EP2031785A1 - System zum Senden von Informationsdaten von einem Sender zu einem Empfänger über einen verschachtelten Blockkanal - Google Patents

System zum Senden von Informationsdaten von einem Sender zu einem Empfänger über einen verschachtelten Blockkanal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2031785A1
EP2031785A1 EP07017184A EP07017184A EP2031785A1 EP 2031785 A1 EP2031785 A1 EP 2031785A1 EP 07017184 A EP07017184 A EP 07017184A EP 07017184 A EP07017184 A EP 07017184A EP 2031785 A1 EP2031785 A1 EP 2031785A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
symbols
nested block
encoder
nbch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07017184A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas Gresset
Kraidy Ghassan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Corp
Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands
Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center Europe BV Nederlands
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Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Corp, Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands, Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center Europe BV Nederlands filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to EP07017184A priority Critical patent/EP2031785A1/de
Priority to US12/190,259 priority patent/US8054870B2/en
Priority to JP2008212677A priority patent/JP2009077390A/ja
Priority to JP2008212686A priority patent/JP2009081846A/ja
Priority to CNA2008102111728A priority patent/CN101378298A/zh
Publication of EP2031785A1 publication Critical patent/EP2031785A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/026—Co-operative diversity, e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15592—Adapting at the relay station communication parameters for supporting cooperative relaying, i.e. transmission of the same data via direct - and relayed path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/22—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/38—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0097—Relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for transmitting information data from a transmitter to a receiver over a nested block channel.
  • the present invention concerns also a transmitter of such a system.
  • a channel resource means a frequency bandwith, a time interval and possibly several spatial dimensions brought by transmit and receive antennas placed in different spatial positions.
  • Signals transmitted over wireless channels undergo severe degradations due to channel variations such as fading, shadowing, and interference from other transmitters, which allows considering the channel as a random variable.
  • channel variations such as fading, shadowing, and interference from other transmitters, which allows considering the channel as a random variable.
  • One major way to combat the so-called quasi-static fading is to provide diversity in either time, frequency, or space.
  • the channel diversity order is defined as the number of independent fading random variables observed in the channel resource.
  • the transmission/reception scheme is able to collect a given amount of diversity, called diversity order of the system, upper bounded by the channel diversity order, also called full diversity order.
  • the main parameter allowing to compute the probability of error associated to a given error event is the Euclidean distance between the noiseless received signal associated to the transmitted information word and the reconstructed noiseless received signal associated to the decoded information word.
  • the diversity order of the error event is defined as the number of independent random variables involved in the Euclidean distance associated to the error event.
  • the system diversity order is equal to the minimal diversity order of all possible error events or equivalently all possible pairs of information words.
  • wireless ad-hoc networks such as mesh networks for instance, which does not depend on a central control unit and does not have a fixed infrastructure.
  • the nodes communicate by forming a network based on channel conditions and mobile locations.
  • AF Amplify-and-Forward
  • DF decode-and-forward
  • a relay which is for example an user mobile radio equipment or an equipment used for extending the range of a cell, only amplifies the signal received from a source (a base station or another relay) before forwarding it to a destination (a base station or another relay).
  • a source a base station or another relay
  • a destination a base station or another relay
  • AF protocols have been designed for the single-relay case such as, for example, the non-orthogonal amplify-and-forward (NAF) protocol, also known as the TDMA-based Protocol I, in which the source broadcasts a signal to both the relay and the destination in the first phase.
  • NAF non-orthogonal amplify-and-forward
  • the relay scales the signal and forwards it to the destination, while the source transmits another message to the destination
  • Nabar et al. "Fading relay channel: performance limits and space-time signal design', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 22, n°. 6, pp. 1099-1109, August 2004 ).
  • the selected transmission protocol transmits a signal over each time slot of a set of predetermined set of M time slots.
  • the well-known Slotted Amplify-and-Forward (SAF) protocol may be used.
  • SAF Slotted Amplify-and-Forward
  • the invention is not limited to the transmission over a half-duplex non-orthogonal Amplify-and-Forward cooperative channel.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram depicting a transmission system according to the present invention.
  • the system SYST comprises a transmitter TRD, a receiver RCV, and a nested block channel NBCH.
  • the transmitter TRD is for example a mobile user equipment
  • the receiver RCV is for example a base station.
  • the transmitter TRD comprises an encoder ENC following an error correcting code structure.
  • the encoder ENC may follow any type of error correcting code structure such as, for example, the LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes, turbo-codes, block-codes (Reed-Solomon for example), binary convolutional codes, etc.
  • the coded bits are then transmitted over the nested block channel NBCH which comprises a binary modulator BM and a block channel BCH.
  • the binary modulator BM applies a scaled BPSK modulation, i.e, the '0' bit value and '1' bits value are respectively associated to two opposite values (e.g, A and -A). Moreover, the corresponding Euclidean distance 2A can change from the transmission of one bit to the other.
  • the block channel BCH is defined as follows in relation with Fig 2 . Let us consider ⁇ independent fading distributions ⁇ 1 ,..., ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . Let M(D,L) be the mathematical model of the nested block channel NBCH built from the concatenation of
  • blocks, where D ⁇ D (1), ⁇ ,D ( k ) , ⁇ ,D (
  • ) ⁇ and L ⁇ L (1), ⁇ ,L ( k ), ⁇ ,L (
  • the receiver RCV comprises the decoder DEC, converting received versions ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of coded bits ⁇ c ⁇ into estimates ⁇ b ⁇ ⁇ of information data bits ⁇ b ⁇ .
  • a variant of the transmission system is to interleave the coded bits using a bit interleaver INT and to apply at the receiver side the associated bit de-interleaving using a bit de-interleaver DINT, as illustrated in Fig 1 .
  • the first criterion to be optimised is the system diversity order.
  • the coding gain is the second criterion to be optimised, it depends on the error correcting code structure and on the scaled BPSK binary modulation Euclidean distances.
  • the problem solved by the invention is to optimise the transmission system SYST in order to simultaneously reach a target diversity order of such a system and maximize the coding gain.
  • a system for transmitting information data from a transmitter to a receiver over nested block channel comprising an encoder following an error correcting code structure, the receiver comprising a decoder defined according to the error correcting code structure, the nested block channel comprising a scaled BPSK binary modulator, the amplitude of which may vary from one bit transmission to the other, is characterized in that the coding rate of the encoder or the parameters of the nested block channel are selected dependently one from each other to achieve a target diversity order of the system and to maximize the coding gain.
  • a mathematical model of the nested block channel consisting in a concatenation of blocks, said nested block channel having two parameters which are a set of diversity orders D ⁇ D ( 1 ), ⁇ ,D ( k ) , ⁇ ,D (
  • ) ⁇ and a set of lengths of blocks L ⁇ L (1) , ⁇ , L ( k ) , ⁇ ,L (
  • , the fading random variable associated to the i-th block being defined by a combination of a subset S ( i ) of D ( i ) random variables with the integer value D ( i ) ⁇ where ⁇ is an integer number of independent fading distributions, such that S ( i +1) ⁇ S ( i ), which means ⁇ i ⁇ j,D ( i ) ⁇ D ( j ) and assuming that D (1) ⁇ has the highest
  • the nested block channel comprising a binary modulator the output of which are vectors of modulation symbols, a linear combiner, a Sliding Triangular channel, described hereafter, and a detector, is characterised in that the modulation symbols of a same vector of modulation symbols are combined together thanks to the linear combiner which provides an output vector of M combined symbols.
  • a full linear combiner is defined as follows: Each output symbol is a linear combination of all the input symbols.
  • Identity linear combiner is defined as follows: the output vector of symbols is equal to the input vector of symbols.
  • a partial linear combiner is a linear combiner which is neither a full linear combiner nor identity linear combiner.
  • the system is characterised in that the first combined symbols and last s-1 combined symbols of said vector of M combined symbols are linear combinations of the first s modulation symbols and each of the other combined symbols is equal to one of the last M-s modulation symbols.
  • the parameter s of the linear combiner is called the partial combining size of the linear combiner.
  • the number of time slots of the transmission over the Sliding Triangular channel is a multiple of the parameter the partial linear combining size s of the linear combiner
  • the linear combiner is characterised in that the first combined symbols and last s-1 symbols are linear combinations of the first s modulation symbols, the second combined symbol and last s-1 non-already considered combined symbols are linear combinations of the s following and non already considered modulation symbols, and so on.
  • the parameter s of the linear combiner is called the partial combining size of the linear combiner.
  • the detector performs an exhaustive marginalization in order to get estimates of the coded data bits, or an interleaved version of such coded bits according to the variant of the system, under the form of Log Likelihood Ratio.
  • the Sliding Triangular channel is defined by a Slotted Amplify-and-Forward protocol using ⁇ relays, one use of said Sliding Triangular channel including ( ⁇ +1) time slots of the Slotted Amplify-and-Forward protocol and the size of the linear combining matrix M equals ⁇ +1.
  • the transmitter comprises a bit interleaver and the receiver comprises a de-interleaver
  • the bit interleaver is designed according to the error correcting code structure in order to ensure that the performance at the output of the associated decoder exhibits the achievable target diversity order.
  • the error correcting code is systematic and the bit interleaver places the systematic bits on the blocks of highest diversity order of the equivalent nested block channel.
  • Fig 3 illustrates an embodiment of the nested block channel NBCH according to the invention.
  • the nested block channel NBCH comprises a binary modulator MOD, a linear combiner LC, a Sliding Triangular channel ST and a detector DET.
  • the binary modulator MOD is a BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) or QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation for example and preferably a M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM).
  • the inputs of the binary modulator MOD are coded bits ⁇ c ⁇ or an interleaved version ⁇ c ⁇ of such coded bits according to the variant of the system, and the outputs are a vector of modulation symbols zi.
  • the vector of symbols zi is split in at least one vector Z of M-length symbols zi.
  • the symbols zi of a same vector Z are then combined together thanks to the linear combiner LC which provides an output vector X of M combined symbols xi.
  • the vector X is obtained by the multiplication of the vector Z and a MxM complex matrix S.
  • modulation symbols zi may be perturbed by other channel imperfections than the ones associated to the ai random variables, for example, additive noise, other multiplicative random variables.
  • set of random variables producing the diversity order associated to zi is the same set of random variables than the one associated to the transmission of z(i-1) plus one random variable bringing an additional order of diversity.
  • optimal detection of the signal Y d is reached by performing an exhaustive marginalization at the detector DET which produces estimates on the coded bits under the form of Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR).
  • LLR Log Likelihood Ratio
  • the coded bits then appears to have been modulated by a scaled BPSK modulation and transmitted over a block channel as described in the nested block channel NBCH.
  • the four steps modulation, linear combining, transmission though the Sliding triangular channel and detection are then equivalent to a nested block channel NBCH.
  • the parameters L and D of the equivalent nested block channel NBCH are deduced from the number M of time slots, the number s of modulation symbols zi combined together by the linear combiner LC and the number N of coded bits to be transmitted.
  • the parameter s of the linear combiner is called the partial combining size of the linear combiner. If 1 ⁇ s ⁇ M , the linear combiner is a partial linear combiner.
  • the parameter s divides the parameter M, and the linear combination is defined as follows: the first symbols x1 and last (s-1) symbols x(M+2-s),..,x(M) are linear combinations of the first symbols z1,...,zs. The second symbol x2 and last (s-1) non-already selected symbols x(M+3-2s),..,x(M+1-s) are linear combinations of the symbols z(s+1),...,z(2s), and so on... If 1 ⁇ s ⁇ M, the linear combiner LC is a partial linear combiner.
  • the ST channel is defined by a SAF protocol for cooperative transmissions with several relays.
  • Fig. 4 represents the inter-relay communications protocol of the SAF channel model. Note that in practice, noisy and attenuated versions of combined symbols xi are received at the relays and receiver.
  • the transmitter TRD transmits the first symbol x1, which is received by a first relay R1 and by the receiver RCV.
  • the transmitter TRD transmits the second symbol x2 and the relay R1 transmits the previously received version of the symbol x1, which are received by the receiver RCV and a second relay R2.
  • the transmitter TRD transmits the third symbol x3 and the relay R2 transmits the previously received and combined versions of the symbols x1 and x2, which are received by the receiver RCV and a third relay R3.
  • the transmitter TRD transmits the last symbol x( ⁇ +1) and the last relay R ⁇ transmits the previously received and combined versions of the symbols x1,...,x ⁇ , which are received by the receiver.
  • a version of the first symbol x1 is transmitted during each of the ( ⁇ +1) time slots of one channel use.
  • a version of the i -th symbol xi is transmitted during the last ( ⁇ +1)- i +1 time slots and versions of the last symbol x( ⁇ + 1 ) is received by the received RCV only during the last time slot of the SAF protocol.
  • the relay R1 receives a version of the first symbol x1 during the first time slot TS1 and re-transmits it during the second time slot TS2.
  • the i -th relay Ri receives a combination of the versions of the first i symbols xi during the i -th time slot, and re-transmits it during the i + 1 -th time slot (the i -th relay receives the signal transmitted by the transmitter and the i - 1 -th relay).
  • the first symbol x1 carries coded data bits, estimation of which have a diversity order D( ⁇ +1) as perceived by the decoder DEC
  • the i -th symbol xi carries coded data bits, estimation of which have a diversity order D( ⁇ +2- i ) as perceived by the decoder DEC
  • the last symbol x( ⁇ +1) carries coded data bits, estimation of which have a diversity order D(1) as perceived by the decoder DEC.
  • the receiver RCV receives a version of the first symbol x1 during the first time slot TS1, a combination of versions of the first i symbols xi during the time slot Tsi and a combination of versions of all the ( ⁇ +1) symbols xi during the last time slot.
  • Subscripts sr (stands for source), d (stands for destination) and r ⁇ (stands for relay) correspond respectively to the transmitter TRD, the receiver RCV and the i -th relay.
  • the unit variance complex symbol xi is transmitted in the i-th time slot, the received signal at the receiver in the i-th time slot is y dl ' , while y r i is the signal received by the i-th relay Ri.
  • the coefficient ⁇ i represents the energy transmitted by the transmitter TRD in the i-th time slot.
  • the h k,l are the fading coefficients and w d i and w r i are AWGN noise components.
  • the ⁇ l are the energy normalization coefficients at the i-th relay Ri, subject to E
  • 2 ⁇ 1, and ⁇ 0 0.
  • the SAF channel has the same block diversity properties as the ST channels. Moreover, as for the ST channels, the coding gain is maximized if the parameter s of the linear combining LC is minimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP07017184A 2007-09-02 2007-09-02 System zum Senden von Informationsdaten von einem Sender zu einem Empfänger über einen verschachtelten Blockkanal Withdrawn EP2031785A1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07017184A EP2031785A1 (de) 2007-09-02 2007-09-02 System zum Senden von Informationsdaten von einem Sender zu einem Empfänger über einen verschachtelten Blockkanal
US12/190,259 US8054870B2 (en) 2007-09-02 2008-08-12 System for transmitting information data from a transmitter to a receiver over a nested block channel
JP2008212677A JP2009077390A (ja) 2007-09-02 2008-08-21 ネスト化ブロックチャネルを介して情報データを伝送するシステム及び送信機
JP2008212686A JP2009081846A (ja) 2007-09-02 2008-08-21 ネスト化チャネルを介して受信信号のｐ長ベクトルを受信するシステム及び受信機
CNA2008102111728A CN101378298A (zh) 2007-09-02 2008-09-01 用于通过嵌套块信道从发射机向接收机传输信息的***

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07017184A EP2031785A1 (de) 2007-09-02 2007-09-02 System zum Senden von Informationsdaten von einem Sender zu einem Empfänger über einen verschachtelten Blockkanal

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EP2031785A1 true EP2031785A1 (de) 2009-03-04

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