EP2018508B1 - Weapon locking system - Google Patents

Weapon locking system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2018508B1
EP2018508B1 EP07725248A EP07725248A EP2018508B1 EP 2018508 B1 EP2018508 B1 EP 2018508B1 EP 07725248 A EP07725248 A EP 07725248A EP 07725248 A EP07725248 A EP 07725248A EP 2018508 B1 EP2018508 B1 EP 2018508B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid passage
weapon
breech system
passage opening
recoil spring
Prior art date
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EP07725248A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2018508A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Bantle
Norbert Fluhr
Johannes-August Bantle
Hermann Albrecht
Robert Hirt
Ralf Kimmich
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Heckler und Koch GmbH
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Heckler und Koch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/66—Breech housings or frames; Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • F41C9/00—Other smallarms, e.g. hidden smallarms or smallarms specially adapted for underwater use
    • F41C9/06—Smallarms specially adapted for underwater use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/13—Percussion or firing pins, i.e. fixed or slidably-mounted striker elements; Mountings therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F41A5/26—Arrangements or systems for bleeding the gas from the barrel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a weapon closure system, d. H. a closure system for firearms.
  • Such systems are generally used to close a firearm with a shutter mechanism for delivering a shot, then open again, reload with a loading mechanism and to be able to deliver a shot again.
  • Closure systems with different loading mechanisms are known. Such systems are used to automatically load or reload an automatic or semi-automatic weapon. You can also operate manually. Incidentally, repeating systems for manual loading or reloading and for opening and closing a shutter mechanism are also known.
  • gas boosters are self-loading firearms in which the closure is firmly locked.
  • a part of the propellant gas is discharged from the pipe by one or more gas discharge (s) and supplied to a self-charging mechanism.
  • the energy of this under very high pressure propellant gas unlocks and opens the shutter and initiates a Nachladevorgang.
  • gas pressure charging systems direct the propellant gases through a gas pipe into the interior of the weapon.
  • the propellant gas is removed from the pipe via a gas take-off, but then fed via a pipe system to the closure, more precisely the closure carrier. There it acts directly on the closure carrier, which is driven by the direct propellant jet.
  • a pipe system is used for example in the standard rifle of the US armed forces M16 and the M4 carbine.
  • Rebound loaders have predominantly non-locked closure systems. They get the energy to eject a cartridge case and reload directly from the recoil energy of a shot. This acts directly on the front side of the closure head. This moves the entire closure so far back that the empty cartridge case is ejected and reloaded, such as when unlocked ground closure or semi-rigid roller shutter. Examples are the HK G3, the Israeli Uzi or the German submachine gun of the Wehrmacht -MP40.
  • firearms, gas pressure boosters, recoil loaders and also manual repeating systems have the disadvantage that they are not functionally reliable, usually at all when used out of a liquid, for example when surfacing from the sea or after immersion or after a stay in a liquid are not functional.
  • the liquid in particular water, penetrates into the interior of the weapon, in particular the weapon closure system.
  • gas pressure chargers without gas piston the liquid penetrates into the gas pipes of the gas pressure charging system.
  • the already described gas pressure charging system of the M16 or the Colt carabiner M4 runs full of water due to the missing gas piston.
  • the ignition of a cartridge can be prevented.
  • the necessary for ignition movable elements, such as the firing pin, can be slowed down so much of the liquid that, for example, the firing pin strikes only with an insufficient for a shot firing energy on the Zündplättchen.
  • the closure carrier and the closing spring piston are designed cooperatively in such a way that the closing spring piston displaces liquid from the at least one fluid passage opening when the closure carrier returns.
  • the weapon closure system comprises at least one fluid passage opening connecting a functional space, in particular a functional cavity, so that fluid which has entered the functional space and adversely affects the function of the closure system can easily and quickly pass through the fluid passage opening (s) outside is derivable.
  • Sol remain the functioning of the moving mechanical elements and the reliability of the closure system or a so equipped. Guaranteed weapon, liquid should have penetrated into the interior of the closure system or the weapon.
  • An inventive closure system can in principle be used in all types of weapons, from small arms to a mount fixed mounted weapons, such as automatic, semi-automatic, small caliber, large caliber weapons, such as assault rifles, machine guns, submachine guns, repeaters, light machine guns or grenade launcher - be it Gas pressure loaders, blowback or manual repeaters or weapons with other locking and charging system.
  • weapons from small arms to a mount fixed mounted weapons, such as automatic, semi-automatic, small caliber, large caliber weapons, such as assault rifles, machine guns, submachine guns, repeaters, light machine guns or grenade launcher - be it Gas pressure loaders, blowback or manual repeaters or weapons with other locking and charging system.
  • An inventive closure system is directly or at least after a very short time interval, for example, after the emergence of a weapons guide from the water - be it a combat diver or fighter, a member of a landing force or a special unit - Functional and reliable and allows a firing of a weapon equipped with it.
  • At least one fluid passage opening allows a targeted water or liquid channel guide, in particular such that - after a submergence of the weapon in a liquid - liquid penetrated into the weapon expire quickly and any liquid residues in a firing and reloading from the Inside the closure system or can be displaced from the weapon.
  • Several fluid passage openings in particular their clever arrangement and the resulting interaction, make the closure system according to the invention particularly robust against functional impairments due to penetrating water.
  • the at least one fluid passage opening can be configured and arranged as desired, as long as it guarantees a fluid outlet from the weapon.
  • it can be round, oval, tortuous, angular, in particular rectangular or triangular, or have any other shape.
  • an insert element such as a pipe, a box or other element suitable form of any materials, such as metal, plastic or the like can be used.
  • This may be fixedly connected to the fluid passage opening, for example, welded, glued, riveted, soldered, clamped or pressed, or, alternatively, releasably on and be releasably connected to the fluid passage opening.
  • a fluid passage opening can be integrated in any manner in a weapons locking system, for example by a hole or milling or by recesses, deletions or omissions in the manufacturing process, during extrusion or after.
  • the fluid passage opening is designed as a round bore into which a pipe section is inserted.
  • a Such a design can be cost-effective and allows a quick drainage of liquid.
  • the closure system further preferably comprises at least one closable closure and a closing spring mechanism and more preferably at least two functional spaces, in particular functional cavities (claim 6).
  • the closure may in principle be in one piece, but preferably comprises a closure carrier arranged thereon a closure head, more preferably in the closure carrier a functional space is arranged (claim 7).
  • This functional space is preferably a firing pin guide (claim 8), which usually comprises a firing pin, a firing pin spring and a schlagbolzenfeder entry (claim 9).
  • the front fluid passage opening may extend laterally, obliquely, radially upwards or downwards or otherwise. Preferably, it extends in the closure carrier, perpendicular to the axis of gravity weapon below the firing pin end as a radial bore down and is arranged so that it is adjacent to the closure head and below the firing pin is (claims 10, 11).
  • This arrangement has the advantage that the firing pin remains freely movable and functional, if there is a liquid here. It ensures a rapid drainage of the liquid or it can be easily displaced by the triggering of the firing pin from the firing pin guide area.
  • the firing pin can be actuated or triggered independently of the reloading mechanism and thus ensures the delivery of at least one shot from a weapon equipped with such a closure system.
  • At least one rear fluid passage opening is preferably located directly in the wall of the closing spring guide tube (claim 15) and / or in the shaft and / or in the shoulder support (claim 16).
  • the rear fluid passage openings may extend laterally, obliquely, radially upwards or downwards or otherwise (claim 17).
  • the weapon comprises in the rear region of the closure system at least two radial and three axial fluid passage openings in the wall of the closing spring guide tube and / or in the shaft and / or in the shoulder support.
  • the at least two fluid passage openings are arranged and configured such that they communicate with each other (claim 5), as this significantly increases the liquid channel guide.
  • At least one fluid passage opening in the closure carrier and at least five fluid passage openings in the closing spring mechanism are particularly preferably arranged (claim 20).
  • a functionality of the firing pin and other movable elements in one of the functional (hollow) spaces and a return of the closure is ensured.
  • the closure thereby can be activated both actively via a manual reloading, as well as passively via an automatic reloading.
  • the fluid passage openings are preferably also designed and arranged such that through them a fluid in the functional (hollow) space can be introduced (claim 3).
  • a gas can enter, so as to exclude a suction effect on the firing pin or any other blockade, for example, of the firing pin or the closing spring piston.
  • the drainage of a liquid is accelerated.
  • the closure system preferably comprises a closing spring housing and a functional (hollow) space arranged therein (claim 12).
  • a closing spring mechanism in this functional (hollow) space (claim 13).
  • This preferably comprises a closing spring piston, a closing spring, a closing spring guide tube and a closing spring piston buffer (claim 14).
  • the closure system preferably comprises at least one latching opening for longitudinal adjustment of the shoulder support and a radially arranged fluid passage opening (claim 18). Particularly preferably, two fluid passage openings are arranged in the latching openings.
  • the at least one fluid passage opening is particularly preferably arranged and configured in such a way that, after immersion or residence of the closure system in a liquid or other penetration of liquid into a functional (hollow) space, a liquid discharge within 1- Guaranteed 3 seconds (claim 19), as a particularly fast use of weapons is possible.
  • such weapons locking system according to the previous versions in weapons such as gas pressure, recoil or manual or other repeating systems used and usable, but it is particularly preferably used in a gas pressure supercharger.
  • a short stroke gas piston system is used with a short gas piston.
  • such a gas pressure loader comprises an actuating rod, a piston and a short cylinder (claim 22).
  • the piston is a short gas piston
  • the cylinder is a short gas cylinder
  • the actuating rod is a gas take-off rod.
  • This preferably extends from a gas take-off to the closure carrier and cooperates with the closure system in such a way that it drives the closure carrier and thus displaces liquid from the at least one fluid passage opening of the closing spring mechanism via the closing spring piston driven by the closure carrier (claim 23).
  • the gas rod and the closure carrier may or may not be coupled together. Preferably, however, the gas rod and the closure carrier are not coupled together.
  • At least one piston ring is preferably arranged on the gas piston, which bears against the inner wall of the gas cylinder. This removes deposited combustion residues there. With such a gas pressure supercharger, no propellant gases and corresponding propellant gas deposits reach the weapon interior. This shortens the cleaning effort and increases the reliability of the weapon.
  • a weapon closure system in the form of a gas pressure loader arranged in an assault rifle is described, but this is not to be understood as limiting.
  • the invention generally relates to the aforementioned weapon closure system, provided that it has at least one functional space, in particular functional cavity, with at least one fluid passage opening.
  • Fig. 1 shows the assault rifle. It comprises a housing 2, a tube 4, a hand guard 5 a magazine shaft 6, a closure system 8, a trigger mechanism 10, a trigger tongue 11 and a shaft 12. At the rear end of the tube 4 is a cartridge chamber 14, which is a within the Housing 2 reciprocable closure 16, 18 is closed.
  • the closure 16, 18 is in two parts and is composed of a closure carrier 16 and a rotatable relative to this closure head 18.
  • a closing spring mechanism In the rear of the weapon is located in a first cavity, hereinafter functional cavity 48, in which a closing spring mechanism is arranged.
  • the latter biases the closure carrier 16 by means of a closing spring 20 to the front.
  • the closing spring 20 extends in a closing spring guide tube 27 within a closing spring housing 26.
  • a reciprocating closing spring piston 22 In the closing spring guide tube 27, a reciprocating closing spring piston 22 is arranged, on whose - the shoulder support 62 facing - end a closing spring piston buffer 24 is arranged. This buffers a movement of the closing spring piston 22 against a rear floor on which the closure system opposite end of the closing spring guide tube 27 from.
  • the shoulder support 62 are a plurality of latching openings 64, which serve the longitudinal adjustment of the shoulder support 62. For longitudinal fixing of the shoulder support 62 in the desired position, a bolt 66 is first pulled and then locked in a desired locking openings 64.
  • the illustrated gas pressure loader comprises a gas cylinder 34 which is closed at its one end by a bottom and encloses a gas chamber. This is connected via a gas channel, the so-called gas take-off 28 with the front portion of the tube 2.
  • a reciprocating gas piston 36 Within the gas cylinder is a reciprocating gas piston 36.
  • This is followed by a connected to him gas rod 30, which opens the shutter 16,18 in a known manner, so it accelerates to open to the rear.
  • the closure head 18 - with the aid of a control cam and a control pin (both not shown) - out of its locked position with the cartridge chamber 14, and the locking lugs (not shown) are released and the lock head 18 unlocked. Due to the inertia he moves with the closure carrier 16 against the spring pressure of the closing spring 20 to the rear.
  • the gas rod 30 is also biased against the pressure of a gas rod spring 32 and pushed back to its original position.
  • Fig. 1 the weapon is shown in a ready to fire state in which the shutter 16,18 is open and vom Deduction mechanism 10 is held in a position behind the magazine shaft 6.
  • the shutter head 18 and shutter carrier 16 move forward, take a cartridge from a magazine in the magazine 6 recorded magazine (not shown), introduce them into the cartridge chamber 14 and are then locked to the chamber 14, for example with the help of warts.
  • a striker 40 is movably guided with a striker head 46 at its rearward end, along the axis of the weapon, within a second operative cavity 38, a so-called striker guide 38. It is partially surrounded by a firing pin guide cylinder 44 and is biased against the pressure of a firing pin spring 42.
  • the trigger mechanism 10 For firing, it is released via the trigger mechanism 10 when the shutter system 8 is fully locked.
  • the trigger mechanism 8 then strikes, for example with a tap, on the firing pin head 46.
  • the firing pin 28 then abuts the cartridge bottom of a cartridge located within the cartridge chamber 14 and ignites it.
  • the closure 16,18 remains locked until the projectile has left the tube 4 and the pent-up behind her gas pressure opens the closure 16,18 on the gas take-off 28 and the gas rod 30.
  • the shutter carrier 16 moves backwards from the tube 2
  • the closure head 18 pulls the empty cartridge case via a (not shown) extractor from the chamber 14 and throws them via a (not shown) ejection mechanism with an ejector from the shutter 16, 18 off.
  • the further back running shutter 16,18 biases the closing spring 20 and the trigger mechanism 10.
  • the remaining return energy of the shutter carrier 18 is buffered by Sch thoroughlyfederkolbenpuffer 24 at the end of the return path against the inner sides of the shoulder support 62.
  • the closure 16,18 is then in the rear in Fig. 1 shown position of Trigger mechanism 10 caught. Upon a renewed actuation of the trigger or on continuous fire, the procedure described is repeated.
  • Fig. 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a section of the weapon Fig. 1 in which the closure system 8 is shown. Both functional cavities 38,48, the firing pin guide 38 and the closing spring mechanism 48 are shown. In these, a plurality of fluid passage openings are arranged.
  • a first fluid passage opening 50 connects the front functional cavity 38 to the exterior.
  • Five further fluid passage openings 52,54,56,58 and 60 connect the rear functional cavity 48 to the exterior. Two of them, namely the fluid passage openings 52 and 54 extend radially from the functional space 48 into the latching openings 64.
  • the three remaining fluid passage openings 56-60 extend axially from the functional space 48 to the rear, thus connecting the closing spring mechanism space 48 the buttstock 62 outward.
  • the firing pin 40 If the firing pin 40 is then acted upon in order to fire a firing bolt, it can move freely despite a liquid which may possibly be present in the firing pin guide 38 or in the firing pin functional chamber 38.
  • the liquid may passively flow through one or more of the fluid passage openings 50-60 without any intervention from the gun operator or weapon mechanism, or be actively displaced from the closure system by firing and automatic or manual reloading of the trigger mechanism , In this case, the liquid from the front fluid passage opening 50 into and through the magazine shaft 6 or into or through a magazine located there and runs down from.
  • Through the five rear fluid passage openings 52,54,56,58,60 it passes in or through the shaft 12 radially downwards and / or in or through the shoulder support 62 axially to the rear.
  • Fig. 3 shows an enlarged front section of the closure system 8 from Fig. 2 in which the front fluid passage opening 50 can be seen in detail.
  • Fig. 5 shows a Querterrorismsaufsicht on the shoulder support 62 of the weapon Fig. 1 from behind.
  • three of the rear fluid passage openings 52 to 60 are again clearly visible, this time the three axial fluid passage opening 56, 58, 60.
  • Liquid located in the closing spring functional space 48 is thus displaced to the outside by the closing spring piston 22 which extends to the rear and also through the three axial fluid passage openings 56, 58, 60, or runs off passively there.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Table Equipment (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

An automatic weapon has a barrel, a stock and a magazine coming together at a breech in which rounds of ammunition are fired e.g. by a firing pin. The breech chamber has sidewalls with one or more drain holes for a liquid e.g. water. The water drain holes are protected by slide covers.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Waffenverschlußsystem, d. h. ein Verschlußsystem für Feuerwaffen.The invention relates to a weapon closure system, d. H. a closure system for firearms.

Derartige Systeme dienen in der Regel dazu, eine Feuerwaffe mit einem Verschlußmechanismus zur Abgabe eines Schusses zu verschließen, danach wieder zu öffnen, mit einem Lademechanismus nachzuladen und erneut einen Schuß abgeben zu können.Such systems are generally used to close a firearm with a shutter mechanism for delivering a shot, then open again, reload with a loading mechanism and to be able to deliver a shot again.

Nachfolgend aufgeführte Lagebezeichnungen, wie "vorne", "hinten", "seitlich" usw. beziehen sich auf eine Waffe in normaler, horizontaler Schußlage, wobei die Schußrichtung nach vorne weist.Listed below location designations, such as "front", "rear", "side", etc., refer to a weapon in normal, horizontal firing position, with the firing direction facing forward.

Verschlußsysteme mit unterschiedlichen Ladenmechanismen, wie man sie beispielsweise bei Gasdruckladern oder Rückstoßladern findet, sind bekannt. Solche Systeme dienen dem automatischen Laden bzw. Nachladen einer automatischen oder halbautomatischen Waffe. Sie lassen sich aber auch manuell betätigen. Im übrigen sind auch Repetiersysteme zum manuellen Laden bzw. Nachladen sowie zum Öffnen und Schließen eines Verschlußmechanismus bekannt.Closure systems with different loading mechanisms, as found for example in gas pressure or recoil loaders, are known. Such systems are used to automatically load or reload an automatic or semi-automatic weapon. You can also operate manually. Incidentally, repeating systems for manual loading or reloading and for opening and closing a shutter mechanism are also known.

Allgemein sind Gasdrucklader selbstladende Feuerwaffen, bei denen der Verschluß fest verriegelt ist. Bei einer Schußabgabe wird ein Teil des Treibgases durch eine oder mehrere Gasentnahme(n) aus dem Rohr abgeleitet und einem Selbstlademechanismus zugeführt. Die Energie dieses unter sehr hohem Druck stehenden Treibgases entriegelt und öffnet den Verschluß und leitet einen Nachladevorgang ein.Generally, gas boosters are self-loading firearms in which the closure is firmly locked. In a shot discharge, a part of the propellant gas is discharged from the pipe by one or more gas discharge (s) and supplied to a self-charging mechanism. The energy of this under very high pressure propellant gas unlocks and opens the shutter and initiates a Nachladevorgang.

Gasdrucklader haben den Vorteil, daß die Verriegelung des Verschlusses sicher und konstruktiv einfach aufrechterhalten bleibt, bis das Projektil den Lauf verlassen hat. Das Treibgas wirkt erst dann auf den Selbstlademechanismus, wenn das Projektil die Gasentnahme passiert hat. Zusätzlich kann die entnommene Treibgasmenge, beispielsweise über ein Ventil, so beeinflußt werden, daß die Kadenz der Waffe verändert oder die Waffe an unterschiedliche Munitions-Sorten/-Laborierungen angepaßt werden kann.Gas-pressure boosters have the advantage that the locking of the closure remains safe and structurally easy to maintain until the projectile has left the barrel. The Propellant gas only acts on the self-loading mechanism when the projectile has passed the gas extraction. In addition, the amount of propellant taken, for example via a valve, can be influenced so that the cadence of the weapon changed or the weapon can be adapted to different types of ammunition / -Laborations.

Die Kraftübertragung vom Treibgas auf den Verschluß kann unterschiedlich erfolgen. Bei den meisten Systemen werden die Treibgase nach Verlassen der Gasentnahme auf einen Gaskolben geleitet, der seinerseits den Gasdruck mittels einer Gasstange auf den Verschluß, genauer einen Verschlußträger, überträgt, so beispielsweise bei dem bekannten G 36. Gaskolben, Gasstange und Verschlußträger können aus mehreren Bauteilen bestehen oder zu einem einzigen Bauteil zusammengefaßt sein. Derartige Gasdrucklader werden in long stroke und short stroke Systeme unterteilt. Beim long-stroke-System legt der Gaskolben beim Ladevorgang den gleichen Weg zurück wie der Verschlußträger. Beim short-stroke-System ist der Weg des Gaskolbens kürzer als der des Verschlußträgers.The power transmission from the propellant to the closure can be done differently. In most systems, the propellant gases are passed after leaving the gas sampling on a gas piston, which in turn transmits the gas pressure by means of a gas rod on the closure, more precisely a closure carrier, such as in the known G 36. Gas piston, gas rod and closure carrier can consist of several components exist or combined into a single component. Such gas pressure boosters are divided into long stroke and short stroke systems. In the long-stroke system, the gas piston lays the same way during loading as the closure carrier. In the short-stroke system, the travel of the gas piston is shorter than that of the closure carrier.

Andere Gasdruckladesysteme hingegen leiten die Treibgase durch ein Gasrohr in das Waffeninnere. Zunächst wird auch hier das Treibgas über eine Gasabnahme am Rohr entnommen, dann aber über ein Rohrsystem dem Verschluß, genauer dem Verschlußträger, zugeführt. Dort wirkt es unmittelbar auf den Verschlußträger, der durch den direkten Treibgasstrahl angetrieben wird. Ein solches System wird beispielsweise beim Standardgewehr der US Streitkräfte M16 und dem M4 Karabiner eingesetzt.Other gas pressure charging systems, however, direct the propellant gases through a gas pipe into the interior of the weapon. First, the propellant gas is removed from the pipe via a gas take-off, but then fed via a pipe system to the closure, more precisely the closure carrier. There it acts directly on the closure carrier, which is driven by the direct propellant jet. Such a system is used for example in the standard rifle of the US armed forces M16 and the M4 carbine.

Der Wegfall von Gaskolben und Gasgestänge führt zwar zu einer deutlichen Gewichtsersparnis. Das direkt in das Waffeninnere geleitete Treibgas lagert sich dort aber oftmals als Gas- und Pulverrückstände ab. Dies kann zu Funktionsstörungen führen, wenn ein solches System nicht häufiger gereinigt wird. Die M16 erlangte aus diesem Grund erst nach langen Entwicklungsarbeiten und einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Treibladungen eine einigermaßen ausreichende Zuverlässigkeit.The elimination of gas piston and throttle linkage leads to a significant weight savings. The propellant gas, which is conducted directly into the interior of the weapon, often deposits there as gas and powder residues. This can lead to malfunctions if such a system is not cleaned more frequently. For this reason, the M16 only became available after a long time Development work and a significant improvement in the propellant charges reasonably sufficient reliability.

Rückstoßlader hingegen weisen überwiegend nicht-verriegelte Verschlußsysteme auf. Sie erhalten die Energie zum Auswerfen einer Patronenhülse und zum erneuten Nachladen direkt aus der Rückstoßenergie eines Schusses. Diese wirkt direkt auf die Stirnseite des Verschlußkopfes. Dieser bewegt den gesamten Verschluß so weit nach hinten, daß die leere Patronenhülse ausgeworfen und erneut nachgeladen wird, wie beispielsweise beim unverriegelten Masseverschluß oder beim halbstarren Rollenverschluß. Beispiele hierfür sind das HK G3, die israelische Uzi oder die deutsche Maschinenpistole der Wehrmacht -MP40.Rebound loaders, however, have predominantly non-locked closure systems. They get the energy to eject a cartridge case and reload directly from the recoil energy of a shot. This acts directly on the front side of the closure head. This moves the entire closure so far back that the empty cartridge case is ejected and reloaded, such as when unlocked ground closure or semi-rigid roller shutter. Examples are the HK G3, the Israeli Uzi or the German submachine gun of the Wehrmacht -MP40.

Allgemein haben Feuerwaffen, Gasdrucklader, Rückstoßlader und auch manuelle Repetiersysteme den Nachteil, daß sie bei einem Einsatz aus einer Flüssigkeit heraus, beispielsweise bei einem Auftauchen aus dem Meer, bzw. nach einem Eintauchen oder nach einem Aufenthalt in einer Flüssigkeit, nicht funktionssicher, zumeist überhaupt nicht funktionsfähig sind. Die Flüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, dringt nämlich in das Waffeninnere, insbesondere das Waffenverschlußsystem, ein. Bei Gasdruckladern ohne Gaskolben dringt die Flüssigkeit in die Gasrohre des Gasdruckladesystems. So läuft beispielsweise das bereits beschriebene Gasdruckladesystem des M16 oder des Colt Karabiners M4 auf Grund des fehlenden Gaskolbens voller Wasser. Diese Waffen müssen dann vollständig zerlegt und gereinigt werden, um deren Funktionsfähigkeit und -sicherheit wieder herzustellen.In general, firearms, gas pressure boosters, recoil loaders and also manual repeating systems have the disadvantage that they are not functionally reliable, usually at all when used out of a liquid, for example when surfacing from the sea or after immersion or after a stay in a liquid are not functional. The liquid, in particular water, penetrates into the interior of the weapon, in particular the weapon closure system. In gas pressure chargers without gas piston, the liquid penetrates into the gas pipes of the gas pressure charging system. For example, the already described gas pressure charging system of the M16 or the Colt carabiner M4 runs full of water due to the missing gas piston. These weapons must then be completely disassembled and cleaned to restore their functionality and safety.

Dringt Flüssigkeit in das Waffeninnere, etwa das Verschlußsystem, ein, kann die Zündung einer Patrone verhindert werden. Die zur Zündung erforderlichen beweglichen Elemente, beispielsweise der Schlagbolzen, können von der Flüssigkeit so stark abgebremst werden, daß beispielsweise der Schlagbolzen nur noch mit einer für eine Schußauslösung unzureichenden Energie auf das Zündplättchen auftrifft.If liquid penetrates into the interior of the weapon, such as the closure system, the ignition of a cartridge can be prevented. The necessary for ignition movable elements, such as the firing pin, can be slowed down so much of the liquid that, for example, the firing pin strikes only with an insufficient for a shot firing energy on the Zündplättchen.

Das Problem von in Waffen eindringenden Flüssigkeiten ist vom ständer Technik her bekannt und wird z.B. in der US 4 100 855 A , die eine Gundlage für den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bildet US 3 300 888 A und US 3 553 876 behandelt.The problem of liquids penetrating into weapons is known from the state of the art and is used, for example, in the US 4 100 855 A , which forms a basis for the preamble of claim 1 US 3,300,888 A and US 3,553,876 treated.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Waffenverschlußsystem bzw eine damit ausgestattete Waffe gegen etwaige Funktionsstörungen robuster zu machen, insbesondre Störungen aufgrund eines etwaigen Aufenthaltes im Wasser oder einer anderen Flüssigkeit.The invention has for its object to make a weapon locking system or a weapon equipped with it against any malfunction more robust, insbesondre disturbances due to a possible stay in the water or other liquid.

Diese Aufgabe lösen jeweils die Gegenstände der Ansprüche 1 und 21. Danach sind beim erfindungsgemäßen Waffenverschlußsystem der Verschlußträger und der Schließfederkolben derart zusammenwirkend ausgelegt, das der Schließfederkolben bei zurücklaufendem Verschlussträger Flüssigkeit aus der wenigstens einen Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung verdrängt.This object is achieved in each case by the subject-matter of claims 1 and 21. Accordingly, in the weapon locking system according to the invention, the closure carrier and the closing spring piston are designed cooperatively in such a way that the closing spring piston displaces liquid from the at least one fluid passage opening when the closure carrier returns.

Ferner umfasst das Waffenverschlusssystem wenigstens eine einen Funktionsraum, insbesondere Funktionshohlraum, mit der Umgebung verbindende Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung, so daß etwa in den Funktionsraum eingetretenes, die Funktion des Verschlußsystems beeinträchtigendes Fluid durch die Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung(en) einfach und schnell nach außen ableitbar ist. Sol bleiben die Funktionsfähigkeit der beweglichen mechanischen Elemente sowie die Funktionssicherheit des Verschlußsystems bzw. einer damit ausgestatten. Waffe gewährleistet, sollte Flüssigkeit in das Innere des Verschlußsystems bzw. der Waffe eingedrungen sein.Furthermore, the weapon closure system comprises at least one fluid passage opening connecting a functional space, in particular a functional cavity, so that fluid which has entered the functional space and adversely affects the function of the closure system can easily and quickly pass through the fluid passage opening (s) outside is derivable. Sol remain the functioning of the moving mechanical elements and the reliability of the closure system or a so equipped. Guaranteed weapon, liquid should have penetrated into the interior of the closure system or the weapon.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verschlußsystem kann dabei grundsätzlich in allen Arten von Waffen verwendet werden, von Handfeuerwaffen bis auf einer Lafette fest montierte Waffen, wie automatische, halbautomatische, kleinkalibrige, großkalibrige Waffen, beispielsweise Sturmgewehre, Maschinengewehre, Maschinenpistolen, Repetierer, leichte Maschinenkanonen oder Granatwerfer - seien es Gasdrucklader, Rückstoßlader oder manuelle Repetierer oder Waffen mit einem sonstigen Verschluß- und Ladesystem.An inventive closure system can in principle be used in all types of weapons, from small arms to a mount fixed mounted weapons, such as automatic, semi-automatic, small caliber, large caliber weapons, such as assault rifles, machine guns, submachine guns, repeaters, light machine guns or grenade launcher - be it Gas pressure loaders, blowback or manual repeaters or weapons with other locking and charging system.

Normalerweise wäre ein Einsatz einer Waffe aus dem Wasser heraus auf Grund der genannten Nachteile und Gefahren vollkommen abwegig. Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verschlußsystem ist direkt oder zumindest nach einem sehr kurzen Zeitintervall beispielsweise nach dem Auftauchen eines Waffenführers aus dem Wasser - sei es ein Kampftaucher oder Kampfschwimmer, ein Mitglied einer Landungstruppe oder auch einer Spezialeinheit - funktionsfähig sowie funktionssicher und ermöglicht eine Schußabgabe bei einer damit ausgestatten Waffe.Normally a use of a weapon out of the water due to the disadvantages and dangers mentioned would be completely devious. An inventive closure system is directly or at least after a very short time interval, for example, after the emergence of a weapons guide from the water - be it a combat diver or fighter, a member of a landing force or a special unit - Functional and reliable and allows a firing of a weapon equipped with it.

Die Verwendung von wenigstens einer Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung erlaubt eine gezielte Wasser- oder Flüssigkeitskanalführung, insbesondere derart, daß - nach einem Untertauchen der Waffe in einer Flüssigkeit - in die Waffe eingedrungene Flüssigkeit rasch ablaufen und etwaige Flüssigkeitsreste bei einer Schußabgabe und beim Nachladen aus dem Inneren des Verschlußsystems bzw. aus der Waffe verdrängt werden können. Mehrere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen, insbesondere deren geschickte Anordnung und deren sich daraus ergebende Wechselwirkung, machen das erfindungsgemäße Verschlußsystem besonders robust gegen Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen infolge eindringenden Wassers.The use of at least one fluid passage opening allows a targeted water or liquid channel guide, in particular such that - after a submergence of the weapon in a liquid - liquid penetrated into the weapon expire quickly and any liquid residues in a firing and reloading from the Inside the closure system or can be displaced from the weapon. Several fluid passage openings, in particular their clever arrangement and the resulting interaction, make the closure system according to the invention particularly robust against functional impairments due to penetrating water.

Grundsätzlich kann die wenigstens eine Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung beliebig ausgestaltet und angeordnet sein, solange sie einen Flüssigkeitsaustritt aus er Waffe garantiert. So kann sie etwa rund, oval, gewunden, eckig, insbesondere rechteckig oder dreieckig, sein oder jede andere Form haben. In die Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung kann auch ein Einsatzelement, beispielsweise ein Rohr, ein Kasten oder sonstiges Element geeigneter Form aus beliebigen Materialien, beispielsweise Metall, Kunstoff oder ähnliches eingesetzt werden. Dieses kann mit der Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung fest verbunden sein, beispielsweise verschweißt, verklebt, genietet, gelötet, verklemmt oder verpreßt sein, oder, alternativ, lösbar ein- und aussetzbar mit der Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung verbunden sein. Dabei kann eine Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung auf jede beliebige Art in ein Waffenverschlußsystem integriert werden, beispielsweise durch eine Bohrung oder Fräsung oder durch Aussparungen, Wegnahmen oder Auslassungen beim Herstellungsprozeß, während des Strangpressens oder danach.In principle, the at least one fluid passage opening can be configured and arranged as desired, as long as it guarantees a fluid outlet from the weapon. For example, it can be round, oval, tortuous, angular, in particular rectangular or triangular, or have any other shape. In the fluid passage opening and an insert element, such as a pipe, a box or other element suitable form of any materials, such as metal, plastic or the like can be used. This may be fixedly connected to the fluid passage opening, for example, welded, glued, riveted, soldered, clamped or pressed, or, alternatively, releasably on and be releasably connected to the fluid passage opening. In this case, a fluid passage opening can be integrated in any manner in a weapons locking system, for example by a hole or milling or by recesses, deletions or omissions in the manufacturing process, during extrusion or after.

Bevorzugt ist die Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung als runde Bohrung ausgestaltet, in die ein Rohrstück eingesetzt ist. Eine solche Konstruktion läßt sich kostengünstig erstellen und ermöglicht ein schnelles Ablaufen von Flüssigkeit.Preferably, the fluid passage opening is designed as a round bore into which a pipe section is inserted. A Such a design can be cost-effective and allows a quick drainage of liquid.

Das Verschlußsystem umfaßt ferner bevorzugt wenigstens einen schließbaren Verschluß und einen Schließfedermechanismus und weist weiter bevorzugt wenigstens zwei Funktionsräume, insbesondere Funktionshohlräume auf (Anspruch 6). Der Verschluß kann grundsätzlich einstückig sein, umfaßt jedoch bevorzugterweise einen Verschlußträger einen daran angeordneten Verschlußkopf, wobei weiter bevorzugt im Verschlußträger ein Funktionsraum angeordnet ist (Anspruch 7). Dieser Funktionsraum ist vorzugsweise eine Schlagbolzenführung (Anspruch 8), die meist einen Schlagbolzen, eine Schlagbolzenfeder und eine schlagbolzenfederführung umfaßt (Anspruch 9) .The closure system further preferably comprises at least one closable closure and a closing spring mechanism and more preferably at least two functional spaces, in particular functional cavities (claim 6). The closure may in principle be in one piece, but preferably comprises a closure carrier arranged thereon a closure head, more preferably in the closure carrier a functional space is arranged (claim 7). This functional space is preferably a firing pin guide (claim 8), which usually comprises a firing pin, a firing pin spring and a schlagbolzenfederführung (claim 9).

Bevorzugt umfaßt das Waffenverschlußsystem mehrere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen, vorzugsweise wenigstens zwei Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen (Anspruch 4), wobei besonders bevorzugt wenigstens eine vordere und wenigstens eine hintere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung, jeweils in einem vorderen und in einem hinteren Funktionsraum (Anspruch 6), insbesondere Funktionshohlraum, angeordnet ist.Preferably, the weapon closure system comprises a plurality of fluid passage openings, preferably at least two fluid passage openings (claim 4), particularly preferably at least one front and at least one rear fluid passage opening, in each case in a front and in a rear functional space ( Claim 6), in particular function cavity, is arranged.

Die vordere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung kann sich seitlich, schräg, radial nach oben oder nach unten oder anders erstrecken. Bevorzugt erstreckt sie sich im Verschlußträger, lotrecht zur Seelenachse Waffe unterhalb des Schlagbolzenendes als Radialbohrung nach unten und ist so angeordnet, daß sie an den Verschlußkopf angrenzt und unterhalb des Schlagbolzens liegt (Ansprüche 10, 11). Diese Anordnung hat den Vorteil, daß der Schlagbolzen frei beweglich und funktionsfähig bleibt, wenn sich hier eine Flüssigkeit befindet. Es gewährleistet eine schnelles Ablaufen der Flüssigkeit bzw. kann sie durch das Auslösen des Schlagbolzens aus der Schlagbolzenführungsbereich leicht verdrängt werden. Der Schlagbolzen kann unabhängig von dem Nachladenmechanismus betätigt bzw. ausgelöst werden und gewährleistet so die Abgabe von zumindest einem Schuß aus einer mit einem solchen Verschlußsystem ausgestatten Waffe.The front fluid passage opening may extend laterally, obliquely, radially upwards or downwards or otherwise. Preferably, it extends in the closure carrier, perpendicular to the axis of gravity weapon below the firing pin end as a radial bore down and is arranged so that it is adjacent to the closure head and below the firing pin is (claims 10, 11). This arrangement has the advantage that the firing pin remains freely movable and functional, if there is a liquid here. It ensures a rapid drainage of the liquid or it can be easily displaced by the triggering of the firing pin from the firing pin guide area. The firing pin can be actuated or triggered independently of the reloading mechanism and thus ensures the delivery of at least one shot from a weapon equipped with such a closure system.

Weiter befindet sich wenigstens eine hintere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung bevorzugt unmittelbar in der Wandung des Schließfederführungsrohres (Anspruch 15) und/oder im Schaft und/oder in der Schulterstütze (Anspruch 16). Die hinteren Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen können sich seitlich, schräg, radial nach oben oder nach unten oder anders erstrecken (Anspruch 17). Besonders bevorzugt umfaßt die Waffe dabei im hinteren Bereich der Verschlußsystems wenigstens zwei radiale und drei axiale Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen in der Wandung des Schließfederführungsrohr und/oder im Schaft und/oder in der Schulterstütze. Besonders bevorzugt sind die wenigstens zwei Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen derart angeordnet und ausgestaltet, daß sie miteinander kommunizieren (Anspruch 5), da dies die Flüssigkeitskanalführung deutlich steigert.Furthermore, at least one rear fluid passage opening is preferably located directly in the wall of the closing spring guide tube (claim 15) and / or in the shaft and / or in the shoulder support (claim 16). The rear fluid passage openings may extend laterally, obliquely, radially upwards or downwards or otherwise (claim 17). Particularly preferably, the weapon comprises in the rear region of the closure system at least two radial and three axial fluid passage openings in the wall of the closing spring guide tube and / or in the shaft and / or in the shoulder support. Particularly preferably, the at least two fluid passage openings are arranged and configured such that they communicate with each other (claim 5), as this significantly increases the liquid channel guide.

Besonders bevorzugt sind bei diesem Verschlußsystem wenigstens eine Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung im Verschlußträger und wenigstens fünf Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen im Schließfedermechanismus angeordnet (Anspruch 20). So wird ein Funktionsfähigkeit des Schlagbolzen und sonstiger beweglicher Elemente in einem der Funktions(hohl)räume sowie ein Rücklauf des Verschlusses gewährleistet. Der Verschluß dabei kann sowohl aktiv über ein manuelles Nachladen, als auch passiv über ein automatisches Nachladen betätigt werden.In this closure system, at least one fluid passage opening in the closure carrier and at least five fluid passage openings in the closing spring mechanism are particularly preferably arranged (claim 20). Thus, a functionality of the firing pin and other movable elements in one of the functional (hollow) spaces and a return of the closure is ensured. The closure thereby can be activated both actively via a manual reloading, as well as passively via an automatic reloading.

Darüber hinaus sind die Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen bevorzugt auch derart ausgestaltet und angeordnet ist, daß durch sie ein Fluid auch in den Funktions (hohl) raum einleitbar ist (Anspruch 3). So kann beispielsweise bei einem Verdrängen einer Flüssigkeit aus einer Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung durch eine weitere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung ein Gas eintreten, um so eine Sogwirkung auf den Schlagbolzen oder eine sonstige Blockade beispielsweise des Schlagbolzens oder des Schließfederkolbens auszuschließen. Darüber hinaus wird so das Ablaufen einer Flüssigkeit beschleunigt.In addition, the fluid passage openings are preferably also designed and arranged such that through them a fluid in the functional (hollow) space can be introduced (claim 3). Thus, for example, when displacing a liquid from a fluid passage opening through a further fluid passage opening, a gas can enter, so as to exclude a suction effect on the firing pin or any other blockade, for example, of the firing pin or the closing spring piston. In addition, so the drainage of a liquid is accelerated.

Ferner umfaßt das Verschlußsystem bevorzugt ein Schließfedergehäuse und einen darin angeordneten Funktions (hohl) raum (Anspruch 12). Zwar könnte das Schließfedergehäuse auch weggelassen werden, jedoch erleichtert es die Führung der Schließfeder. Bevorzugt befindet sich ein Schließfedermechanismus in diesem Funktions (hohl) raum (Anspruch 13). Dieser umfaßt bevorzugt einen Schließfederkolben, eine Schließfeder, ein Schließfederführungsrohr und einen Schließfederkolbenpuffer (Anspruch 14). Dabei führen bevorzugt die Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung durch die Wandung des Schließfederführungsrohres (Anspruch 15).Furthermore, the closure system preferably comprises a closing spring housing and a functional (hollow) space arranged therein (claim 12). Although the Schließfedergehäuse could also be omitted, but it facilitates the leadership of the closing spring. Preferably, there is a closing spring mechanism in this functional (hollow) space (claim 13). This preferably comprises a closing spring piston, a closing spring, a closing spring guide tube and a closing spring piston buffer (claim 14). In this case, preferably, the fluid passage opening through the wall of the closing spring guide tube (claim 15).

Darüber hinaus umfaßt das Verschlußsystem bevorzugt wenigstens eine Rastöffnung zur Längsverstellung der Schulterstütze und eine darin radial angeordnete Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung (Anspruch 18). Besonders bevorzugt sind zwei Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung in den Rastöffnungen angeordnet.In addition, the closure system preferably comprises at least one latching opening for longitudinal adjustment of the shoulder support and a radially arranged fluid passage opening (claim 18). Particularly preferably, two fluid passage openings are arranged in the latching openings.

Weiter ist besonders bevorzugt die wenigstens eine Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung derart angeordnet und ausgestaltet, daß sie - nach einem Eintauchen oder Aufenthalt des Verschlußsystems in einer Flüssigkeit oder einem sonstigen Eindringen von Flüssigkeit in einen Funktions (hohl) raum - eine Flüssigkeitsableitung innerhalb von 1-3 Sekunden gewährleistet (Anspruch 19), da so ein besonders schneller Waffeneinsatz möglich ist.Furthermore, the at least one fluid passage opening is particularly preferably arranged and configured in such a way that, after immersion or residence of the closure system in a liquid or other penetration of liquid into a functional (hollow) space, a liquid discharge within 1- Guaranteed 3 seconds (claim 19), as a particularly fast use of weapons is possible.

Letztlich ist ein solches Waffenverschlußsystem nach den bisherigen Ausführungen in Waffen wie Gasdruckladern, Rückstoßladern oder auch manuellen oder sonstigen Repetiersystemen einsetzbar und verwendbar, jedoch wird es besonders bevorzugt in einem Gasdrucklader verwendet. Bevorzugt wird dabei ein short stroke Gaskolbensystem mit einem kurzen Gaskolben verwendet.Ultimately, such weapons locking system according to the previous versions in weapons such as gas pressure, recoil or manual or other repeating systems used and usable, but it is particularly preferably used in a gas pressure supercharger. Preferably, a short stroke gas piston system is used with a short gas piston.

Dabei umfaßt eine solcher Gasdrucklader eine Betätigungsstange, einen Kolben und einen kurzen Zylinder (Anspruch 22). Besonders bevorzugt ist der Kolben ein kurzer Gaskolben, der Zylinder ein kurzer Gaszylinder und die Betätigungsstange eine Gasabnahmestange. Diese reicht bevorzugt von einer Gasabnahme bis zum Verschlußträger und wirkt derart mit dem Verschlußsystem zusammen, daß sie den Verschlußträger antreibt und so über den vom Verschlußträger angetriebenen Schließfederkolben Flüssigkeit aus der wenigstens einen Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung des Schließfedermechanismus verdrängt (Anspruch 23). In diesem System können die Gasstange und der Verschlußträger miteinander gekoppelt sein oder auch nicht. Bevorzugt sind jedoch die Gasstange und der Verschlußträger nicht miteinander gekoppelt.In this case, such a gas pressure loader comprises an actuating rod, a piston and a short cylinder (claim 22). Particularly preferably, the piston is a short gas piston, the cylinder is a short gas cylinder and the actuating rod is a gas take-off rod. This preferably extends from a gas take-off to the closure carrier and cooperates with the closure system in such a way that it drives the closure carrier and thus displaces liquid from the at least one fluid passage opening of the closing spring mechanism via the closing spring piston driven by the closure carrier (claim 23). In this system, the gas rod and the closure carrier may or may not be coupled together. Preferably, however, the gas rod and the closure carrier are not coupled together.

Schließlich ist vorzugsweise wenigstens ein Kolbenring am Gaskolben angeordnet, der an der Innenwand des Gaszylinders anliegt. Dieser entfernt dort abgelagerte Verbrennungsrückstände. Bei einem solchen Gasdrucklader gelangen keine Treibgase und entsprechende Treibgasablagerungen in das Waffeninnere. Dies verkürzt den Reinigungsaufwand und erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit der Waffe.Finally, at least one piston ring is preferably arranged on the gas piston, which bears against the inner wall of the gas cylinder. This removes deposited combustion residues there. With such a gas pressure supercharger, no propellant gases and corresponding propellant gas deposits reach the weapon interior. This shortens the cleaning effort and increases the reliability of the weapon.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der beigefügten, schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In diesen zeigen

Fig. 1
eine Querschnittsansicht einer Waffe mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verschlußsystem;
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte Querschnittsansicht eines Ausschnitts von der Waffe aus Fig. 1, die das Verschlußsystem zeigt;
Fig. 3
einen vergrößerten, vorderen Ausschnitt des Verschlußsystems aus Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
einen vergrößerten, hinteren Ausschnitt des Verschlußsystems aus Fig. 2; und
Fig. 5
eine Querschnittsaufsicht auf die Schulterstütze der Waffe aus Fig. 1 von hinten.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment and the accompanying schematic drawings. In this show
Fig. 1
a cross-sectional view of a weapon with a closure system according to the invention;
Fig. 2
an enlarged cross-sectional view of a section of the weapon Fig. 1 showing the closure system;
Fig. 3
an enlarged, front section of the closure system Fig. 2 ;
Fig. 4
an enlarged, rear section of the closure system Fig. 2 ; and
Fig. 5
a cross-sectional supervision on the shoulder support of the weapon Fig. 1 from behind.

Als Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein in einem Sturmgewehr angeordnetes Waffenverschlußsystems in Form eines Gasdruckladers beschrieben, was jedoch nicht einschränkend zu verstehen ist. Wie bereits erwähnt, bezieht sich die Erfindung allgemein auf das eingangs genannte Waffenverschlußsystem, sofern dieses wenigstens einen Funktionsraum, insbesondere Funktionshohlraum, mit wenigstens einer Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung aufweist.As an exemplary embodiment, a weapon closure system in the form of a gas pressure loader arranged in an assault rifle is described, but this is not to be understood as limiting. As already mentioned, the invention generally relates to the aforementioned weapon closure system, provided that it has at least one functional space, in particular functional cavity, with at least one fluid passage opening.

Fig. 1 zeigt das Sturmgewehr. Es umfaßt ein Gehäuse 2, ein Rohr 4, einen Handschutz 5 einen Magazinschacht 6, ein Verschlußsystem 8, einen Abzugsmechanismus 10, ein Abzugszüngel 11 und einen Schaft 12. Am hinteren Ende des Rohres 4 befindet sich ein Patronenlager 14, das von einem innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 hin- und herbeweglichen Verschluß 16, 18 verschlossen wird. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Verschluß 16, 18 zweiteilig und setzt sich aus einem Verschlußträger 16 und einem relativ zu diesem drehbaren Verschlußkopf 18 zusammensetzen. Fig. 1 shows the assault rifle. It comprises a housing 2, a tube 4, a hand guard 5 a magazine shaft 6, a closure system 8, a trigger mechanism 10, a trigger tongue 11 and a shaft 12. At the rear end of the tube 4 is a cartridge chamber 14, which is a within the Housing 2 reciprocable closure 16, 18 is closed. In the illustrated embodiment, the closure 16, 18 is in two parts and is composed of a closure carrier 16 and a rotatable relative to this closure head 18.

Im hinteren Bereich der Waffe befindet sich im ein erster Hohlraum, im Folgenden Funktionshohlraum 48, in dem ein Schließfedermechanismus angeordnet ist. Letzterer spannt den Verschlußträger 16 mittels einer Schließfeder 20 nach vorne. Die Schließfeder 20 verläuft in einem Schließfederführungsrohr 27 innerhalb eines Schließfeder-gehäuses 26. Im Schließfederführungsrohr 27 ist ein hin- und herbeweglicher Schließfederkolben 22 angeordnet, an dessen - der Schulterstütze 62 zugewandtem - Ende ein Schließfederkolbenpuffer 24 angeordnet ist. Dieser puffert eine Bewegung des Schließfederkolbens 22 gegen einen hinteren Boden, an dem dem Verschlußsystem gegenüberliegenden Ende des Schließfederführungsrohres 27 ab. In der Schulterstütze 62 befinden sich mehrere Rastöffnungen 64, die der Längsverstellung der Schulterstütze 62 dienen. Zur Längs-Fixierung der Schulterstütze 62 in der gewünschten Position wird ein Bolzen 66 zunächst gezogen und dann in einer gewünschten Rastöffnungen 64 eingerastet.In the rear of the weapon is located in a first cavity, hereinafter functional cavity 48, in which a closing spring mechanism is arranged. The latter biases the closure carrier 16 by means of a closing spring 20 to the front. The closing spring 20 extends in a closing spring guide tube 27 within a closing spring housing 26. In the closing spring guide tube 27, a reciprocating closing spring piston 22 is arranged, on whose - the shoulder support 62 facing - end a closing spring piston buffer 24 is arranged. This buffers a movement of the closing spring piston 22 against a rear floor on which the closure system opposite end of the closing spring guide tube 27 from. In the shoulder support 62 are a plurality of latching openings 64, which serve the longitudinal adjustment of the shoulder support 62. For longitudinal fixing of the shoulder support 62 in the desired position, a bolt 66 is first pulled and then locked in a desired locking openings 64.

Alle übrigen Teile des Waffe, wie der Abzugsmechanismus usw. werden nachfolgend nicht weiter beschrieben, da sie dem Fachmann bestens bekannt sind. Für den detaillierten Aufbau eines solchen Gasdruckladers wird beispielsweise auf die DE 196 15 181 der Anmelderin verwiesen, deren Offenbarung hiermit gesamtinhaltlich in die vorliegende Beschreibung mitaufgenommen ist.All other parts of the weapon, such as the trigger mechanism, etc. are not further described below, since they are well known to those skilled in the art. For the detailed structure of such a gas pressure supercharger is for example on the DE 196 15 181 the applicant, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Der dargestellte Gasdrucklader umfaßt einen Gaszylinder 34, der an seinem einem Ende durch einen Boden abgeschlossen ist und eine Gaskammer umschließt. Diese ist über einen Gaskanal, die sogenannte Gasabnahme 28 mit dem vorderen Bereich des Rohres 2 verbunden. Innerhalb des Gaszylinders befindet sich ein hin- und herbeweglicher Gaskolben 36. An diesen schließt sich eine mit ihm verbundene Gasstange 30 an, die den Verschluß 16,18 in bekannter Weise öffnet, also ihn zum Öffnen nach hinten beschleunigt. Dabei dreht sich der Verschlußkopf 18 - mit Hilfe einer Steuerkurve und eines Steuerbolzens (beide nicht gezeigt) - aus seiner mit dem Patronenlager 14 verriegelten Stellung heraus, und die Verriegelungswarzen (nicht gezeigt) werden frei gegeben und der Verschlußkopf 18 entriegelt. Auf Grund der Massenträgheit bewegt er sich mit dem Verschlußträger 16 gegen den Federdruck der Schließfeder 20 nach hinten. Die Gasstange 30 wird dabei ebenfalls gegen den Druck einer Gasstangenfeder 32 vorgespannt und wieder in ihre Ausgangsposition zurückgedrückt.The illustrated gas pressure loader comprises a gas cylinder 34 which is closed at its one end by a bottom and encloses a gas chamber. This is connected via a gas channel, the so-called gas take-off 28 with the front portion of the tube 2. Within the gas cylinder is a reciprocating gas piston 36. This is followed by a connected to him gas rod 30, which opens the shutter 16,18 in a known manner, so it accelerates to open to the rear. In this case, the closure head 18 - with the aid of a control cam and a control pin (both not shown) - out of its locked position with the cartridge chamber 14, and the locking lugs (not shown) are released and the lock head 18 unlocked. Due to the inertia he moves with the closure carrier 16 against the spring pressure of the closing spring 20 to the rear. The gas rod 30 is also biased against the pressure of a gas rod spring 32 and pushed back to its original position.

In Fig. 1 ist die Waffe in einem schußbereiten Zustand gezeigt, in dem der Verschluß 16,18 geöffnet ist und vom Abzugsmechanismus 10 in einer Stellung hinter dem Magazinschacht 6 gehalten wird. Bei Schußauslösung bewegen sich Verschlußkopf 18 und Verschlußträger 16 nach vorne, nehmen eine Patrone aus einem im Magazinschacht 6 aufgenommenen Magazin (nicht gezeigt) mit, führen diese in das Patronenlager 14 ein und werden dann mit dem Patronenlager 14 verriegelt, beispielsweise mit Hilfe von Warzen. Innerhalb des Verschlußkopfes 18 ist ein Schlagbolzen 40 mit einem Schlagbolzenkopf 46 an seinem hinteren Ende, entlang der Seelenachse der Waffe, innerhalb eines zweiten Funktionshohlraumes 38, einer sogenannten Schlagbolzenführung 38, beweglich geführt. Er wird von einem Schlagbolzenführungszylinder 44 teilweise umgeben und ist gegen den Druck einer Schlagbolzenfeder 42 vorgespannt. Zur Schußauslösung wird er über den Abzugsmechanismus 10 freigegeben, wenn das Verschlußsystem 8 vollständig verriegelt ist. Der Abzugsmechanismus 8 schlägt dann, beispielsweise mit einem Hahn, auf den Schlagbolzenkopf 46. Der Schlagbolzen 28 stößt dann auf den Patronenboden einer sich innerhalb der Patronenlagers 14 befindenden Patrone und zündet diese.In Fig. 1 the weapon is shown in a ready to fire state in which the shutter 16,18 is open and vom Deduction mechanism 10 is held in a position behind the magazine shaft 6. When firing the shutter head 18 and shutter carrier 16 move forward, take a cartridge from a magazine in the magazine 6 recorded magazine (not shown), introduce them into the cartridge chamber 14 and are then locked to the chamber 14, for example with the help of warts. Within the closure head 18, a striker 40 is movably guided with a striker head 46 at its rearward end, along the axis of the weapon, within a second operative cavity 38, a so-called striker guide 38. It is partially surrounded by a firing pin guide cylinder 44 and is biased against the pressure of a firing pin spring 42. For firing, it is released via the trigger mechanism 10 when the shutter system 8 is fully locked. The trigger mechanism 8 then strikes, for example with a tap, on the firing pin head 46. The firing pin 28 then abuts the cartridge bottom of a cartridge located within the cartridge chamber 14 and ignites it.

Der Verschluß 16,18 bleibt solange verriegelt, bis das Geschoß das Rohr 4 verlassen hat und der hinter ihr aufgestaute Gasdruck den Verschluß 16,18 über die Gasabnahme 28 und die Gasstange 30 öffnet. Dabei bewegt sich der Verschlußträger 16 nach hinten vom Rohr 2 weg, der Verschlußkopf 18 zieht dabei die leere Patronenhülse über einen (nicht gezeigten) Auszieher aus dem Patronenlager 14 und wirft sie über einen (nicht dargestellten) Auswurfmechanismus mit einem Auswerfer aus dem Verschluß 16,18 aus. Der weiter zurück laufende Verschluß 16,18 spannt die Schließfeder 20 sowie den Abzugsmechanismus 10. Die restliche Rücklaufenergie des Verschlußträgers 18 wird vom Schließfederkolbenpuffer 24 am Ende des Rücklaufweges gegen die Innenseiten der Schulterstütze 62 abgepuffert. Der Verschluß 16,18 wird dann in der hinteren in Fig. 1 gezeigten Stellung vom Abzugsmechanismus 10 gefangen. Bei einer erneuten Betätigung des Abzuges oder bei Dauerfeuer wiederholt sich der beschriebene Ablauf.The closure 16,18 remains locked until the projectile has left the tube 4 and the pent-up behind her gas pressure opens the closure 16,18 on the gas take-off 28 and the gas rod 30. In this case, the shutter carrier 16 moves backwards from the tube 2, the closure head 18 pulls the empty cartridge case via a (not shown) extractor from the chamber 14 and throws them via a (not shown) ejection mechanism with an ejector from the shutter 16, 18 off. The further back running shutter 16,18 biases the closing spring 20 and the trigger mechanism 10. The remaining return energy of the shutter carrier 18 is buffered by Schließfederkolbenpuffer 24 at the end of the return path against the inner sides of the shoulder support 62. The closure 16,18 is then in the rear in Fig. 1 shown position of Trigger mechanism 10 caught. Upon a renewed actuation of the trigger or on continuous fire, the procedure described is repeated.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine vergrößerte Querschnittsansicht eines Ausschnitts der Waffe aus Fig. 1, in der das Verschlußsystem 8 darstellt ist. Beide Funktionshohlräume 38,48, die Schlagbolzenführung 38 und der Schließfedermechanismus 48, sind abgebildet. In diesen sind mehrere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen angeordnet. Eine erste Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung 50 verbindet den vorderen Funktionshohlraum 38 mit dem Außenraum. Fünf weitere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen 52,54,56,58 und 60 (s. auch Fig. 5) verbinden den hinteren Funktionshohlraum 48 mit dem Außenraum. Zwei davon, nämlich die Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen 52 und 54 verlaufen radial vom Funktionsraum 48 in die Rastöffnungen 64. Die drei verbleibenden Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen 56-60 verlaufen axial vom Funktionsraum 48 nach hinten, verbinden also den Schließfedermechanismus-Raum 48 durch die Schulterstütze 62 hindurch nach Außen. Wird nun zur Schußauslösung auf den Schlagbolzen 40 eingewirkt, kann sich dieser - trotz einer sich gegebenenfalls in der Schlagbolzenführung 38 bzw. im Schlagbolzen-Funktionsraum 38 befindenden Flüssigkeit - frei bewegen. Einerseits kann die Flüssigkeit passiv, ohne ein Zutun des Waffenführers oder eines Waffenmechanismus durch eine oder mehrere der Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen 50 bis 60 abfließen oder aktiv durch eine Schußauslösung und ein automatisches oder manuelles Nachladen bzw. erneutes Spannen des Abzugsmechanismus aus dem Verschlußsystem verdrängt werden. Dabei läuft die Flüssigkeit aus der vorderen Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung 50 in und durch den Magazinschacht 6 oder in bzw. durch ein sich dort befindendes Magazin und tritt nach unten aus. Durch die fünf hinteren Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen 52,54,56,58,60 läuft sie in bzw. durch den Schaft 12 radial nach unten und/oder in bzw. durch die Schulterstütze 62 axial nach hinten. Fig. 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a section of the weapon Fig. 1 in which the closure system 8 is shown. Both functional cavities 38,48, the firing pin guide 38 and the closing spring mechanism 48 are shown. In these, a plurality of fluid passage openings are arranged. A first fluid passage opening 50 connects the front functional cavity 38 to the exterior. Five further fluid passage openings 52,54,56,58 and 60 (see also Fig. 5 ) connect the rear functional cavity 48 to the exterior. Two of them, namely the fluid passage openings 52 and 54 extend radially from the functional space 48 into the latching openings 64. The three remaining fluid passage openings 56-60 extend axially from the functional space 48 to the rear, thus connecting the closing spring mechanism space 48 the buttstock 62 outward. If the firing pin 40 is then acted upon in order to fire a firing bolt, it can move freely despite a liquid which may possibly be present in the firing pin guide 38 or in the firing pin functional chamber 38. On the one hand, the liquid may passively flow through one or more of the fluid passage openings 50-60 without any intervention from the gun operator or weapon mechanism, or be actively displaced from the closure system by firing and automatic or manual reloading of the trigger mechanism , In this case, the liquid from the front fluid passage opening 50 into and through the magazine shaft 6 or into or through a magazine located there and runs down from. Through the five rear fluid passage openings 52,54,56,58,60 it passes in or through the shaft 12 radially downwards and / or in or through the shoulder support 62 axially to the rear.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen vergrößerten vorderen Ausschnitt des Verschlußsystems 8 aus Fig. 2 auf der die vordere Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung 50 detailliert zu erkennen ist. Fig. 3 shows an enlarged front section of the closure system 8 from Fig. 2 in which the front fluid passage opening 50 can be seen in detail.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen vergrößerten hinteren Ausschnitt des Verschlußsystems aus Fig. 2, auf dem besonders drei der hinteren Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen 52 bis 60, nämlich die radialen Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen 52 und 54 in den Rastöffnungen 64 und die axiale Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung 58, zu sehen sind. Fig. 4 shows an enlarged rear section of the closure system Fig. 2 in particular, three of the rear fluid passage openings 52 to 60, namely the radial fluid passage openings 52 and 54 in the latching openings 64 and the axial fluid passage opening 58 can be seen.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Querschnittsaufsicht auf die Schulterstütze 62 der Waffe aus Fig. 1 von hinten. In ihr sind wiederum drei der hinteren Fluid-Durchtrittsöffnungen 52 bis 60 gut zu sehen, diesmal die drei axialen Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnung 56,58,60. Im Schließfeder-Funktionsraum 48 befindliche Flüssigkeit wird also durch den nach hinten laufenden Schließfederkolben 22 auch durch die drei axialen Fluid-Durchtritts-Öffnungen 56,58,60, nach außen verdrängt oder läuft dort passiv ab. Fig. 5 shows a Querschnittsaufsicht on the shoulder support 62 of the weapon Fig. 1 from behind. In turn, three of the rear fluid passage openings 52 to 60 are again clearly visible, this time the three axial fluid passage opening 56, 58, 60. Liquid located in the closing spring functional space 48 is thus displaced to the outside by the closing spring piston 22 which extends to the rear and also through the three axial fluid passage openings 56, 58, 60, or runs off passively there.

Claims (23)

  1. A weapon breech system (8) having
    - a breechblock carrier (16) and
    - a recoil spring mechanism comprising at least one fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) and also a recoil spring plunger (22,
    characterised in that the breechblock carrier (16) and the recoil spring plunger (22) are configured to interact in such a manner that the recoil spring plunger (22) displaces liquid from the at least one fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) when the breechblock carrier (16) is on its return travel.
  2. A weapon breech system (8) according to Claim 1, having at least one functional cavity (38, 48) and at least one fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) connecting the functional cavity (38, 48) with the surrounding area in such a manner that fluid that has entered the functional cavity (38, 48) and impairs the operation of the weapon breech system (8) can be simply and rapidly discharged to the outside through the fluid passage openings (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60).
  3. A weapon breech system (8) according to Claim 1 or 2, in which at least one fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) is configured and disposed in such a manner that fluid can also be introduced therethrough into the functional space (38, 48).
  4. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of the preceding Claims, having at least two fluid passage openings (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60).
  5. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of the preceding Claims, in which the two fluid passage openings (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) communicate with each other.
  6. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of the preceding claims, having at least two functional cavities (38, 48).
  7. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of the preceding Claims, having a breechblock carrier (16), a bolt head (18) disposed therein and a functional cavity (38) disposed in the breechblock carrier (16).
  8. A weapon breech system (8) according to Claim 7, in which the functional cavity (38, 48) is a firing pin guide (44).
  9. A weapon breech system (8) according to Claim 8, in which the firing pin guide (38) comprises a firing pin (40), a firing pin spring (42) and a firing pin spring guide (44).
  10. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of Claims 7 to 9, in which the fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) is configured as a radial bore in the breechblock carrier (16).
  11. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of Claims 7 to 10, in which the fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) is disposed in the breechblock carrier (16) so that it abuts the bolt head (18) and lies beneath the firing pin (40).
  12. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of the preceding Claims, having a recoil spring housing (26) and a functional cavity (48) disposed therein.
  13. A weapon breech system (8) according to Claim 12, in which a recoil spring mechanism is located in the functional cavity (48).
  14. A weapon breech system (8) according to Claim 13, in which the recoil spring mechanism comprises a recoil spring plunger (22), a recoil spring (20), a recoil spring guide tube (27) and a recoil spring plunger buffer (24).
  15. A weapon breech system (8) according to Claim 14, in which a fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) passes through the wall of the recoil spring guide tube (27).
  16. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of Claims 12 to 15, in which the fluid passage opening (50, 54, 56, 58, 60) is located in the stock (12) and/or in a shoulder support (62).
  17. A weapon breech system (9) according to Claim 16, in which the fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) is disposed axially and/or radially in relation to the axis of the bore of the breech system (8).
  18. A weapon breech system (8) according to Claim 16 or 17, having at least one detent opening (62) for the longitudinal adjustment of the shoulder support (62) and a fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) radially disposed therein.
  19. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of the preceding Claims, in which the at least one fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) is disposed and configured in such a manner that it guarantees discharge of a liquid within 1 to 3 seconds after the breech system (8) has been immersed or sitting in a liquid or liquid has otherwise penetrated into a functional cavity (38, 48).
  20. A weapon breech system (8) according to one of the preceding Claims, having at least one fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) in the breechblock carrier (16) and at least five fluid passage openings (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) in the recoil spring mechanism.
  21. A weapon, in particular a gas-operated gun, having a weapon breech system (8) according to one of the preceding Claims.
  22. A weapon according to Claim 21, in which the gas-operated gun comprises an actuating rod (30), a piston (36) and a short cylinder (34).
  23. A weapon according to Claim 21 or 22, in which the piston (36) is a short gas piston (36), the cylinder (34) is a short gas cylinder (34) and the actuating rod (30) is a gas port rod (30), which extends from a gas port (28) right to the breechblock carrier (16) and interacts with the weapon breech system (8) in such a manner that it drives the breechblock carrier (16) and thus displaces liquid from the at least one fluid passage opening (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) of the recoil spring mechanism via the recoil spring plunger (22) driven by the breechblock carrier (16).
EP07725248A 2006-05-17 2007-05-15 Weapon locking system Active EP2018508B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202006007925U DE202006007925U1 (en) 2006-05-17 2006-05-17 Automatic weapon for e.g. amphibious or special forces warfare has slide-covered water drain holes in breech sidewall
PCT/EP2007/004332 WO2007131781A1 (en) 2006-05-17 2007-05-15 Weapon locking system

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EP2018508A1 EP2018508A1 (en) 2009-01-28
EP2018508B1 true EP2018508B1 (en) 2010-01-20

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US (1) US8074556B2 (en)
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KR (1) KR101097502B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE456019T1 (en)
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DE (2) DE202006007925U1 (en)
DK (1) DK2018508T3 (en)
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PT2018508E (en) 2010-01-29
DE502007002683D1 (en) 2010-03-11
WO2007131781A1 (en) 2007-11-22
DK2018508T3 (en) 2010-05-03
US20100282064A1 (en) 2010-11-11
KR101097502B1 (en) 2011-12-22
DE202006007925U1 (en) 2006-07-20
ES2340088T3 (en) 2010-05-28
EP2018508A1 (en) 2009-01-28
ATE456019T1 (en) 2010-02-15
KR20090018054A (en) 2009-02-19
CA2652211C (en) 2011-03-29
ZA200809673B (en) 2009-08-26
US8074556B2 (en) 2011-12-13
CA2652211A1 (en) 2007-11-22

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