed cake on the coke oven bottom 11th
- the sectional view Fig. 2a shows the coke oven bottom 11 in detail.
- the coke oven bottom 11 constructed from the two layers 11a and 11b is placed on the partitions, which are formed from separating wall blocks 20.
- the actual surface of the coke oven bottom 11 is formed of flat bottom plates 15, which are placed on the horizontal transition stones 13. These horizontal transition blocks 13 form the vertical end of the partitions 6.
- Below the transition brick 13 two support stones 17 are arranged, which in turn rest on the masonry crowns of the respective partition 6.
- the partition 6 is formed from cuboid shaped stones 20.
- the ceiling 12 of the flue gas duct 5 is supported, which is formed as an arc and formed from a plurality of wedge-shaped ceiling stones 16.
- the ceiling tiles 16 are arranged so that between the ceiling tiles 16 always a gap 18 or channel is formed, as in the bottom view of the ceiling 12 in Fig. 2a shown. It is a further advantage of the invention to be seen in that the latticework in the lower layer 11 b less building material is needed, which is economically advantageous.
- Fig. 3a the construction of the coke oven bottom is shown in a sectional drawing when the ground segments 19 according to the invention are used.
- the bottom segment 19 is formed in the vertical direction as a continuous molded block and rests in the installed state on each two partitions 6.
- the manufacturing side openings, channels 18 or the like have been provided.
- the unilaterally open channels 18 communicate with the gas space of the flue gas channel 5 in connection.
- the channels 18 do not run perpendicular to the first layer 11a but are arranged in a fan-like manner, so that only the smallest possible areas of the first layer 11a remain without connection to the ends of the channels 18.
- 3b the bottom view of the bottom segment 19 is shown.
- the shadow edges of the ceiling channels 18 are shown due to the better clarity only for a number of the ceiling channels 18 as dashed lines.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Koksofen in horizontaler Bauweise, einen so genannten Non-Recovery- oder Heat-Recovery-Koksofen, bei welchem der Koksofenboden aus mindestens zwei Schichten aufgebaut ist und die Schichten aus demselben oder unterschiedlichen feuerfesten Materialien gebildet sind. Die vom Ofenraum aus gesehen erste Schicht ist aus einem vollen Material gebildet und die zweite Schicht weist eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen auf, wobei die Gasräume dieser Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen mit dem Gasraum des darunter verlaufenden Rauchgaskanals verbunden sind. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Bodensegment, dass mindestens diese beiden Schichten umfasst sowie ein Verfahren, bei welchem einer oder mehrere der genannten Koksöfen zum Einsatz kommen.The invention relates to a coke oven in a horizontal design, a so-called non-recovery or heat-recovery coke oven, wherein the coke oven bottom is composed of at least two layers and the layers are formed of the same or different refractory materials. The first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material and the second layer has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps or the like, wherein the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, gaps or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas channel , Furthermore, the invention relates to a floor segment comprising at least these two layers and a method in which one or more of said coke ovens are used.
Die Beheizung von Heat-Recovery-Verkokungsöfen erfolgt üblicherweise durch Verbrennung des bei der Verkokung entstehenden Gases. Die Verbrennung wird dabei so gesteuert, dass ein Teil des Gases oberhalb der Kohlecharge mit Primärluft in der Ofenkammer verbrennt. Dieses teilverbrannte Gas wird über Kanäle, welche auch als "Downcomer" bezeichnet werden, den Heizzügen der Sohle der Ofenkammer zugeführt und hier durch Zugabe weiterer Verbrennungsluft, der Sekundärluft, vollständig verbrannt. Auf diese Weise wird der Kohlecharge Wärme direkt von oben und indirekt von unten zugeführt, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Verkokungsgeschwindigkeit und damit auf die Leistung der Öfen auswirkt.The heating of heat-recovery coking ovens is usually carried out by combustion of the resulting gas during coking. The combustion is controlled so that a portion of the gas burns above the coal charge with primary air in the furnace chamber. This partially combusted gas is fed via channels, which are also referred to as "downcomer", the heating cables of the sole of the furnace chamber and completely burned here by adding further combustion air, the secondary air. In this way, the coal charge heat is supplied directly from above and indirectly from below, which has an advantageous effect on the coking rate and thus on the performance of the furnaces.
Diese bekannten Koksöfen arbeiten prinzipiell zuverlässig, weisen aber den Nachteil auf, dass lange Garungszeiten von bis zu 60 Stunden benötigt werden, um den Kokskuchen auszugaren.
(Siehe z.B.
J.J. Knoerzer et al. in XP000365105 beschreiben Koksofenkammern vom Typ 'Non-Recovery' und ein Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb. Beschrieben wird insbesondere eine Verfahrensweise, in der die zur Verbrennung des Verkokungsgases notwendige Menge an Verbrennungsluft in Primärluft und Sekundärluft geteilt wird, wobei die Primräluft über Einlassstutzen in der Tür eingelassen wird und die Sekundärluft über Einlasskanäle im Boden der Koksofenkammer. Das sekundäre Verbrennungsgas wird durch einen Sammeltunnel In die darüber gelegenen Sohlekanäle geführt, wo es zum Erwärmen des Kohlekuchens genutzt wird. Es werden weiterhin Verfahrensweisen zur Kontrolle der Verkokungstemperatur, der Beladung und des Ausdrückens beschrieben. Die Möglichkeit der Energierückgewinnung durch die Bauart'Heat-Recovery' wird erwähnt. Eine spezielle Anordnung von Formsteinen wird nicht beschrieben. Auch wird keine Möglichkeit angegeben, durch eine Veränderung des Sekundärluftflusses eine Verkürzung der Garungszeiten und somit eine Verbesserung der Koksqualität zu erreichen.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es somit, einen Koksofen und ein Verfahren zu offenbaren, mittels welchem kürzere Garungszeiten erreicht werden.These known coke ovens work in principle reliable, but have the disadvantage that long cooking times of up to 60 hours are required to bleed the coke cake.
(See, eg
JJ Knoerzer et al. in XP000365105 describe coke oven chambers of the type 'non-recovery' and a method for its operation. In particular, a procedure is described in which the amount of combustion air necessary for combustion of the coking gas is divided into primary air and secondary air, the primary air being admitted via inlet ports in the door, and the secondary air via inlet ducts in the bottom of the coke oven chamber. The secondary combustion gas is led through a collecting tunnel into the overlying sole channels, where it is used to heat the coal cake. Methods for controlling coking temperature, loading and squeezing are further described. The possibility of energy recovery by the 'heat recovery' type is mentioned. A special arrangement of molded bricks is not described. Also, no possibility is given to achieve a shortening of the cooking times and thus an improvement in the coke quality by changing the secondary air flow.
The object of the invention is thus to disclose a coke oven and a method, by means of which shorter cooking times can be achieved.
Es konnte gefunden werden, dass eine Ursache für die Garungszeit der massive Ofenboden darstellt, der die Kohleschüttung tragen muss. Dieser weist einen erheblichen Wärmeleitwiderstand auf, so dass die Unterseite der Kohleschüttung deutlich langsamer ausgart als die Oberseite. Daher löst die Erfindung die Aufgabe durch einen horizontalen Koksofen, der eine Koksofenkammer, einen Koksofenboden und mehrere unterhalb des Koksofenbodens angeordnete horizontal verlaufende Rauchgaskanäle im Bereich der Ofensole umfasst. Der zwischen Koksofenkammer und Rauchgaskanal befindliche Koksofenboden ist in vertikaler Richtung aus mindestens zwei Schichten aufgebaut und auf die Wände der Rauchgaskanäle gestützt. Jede dieser Schichten ist aus dem selben oder unterschiedlichen feuerfesten Materialien, wie Silikamaterial, Schamott, etc. gebildet. Der erfindungsgemäße Koksofen zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die vom Ofenraum aus gesehen erste Schicht aus einem vollen Material gebildet ist, und die zweite Schicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, kleine Kanäle oder dergleichen aufweist, wobei die Gasräume dieser Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanäle oder dergleichen mit dem Gasraum des darunter verlaufenden Rauchgaskanals verbunden sind.It could be found that one cause of the cooking time is the massive oven floor that has to carry the coal bed. This has a considerable thermal resistance, so that the underside of the coal bed ausgart much slower than the top. The invention therefore achieves the object by means of a horizontal coke oven comprising a coke oven chamber, a coke oven bottom and a plurality of horizontally extending flue gas ducts arranged below the coke oven bottom in the region of the furnace brine. The coke oven bottom located between the coke oven chamber and the flue gas channel is at least in the vertical direction built two layers and supported on the walls of the flue gas ducts. Each of these layers is formed of the same or different refractory materials, such as silica, chamotte, etc. The coke oven according to the invention is characterized in that the first layer seen from the furnace chamber is formed of a solid material, and the second layer has a multiplicity of openings, gaps, gaps, small channels or the like, the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, Gaps, channels or the like are connected to the gas space of the underlying flue gas duct.
Idealerweise weist die zweite Schicht eine gewölbeartig geschwungene Form auf und die erste Schicht hat mindestens eine ebene Oberseite, auf welcher im bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb der Kokskuchen bzw. die Kohle- oder Koksschüttung während der Garungszeit liegt. Dabei kann der Koksofen dahingehend weiter verbessert werden, dass zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht noch mindestens eine weitere Schicht oder Übergangselemente angeordnet sind.Ideally, the second layer has a vault-like curved shape and the first layer has at least one flat top on which lies in the normal operation of the coke cake or the coal or coke charge during the cooking time. In this case, the coke oven can be further improved to the effect that between the first and second layer at least one further layer or transition elements are arranged.
Bei den vorliegenden Temperaturen um 800°C sind die konvektiven Anteile des Wärmetransports nachrangig gegenüber dem strahlungsbedingten Anteil des Wärmetransports, so dass kein Gas in den Öffnungen, Kanälen etc. strömen muss. Mit dem Einsatz der zweiten Schicht in Form eines derartigen Gitterwerkes wird die Statik des Ofens daher nur minimal beeinflusst, aber die Stärke des tragenden Koksofenbodens kann um bis zu 40 % verringert werden. Dies führt zu einer erheblichen Verringerung des mittleren Wärmeleitwiderstandes des Koksofenbodens und in der Folge zu einer ebenfalls erheblichen Verkürzung der Garungszeit beziehungsweise Erhöhung der Ofenleistung. Ein positiver Begleiteffekt entsteht dadurch, dass die erhöhte Oberflächenrauhigkeit der Rauchkanaldecke zu einer lokalen Verringerung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit führt, wodurch pro Zeiteinheit ebenfalls eine Vergrößerung der übertragbaren Wärmemenge erfolgt.At the present temperatures around 800 ° C, the convective parts of the heat transport are subordinate to the radiation-related portion of the heat transport, so that no gas must flow in the openings, channels, etc. With the use of the second layer in the form of such a latticework, therefore, the statics of the furnace is only minimally affected, but the strength of the supporting coke oven bottom can be reduced by up to 40%. This leads to a significant reduction in the average thermal resistance of the coke oven bottom and, as a result, to a likewise considerable shortening of the cooking time or increase in the oven output. A positive accompanying effect arises from the fact that the increased surface roughness of the smoke channel ceiling leads to a local reduction of the flow velocity, whereby per unit of time also an increase in the transmittable heat quantity takes place.
Eine weitere Optimierung besteht darin, dass die zweite Schicht aus Formsteinen gebildet ist, die aus Vollmaterial bestehen und derart angeordnet werden, dass zwischen benachbarten Formsteinen oder der Wand Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder dergleichen gebildet werden. Vorteil dieser Konstruktion ist die einfache Umsetzung, da die identischen, keilförmigen Deckenformsteine verwendet werden können, die bereits für die vollflächige und im Stand der Technik bekannte Kanaldecke verwendet werden.A further optimization is that the second layer is formed from shaped bricks made of solid material and arranged such that openings, gaps, gaps or the like are formed between adjacent shaped bricks or the wall. The advantage of this design is the simple implementation, since the identical, wedge-shaped ceiling tiles can be used, which are already used for the full-surface and known in the art duct ceiling.
Eine Optimierung des Koksofens besteht darin, dass die zweite Schicht aus Formsteinen gebildet ist, wobei jeder einzelne Formstein mindestens eine Öffnung, Spalte, Lücke, Kanal oder dergleichen aufweist und idealerweise jeder einzelne Formstein mehrere Öffnungen, Spalte, Lücken, Kanäle oder dergleichen aufweist. Dabei können je nach konstruktiven Erfordernissen auch die beiden vorgenannten Möglichkeiten zur Erzeugung von Lücken oder Formsteine mit Kanälen mit vollmaterialigen Formsteinen kombiniert werden.An optimization of the coke oven is that the second layer is formed from shaped bricks, each individual shaped brick having at least one opening, gap, gap, channel or the like, and ideally each individual shaped brick has a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like. Depending on the design requirements, the two abovementioned possibilities for producing gaps or shaped blocks with channels can be combined with full-bodied molded blocks.
Für bestimmte Anforderungen kann der offene Querschnitt der Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken oder Kanäle in der Unterschicht unterschiedlich sein. Unterschiedliche Querschnitte der Öffnungen erlauben eine Optimierung der Gasführung und des Wärmestromes. So kann es insbesondere vorkommen, dass der offene Querschnitt der besagten Einrichtungen im Bereich der Türen und der Ofenwände erhöht ist, um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Wärmestromes im gesamten Bereich des Gasausführungskanals zu ermöglichen. Zur genauen Dimensionierung der Öffnungen können deren Querschnitte kalibriert werden. Dadurch kann, je nach Ausführungsart der Erfindung, der Garungsprozess des Kokses über die gesamte Länge des Ofens gleichmäßig gestaltet werden. Zudem können mit dieser Art der Öffnungsgestaltung Beheizungsmängel kompensiert werden. Eine weitere Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs kann erreicht werden, wenn zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht mindestens eine weitere Schicht angeordnet ist, wobei der die erste Schicht bildende Formstein selbst eine Deckschicht und eine Unterschicht umfasst, wobei die Deckschicht aus Vollmaterial gebildet ist und die Unterschicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanälen oder dergleichen aufweist und diese zusätzliche Zwischenschicht bildetFor certain requirements, the open cross-section of the openings, gaps, gaps or channels in the underlayer may be different. Different cross-sections of the openings allow an optimization of the gas flow and the heat flow. Thus, in particular, it may happen that the open cross section of said devices in the region of the doors and the furnace walls is increased in order to allow a uniform distribution of the heat flow in the entire region of the gas delivery channel. For exact dimensioning of the openings, their cross sections can be calibrated. Thereby, depending on the embodiment of the invention, the cooking process of the coke over the entire length of the furnace can be made uniform. In addition, heating defects can be compensated with this type of opening design. A further improvement of the heat transfer can be achieved if at least one further layer is arranged between the first and second layer, wherein the molded block forming the first layer itself comprises a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like and forms this additional intermediate layer
Wenn die erste Schicht zwei planparallele Seiten aufweist und die zweite Schicht bogenähnlich gewölbt konstruiert wurde, ist es in der Regel erforderlich, eine ausgleichende Zwischenschicht oder Übergangselemente vorzusehen, damit sich die erste Schicht ideal auf der zweiten Schicht abstützen kann. In diesem Fall besteht eine verbesserte Ausführungsvariante darin, dass die Zwischenschicht oder Übergangssteine, die zum Ausgleich von unterschiedlichen Konturen der Schichten vorgesehen sind, aus Formsteinen besteht, welche mindestens eine Öffnung, einen Spalt, Lücke, Kanal oder dergleichen aufweisen.If the first layer has two plane-parallel sides and the second layer has been arcuately curved, it is usually necessary to provide a compensating interlayer or transition elements so that the first layer can be ideally supported on the second layer. In this case, an improved embodiment is that the intermediate layer or transition stones, which are provided to compensate for different contours of the layers, consists of molded blocks, which have at least one opening, a gap, gap, channel or the like.
Der aus sehr vielen Einzelsteinen gebildete Koksofenboden muss mit hohem Zeitaufwand gemauert werden. Dieser Zeitaufwand kann mittels einer weitergehenden Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Koksofens erheblich vermindert werden, wenn der Koksofenboden in vertikaler Richtung aus nur einem vollstückigen Bodensegment gebildet ist, das eine Deckschicht und eine Unterschicht umfasst, wobei die Deckschicht aus Vollmaterial gebildet ist und die Unterschicht eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen, Spalten, Lücken, Kanälen oder dergleichen aufweist.The Koksofenboden formed from many individual stones must be bricked with a lot of time. This expenditure of time can be considerably reduced by means of a further variant of the coke oven according to the invention are when the coke oven bottom is formed in the vertical direction of only a full ground segment comprising a cover layer and a lower layer, wherein the cover layer is formed of solid material and the lower layer having a plurality of openings, gaps, gaps, channels or the like.
Idealerweise sind diese Bodensegmente so geformt, dass diese auf der Unterseite eine konkave Wölbung aufweisen. Die Unterschicht dieser Bodensegmente kann in der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung des Verfahrens auch die Decke des Rauchgaskanals bilden. Beim bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb der Vorrichtung befinden sich der Kokskuchen oder die Koksschüttung auf der Deckschicht des Koksofenbodens. Die Deckschicht ist deswegen in der Regel nicht gewölbt geformt, sondern besitzt eine horizontal waagrechte Bauart.Ideally, these bottom segments are shaped so that they have a concave curvature on the underside. The underlayer of these floor segments can also form the ceiling of the flue gas duct in the embodiment of the method according to the invention. During normal operation of the device, the coke cake or the coke bed are on the top layer of Koksofenbodens. The cover layer is therefore usually not arched shaped, but has a horizontal horizontal design.
Zur Erleichterung der konstruktiven Herstellung des Koksofens besitzen die Bodenformsteine vorteilhafterweise in ihrer äußeren Form bereits die Kontur des fertigen Bodens. So können die für die zweite Schicht vorgesehenen Bodenformsteine bereits als Einzelbauteile eine gewölbeartig geschwungene Form besitzen. Die für die erste Schicht vorgesehenen Bodenformsteine besitzen hingegen als Einzelbausteine auf ihrer Oberseite vorteilhafterweise eine ebene Ausprägung.To facilitate the constructive production of the coke oven, the molded floor stones advantageously already have the contour of the finished floor in their outer shape. Thus, the provided for the second layer floor blocks may already have a vaulted like curved shape as individual components. The provided for the first layer floor blocks, however, have as individual blocks on its upper side advantageously a flat expression.
Zur besonderen konstruktiven Erleichterung der Bauweise können die Bodenformsteine auch so geformt und in ihrer Größe dimensioniert sein, dass sie in ihrer gesamten Ausdehnung an die Breite des jeweiligen Rauchgaskanals und an die Dicke der Rauchgaskanalwände angepasst sind. Jeder einzelne Bodenformstein überspannt dann den Rauchgaskanal in seiner gesamten Breite und liegt mit seinen Enden auf den Rauchgaskanalwänden auf. Eine Vielzahl von parallel auf dem Rauchgaskanal aufliegenden Bodenformsteinen überspannt dann den Rauchgaskanal.For particular constructive relief of the construction, the floor blocks can also be shaped and dimensioned in size so that they are adapted in their entire extent to the width of the respective flue gas duct and to the thickness of the flue gas duct walls. Each individual floor tile then spans the flue gas channel in its entire width and lies with its ends on the flue gas duct walls. A plurality of paralleled on the flue gas duct Bodenformsteinen then spans the flue gas duct.
Weiterhin ist von der Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Koks umfasst, bei welchem ein Koksofen in einer der vorgenannten Ausführungsformen eingesetzt wird.Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing coke, in which a coke oven is used in one of the aforementioned embodiments.
Nachstehend sollen anhand der
Die Schnittdarstellung
In
Bezugszeichenliste
- 1
- Koksofen
- 2
- Koksofenkammer
- 3
- Außenmauer
- 4
- Downcomer
- 5
- Rauchgaskanal
- 6
- Seitliche Trennwand des Rauchgaskanals
- 7
- Koksofenfundament
- 8
- Sekundärluftkanal
- 9
- Primärluftkanal
- 10
- Kokskuchen,-schüttung
- 11
- Koksofenboden
- 11 a
- erste Schicht, Deckschicht
- 11 b
- zweite Schicht, Unterschicht
- 12
- Decke des Rauchgaskanals
- 13
- Horizontaler Übergangsstein
- 14
- Vertikaler Übergangsstein
- 15
- Bodenplatte
- 16
- Deckenstein des Rauchgaskanals
- 17
- Stützstein
- 18
- Deckenkanal, Lücke, Öffnung
- 19
- Formstein, Bodensegment
- 20
- Formstein der Trennwand
- 1
- coke oven
- 2
- coke oven
- 3
- outside wall
- 4
- downcomer
- 5
- Flue
- 6
- Side partition wall of the flue gas duct
- 7
- Koksofenfundament
- 8th
- Secondary air duct
- 9
- Primary air duct
- 10
- Coke cake, -schüttung
- 11
- coke oven
- 11 a
- first layer, top layer
- 11 b
- second layer, lower layer
- 12
- Ceiling of the flue gas duct
- 13
- Horizontal transition stone
- 14
- Vertical transition stone
- 15
- baseplate
- 16
- Ceiling stone of the flue gas duct
- 17
- backup brick
- 18
- Ceiling channel, gap, opening
- 19
- Molded brick, ground segment
- 20
- Form stone of the partition wall
Claims (19)
- A horizontal coke oven comprising a coke oven chamber, a coke oven floor, and several horizontally extending flue gas channels arranged beneath the coke oven floor, with the coke oven floor situated between the coke oven chamber and the flue gas channel being built up of at least two layers in vertical direction and supported on the walls of the flue gas channel, and wherein each layer is formed of the same or different refractory materials, characterised in that, viewed from the oven space,- the first layer represents a covering layer formed of solid material, and- the second layer represents a sub-layer comprising a plurality of apertures, crevices, gaps or the like, with the gas spaces of these apertures, crevices, gaps or the like being connected with the gas space of the flue gas channel extending beneath.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in claim 1, characterised in that the second layer has an arch-like swung shape and that the first layer has at least one plane top side.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterised in that at least another layer or transitional elements are arranged between the first and second layer.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the second layer is formed of shaped bricks made of solid material and so arranged that apertures, crevices, gaps or the like are formed between adjacent shaped bricks.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the second layer is formed of shaped bricks, with each individual shaped brick having at least one aperture, crevice, gap, channel or the like, and with each individual shaped brick ideally having several apertures, crevices, gaps, channels or the like.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the second layer is formed of solid-material shaped bricks and shaped bricks according to claim 5.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the second layer is a combination of the layer setup according to the two claims 4 or 5.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterised in that at least another layer is arranged between the first and the second layer, with the shaped brick forming the first layer being itself comprised of a covering layer and a sub-layer, wherein the covering layer is formed of solid material and wherein the sub-layer is comprised of a plurality of apertures, crevices, gaps or the like and forms this intermediate layer.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the intermediate layer or transitional bricks intended to compensate for different contours of the layers are formed of shaped bricks which have at least one aperture, crevice, gap, channel or the like.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the coke oven floor in vertical direction is formed of one solid-piece segment only which has a covering layer and a sub-layer, with said covering layer being formed of solid material and said sub-layer being formed of a plurality of apertures, crevices, gaps, channels, or the like.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in claim 10, characterised in that the shaped bricks which form the coke oven floor are convexly arched on their bottom side.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the open cross-section of the apertures, crevices, gaps, channels or the like in the sub-layer is different per square meter.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the open cross-section of the apertures, crevices, gaps, channels or the like in the area of doors and/or oven walls without an adjacent oven is increased per square meter.
- A horizontal coke oven as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the apertures, crevices and gaps are provided with differently calibrated opening cross-sections to allow for a well-aimed heating of the oven sole ground area.
- A floor shaped brick for coke ovens of horizontal construction, characterised in that this shaped brick constitutes a solid-piece floor segment which has a covering layer and a sub-layer, with said covering layer being formed of solid material and said sub-layer being formed of a plurality of apertures, crevices, gaps, channels or the like and, if operated as intended,- the coke cake or coke batch is charged onto the covering layer, and- the sub-layer constitutes the top ceiling of the flue gas channel.
- A floor shaped brick as defined in claim 15, characterised in that the exterior contour of the second layer has an arch-like swung shape and that the first layer has at least one plane top side.
- A floor shaped brick as defined in any one of the preceding claims 15 or 16, characterised in that it is adapted to the width of the relevant flue gas channel and to the thickness of the flue gas channel walls, so that each floor shaped brick then spans over the relevant flue gas channel and can rest on the flue gas channel walls, wherein a plurality of parallel floor shaped bricks covers one flue gas channel at the intended place of installation.
- A shaped brick for coke ovens of horizontal construction as defined in any one of the preceding claims 15 to 17, characterised in that the sub-layer on the bottom side is concavely arched towards the covering layer.
- A method for the production of coke, characterised in that a coke oven of horizontal construction as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 11 is used.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL07725552T PL2032673T3 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2007-05-25 | Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202006009985U DE202006009985U1 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2006-06-06 | Horizontal coke oven has a flat firebrick upper layer aver a domed lower layer incorporating channels open to ambient air |
DE200610026521 DE102006026521A1 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2006-06-06 | Horizontal oven for the production of coke, comprises a coke oven chamber, and a coke oven base that is arranged in vertical direction between the oven chamber and horizontally running flue gas channels and that has cover- and lower layer |
PCT/EP2007/004656 WO2007140891A1 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2007-05-25 | Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2032673A1 EP2032673A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
EP2032673B1 true EP2032673B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
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EP07725552A Not-in-force EP2032673B1 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2007-05-25 | Floor construction for horizontal coke ovens |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9115313B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2032673B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5274452B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101476454B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE441697T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007256495B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0711959A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2653512C (en) |
DE (2) | DE202006009985U1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2330975T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2008015739A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20085125L (en) |
PL (1) | PL2032673T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2032673E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2441898C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200823283A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007140891A1 (en) |
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2006
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2007
- 2007-05-25 ES ES07725552T patent/ES2330975T3/en active Active
- 2007-05-25 AT AT07725552T patent/ATE441697T1/en active
- 2007-05-25 EP EP07725552A patent/EP2032673B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-05-25 PT PT07725552T patent/PT2032673E/en unknown
- 2007-05-25 JP JP2009513571A patent/JP5274452B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-25 CA CA 2653512 patent/CA2653512C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-25 RU RU2008152773A patent/RU2441898C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-05-25 MX MX2008015739A patent/MX2008015739A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-05-25 WO PCT/EP2007/004656 patent/WO2007140891A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2007-05-25 PL PL07725552T patent/PL2032673T3/en unknown
- 2007-05-25 AU AU2007256495A patent/AU2007256495B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 2007-05-29 TW TW96119060A patent/TW200823283A/en unknown
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2008
- 2008-12-01 KR KR1020087029393A patent/KR101476454B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-09 NO NO20085125A patent/NO20085125L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102786954A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-11-21 | 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 | Flame path arch for coal pyrolyzing furnace |
CN102786954B (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-04-30 | 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 | Flame path arch for coal pyrolyzing furnace |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE502007001456D1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
MX2008015739A (en) | 2008-12-19 |
DE202006009985U1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
EP2032673A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
AU2007256495B2 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
JP2009540024A (en) | 2009-11-19 |
KR101476454B1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
RU2441898C2 (en) | 2012-02-10 |
BRPI0711959A2 (en) | 2011-12-20 |
TW200823283A (en) | 2008-06-01 |
CA2653512A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
NO20085125L (en) | 2009-03-02 |
AU2007256495A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
JP5274452B2 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
ATE441697T1 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
PT2032673E (en) | 2009-11-13 |
US20090283395A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
ES2330975T3 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
PL2032673T3 (en) | 2010-02-26 |
KR20090015104A (en) | 2009-02-11 |
RU2008152773A (en) | 2010-07-20 |
CA2653512C (en) | 2014-04-29 |
WO2007140891A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
US9115313B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
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