EP2019901B1 - Auf einem casing oder einem liner geeignetes räumwerkzeug und räumverfahren - Google Patents

Auf einem casing oder einem liner geeignetes räumwerkzeug und räumverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2019901B1
EP2019901B1 EP07756257A EP07756257A EP2019901B1 EP 2019901 B1 EP2019901 B1 EP 2019901B1 EP 07756257 A EP07756257 A EP 07756257A EP 07756257 A EP07756257 A EP 07756257A EP 2019901 B1 EP2019901 B1 EP 2019901B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaming tool
cutting elements
blade
blades
nose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07756257A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2019901A2 (de
Inventor
Laster I. Clark
John C. Thomas
Jeffrey B. Lund
Eric E. Mcclain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Priority to EP10191648.4A priority Critical patent/EP2284354A3/de
Publication of EP2019901A2 publication Critical patent/EP2019901A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2019901B1 publication Critical patent/EP2019901B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/14—Casing shoes for the protection of the bottom of the casing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate to a reaming tool suitable for running on casing or liner.
  • US 2005/183892 A1 discloses a casing bit comprising a substantially tubular body having a concave nose portion extending to a side wall through a substantially arcuate shoulder transition region.
  • a plurality of circumferentially spaced, spirally configured blades are arranged on the exterior of the body, the blades defining junk slots therebetween and having a radially inwardly extending, beveled, axially trailing end.
  • a cutting structure is configured and positioned on the side wall of the body for contact with a bore hole side wall, the cutting structure comprising a plurality of cutting elements disposed along a rotationally leading edge of each blade. The blades extend with the cutting elements from the center line of the nose portion to the radial outer extent of the casing bit. If a drill bit is used to drill out the casing bit, the drill bit must drill through the blades including pockets in which the cutting elements are mounted. Therefore at least some of the cutting elements will contact the cutting elements of the casing bit during drilling.
  • US 2002/096368 A 1 describes a reaming shoe having a tubular body that is coupled to a nose cone having a frusto-conical form with the leading end being offset from the longitudinal axis of the shoe. Blades extend from the trailing end of the cone. The leading end of each blade comprises a pilot reaming member having a constant thickness and a following larger diameter reaming portion. The trailing edge of the blade defines a back reaming portion. The reaming portions are provided with an aggressive surface formed of blocks of tungsten carbide welded to the body of the shoe.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a reaming tool allowing an uninterrupted cut of material of the body shell in the nose, making the reaming tool PDC bit-drillable.
  • the reaming tool of the invention comprises a substantially tubular body having a concave nose portion extending to a side wall through a substantially arcuate shoulder transition region.
  • the reaming tool further comprises cutting structure for enlarging, also termed "reaming," of a bore hole through contact with the side wall thereof.
  • tool is used herein in a non-limiting sense, and the apparatus of embodiments of the present invention may also be characterized as a reaming bit or reaming shoe.
  • the concave nose portion of the reaming tool may have at least one port therethrough extending to an inferior of the body.
  • An embodiment of the present invention comprises a reaming tool, configured as a reaming bit or shoe, suitable for running on a casing or liner string (hereinafter referred to for the sake of convenience as a "casing string” to encompass such general type of tubular string).
  • the reaming tool includes a tubular body having structure at a trailing end thereof for connecting the body to the leading end of a casing string and extending toward a nose at the leading end thereof.
  • the nose is configured with a shallow cone profile surrounding the center thereof, and a plurality of blades extend in a steeply pitched spiral configuration from a periphery of the nose, commencing at their leading ends with substantially no standoff from the body, toward the trailing end of the body.
  • the blades taper axially and radially outwardly from the periphery of the nose to a greater, substantially constant standoff from the body to a location proximate their axially trailing ends and defining junk slots therebetween.
  • the center of the nose includes a port therein through which drilling fluid (and, later, cement) may be circulated downwardly through the casing string, out onto the face of the nose and into the junk slot, which circulation may be enhanced through the use of additional side ports through the periphery of the nose from the interior of the body.
  • the rotationally leading edges (taken in the direction of intended rotation, conventionally clockwise, of the casing string when rotational reaming is contemplated) of each blade between the leading end thereof and a point at which the blade reaches full diameter are provided with a plurality of superabrasive cutting elements, which may comprise polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutting elements facing in the direction of intended rotation.
  • PDC cutting elements are set outside the pass through diameter of a drill bit intended to be later run into the reaming tool for drillout, to facilitate the drillout process.
  • Cutting elements of other materials, such as, for example, tungsten carbide (WC) may also be employed if suitable for the formation or formations to be encountered, these cutting elements again being set outside the pass through diameter.
  • Radially outer faces of the blades along the tapered portion thereof are provided with a relatively thick layer of crushed tungsten carbide, placed rotationally behind the PDC cutting elements.
  • Bearing elements in the form of, for example, tungsten carbide or PDC ovoids are disposed in recesses in the exterior surfaces of the blades, in the tapered portions thereof, the ovoids being overexposed (extending farther from the radially outer surface of the blades) than the PDC cutting elements and in locations rotationally behind the PDC cutting elements.
  • the bearing elements and their relative exposure prevent potentially damaging contact between the PDC cutting elements and the interior of a larger tubular conduit through which the casing string is run before encountering the open, predrilled bore hole.
  • the radially outer surfaces of the blades axially trailing the tapered portions bearing the PDC cutting elements are provided with a layer of tungsten carbide, at least along the rotationally leading and trailing edges of the blades.
  • the longitudinally trailing ends of the blades may be tapered axially and radially inwardly toward the body, and provided with a relatively thick layer of crushed tungsten carbide.
  • the interior profile of the body is configured to optimize drillout by conventional rotary bits without leaving large segments of material of the remaining tool nose in the bore hole.
  • reaming tool 10 (in two slightly different embodiments, as respectively depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 ) comprises tubular body 12, which may be formed of a single material, such as steel, aluminum, bronze or other suitably hard metal or alloy which is, nonetheless, easily drillable by conventional PDC or roller cone drill bits.
  • the body 12 includes a nose 14, which may be configured with a shallow, concave profile recessed toward the centerline of the reaming tool 10.
  • the concave profile may be a shallow cone, or other suitable concave profile.
  • the nose 14 transitions into a side wall 16, which tapers axially and radially outwardly toward a trailing end of body 10, which is provided with structure, such as internal threads (not shown) for connecting reaming tool 10 to the leading end of a casing string.
  • the transition between the nose 14 and side wall 16 comprises a transition shoulder wall 18 of substantially arcuate cross-section and which may or may not exhibit a constant radius of curvature.
  • a central port, P opens from the interior of body 12 to the exterior on the nose, and additional side ports P extend from the exterior to the interior of body 12 through transition shoulder wall 18.
  • a plurality of blades 20 is disposed on the exterior of tubular body 12, extending from a location proximate the trailing edge of the transition shoulder wall 18 with no standoff therefrom, and increasing in standoff as they taper radically outwardly as they extend toward their respective axially trailing ends to provide a radially outer surface of increasing diameter.
  • the axially trailing ends of the b.ades 20 comprise beveled or chamfered surfaces 22 of decreasing diameter, extending to the exterior of the body 12.
  • the blades 20 are configured in a steeply pitched, spiral configuration on the exterior of the body 12, the circumferential extent of each blade 20 being great enough to ensure complete, 360° coverage of the exterior of body 12 by the plurality of blades 20.
  • Junk slots 24 are defined on the exterior of side wall 16, from a position proximate transition shoulder wall 18, each junk slot 24 being circumferentially aligned with a side port P. Junk slots 24 initially increase in depth from their respective leading ends, following the increase in standoff of blades 20 and being defined between the side edges of the latter.
  • Superabrasive cutting elements in the form of PDC cutting elements 30 are disposed along the rotationally leading edges of each blade 20.
  • the PDC cutting elements 30 may comprise any suitable PDC cutting element configuration.
  • a suitable PDC cutting element is disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,435,403 , assigned to the Assignee of the present invention.
  • the PDC cutting elements 30 are set outside the pass through diameter of a drill bit intended to be later run into the reaming tool for drillout, to facilitate the drillout process. It is also contemplated that superabrasive cutting elements other than PDC cutting elements, as well as cutting elements of other materials, may be employed in implementing the present invention.
  • thermally stable product (TSP) diamond cutting elements diamond impregnated cutting segments, cubic boron nitride (CBN) cutting elements and tungsten carbide (WC) cutting elements may be utilized, in consideration of the characteristics of the formation or formations being reamed and the ability to employ relatively less expensive cutting elements when formation characteristics permit.
  • TSP thermally stable product
  • CBN cubic boron nitride
  • WC tungsten carbide
  • Radially outer surfaces 32 of the blades 20 along the tapered portion thereof are provided with a relatively thick layer of crushed tungsten carbide 34, placed rotationally behind the PDC cutting elements 30.
  • the layer of crushed tungsten carbide 24 is relatively circumferentially wide, axially short and commences axially above about the mid-point of the row of PDC cutting elements 30, while in the embodiment of FIG. 1 it is placed in an elongated groove extending axially at least along the entire axial extent of PDC cutting elements 30.
  • Bearing elements 36 in the form of, for example, tungsten carbide ovoids are disposed in recesses in the exterior surfaces of the blades 20, in the tapered portions thereof, circumferentially between the PDC cutting elements 30 and the relatively thick layer of crushed tungsten carbide 34. It is also contemplated that other types and configurations of bearing elements may be employed, such as, for example, hemispherically headed PDC bearing elements, or bearing elements formed of other suitable materials.
  • the radially outer surfaces 32 of blades 20 axially trailing the PDC cutting elements 30 are provided with one or more layer of tungsten carbide 38. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , a layer of tungsten carbide 38 extends substantially over the entire radially outer surface of each blade 20, while in the embodiment of FIG.
  • the tungsten carbide is substantially disposed in two elongated layers 38 in grooves extending along rotationally leading and trailing edges of blades 20, the rotationally trailing layer 38 extending axially toward nose 14 so as to extend rotationally behind the relatively thick layer of tungsten carbide 34 with bearing element 36 lying circumferentially therebetween.
  • the axially trailing, beveled surfaces 22 at the ends of the blades 20 are provided with a relatively thick layer of crushed tungsten carbide 40.
  • the nose of the reaming tool 10 is configured with an analytically derived shell (wall) thickness, selected for ease of drillout.
  • a minimum thickness is designed by finite element analysis (FEA) for the intended weight and torque to be applied to the reaming tool 10 during use.
  • FEA finite element analysis
  • the thickness is optimized so that the design affords a safety factor of 2 to 3 over the desired loading parameters under which reaming tool 10 is to be run.
  • the concavity of the nose 14 may be varied in degree, providing the reaming tool 10 the ability to guide itself through a formation while allowing the nose portion to be drilled out without leaving large segments of material in the bore hole. It is also notable that the absence of blades 20 in the nose area projecting above the face of the nose allows for an uninterrupted cut of material of the body shell in the nose, making the reaming tool 20 PDC bit-drillable.
  • the bearing elements 36 comprising tungsten carbide ovoid-ended inserts or formed of other suitable materials, are overexposed with respect to the PDC cutting elements 30 as well as to the tungsten carbide layer, to prevent damaging contact between the superabrasive cutting elements carried on blades 20 and the interior of casing or liner through which reaming tool 10 may be run.
  • both PDC cutting elements 30 as well as tungsten carbide layers 34, 38 and 40 enables rotational or reciprocating reaming.
  • Full circumferential coverage of the carbide layers 34, 38 and 40 enables reciprocating reaming.
  • the PDC cutting elements 30 enable aggressive, rotational reaming in a conventional (clockwise) direction.
  • the carbide layers 34 and, 38 which extend to the top of the gage on both the rotationally leading and trailing edges of the blades 20, allow the reaming tool 10 to ream in a counterclockwise rotational direction as well.
  • Blades 20 also incorporate tapered, rotationally leading edges to reduce reactive torque and reduce sidecutting aggressiveness.
  • the thick layer of crushed tungsten carbide 40 on the axially trailing ends of the blades 20 provides an updrill reaming capability.
  • FIG. 5A depicts an outer, face cutter profile of a conventional PDC rotary drag bit.D disposed within body 12 of reaming tool 10 before rotary drag bit D engages the interior surface IS of nose 14.
  • FIG. 5B rotary drag bit D has engaged the inner surface IS of nose 14, and has partially drilled therethrough.
  • the inner surface S of central, concave portion of nose 14 exhibits a similar cone angle to that of cutter profile CP, while the outer surface OS thereof exhibits a steeper cone angle, resulting in a thinner shell proximate the centerline L of reaming tool 10, and ensuring that the nose portion 14 will be drilled out from centerline L toward transition shoulder wall 18, which will be drilled out last, ensuring the absence of any large material segments from nose 14.
  • the PDC cutting elements 30 (not shown in FIGS. 5A-5C ) are completely removed from and radially outward of the drillout diameter of rotary drag bit D.
  • FIG. 5C depicts completion of drillout of the concave portion of nose 14 and partial drillout of transition shoulder wall 18, the radially inward-to-outward drillout pattern ensuring that no uncut segments of nose remain after drillout.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Räumwerkzeug, umfassend
    - einen im Wesentlichen rohrförmigen Körper (12) mit einem konkaven Nasenabschnitt (14), der sich über einen im Wesentlichen bogenförmigen Schulterübergangsbereich (18) zu einer Seitenwand (16) erstreckt,
    - eine Vielzahl von in Umfangsrichtung im Abstand angeordneten, spiralförmig ausgestalteten Blättern (20) auf der Außenseite des Körpers (12), wobei die Blätter Bohrkleinschlitze (24) zwischen sich bilden und ein sich radial nach innen erstreckendes, abgeschrägtes, axial nacheilendes Ende (22) aufweisen, und
    - eine Schneidstruktur, die auf der Seitenwand (16) des Körpers (10) für einen Kontakt mit einer Bohrlochseitenwand ausgestaltet und positioniert ist, wobei die Schneidstruktur eine Vielzahl von Schneidelementen (30) umfasst, die entlang einer in Drehrichtung vorauseilenden Kante jedes Blatts (20) angeordnet sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Blätter (20) sich von einem Bereich in der Nähe des Schulterübergangsbereichs aus erstrecken und
    - ein axial vorauseilendes Ende jedes Blatts (20) im Wesentlichen nicht abstehend beginnt und radial nach außen bis zu einem im Wesentlichen konstant abstehenden Abschnitt auseinanderläuft.
  2. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der konkave Nasenabschnitt (14) wenigstens einen durch ihn verlaufenden Kanal (P) aufweist, der sich zur Innenseite des Körpers (12) erstreckt.
  3. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, das weiterhin wenigstens ein Lagerelement (36) auf jedem Blatt (20) umfasst, das in der Nähe des axial vorauseilenden Endes des Blatts (20) angeordnet ist und der Vielzahl von Schneidelementen (30) auf diesem in Drehrichtung nacheilt.
  4. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 3, das weiterhin eine Schicht (34) aus Wolframcarbid in der Nähe der axial vorauseilenden Kante jedes Blatts (20) umfasst, die dem wenigstens einen Lagerelement (36) in Drehrichtung nacheilt.
  5. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, das weiterhin eine Vielzahl von zusätzlichen Kanälen (P) umfasst, die sich durch den sich zur Innenseite des Körpers (12) erstreckenden bogenförmigen Schulterübergangsbereich (18) erstrecken, wobei jeder zusätzliche Kanal im Wesentlichen in Umfangsrichtung zu einem Bohrkleinschlitz fluchtend ausgerichtet ist.
  6. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei das abgeschrägte, axial nacheilende Ende (22) jedes Blatts (20) eine Schicht (40) aus zerstoßenem Wolframcarbid auf sich trägt.
  7. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine in Drehrichtung vorauseilende Kante jedes Blatts (20), die axial der Vielzahl von Schneidelementen (30) nacheilt, abgeschrägt ist und relativ unaggressiv ist.
  8. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei wenigstens ein Abschnitt von einem aus einer radial äußeren Oberfläche jedes Blatts (20), einem Abschnitt jedes Blatts angrenzend an eine in Drehrichtung voreilende Kante und einem Abschnitt jedes Blatts (20) angrenzend an eine in Drehrichtung nacheilende Kante mit Wolframcarbid bedeckt ist.
  9. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Steigung der spiralen Ausgestaltung der Blätter (20) ausreichend steil ist, um wenigstens eine im Wesentlichen vollständige Umfangsabdeckung der Blätter (20) um den Körper (12) herum zu schaffen.
  10. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Vielzahl von Schneidelementen (30) Schneidelemente umfasst, die aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, die aus PDC-Schneidelementen, TSP-Diamantschneidelementen, diamantimprägnierten Schneidelementen, CBN-Schneidelementen und WC-Schneidelementen besteht.
  11. Räumwerkzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Innenfläche der Nase (14) im Querschnitt so ausgestaltet ist, dass sie anfänglich durch ein Schneidprofil eines konventionellen PDC-Bohrmeißels in Eingriff gebracht wird und den PDC-Meißel zentriert, wenn er innerhalb des Räumwerkzeugs in der Nähe des zentralen Abschnitts der Innenfläche angeordnet ist.
  12. Räumwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 11, wobei die Nase (14) eine Wanddicke in der Nähe ihres Zentrums aufweist, die größer als eine Wanddicke in der Nähe ihres Umfangsabschnitts ist.
EP07756257A 2006-05-15 2007-05-14 Auf einem casing oder einem liner geeignetes räumwerkzeug und räumverfahren Not-in-force EP2019901B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10191648.4A EP2284354A3 (de) 2006-05-15 2007-05-14 Räumer für Futterrohr- oder Liner-einbau und Räumverfahren

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80062106P 2006-05-15 2006-05-15
US11/747,651 US7621351B2 (en) 2006-05-15 2007-05-11 Reaming tool suitable for running on casing or liner
PCT/US2007/011543 WO2007133739A2 (en) 2006-05-15 2007-05-14 Reaming tool suitable for running on casing or liner and method of reaming

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10191648.4 Division-Into 2010-11-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2019901A2 EP2019901A2 (de) 2009-02-04
EP2019901B1 true EP2019901B1 (de) 2012-01-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10191648.4A Withdrawn EP2284354A3 (de) 2006-05-15 2007-05-14 Räumer für Futterrohr- oder Liner-einbau und Räumverfahren
EP07756257A Not-in-force EP2019901B1 (de) 2006-05-15 2007-05-14 Auf einem casing oder einem liner geeignetes räumwerkzeug und räumverfahren

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10191648.4A Withdrawn EP2284354A3 (de) 2006-05-15 2007-05-14 Räumer für Futterrohr- oder Liner-einbau und Räumverfahren

Country Status (5)

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US (2) US7621351B2 (de)
EP (2) EP2284354A3 (de)
CA (1) CA2651823C (de)
RU (1) RU2436927C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2007133739A2 (de)

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WO2007133739A3 (en) 2008-01-24
RU2436927C2 (ru) 2011-12-20
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US20070289782A1 (en) 2007-12-20
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US20100065282A1 (en) 2010-03-18
CA2651823A1 (en) 2007-11-22
RU2008149244A (ru) 2010-06-20

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