EP2024324A1 - Procede de preparation de la gabapentine - Google Patents

Procede de preparation de la gabapentine

Info

Publication number
EP2024324A1
EP2024324A1 EP06728155A EP06728155A EP2024324A1 EP 2024324 A1 EP2024324 A1 EP 2024324A1 EP 06728155 A EP06728155 A EP 06728155A EP 06728155 A EP06728155 A EP 06728155A EP 2024324 A1 EP2024324 A1 EP 2024324A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
aminomethyl
cyclohexaneacetic
cyclohexaneacetic acid
catalyst
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06728155A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Simon Davies
Patrick Kelleher
William Eugene Tully
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pfizer Science and Technology Ireland Ltd
Original Assignee
Pfizer Science and Technology Ireland Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pfizer Science and Technology Ireland Ltd filed Critical Pfizer Science and Technology Ireland Ltd
Publication of EP2024324A1 publication Critical patent/EP2024324A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/04—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/28—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and containing rings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improved process for preparing gabapentin.
  • Rj is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical, and n is 4, 5 or 6 and the pharmacologically compatible salts thereof.
  • the compounds disclosed in the above United States patents are useful for the therapy of certain cerebral diseases, for example, they can be used for the treatment of certain forms of epilepsy, faintness attacks, hypokinesia, and cranial traumas. Additionally, they bring about an improvement of cerebral functions, and thus are useful in treating geriatric patients. Particularly valuable is 1- (aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid (gabapentin).
  • GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid
  • CNS central nervous system
  • Gabapentin was designed as a GABA analog that would cross the blood-brain barrier. Gabapentin was found to have anticonvulsant and antispastic activity with extremely low toxicity in man.
  • United States Patent Numbers 5,132,451, 5,319,135, 5,362,833, 5,091,567, 5,068,413, 4,956,473, 4,958,044, 5,130,455, 5,095,148, 5,136,091, 5,149,870 and 5,693,845 disclose additional processes and intermediates for preparing gabapentin. These processes require a number of steps and in some cases utilise large uneconomic quantities of reagents and hazardous solvents.
  • the process is carried out in an aqueous environment.
  • the solution is washed with a water immiscible solvent.
  • a water immiscible solvent is toluene or MTBE.
  • hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of about 80 0 C for approximately 3 hours. Hydrolysis may be carried out at room temperature.
  • hydrogenation is carried out at approximately 30 0 C for up to 20 hours. Preferably hydrogenation is carried out for approximately 14 hours.
  • the catalyst is Raney nickel.
  • the solution is filtered to remove the catalyst.
  • the filtered catalyst is re-used.
  • the product is isolated by:-
  • the weak acid is acetic acid.
  • the solution is seeded with gabapentin.
  • the process includes the step of stirring the product at 0 at 10 ° C for approximately 4 hours.
  • the isolated l-(aminomethyl)- cyclohexaneacetic acid is washed with an alcohol.
  • the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol (IPA).
  • the l-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid is recrystallised. In one embodiment of the invention the l-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid is dissolved in methanol and water.
  • the l-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid is dissolved in methanol and water, isopropyl alcohol is added and the solution distilled under vacuum.
  • the product is washed with isopropyl alcohol and dried under vacuum.
  • the invention also provides the compound l-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid potassium salt.
  • the invention further provides l-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid containing less than 0.01% by weight of potassium acetate.
  • the isolation of the intermediate cyano acid (1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid) is not required. This offers major advantages over existing routes as this material is labile and requires refrigerated storage.
  • the hydrogenation step is conducted in a purely aqueous medium with concomitant reduction in costs of solvents and environmental burden.
  • the Raney Nickel catalyst may be removed at the end of the process and directly reused in a subsequent process.
  • the process doubles the throughput in comparison to current known processes for preparing gabapentin.
  • the 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid ethyl ester is heated to high temperatures (about 80°C) with potassium hydroxide during the hydrolysis step (approximately 3 hours). This has been found to result in very reproducible hydrogenations and provides a very efficient process overall. Reproducibility is a very important factor when preparing gabapentin on a large plant scale. The process may however also be carried out at room temperature.
  • the cyano acid potassium salt is hydrogenated (in comparison to the free cyano acid as used in other processes)
  • at least 50% less Raney Nickel is used in comparison to other processes for preparing gabapentin.
  • approximately 60% less Raney Nickel may be used in comparison to other processes. This results in a safer process which is more environmentally friendly.
  • a major problem encountered in current processes for preparing gabapentin is the generation of impurities in the form of secondary amines.
  • ammonia is added to suppress these impurities.
  • the use of the potassium salt as in the process of the invention appears to inhibit the formation of secondary amine impurities and therefore no ammonia is required to be added to suppress such impurities; a significant environmental advantage.
  • the absence of ammonia also appears to prevent the leaching of nickel by complexation with ammonia. As a result there is no longer a requirement for ion exchange resins post hydrogenation to remove solubilised nickel resulting in a significantly streamlined batch process.
  • the process of the invention provides an improved process for the production of Gabapentin which is substantially free of chloride ions.
  • Chloride ions affect the stability of gabapentin drug substance, increasing the propensity towards lactam formation.
  • a 1-L pressure flask is charged with 148 g (1 mol) of 1- cyanocyclohexaneacetonitrile, 206 mL of ethanol, and 100 mL of toluene.
  • the mixture is cooled to 5 0 C and evacuated.
  • Anhydrous hydrogen chloride (148 g, 4.05 mol) is added to the evacuated flask, causing the pressure to rise to 10 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) while allowing the temperature to rise to 35 0 C. This temperature is maintained for 7 hours, during which time additional hydrogen chloride (25 g. 0.68 mol) is added to maintain a pressure of 5 pounds per square inch gauge (psig.).
  • the mixture is filtered, the filtrate layers separated, the aqueous layer washed with 100 mL of toluene, and then the combined toluene layers washed with 100 Ml of IN aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, followed by two water washes of 50 mL each.
  • the toluene solution is then dried by azeotropic distillation, which is followed by vacuum distillation to remove the toluene.
  • the residual yellow oil (166 g) is 91% ethyl 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetate. Further purification can be effected by vacuum distillation, collecting distillate with by 85 0 C to 95 0 C at 0.2 to 0.3 mm of Hg.
  • 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid ethyl ester (1) is mixed with 34% w/w KOH (1.05 kg/kg 1) over Ih. On complete addition the batch is heated to about 8O 0 C and stirred for 3h. The solution is cooled to 20-25 0 C then washed with toluene (0.70 kg/kg 1). After separating the layers, the product rich aqueous stream comprising 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid potassium salt (2) is forward processed to the hydrogenation reaction.
  • 1-Cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid potassium salt (2) is hydrogenated over sponge Nickel catalyst (12% active Nickel loading vs. 1) at 3.5 barg and 30°C for 14-16 hrs.
  • the batch is cooled to ambient temperature and filtered to remove catalyst.
  • the catalyst bed is washed with water (0.4kg/kg. 1) and the solution stored at 0- 5 0 C.
  • the catalyst bed is then washed with potassium hydroxide solution in preparation for re-use. This wash is disposed and the Raney Nickel stored under caustic solution.
  • the solution of l-(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid potassium salt (3) (pH 13-14) is heated to about 40 0 C before pH adjustment to 7.1 (isoelectric point) by addition of 80% acetic acid - (ca. 0.53kg/kg vs. 1).
  • the 80% acetic acid is added at such a rate to maintain the temperature ⁇ 55°C.
  • the batch is cooled to 4O 0 C and seeded by addition of gabapentin to the batch.
  • the batch is then cooled to O 0 C and stirred for a minimum of 4h.
  • the batch is isolated, and washed with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (1.56kg/kg 1).
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • Example 2 Recrystallisation HaminomethylVcyclohexaneacetic acid (4) l-(Aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid (4) as prepared in Example 1 is dissolved (ca. 65-67 0 C) in methanol (2.5 vol) and water (ca. 0.6 vol). Water is added in small portions until solution is achieved. Preheated IPA (5.0 vol) is added to the solution and the batch cooled to O 0 C for isolation. The batch is washed with IPA (1.0 vol) and dried under vacuo at 5O 0 C. Recovery: 88 to 92%.
  • Example 3 Recrystallisation of l-(aminomethyl)-cvclohexaneacetic acid (4) l-(Aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid (4) as prepared in Example 1 is dissolved (ca. 65-67°C) in methanol (2.5 vol) and water (ca. 0.6 vol). The solution is added to preheated IPA (5.0 vol). The solution is then distilled to remove up to 70% of the batch volume. The batch is cooled to O 0 C for isolation. The batch is washed with IPA (l.Ovol) and dried under vacuo at 5O 0 C. Recovery: 88 to 95%.
  • 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid ethyl ester (1) is mixed with 34% w/w KOH (1.05 kg/kg 1) over Ih. On complete addition the batch is heated to about 8O 0 C and stirred for 3h. The solution is cooled to 20-25 0 C then washed with toluene (0.70 kg/kg 1). After separating the layers the product rich aqueous stream comprising 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid potassium salt (2) is forward processed to the hydrogenation reaction.
  • 1-Cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid potassium salt (2) is hydrogenated over the recovered sponge Nickel catalyst from Example 1 (12% active Nickel loading vs. 1) at 3.5 barg and 3O 0 C for 14-16 hrs.
  • the batch is cooled to ambient temperature and filtered to remove catalyst.
  • the catalyst bed is washed with water (0.4kg/kg. 1) and the solution stored at 0-5 0 C.
  • the solution of l-(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid potassium salt (3) (pH 13-14) is heated to about 40 0 C before pH adjustment to 7.1 (isoelectric point) by addition of 80% acetic acid — (ca. 0.53kg/kg vs. 1).
  • the 80% acetic acid is added at such a rate to maintain the temperature ⁇ 55°C.
  • the batch is cooled to 4O 0 C and seeded by addition of gabapentin to the batch.
  • the batch is then cooled to 0°C and stirred for a minimum of 4h.
  • the batch is isolated, and washed with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (1.56kg/kg 1).
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé en récipient unique pour la préparation de l'acide l-(aminométhyl)-cyclohexane acétique ou de ses sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables. Ledit procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: hydrolyse de l'ester éthylique de l'acide 1-cyanocyclohexane acétique à l'aide d'un hydroxyde de potassium, de sodium ou de lithium pour former un sel de l'acide 1-cyanocyclohexane acétique; hydrogénation in situ du sel de l'acide 1-cyanocyclohexane acétique en présence d'un catalyseur pour former le sel de l'acide l-(aminométhyl)-cyclohexane acétique; et isolement de l'acide l-(aminométhyl)-cyclohexane acétique.
EP06728155A 2006-05-05 2006-05-05 Procede de preparation de la gabapentine Withdrawn EP2024324A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IE2006/000049 WO2007129286A1 (fr) 2006-05-05 2006-05-05 Procede de preparation de la gabapentine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2024324A1 true EP2024324A1 (fr) 2009-02-18

Family

ID=37684970

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06728155A Withdrawn EP2024324A1 (fr) 2006-05-05 2006-05-05 Procede de preparation de la gabapentine

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2024324A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101437787A (fr)
AU (1) AU2006343156A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0621665A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2650978A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL194977A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007129286A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115847629B (zh) * 2022-11-30 2023-09-29 江苏富乐徳石英科技有限公司 一种高效节能环保的石英环制备工艺

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5319135A (en) * 1989-08-25 1994-06-07 Warner-Lambert Company Process for cyclic amino acid anticonvulsant compounds
US5132451A (en) * 1989-08-25 1992-07-21 Warner-Lambert Company Process for cyclic amino acid anticonvulsant compounds

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007129286A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101437787A (zh) 2009-05-20
AU2006343156A1 (en) 2007-11-15
CA2650978A1 (fr) 2007-11-15
IL194977A0 (en) 2009-09-22
BRPI0621665A2 (pt) 2011-12-20
WO2007129286A1 (fr) 2007-11-15

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