EP2023055A1 - Radiator for home heating with a two-phase heat transfer fluid - Google Patents

Radiator for home heating with a two-phase heat transfer fluid Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2023055A1
EP2023055A1 EP08300223A EP08300223A EP2023055A1 EP 2023055 A1 EP2023055 A1 EP 2023055A1 EP 08300223 A EP08300223 A EP 08300223A EP 08300223 A EP08300223 A EP 08300223A EP 2023055 A1 EP2023055 A1 EP 2023055A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
radiator
heating
fluid
transfer fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08300223A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2023055B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Marechal
Stéphane Colasson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP2023055A1 publication Critical patent/EP2023055A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2023055B1 publication Critical patent/EP2023055B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • F24H3/004—Air heaters using electric energy supply with a closed circuit for a heat transfer liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiator more particularly for home heating, and operating with a heat transfer fluid. More specifically, the heat transfer fluid used in the radiator of the invention operates in two-phase form, in particular liquid vapor.
  • Heat-transfer-medium radiators are also known in which said fluid, generally oil, is heated by means of an electric heating element and passes through a heating body, at which heat transfer is effected to the heating element.
  • said fluid generally oil
  • said heating body is heated by means of an electric heating element and passes through a heating body, at which heat transfer is effected to the heating element.
  • ambient air by natural convection. Due to the presence of a heating body whose exchange surface is relatively large, the temperature gradient is reduced with the ambient air so that the convective air movements in the room in question are limited.
  • radiators in which the fluid operates in monophasic regime.
  • said fluid remains in the liquid state.
  • the heat transfer fluid heats up in contact with an electric heating element, lightening and rising inside the heating body.
  • the coolant gives up to the ambient air part of the heat through the wall of the heating body, and corollary cools.
  • the fluid thus cooled becomes denser, and therefore heavier, down by gravity in the lower part of the radiator.
  • it is therefore necessary to have a minimum temperature difference between the rising fluid (hot) and the descending fluid (cold), directly dependent on the pressure losses of the fluid generated by its circulation.
  • a heat transfer fluid radiator operating in two-phase regime, in particular liquid / vapor.
  • the operation of such a radiator is as follows: The heat transfer fluid in the liquid state rests by gravity in the lower part of the radiator traversed by a heating element, constituted by a fluid mounted in temperature, and sealingly passing through the base of said radiator.
  • the coolant Under the effect of heat, the coolant is vaporized, said vapor then rising in the internal structure of the radiator, in particular at a heating body, at which a heat transfer occurs.
  • the latter condenses.
  • the condensate thus formed is in liquid form, and returns by simple gravity in the lower part of the radiator.
  • the hot source ensuring the thermal rise of the coolant is relatively difficult to regulate, both in time and in space.
  • the vaporization velocity of coolant is too high, the vapor thus generated causes drops of heat transfer fluid, disrupting the proper operation of the radiator.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages, and in particular to provide a two-phase radiator, both energy efficient, and little or no noise during its startup phase.
  • It relates to a radiator for home heating with heat transfer fluid operating in two-phase form in which first of all the heating source of the coolant is constituted by an electrical resistance. This is advantageously sealed and hermetic with respect to the heat transfer fluid of the radiator.
  • connection zones with a passage between the reservoir and the channels constituting the heating body respecting the aforesaid relationship, eliminates or decreases at least drastically the number of drops of heat transfer fluid in liquid form driven by the steam generated at the hot source, and therefore optimizes the operation of the radiator.
  • the zones for connecting the channels of the heating body at the level of the tank have their lower part at a minimum distance ⁇ above the line of greater tangency of the electric heating resistance passing through. the reservoir, said distance respecting the relationship ⁇ ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ D , wherein D is the diameter of said heating resistor.
  • the filling coefficient ⁇ must be greater than the value of 0.0142, said coefficient ⁇ being defined by the ratio of the mass of vapor produced at 20 ° C to the total mass of fluid introduced into the radiator body.
  • a heat transfer fluid radiator known per se.
  • This radiator is in this case constituted by a plurality of unit elements 1, constituting the heating body, all the elements being connected to a lower tank 2.
  • These different elements 1 may, for example, be made of cast aluminum and, in order to optimize the transfer with the ambient air, may have fins 2 thus promoting the diffusion of heat within the room in which such a radiator is implanted.
  • each of these elements 1 circulates a heat transfer fluid, the nature of which is adapted to the thermal function envisaged.
  • This fluid may be water, ethanol, or a polymeric synthetic material, such as for example R113 (chlorofluorocarbon, or HFR 7100 ® , sold by 3M, and consisting of hydrogenofluoroether.
  • the assembly of the various elements 1 between them constitutes the heating body itself, and are each provided with a vertical channel 4, opening in the lower zone at the level of the tank 3 by a connection zone 5.
  • a heating electric resistor 6 is inserted in the lower tank 3 and passes through it over substantially its entire length.
  • a resistor may for example consist of a double insulated heating cartridge.
  • connection zone 5 between the channel (s) 4 of the heating body and the tank 3 located in the lower part of said radiator has a section S corresponding to the following formula: S ⁇ AT ⁇ P / 5 4 not ,
  • the coolant is water, developing 1,000 watts electric, and having ten elements 1, so ten channels 4 in parallel, the connection section 5 between each of the channels and the reservoir 3 must be greater than 0.27 cm 2 .
  • the section of the connection zone 5 must then be greater than or equal to 0.383 cm 2 .
  • the electrical resistance 6 is further dimensioned such that the thermal flux density at the surface of the latter does not exceed 3 watts per cm 2 , in order to vaporize the heat transfer liquid in the form of small bubbles and consequently in order to reduce the phenomenon of noise generated conventionally in heat transfer radiators.
  • the surface of the heating rod or electrical resistance 6 in contact with the coolant must be greater than 330 cm 2 , regardless of the number of channels and whatever the heat transfer fluid.
  • connection zone 5 of the channels 4 at the level of the tank 3 opens above the upper maximum tangency line 7 of said heating rod 6 by a distance ⁇ greater than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ D , D being the diameter of the heating rod or electrical resistance 6.
  • connection area must not be flooded.
  • This criterion is respected if a maximum of 400 ml of HFE 7100 ® , 5 ml of water or 39 ml of ethanol is introduced into a radiator with an internal volume of 4 liters.
  • the radiator of the invention thus makes it possible to overcome the various disadvantages mentioned in relation with the radiators of the prior art in a simple and effective manner and also makes it possible to regulate the operation of such a radiator in a facilitated manner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The radiator has a container (3) for storing a heat transfer fluid, and an electric heating resistor (6) destined to raise the temperature of the fluid to a given temperature, in order to change the phase of the fluid. A section of connecting zones (5) separating the container and channels (4) is higher than or equal to an expression i.e. (Ax P (>4>>5>))/ n., where A is constant that depends on nature of the fluid and temperature of the fluid, n is number of channels, and P is power of the electric heating resistor. The heat transfer fluid is water, ethanol, synthetic polymer material such as chloroflurocarbon, and a HFR 7100(RTM: hydrofluoroether).

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention concerne un radiateur plus particulièrement destiné au chauffage domestique, et fonctionnant à l'aide d'un fluide caloporteur. Plus spécifiquement, le fluide caloporteur mis en oeuvre dans le radiateur de l'invention fonctionne sous forme diphasique notamment liquide vapeur.The invention relates to a radiator more particularly for home heating, and operating with a heat transfer fluid. More specifically, the heat transfer fluid used in the radiator of the invention operates in two-phase form, in particular liquid vapor.

ETAT ANTERIEUR DE LA TECHNIQUEPRIOR STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

On connaît fondamentalement deux types différents de radiateurs domestiques électriques. Tout d'abord, les convecteurs électriques, pour lesquels l'air ambiant à réchauffer est directement en contact avec une résistance électrique chauffante. D'un usage largement répandu, ces convecteurs électriques présentent l'inconvénient de générer un mouvement important de l'air ambiant en raison du gradient thermique créé, entraînant une sensation d'inconfort pour les occupants de la pièce considérée. Ce problème est partiellement résolu par un autre type de radiateurs, appelés radiants, fonctionnant par rayonnement.There are basically two different types of electric home radiators. Firstly, electric convectors, for which the ambient air to be heated is directly in contact with a heating electric resistance. Of widespread use, these electric convectors have the disadvantage of generating a significant movement of the ambient air due to the thermal gradient created, causing a feeling of discomfort for the occupants of the room in question. This problem is partially solved by another type of radiators, called radiants, operating by radiation.

On connaît également les radiateurs à fluide caloporteur, dans lesquels ledit fluide, généralement de l'huile, est chauffé au moyen d'un élément chauffant électrique et transite dans un corps de chauffe, au niveau duquel est réalisé le transfert de chaleur à l'air ambiant par convection naturelle. De par la présence d'un corps de chauffe dont la surface d'échange est relativement importante, on réduit le gradient de température avec l'air ambiant de sorte que les déplacements d'air par convection naturelle dans la pièce concernée sont limités.Heat-transfer-medium radiators are also known in which said fluid, generally oil, is heated by means of an electric heating element and passes through a heating body, at which heat transfer is effected to the heating element. ambient air by natural convection. Due to the presence of a heating body whose exchange surface is relatively large, the temperature gradient is reduced with the ambient air so that the convective air movements in the room in question are limited.

Parmi ces radiateurs à fluide caloporteur, on distingue tout d'abord les radiateurs dans lesquels le fluide fonctionne en régime monophasique. En l'espèce, ledit fluide demeure à l'état liquide. Dans ce cas, le fluide caloporteur s'échauffe au contact d'un élément chauffant électrique, s'allège et monte à l'intérieur du corps de chauffe. Lors de sa progression ascensionnelle, le fluide caloporteur cède à l'air ambiant une partie de la chaleur à travers la paroi du corps de chauffe, et corollairement se refroidit. Le fluide ainsi refroidi devenant plus dense, et donc plus lourd, redescend par gravité en partie basse du radiateur. Afin d'assurer un fonctionnement correct de ce type de radiateur, il s'avère donc nécessaire d'avoir une différence de température minimale entre le fluide montant (chaud) et le fluide descendant (froid), directement dépendante des pertes de pression du fluide engendrées par sa circulation. Ce faisant, on observe avec ce type de radiateur, une distribution non homogène de la température de la paroi du corps de chauffe, affectant l'efficacité du radiateur. Au surplus, ce type de fonctionnement peut induire des points plus chauds sur la surface de l'appareil, dangereux et en outre incompatibles avec les normes de sécurité édictées.Among these radiators heat transfer fluid, we first distinguish the radiators in which the fluid operates in monophasic regime. In this case, said fluid remains in the liquid state. In this case, the heat transfer fluid heats up in contact with an electric heating element, lightening and rising inside the heating body. During its upward progression, the coolant gives up to the ambient air part of the heat through the wall of the heating body, and corollary cools. The fluid thus cooled becomes denser, and therefore heavier, down by gravity in the lower part of the radiator. In order to ensure correct operation of this type of radiator, it is therefore necessary to have a minimum temperature difference between the rising fluid (hot) and the descending fluid (cold), directly dependent on the pressure losses of the fluid generated by its circulation. In doing so, one observes with this type of radiator, a nonhomogeneous distribution of the temperature of the wall of the heating body, affecting the efficiency of the radiator. In addition, this type of operation can induce hot spots on the surface of the device, dangerous and also incompatible with the safety standards enacted.

Afin de surmonter ces inconvénients, il a été proposé, par exemple dans le document GB-A-2 099 980 , un radiateur à fluide caloporteur fonctionnant en régime diphasique, notamment liquide/vapeur. Le fonctionnement d'un tel radiateur est le suivant : Le fluide caloporteur à l'état liquide repose par gravité dans la partie inférieure du radiateur traversé par un élément chauffant, constitué par un fluide monté en température, et traversant de manière étanche la base dudit radiateur.In order to overcome these disadvantages, it has been proposed, for example in the document GB-A-2,099,980 , a heat transfer fluid radiator operating in two-phase regime, in particular liquid / vapor. The operation of such a radiator is as follows: The heat transfer fluid in the liquid state rests by gravity in the lower part of the radiator traversed by a heating element, constituted by a fluid mounted in temperature, and sealingly passing through the base of said radiator.

Sous l'effet de la chaleur, le fluide caloporteur est vaporisé, ladite vapeur montant alors dans la structure interne du radiateur, notamment au niveau d'un corps de chauffe, au niveau duquel intervient un transfert de chaleur. Corollairement, en raison de la température des parois dudit corps de chauffe, plus faible que celle de la vapeur, cette dernière se condense. Le condensat ainsi formé se présente sous forme liquide, et retourne par simple gravité en partie basse du radiateur.Under the effect of heat, the coolant is vaporized, said vapor then rising in the internal structure of the radiator, in particular at a heating body, at which a heat transfer occurs. As a corollary, because of the temperature of the walls of said heater, lower than that of the steam, the latter condenses. The condensate thus formed is in liquid form, and returns by simple gravity in the lower part of the radiator.

En raison du mode de transfert de chaleur, en l'espèce par changement de phase, mettant directement en jeu la chaleur latente de condensation, on assure ainsi une température de la paroi du corps de chauffe quasi homogène, constituant dès lors en cela une amélioration très nette par rapport aux radiateurs à fluide caloporteur fonctionnant en régime monophasique. En effet, cette température de transfert est très proche de la température de vapeur saturante du fluide caloporteur en raison d'un coefficient d'échange thermique nettement plus élevé en condensation que par convection naturelle coté extérieur, c'est-à-dire coté air ambiant. Ce faisant, on aboutit à un gain substantiel pour la variation de la température de l'air.Due to the heat transfer mode, in this case by phase change, directly bringing into play the latent heat of condensation, thus ensuring a substantially homogeneous heating body wall temperature, thereby constituting an improvement in this respect. very clear compared to radiators with heat transfer fluid operating in monophasic regime. Indeed, this transfer temperature is very close to the saturating vapor temperature of the heat transfer fluid due to a significantly higher heat exchange coefficient in condensation than by natural convection on the outside side, that is to say on the air side ambient. In doing so, it leads to a substantial gain for the variation of the air temperature.

Cependant, la source chaude assurant l'élévation thermique du fluide caloporteur s'avère relativement délicate à réguler, et ce, tant dans le temps que dans l'espace. Au surplus, on observe que si la vitesse de vaporisation de fluide caloporteur est trop élevée, la vapeur ainsi générée entraîne des gouttes du fluide caloporteur, perturbant le bon fonctionnement du radiateur.However, the hot source ensuring the thermal rise of the coolant is relatively difficult to regulate, both in time and in space. In addition, it is observed that if the vaporization velocity of coolant is too high, the vapor thus generated causes drops of heat transfer fluid, disrupting the proper operation of the radiator.

Au surplus, avec de tels radiateurs diphasiques, on se heurte également au problème du bruit lors de leur démarrage. Ce bruit provient des ondes de pression lors du collapse des bulles de vapeur dans le liquide sous-refroidi. Selon le fluide mis en oeuvre et la quantité de fluide liquide introduit dans le corps du radiateur, ce phénomène de bruit est plus ou moins important. Or, cette nuisance sonore peut s'avérer gênante, voire rédhibitoire pour un certain nombre d'applications, telles que notamment les chambres d'hôpitaux, de maisons de repos, de maisons de retraite, voire simplement des chambres à coucher.In addition, with such two-phase radiators, one also comes up against the problem of noise when they start. This noise comes from the pressure waves during the collapse of the vapor bubbles in the subcooled liquid. Depending on the fluid used and the amount of liquid fluid introduced into the body of the radiator, this noise phenomenon is more or less important. However, this noise can be annoying or even crippling for a number of applications, such as including rooms for hospitals, nursing homes, retirement homes, or even just bedrooms.

La présente invention vise justement à pallier ces différents inconvénients, et notamment à proposer un radiateur diphasique, à la fois efficace sur le plan énergétique, et peu ou pas bruyant lors de sa phase de démarrage.The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages, and in particular to provide a two-phase radiator, both energy efficient, and little or no noise during its startup phase.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Elle concerne un radiateur pour chauffage domestique à fluide caloporteur fonctionnant sous forme diphasique dans lequel tout d'abord la source de chauffe du fluide caloporteur est constituée par une résistance électrique. Celle-ci est avantageusement scellée et hermétique en regard du fluide caloporteur du radiateur.It relates to a radiator for home heating with heat transfer fluid operating in two-phase form in which first of all the heating source of the coolant is constituted by an electrical resistance. This is advantageously sealed and hermetic with respect to the heat transfer fluid of the radiator.

En second lieu, la section S du raccordement entre le réservoir du fluide caloporteur, situé en partie inférieure dudit radiateur et le corps de chauffe, susceptible de présenter une pluralité n de canaux, n pouvant être égale à 1, est supérieur ou égale à l'expression : A × P / 5 4 n ,

Figure imgb0001
expression dans laquelle :

  • P désigne la puissance de la résistance électrique ;
  • n est comme déjà dit, le nombre de canaux constitutifs du corps de chauffe ;
  • et A est une constante qui dépend de la nature du fluide et de la température de celui-ci (A est exprimée en m2.W-4/5).
In the second place, the section S of the connection between the heat transfer fluid reservoir situated in the lower part of said radiator and the heating body, capable of having a plurality n of channels, n being equal to 1, is greater than or equal to 1 expression: AT × P / 5 4 not ,
Figure imgb0001
 expression in which:
  • P denotes the power of the electrical resistance;
  • n is as already said, the number of channels constituting the heating body;
  • and A is a constant which depends on the nature of the fluid and the temperature thereof (A is expressed in m 2 .W -4/5 ).

On observe ainsi que, tout d'abord, la mise en oeuvre d'une telle résistance électrique comme source chaude du fluide caloporteur permet de réguler beaucoup plus facilement, et dans le temps et dans l'espace le fonctionnement général du radiateur.It is thus observed that, first of all, the implementation of such an electrical resistance as a hot source of the heat transfer fluid makes it possible to regulate the general operation of the radiator much more easily, in time and in space.

De plus, la réalisation de zones de raccordement avec un passage entre le réservoir et les canaux constitutifs du corps de chauffe respectant la relation précitée, élimine ou diminue à tout le moins drastiquement le nombre de gouttes du fluide caloporteur se présentant sous forme liquide entraînées par la vapeur générée au niveau de la source chaude, et dès lors optimise le fonctionnement du radiateur.In addition, the creation of connection zones with a passage between the reservoir and the channels constituting the heating body respecting the aforesaid relationship, eliminates or decreases at least drastically the number of drops of heat transfer fluid in liquid form driven by the steam generated at the hot source, and therefore optimizes the operation of the radiator.

En raison de la limitation de la surchauffe du fluide caloporteur sous forme liquide au niveau du réservoir, on diminue le bruit susceptible d'être généré par le collapse des bulles de vapeur.Due to the limitation of the overheating of the heat transfer fluid in liquid form at the reservoir, the noise that can be generated by the collapse of the vapor bubbles is reduced.

Afin d'optimiser le fonctionnement du radiateur de l'invention, les zones de raccordement des canaux du corps de chauffe au niveau du réservoir ont leur partie inférieure à une distance minimum δ au dessus de la ligne de tangence supérieure de la résistance électrique chauffante traversant le réservoir, ladite distance respectant la relation δ ≥ 0,5 × D , dans laquelle D est le diamètre de ladite résistance chauffante.In order to optimize the operation of the radiator of the invention, the zones for connecting the channels of the heating body at the level of the tank have their lower part at a minimum distance δ above the line of greater tangency of the electric heating resistance passing through. the reservoir, said distance respecting the relationship δ ≥ 0.5 × D , wherein D is the diameter of said heating resistor.

Afin d'optimiser le fonctionnement du radiateur de l'invention, notamment dans le sens d'une réduction du bruit lors du démarrage, le coefficient de remplissage α doit être supérieur à la valeur de 0,0142, ledit coefficient α étant défini par le rapport de la masse de vapeur produite à 20 °C sur la masse totale de fluide introduit dans le corps du radiateur.In order to optimize the operation of the radiator of the invention, in particular in the direction of a noise reduction during start-up, the filling coefficient α must be greater than the value of 0.0142, said coefficient α being defined by the ratio of the mass of vapor produced at 20 ° C to the total mass of fluid introduced into the radiator body.

DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

La manière dont l'invention peut être réalisée et les avantages qui en découlent, ressortiront mieux de l'exemple de réalisation qui suit, donné à titre indicatif et non limitatif, à l'appui des figures annexées.

  • La figure 1 est une représentation schématique partiellement éclatée d'un radiateur à fluide caloporteur connu.
  • La figure 2 illustre une vue en section transversale d'un tel radiateur, mais conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 3 est une représentation schématique détaillée de la section transversale de la zone inférieure dudit radiateur.
  • La figure 4 est une illustration d'une variante de l'invention.
  • Les figures 5 et 6 sont des vues schématiques en section illustrant l'une des caractéristiques de l'invention.
The way in which the invention can be realized and the advantages which result therefrom will emerge more clearly from the following exemplary embodiment, given by way of non-limiting indication, in support of the appended figures.
  • The figure 1 is a partially exploded schematic representation of a known heat transfer fluid radiator.
  • The figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of such a radiator, but according to the invention.
  • The figure 3 is a detailed schematic representation of the cross-section of the lower zone of said radiator.
  • The figure 4 is an illustration of a variant of the invention.
  • The Figures 5 and 6 are diagrammatic sectional views illustrating one of the features of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DES MODES DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

On a représenté en relation avec la figure 1, un radiateur à fluide caloporteur en soi connu. Ce radiateur est en l'espèce constitué d'une pluralité d'éléments unitaires 1, constituant le corps de chauffe, tous les éléments étant reliés à un réservoir inférieur 2. We have shown in relation to the figure 1 , a heat transfer fluid radiator known per se. This radiator is in this case constituted by a plurality of unit elements 1, constituting the heating body, all the elements being connected to a lower tank 2.

Ces différents éléments 1 peuvent, par exemple, être réalisés en fonte d'aluminium et, afin d'optimiser le transfert avec l'air ambiant sont susceptibles de présenter des ailettes 2 favorisant ainsi la diffusion de la chaleur au sein de la pièce dans laquelle un tel radiateur est implanté.These different elements 1 may, for example, be made of cast aluminum and, in order to optimize the transfer with the ambient air, may have fins 2 thus promoting the diffusion of heat within the room in which such a radiator is implanted.

Au sein de chacun de ces éléments 1 circule un fluide caloporteur, dont la nature est adaptée à la fonction thermique envisagée. Ce fluide peut être de l'eau, de l'éthanol, ou un matériau synthétique polymère, telle que par exemple le R113 (chlorofluorocarbone, ou le HFR 7100®, commercialisé par 3M, et constitué de hydrogenofluoroether.Within each of these elements 1 circulates a heat transfer fluid, the nature of which is adapted to the thermal function envisaged. This fluid may be water, ethanol, or a polymeric synthetic material, such as for example R113 (chlorofluorocarbon, or HFR 7100 ® , sold by 3M, and consisting of hydrogenofluoroether.

L'assemblage des différents éléments 1 entre eux constitue le corps de chauffe proprement dit, et sont chacun munis d'un canal vertical 4, débouchant en zone inférieure au niveau du réservoir 3 par une zone de raccordement 5. The assembly of the various elements 1 between them constitutes the heating body itself, and are each provided with a vertical channel 4, opening in the lower zone at the level of the tank 3 by a connection zone 5.

Ainsi qu'on peut bien l'observer sur la figure 2, une résistance électrique chauffante 6 est insérée dans le réservoir inférieur 3 et le traverse sur sensiblement toute sa longueur. Une telle résistance peut par exemple être constituée d'une cartouche chauffante à double isolement.As one can well observe on the figure 2 a heating electric resistor 6 is inserted in the lower tank 3 and passes through it over substantially its entire length. Such a resistor may for example consist of a double insulated heating cartridge.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la zone de raccordement 5 entre le ou les canaux 4 du corps de chauffe et le réservoir 3 situé en partie inférieure dudit radiateur présente une section S répondant à la formule suivante : S ≥ A ⁢ P / 5 4 n ,

Figure imgb0002
According to one characteristic of the invention, the connection zone 5 between the channel (s) 4 of the heating body and the tank 3 located in the lower part of said radiator has a section S corresponding to the following formula: S ≥ AT ⁢ P / 5 4 not ,
Figure imgb0002

Ainsi que déjà dit précédemment :

  • ■ P représente la puissance de la résistance électrique 6 ;
  • ■ n est le nombre de canaux 4 et donc le nombre d'éléments 1 constitutifs du corps de chauffe débouchant au sein du même réservoir 3 ;
  • ■ A est une constante, qui dépend de la nature du fluide mesurée à une température donnée.
As already said before:
  • ■ P represents the power of the electrical resistance 6;
  • ■ n is the number of channels 4 and therefore the number of elements 1 constituting the heating body opening into the same tank 3;
  • ■ A is a constant, which depends on the nature of the fluid measured at a given temperature.

L'expérience démontre que les conditions les plus contraignantes en relation avec le fluide caloporteur apparaissent quand ce dernier est à une température voisine de 20°C, c'est-à-dire lors du démarrage du radiateur supposé initialement à la température de la pièce.Experience shows that the most stringent conditions in relation to the coolant appear when the latter is at a temperature of 20 ° C, that is to say when starting the radiator assumed initially at room temperature .

Dans ces conditions de fonctionnement, la constante A vaut :

  • pour l'eau A = 0,0106 ;
  • pour l'éthanol A = 0,0125 ;
  • pour le HFE 7100® A = 0,0153 ;
  • pour le R113 A = 0,0117.
Under these operating conditions, the constant A is:
  • for water A = 0.0106;
  • for ethanol A = 0.0125;
  • for HFE 7100 ® A = 0.0153;
  • for the R113 A = 0.0117.

A titre d'application numérique, pour un radiateur, dont le fluide caloporteur est l'eau, développant 1.000 watts électrique, et comportant dix éléments 1, donc dix canaux 4 en parallèle, la section du raccordement 5 entre chacun des canaux et le réservoir 3 doit être supérieure à 0,27 cm2.As a numerical application, for a radiator, the coolant is water, developing 1,000 watts electric, and having ten elements 1, so ten channels 4 in parallel, the connection section 5 between each of the channels and the reservoir 3 must be greater than 0.27 cm 2 .

En revanche, pour un fluide organique du type HFE 7100® et dans la même configuration, la section de la zone de raccordement 5 doit être alors supérieure ou égale à 0,383 cm2.On the other hand, for an organic fluid of the HFE 7100 ® type and in the same configuration, the section of the connection zone 5 must then be greater than or equal to 0.383 cm 2 .

On a illustré au sein de la figure 3 le mode de fonctionnement d'un tel radiateur. Les flèches ascendantes illustrent la vaporisation puis l'ascension du fluide caloporteur en phase vapeur au niveau du corps de chauffe, et les flèches descendantes illustrent ledit fluide alors condensé au contact des parois latérales du canal 4 considéré, redescendant sous forme liquide et par simple gravité dans le réservoir 3 par l'intermédiaire de la zone de raccordement 5. We illustrated in the figure 3 the mode of operation of such a radiator. The upward arrows illustrate the vaporization and then the ascent of the coolant in the vapor phase at the level of the heating body, and the downward arrows illustrate said fluid then condensed in contact with the side walls of the channel 4 considered, falling down in liquid form and by simple gravity in the tank 3 via the connection zone 5.

On conçoit qu'en raison de la mise en oeuvre d'une résistance électrique 6, on peut réguler de manière beaucoup plus efficace et plus instantanée le fonctionnement d'un tel radiateur contrairement aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur décrits précédemment.It is conceivable that because of the implementation of an electrical resistance 6, it is possible to regulate the operation of such a radiator much more efficiently and more instantaneously, unlike the devices of the prior art described previously.

On dimensionne en outre la résistance électrique 6 de telle sorte que la densité de flux thermique à la surface de celle-ci n'excède pas 3 watts par cm2 et ce, afin de vaporiser le liquide caloporteur sous forme de petites bulles et par conséquent en vue de réduire le phénomène de bruit engendré classiquement dans les radiateurs à fluide caloporteur. Typiquement, pour un radiateur de 1.000 watts électrique, la surface de la canne chauffante ou résistance électrique 6 au contact du fluide caloporteur doit être supérieure à 330 cm2, quel que soit le nombre de canaux et quel que soit le fluide caloporteur.The electrical resistance 6 is further dimensioned such that the thermal flux density at the surface of the latter does not exceed 3 watts per cm 2 , in order to vaporize the heat transfer liquid in the form of small bubbles and consequently in order to reduce the phenomenon of noise generated conventionally in heat transfer radiators. Typically, for a radiator of 1,000 electric watts, the surface of the heating rod or electrical resistance 6 in contact with the coolant must be greater than 330 cm 2 , regardless of the number of channels and whatever the heat transfer fluid.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la zone de raccordement 5 des canaux 4 au niveau du réservoir 3 débouche au dessus de la ligne de tangence maximum supérieure 7 de ladite canne chauffante 6 d'une distance δ supérieure ou égale à 0.5 × D , D étant le diamètre de la canne chauffante ou résistance électrique 6. According to one characteristic of the invention, the connection zone 5 of the channels 4 at the level of the tank 3 opens above the upper maximum tangency line 7 of said heating rod 6 by a distance δ greater than or equal to 0.5 × D , D being the diameter of the heating rod or electrical resistance 6.

En effet, il faut que la vapeur puisse circuler en direction du corps de chauffe, la zone de raccordement ne doit donc pas être noyée.Indeed, it is necessary that the steam can flow towards the heating body, the connection area must not be flooded.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le coefficient α de remplissage du radiateur est supérieur à 0,0142, le coefficient a étant défini par la relation suivante : α = masse vapeur à 20 ⁢ ° ⁢ C masse totale de fluide

Figure imgb0003
According to another characteristic of the invention, the coefficient α of filling of the radiator is greater than 0.0142, the coefficient a being defined by the following relation: α = steam mass at 20 ⁢ ° ⁢ VS total mass of fluid
Figure imgb0003

La masse de vapeur à 20 °C se détermine par l'expression suivante : masse vapeur à 20 ⁢ ° ⁢ C = V R - υ l ⁢ M υ v - υ l

Figure imgb0004
où :

  • ■ VR est le volume interne du radiateur (en m3) ;
  • ■ M désigne la masse totale de fluide introduite dans le radiateur (en kg) ;
  • ■ υv désigne le volume spécifique massique de la vapeur à saturation à 20 °C (en m3/kg) ;
  • ■ et υ1 désigne le volume spécifique massique du liquide à saturation à 20 °C (en m3/kg).
The mass of vapor at 20 ° C is determined by the following expression: steam mass at 20 ⁢ ° ⁢ VS = V R - υ l ⁢ M υ v - υ l
Figure imgb0004
 or :
  • ■ V R is the internal volume of the radiator (in m 3 );
  • M denotes the total mass of fluid introduced into the radiator (in kg);
  • ■ υ v denotes the specific mass volume of the saturation vapor at 20 ° C (in m 3 / kg);
  • And υ 1 denotes the specific mass volume of the saturation liquid at 20 ° C. (in m 3 / kg).

Ainsi, pour un radiateur présentant un volume interne de 4 litres (0,004 m3), et pour 200 ml de fluide introduit, on a les valeurs suivantes :

  • pour le HFE 7100® :
    • ■ M = 0,299 kg
    • ■ υ1 = 0,00067 m3/kg
    • ■ υv = 0,428 m3/kg
    • ■ masse vapeur : 0,0089 kg
    • ■ α = 0,0299
  • pour l'eau :
    • ■ M = 0,199 kg
    • ■ υ1 = 0,001 m3/kg
    • ■ υv = 57,8 m3/kg
    • ■ masse vapeur : 0,000065 kg
    • ■ α = 0,0003
  • pour l'éthanol
    • ■ M = 0,158 kg
    • ■ υ1 = 0,00126 m3/kg
    • ■ υv = 9,07 m3/kg
    • ■ masse vapeur : 0,0004 kg
    • ■ α = 0,0026
Thus, for a radiator having an internal volume of 4 liters (0.004 m 3 ), and for 200 ml of introduced fluid, there are the following values:
  • for the HFE 7100 ® :
    • ■ M = 0.299 kg
    • ■ υ 1 = 0.00067 m 3 / kg
    • ■ υ v = 0.428 m 3 / kg
    • ■ vapor mass: 0.0089 kg
    • ■ α = 0.0299
  • for water :
    • ■ M = 0.199 kg
    • ■ υ 1 = 0.001 m 3 / kg
    • ■ υ v = 57.8 m 3 / kg
    • ■ vapor mass: 0.000065 kg
    • ■ α = 0.0003
  • for ethanol
    • ■ M = 0.158 kg
    • ■ υ 1 = 0.00126 m 3 / kg
    • ■ υ v = 9.07 m 3 / kg
    • ■ vapor mass: 0.0004 kg
    • ■ α = 0.0026

On observe un bon fonctionnement du radiateur vis à vis du problème du bruit si le coefficient de remplissage α est supérieur à 0,0142.A good operation of the radiator with respect to the noise problem is observed if the filling coefficient α is greater than 0.0142.

Ce critère est respecté si l'on introduit au maximum 400 ml de HFE 7100®, 5 ml d'eau ou 39 ml d'éthanol dans un radiateur de volume interne de 4 litres.This criterion is respected if a maximum of 400 ml of HFE 7100 ® , 5 ml of water or 39 ml of ethanol is introduced into a radiator with an internal volume of 4 liters.

Cependant, dans de telles conditions, seul le HFE 7100® répond à la fois aux objectifs d'efficacité thermique et de niveau sonore.However, under such conditions, only the HFE 7100 ® meets both thermal efficiency and sound level objectives.

Le radiateur de l'invention permet donc de surmonter les différents inconvénients mentionnés en relation avec les radiateurs de l'art antérieur de manière simple, efficace et permet en outre de réguler le fonctionnement d'un tel radiateur de manière facilitée.The radiator of the invention thus makes it possible to overcome the various disadvantages mentioned in relation with the radiators of the prior art in a simple and effective manner and also makes it possible to regulate the operation of such a radiator in a facilitated manner.

Claims (5)

Radiateur pour chauffage domestique à fluide caloporteur fonctionnant sous forme diphasique, comprenant : ■ un réservoir (3) dudit fluide caloporteur ; ■ une source chaude (6), constituée par une résistance électrique, destinée à élever la température dudit fluide caloporteur à une température telle qu'elle engendre un changement de phase dudit fluide ; ■ un corps de chauffe au niveau duquel s'effectue le transfert de chaleur avec l'air ambiant, comportant un nombre n de canaux (4), en communication en zone inférieure avec le réservoir (3), n pouvant être égal à 1, caractérisé en ce que la section S des zones de raccordement (5) séparant le réservoir (3) du fluide caloporteur et les canaux (4) constitutifs du corps de chauffe, est supérieure ou égale à l'expression : A × P / 5 4 n
Figure imgb0005
 expression dans laquelle : - P désigne la puissance de la résistance électrique (6) ; - et A est une constante qui dépend de la nature du fluide et de la température de celui-ci. Radiator for home heating with heat transfer fluid operating in diphasic form, comprising: A reservoir (3) of said heat transfer fluid; A hot source (6) constituted by an electrical resistance, intended to raise the temperature of said heat transfer fluid to a temperature such that it causes a phase change of said fluid; A heating body at which the heat transfer with the ambient air is carried out, comprising a number n of channels (4), in communication in the lower zone with the tank (3), n possibly being equal to 1, characterized in that the section S of the connection zones (5) separating the reservoir (3) from the coolant and the channels (4) constituting the heating body is greater than or equal to the expression: AT × P / 5 4 not
Figure imgb0005
 expression in which: - P denotes the power of the electrical resistance (6); and A is a constant which depends on the nature of the fluid and the temperature thereof. Radiateur pour chauffage domestique à fluide caloporteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la zone de raccordement (5) des canaux (4) constitutifs du corps de chauffe au niveau du réservoir (3) débouche au dessus de la résistance électrique (6).Heat exchanger for home heating with heat transfer fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting zone (5) of the channels (4) constituting the heating element at the level of the tank (3) opens above the electrical resistance (6). . Radiateur pour chauffage domestique à fluide caloporteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la distance δ séparant la limite inférieure de la zone de raccordement (5) et la ligne de tangence supérieure de la résistance électrique (6) répond à l'expression : δ ≥ 0 , 5 × D
Figure imgb0006
 expression dans laquelle D désigne le diamètre de ladite résistance chauffante.Heating radiator for heat transfer fluid heating according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance δ separating the lower limit of the connection zone (5) from the upper tangential line of the electrical resistance (6) corresponds to the expression: δ ≥ 0 , 5 × D
Figure imgb0006
 wherein D denotes the diameter of said heating resistor. Radiateur pour chauffage domestique à fluide caloporteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de remplissage α, défini comme étant le rapport de la masse de vapeur du fluide caloporteur produite à 20 °C sur la masse totale dudit fluide introduit dans le corps du radiateur satisfait à la relation suivante : α > 0,0142Heating radiator for heat transfer heating according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filling coefficient α, defined as the ratio of the vapor mass of the coolant produced at 20 ° C to the total mass of said fluid introduced into the body of the radiator satisfies the following relation: α> 0.0142 Radiateur pour chauffage domestique à fluide caloporteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le fluide caloporteur est choisi dans le groupe comprenant l'eau, l'éthanol ou un hydrogenofluoroether tel que celui commercialisé par la société 3M sous la référence HFR 7100®.Radiator for home heating with heat transfer fluid according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coolant is selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol or a hydrogenofluoroether such as that sold by the company 3M under the reference HFR 7100 ® .
EP08300223.8A 2007-08-07 2008-06-17 Radiator for home heating with a two-phase heat transfer fluid Active EP2023055B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0756987A FR2919919B1 (en) 2007-08-07 2007-08-07 RADIATOR FOR DOMESTIC HEATING WITH DIPHASIC HEAT PUMP FLUID

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2023055A1 true EP2023055A1 (en) 2009-02-11
EP2023055B1 EP2023055B1 (en) 2015-10-07

Family

ID=39185846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08300223.8A Active EP2023055B1 (en) 2007-08-07 2008-06-17 Radiator for home heating with a two-phase heat transfer fluid

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7949236B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2023055B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009041899A (en)
FR (1) FR2919919B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107449018A (en) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-08 贵州大学 A kind of electric heating installation

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWM323037U (en) * 2007-06-29 2007-12-01 Jetpo Technology Inc Electric heater
ITRM20110447A1 (en) * 2011-08-25 2013-02-26 I R C A S P A Ind Resistenz E Corazzate E BIPHASIC HEAT EXCHANGER RADIATOR WITH OPTIMIZATION OF THE BOILING TRANSITORY
CN103776080B (en) * 2012-10-22 2016-04-13 江苏德威木业有限公司 phase change heat storage type electric heating floor
US20150131976A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2015-05-14 Ningbo SMAL Electrics Co., Ltd. Oil-free radiator and method for manufacturing the same
US9821630B2 (en) * 2014-09-15 2017-11-21 Hanon Systems Modular air conditioning system
RU187772U1 (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-19 Антон Антонович Альхименок Steam drip radiator
CN111578355A (en) * 2019-02-15 2020-08-25 天津市豪升新能源技术研究所 Electric activation phase change latent heat energy-saving radiator

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508736A (en) * 1948-04-08 1950-05-23 Sr Samuel B Warden Electrically heated steam heating exchange
GB2099980A (en) 1981-05-06 1982-12-15 Scurrah Norman Hugh Heat transfer panels
WO2002050479A1 (en) * 2000-12-19 2002-06-27 Lambco Holdings Limited An improved heater

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1556491A (en) * 1924-06-02 1925-10-06 Clark Allan Electric steam radiator
US1852252A (en) * 1930-05-03 1932-04-05 George C Mcintosh Steam radiator
US2266016A (en) * 1939-06-19 1941-12-16 Electric Steam Radiator Corp Steam radiator
US2455688A (en) * 1947-02-11 1948-12-07 Sentry Safety Control Corp Portable electric steam radiator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508736A (en) * 1948-04-08 1950-05-23 Sr Samuel B Warden Electrically heated steam heating exchange
GB2099980A (en) 1981-05-06 1982-12-15 Scurrah Norman Hugh Heat transfer panels
WO2002050479A1 (en) * 2000-12-19 2002-06-27 Lambco Holdings Limited An improved heater

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107449018A (en) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-08 贵州大学 A kind of electric heating installation
CN107449018B (en) * 2017-09-15 2023-03-14 贵州大学 Electric heating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2023055B1 (en) 2015-10-07
FR2919919A1 (en) 2009-02-13
US20090041441A1 (en) 2009-02-12
FR2919919B1 (en) 2012-05-18
US7949236B2 (en) 2011-05-24
JP2009041899A (en) 2009-02-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2023055B1 (en) Radiator for home heating with a two-phase heat transfer fluid
FR2699365A1 (en) System for dissipating the heat energy released by an electronic component.
EP2795226B1 (en) Cooling device
EP0772757B1 (en) Energy transfer system between a hot source and a cold source
EP2379951B1 (en) Radiator for domestic heating with a two-phase heat-transfer fluid
FR2903222A1 (en) PASSIVE THERMAL CONTROL ARRANGEMENT BASED ON DIPHASIC FLUID LOOP WITH CAPILLARY PUMPING WITH THERMAL CAPACITY.
EP3900484B1 (en) Heating body for a device for electrically heating and circulating a liquid
CH660072A5 (en) LIQUID HEATING SYSTEM.
EP0166661A2 (en) Device for capturing and transferring radiant energy such as solar radiation
EP2770269B1 (en) Apparatus for heating and hot-water production
CA1227978A (en) Phase change solar heating system
EP2981781B1 (en) Heat pipe comprising a cut-off gas plug
FR3067446B1 (en) HEAT PUMP RADIATOR ELEMENT AND RADIATOR FORMED BY ASSEMBLY OF SUCH ELEMENTS
FR2637678A1 (en) THERMAL DISTRIBUTOR WITH CALODUCOS
EP2770270B1 (en) Apparatus for heating and hot-water production
FR3002619B1 (en) HEAT PUMP HEAT PUMP APPARATUS
CH705870B1 (en) Heating appliance.
FR2682747A1 (en) Heat exchanger promoting thermal transfer by convection
EP3566014A1 (en) Heat diffusion device
FR3081214A1 (en) EVAPORATOR OF A FLUID LOOP AND FLUID LOOP COMPRISING SUCH EVAPORATOR
BE415987A (en)
FR3051548A1 (en) COOLING DEVICE WITH PULSE CALODUC
JPH07218162A (en) Heat transfer device
FR2540613A1 (en) Heat-transmitting device
BE448680A (en)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA MK RS

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20090119

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20120127

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20150518

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 753989

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20151015

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602008040504

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20151007

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 753989

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20151007

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160107

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160207

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160108

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160208

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602008040504

Country of ref document: DE

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20160708

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160630

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160617

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20080617

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160617

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151007

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20190621

Year of fee payment: 12

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20190611

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20190620

Year of fee payment: 12

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602008040504

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20200617

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200617

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200617

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230623

Year of fee payment: 16