EP2015462A1 - UWB System mit Strahlformung und dynamischer Frequenzzuteilung - Google Patents

UWB System mit Strahlformung und dynamischer Frequenzzuteilung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2015462A1
EP2015462A1 EP07109527A EP07109527A EP2015462A1 EP 2015462 A1 EP2015462 A1 EP 2015462A1 EP 07109527 A EP07109527 A EP 07109527A EP 07109527 A EP07109527 A EP 07109527A EP 2015462 A1 EP2015462 A1 EP 2015462A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wireless device
band
frequencies
antenna array
potential victim
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Ceased
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EP07109527A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Friedbert Berens
Eric Achkar
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STMicroelectronics NV
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STMicroelectronics NV
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Priority to EP07109527A priority Critical patent/EP2015462A1/de
Priority to US12/128,716 priority patent/US8774728B2/en
Publication of EP2015462A1 publication Critical patent/EP2015462A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023—Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/0026—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference
    • H04J11/003—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference at the transmitter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the wireless communication systems, and more particularly to the processing of interferences within different wireless communication apparatuses or devices, for example devices belonging to an UWB (Ultra Wide Band) communication system.
  • UWB Ultra Wide Band
  • UWB based wireless communication system The main characteristic of a UWB based wireless communication system is the fact that it operates as an underlay system in frequency bands already in use by other wireless communication and location (RADAR) systems. These incumbent systems will generate interference in the UWB systems (Inband interference) and the UWB system will also generate interference towards these systems. Due to the very limited transmission power of the UWB systems the range, in which the generated interference will cause a degradation in the incumbent system is limited to some meters or 10 th of meters. An incumbent system operating in this area will also generate interference towards the UWB system in operation and thus leads to a degradation of the communication performance.
  • Inband interference interference
  • An incumbent system operating in this area will also generate interference towards the UWB system in operation and thus leads to a degradation of the communication performance.
  • a non-limitative application of the invention is directed to devices operating according to the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) standard based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing), called MBOA (Multiband OFDM Alliance), which can generate interferences towards an incumbent device like for example a WIMAX device which is a fix wireless device (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), or a mobile radio device.
  • UWB Ultra Wide Band
  • MBOA Multiband OFDM Alliance
  • Orthogonal frequency-Division Multiplexing is a method of digital modulation in which a signal is split into several narrowband channels (sub-carriers) at different frequencies.
  • a WIMAX device operates for example with a bandwidth of 20 MHz at a central frequency of 3,5GHz, whereas the frequency band of the MBOA system lies between 3,1 and 4.8GHz.
  • Wireless personal area networks based on OFDM and UWB technologies like the MBOA standard will directly interfere to narrowband interferers which are close to such wide band devices.
  • no specific interference mitigation techniques are implemented in the UWB standard based on OFDM (MBOA).
  • a conventional method proposes to puncture, i.e. remove, selected sub-carriers. More precisely, this puncturing is made, taking into account channel knowledge, after the OFDM modulation in the transmitter, whereas a depuncturing is performed in the receiver before the OFDM demodulator.
  • a method for managing the operation of a first wireless device belonging to a wireless communication system and adapted to exchange information within at least a first band of frequencies comprising detecting the eventual presence of at least one potential victim device operating within the first band of frequencies and reducing the interferences with said at least one potential victim device.
  • said method further comprises providing said first wireless device with an antenna array
  • said detecting step comprises analyzing on said first wireless device the environment of the wireless device through said antenna array, and if said at least one potential victim device is detected, said interference reducing step comprises controlling the antenna array for steering the antenna beam towards an area located outside of the vicinity of said potential victim device for eventually exchanging information within said first band of frequencies with at least a second wireless device located in said area.
  • this aspect tackles the problem from the antenna side combined with a control of said antenna means, for example within the base band processing.
  • adding a controllable antenna array to the wireless device which can either be connected to a single receiving/transmitting chain in the wireless device or to several receiving/transmitting chains, permits in conjunction with the control by the base band processing, to reduce interferences with incumbent system, in the space and/or in frequency and/or in time domain(s).
  • said interference reducing step comprises controlling said first wireless device for exchanging information within said second band of frequencies with at least a third wireless device located in the vicinity of said at least one potential victim device.
  • said interference reducing step comprises stopping any exchange of information within a third band of frequencies including said interferer band of frequencies with at least another wireless device located in the vicinity of said potential victim device during the operation of said potential victim device.
  • said method further comprises providing said wireless device with several transceiving chains all connected to said antenna array, each transceiving chain being capable to individually control said antenna array for eventually steering its own signals towards any direction, and controlling the antenna array comprises individually controlling said antenna array through at least two different transceiving chains for simultaneously transmitting two signals having two different bands of frequencies towards respectively two selected directions.
  • These selected directions may be the same or different.
  • Controlling the antenna array comprises for example controlling the elementary phases of all the signals going through all the antennas of said array.
  • Said control may be performed through controllable elementary delay blocks respectively connected to the antennas of the antenna array, or directly within a base band processor for example.
  • Each wireless device may belong to an OFDM based UWB communication system or for example to a DS-UWB (Direct Sequence UWB) communication system.
  • OFDM OFDM
  • DS-UWB Direct Sequence UWB
  • antenna beam forming it is possible by using antenna beam forming, to provide the Detection And Avoid (DAA) principles, with a spatial dimension thanks to antenna arrays integrated into the wireless devices, in particular the UWB devices.
  • DAA Detection And Avoid
  • a UWB device can detect and avoid an incumbent service which operates on the same frequency band.
  • the operational band of the transmitted UWB signal by e.g. nulling sub-carriers or switching to different sub-bands or group of sub-bands, can be adjusted in the frequency domain to protect incumbent system as well as other UWB systems operating in the near vicinity on overlapping frequency bands.
  • One wireless device for example an UWB device, equipped with means adapted to perform the above mentioned method, can operate together with devices not equipped with such means.
  • the interferences generated by the incumbent system towards the UWB system can be also reduced.
  • the above mentioned method permits also to avoid interferences between different UWB systems.
  • These different UWB systems might be simultaneously operating piconets of the same UWB type or UWB system of different types like sensor networks using low data rate UWB standards (IEEE802.15.4.a) and communication networks based on the WIMEDIA standard.
  • a wireless device belonging to a wireless communication system and adapted to exchange information within a first band of frequencies said wireless device comprising an antenna array, analyzing means adapted to analyze the environment of the wireless device through said antenna array and to detect the eventual presence of at least one potential victim device operating within the first band of frequencies, and antenna control means adapted upon the presence of a detected interferer to control the antenna array for steering the antenna beam towards an area located outside of the vicinity of said potential victim device for eventually exchanging information within said first band of frequencies with at least a second wireless device located in said area.
  • said at least one potential victim device is adapted to operate within an interferer band of frequencies and said wireless device further comprises management means adapted to allow an exchange of information within a second band of frequencies excluding said interferer band of frequencies with at least a third wireless device located in the vicinity of said at least one potential victim device.
  • said at least one potential victim device operates within an interferer band of frequencies and said wireless device comprises management means adapted to stop any exchange of information within a third band of frequencies including said interferer band of frequencies with at least another wireless device located in the vicinity of said potential victim device during the operation of said potential victim device.
  • the wireless device may further comprises several transceiving chains all connected to said antenna array, and said antenna control means comprises several elementary antenna control means at least partially included within the transceiving chains and adapted to individually control said antenna array for eventually steering a signal going through a transceiver chain towards any direction, and at least two elementary antenna control means are adapted to individually control said antenna array through for simultaneously transmitting two signals having two different bands of frequencies towards respectively two selected directions.
  • Figure 1 discloses an example of a wireless communication device WAP1 belonging to a non-coordinated communication system such as a WLAN ("Wireless Local Area Network”) or a WPAN ("Wireless Personal Area Network”).
  • a WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
  • Such a wireless device WAP1 belongs for example to an OFDM based Ultra Wide Band Communication system.
  • the invention is not limited to such an example and can apply also for example to coordinated wireless systems like mobile radio systems or WIMAX systems or a WLAN in coordinated mode using an access point, more generally to any kind of wireless systems as for example CDMA, GSM systems or generalised multi-carrier (GMC) systems in which the carriers are not necessarily orthogonal.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • GSM generalised multi-carrier
  • WPAN MAC protocols have a distributed nature where there is no central coordinator terminal or base station to assign the medium access. There, in contrast to a mobile radio terminal, a WPAN transceiver has much higher flexibility to allocate the transmission slot and formats.
  • the allocation of the communication resources is a distributed process. The allocation to a specific time slot in the super frame can be modified from one superframe to the next.
  • the controlling entity is the WPAN-MAC layer of the communicating terminals. The allocation is based on the requested data rate and the type of service to be transmitted. Furthermore, the available resources are taken into account in the allocation process.
  • the MAC layer requests a reservation for a specific time slot or a number of time slots based on these constraints. These constraints can be split into local constraints, like the data rate to be transmitted or received and network wide constraints like the already existing slot reservation.
  • An example of distributed WPAN-MAC is MBOA MAC.
  • the proposed MBOA MAC standard draft is based on a UWB technology and is planed to be used in the frequency band between 3,1 and 10,7 GHz.
  • First implementations using the standard work in the frequency range between 3, 1 GHz and 5,0 GHz.
  • the wireless device WAP1 comprises conventionally an OFDM based UWB communication interface MCINT connected between an UWB application block MBLC and the air channel.
  • This communication interface comprises an UWB MAC layer clocked by a clock signal MCLK and connected to a PHY layer and to the UWB application block.
  • the man skilled in the art may refer to the High Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and MAC Standard, Standard ECMA-368, 1st edition, December 2005 , and to the MAC-PHY Interface for ECMA-368, Standard ECMA-369, 1st edition, December 2005 .
  • the MAC layer manages in particular the emission/reception of the UWB data stream and is incorporated by software in a control processor BB.
  • a band of frequencies used for the operation (transmission and/or reception) of the device WAP lies between 3,1 GHz and 4,8 GHz.
  • the frequency band is subdivided into three sub-bands SB1, SB2, SB3, called hopping sub-bands, which are mutually spaced. More precisely, there is a guard interval of 68 MHz between the lower limit (3,1 GHz) of the frequency band and the beginning of the first sub-band SB1 as well as a guard interval of 48 MHz between the end of the third sub-band SB3 and the upper limit (4.8 GHz) of the frequency band.
  • two adjacent sub-bands are spaced by a guard interval of 50MHz.
  • the allocation of the sub-bands during the transmission is made according to a predetermined hopping sequence.
  • the UWB device WAP1 is provided with an antenna array ANNR including here n antennas.
  • Each antenna is connected in the present example to the base band processor BB through controllable delay blocks DB1-DBn and through a common transmitting radio frequency stage and a common radio frequency receiving stage RF.
  • the delay blocks are controlled by the base-band processor in conjunction with the control of the used operational band in time and/or frequency and/or space.
  • the UWB device WAP1 While turning on, the UWB device WAP1 monitors the environment to see where other systems are located and on which frequency they operate. Then, the antenna beam is steered to reduce interference with incumbent systems operating on the same frequency as that of the UWB device.
  • Figures 3 and 4 depict more particularly an example of a spatial avoidance technique.
  • the UWB device WAP1 operates in a first frequency band BF1 which can be for example one of the three sub-bands of the MBOA sub-bands pattern.
  • the UWB device WAP1 analyses its environment in order to detect the eventual presence of a potential victim device XDVC or incumbent system (step 32).
  • a narrow band device adapted to operate in an interferer frequency band having for example a width of 20MGHz.
  • an interferer XDVC is considered as being a narrow band device.
  • a 20 MHz narrow band carrier which can be the width of the band of the interfering device corresponds to only 1,3 % of the used UWB spectrum of a MBOA based device and corresponds for example to an interfering sub-carrier group of 5 or 7 sub-carriers.
  • Said interferer may belong to a fix wireless system (FWA, fixed wireless access) like a WIMAX system.
  • FWA fix wireless system
  • a potential victim device belongs to a mobile radio system defined by a mobile radio standard like for example UMTS, GSM, CDMA, EDGE, beyond IMT-2000 systems, or to a fixed satellite system (FSS), or to a radar system used in radionavigation if the frequency band of the mobile radio system or the satellite system or the radar system is located within the frequency band of the device WAP 1.
  • an incumbent system XDVC has been detected in direction DR1, such incumbent system operating in an interferer band of frequency BFR included here within the first band of frequency BF1.
  • Another UWB device WAP2 operating within the first band of frequency BF1 has been also detected towards direction DR2.
  • Such UWB device WAP2 is accordingly in an area outside of the vicinity of the interferer (step 33).
  • the antenna array ARRN is controlled (step 34) in order to steer the antenna beam towards the UWB device WAP2 for exchanging information within the first band of frequency BF1.
  • both UWB devices WAP1, WAP2 and the incumbent system XDVC can operate in overlapping frequency bands since they are separated in the spatial domain.
  • UWB device WAP2 might have in fact an identical internal structure like the device WAP1.
  • Device WAP2 can also be a much simpler device without antenna array.
  • a simple backward compatibility can be achieved.
  • the wireless devices embodying some aspects of the invention can operate in an environment with wireless devices not deploying such aspects.
  • n radio chains as depicted in figure 5 .
  • These transceiving radio chains are connected to the same antenna array ARRN.
  • Each radio chain has it own phase control system so that n frequency bands can be simultaneous emitted and steered towards different directions.
  • each transmitter can steer its own signal into a wanted direction.
  • each transmitter can steer its own signal into a wanted direction.
  • individually controlling the antenna array through at least two different transceiving chains it is possible to simultaneously transmitted two signals having two different bands of frequencies towards respectively two selected directions.
  • the selected directions may be the same or different.
  • the antenna array ARRN is controlled (step 61) through a first transmission chain TRCH1 to steer the signal towards direction DR4 and antenna array is also controlled through a second transceiving chain TRCH2 to steer the radio beam towards direction DR5 which is here the same as direction DR4.
  • device WAP1 operates within a frequency band BF4 whereas device WAP3 operates within a frequency band BF5.
  • Both frequency bands BF4 and BF5 are for example different sub-bands of the MBOA sub-bands pattern.
  • the WAP 1 device's environment analysis 71 ( figure 7 ) reveals the presence in the direction DR2 of a wireless device WAP2 operating within frequency band BF2 and a wireless device WAP3 in the direction DR1 operating within frequency band BF3.
  • an incumbent system XDVC is also detected in direction DR1 operating within frequency band BFR.
  • the interferer XDVC is a narrow band device operating within the second sub-band SB2 of the MBOA hopping sub-bands, and for example frequency band BF3 is the second sub-band SB2.
  • a possible solution consists for devices WAP1 and devices WAP3 to exchange information within a band of frequency BF30 excluding the interferer frequency band BFR (step 75).
  • a solution consist for example in notching the second sub-band SB2 in order to obtain a notched sub-band corresponding to the frequency band BF30 which does not include the interferer band BFR.
  • Another possible solution consists in performing a frequency shifting of the sub-band SB2 as illustrated in figure 10 in order to obtain a shifted sub-band which does not include the interferer frequency band BFR.
  • Another possible solution consists in stopping (step 74, figure 7 ) information exchange between device WAP1 and device WAP3 within the frequency band BF31 or within frequency band BF3 which includes the interferer frequency band BFR.
  • UWB device WAP2 is located in the direction DR2, i.e. outside of the vicinity of the incumbent system XDVC, UWB device WAP1 exchanges information with UWB device WAP2 without any interference, although there is a frequency overlapping between frequency band BF2 and interferer frequency band BFR.
  • the wireless device WAP1 comprises a transmission chain TXCH and a reception chain RXCH ( figures 11 to 14 ). Both chains are connected to the several different antennas ANT1-ANTn of the antenna array ANBR through controllable delay blocks db1-dbn which permits to delay the signal with a constant in order to modify the phases ⁇ 1- ⁇ n of the corresponding signals.
  • the transmission chain TXCH comprises an encoder CC, for example a convolutional encoder, receiving data from source coding means and delivering a bits stream to puncturing means PM which delivers a punctured bits stream.
  • an encoder CC for example a convolutional encoder
  • the other means of the transmission chain are interleaving means ILM followed by mapping means MPM which map the bits into symbols according to a modulation mapping scheme depending on the kind of used modulation, for example a BPSK modulation or more generally a QAM modulation.
  • the symbols are then delivered to an OFDM modulator OFM which performs IFFT processing in order to associate each symbol to a sub-carrier and to form OFDM symbols.
  • Each sub-carrier is modulated in accordance with the value of the corresponding symbol.
  • the OFDM symbols delivered by the base band control processor BB are then processed in a conventional radio frequency stage RF before being transmitted on air through the antenna array ANRR.
  • the reception chain RXCH comprises means corresponding to the means of the transmission chain for performing inverse operations with respect to the operations performed by the means of the transmission chain.
  • the reception chain RXCH includes a receiving stage for receiving information carried by the sub-carriers and delivering received symbols from said received information.
  • the receiving stage includes in particular a radio frequency stage RF connected to the antenna array followed by a OFDM demodulator DOFM (FFT processing).
  • the reception chain contains also equalization means EQ followed by demapping means DMPM for demapping the received symbols according to the modulation scheme and delivering a punctured stream of soft bits to deinterleaver means DILM.
  • a soft bit for example a Log-Likelihood Ratio LLR, well-known by the man skilled in the art, has a sign representative of the estimation of the logical value (0 or 1) of the corresponding bit and a magnitude representative of the confidence in said estimation.
  • a soft bit which is coded on several hard bits may have theoretically a value comprised between - ⁇ and + ⁇ . And, the higher the magnitude is, the higher the confidence in the estimation is.
  • the bits are decoded in a decoder DCC.
  • the base band processor BB further comprises antenna control means CTLM adapted to adjust the phases of the different signals going through the antennas of the antenna array.
  • the antennas are omni directional antennas; it is possible by conventionally adjusting the different phases ⁇ i to steer the antenna beam towards n directions in order to scan n sectors of the space.
  • the device WAP1 comprises analysing means ALNM adapted to analyse the environment of the wireless device through said antenna array ARNN and to detect the eventual presence of at least one potential victim device operating within a given band of frequencies.
  • the analysing means ALNM may be also incorporated in the base band processor and realized for example by a software module.
  • the analyzing means can be implemented using the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) means available in the UWB device.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • One solution could consist in evaluating the SNRs on the different sub-carriers and based on a comparison between the average values with the peak values, interfered carriers can be identified.
  • Another solution could consist in measuring the energy on all the sub-carriers, then averaging this energy and then detecting whether or not the energy of one or several sub-carriers exceeds a threshold above this mean value.
  • Another solution could be based on the estimation of the variance of the channel estimation.
  • this device can adjust the direction of the antenna beam in order to avoid interferences with an incumbent system, by controlling the delay blocks DB1-DBn through the antenna control means CTLM.
  • the device WAP1 further comprises means DOAM adapted to determine the direction of arrivals (DoA) of other eventual signals emitted from eventual other devices located in the environment of the device WAP 1.
  • DoA direction of arrivals
  • DOAM may be for example means implementing a well-known ESPRIT or MUSIC algorithm.
  • the means DOAM deliver to the equalization means EQ a spatial energy distribution information which will permit to the base band processor to analyze the several directions in order to detect the presence of an eventual interferer as explained for example above.
  • the antenna control means located within the base band processor will then directly determined in the base band the several phases of the several signals to be transmitted through the antennas ANTi in order to steer the radio beam in the desired direction.
  • Management means adapted to stop any exchange of information within a given frequency band or to allow such an exchange within another given frequency band may be also incorporated in the UWB device, for example by a software module in the MAC layer.

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EP07109527A 2007-06-04 2007-06-04 UWB System mit Strahlformung und dynamischer Frequenzzuteilung Ceased EP2015462A1 (de)

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US12/128,716 US8774728B2 (en) 2007-06-04 2008-05-29 Method for managing the operation of a wireless device, in particular for reducing interferences with a potential victim device

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