EP2004507B1 - Closure system for container - Google Patents

Closure system for container Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2004507B1
EP2004507B1 EP07731255.1A EP07731255A EP2004507B1 EP 2004507 B1 EP2004507 B1 EP 2004507B1 EP 07731255 A EP07731255 A EP 07731255A EP 2004507 B1 EP2004507 B1 EP 2004507B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
cap
annular
face
closure system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07731255.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2004507A2 (en
Inventor
Michel Roussy
Vincent Loisel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe des Eaux Minerales dEvian SA SAEME
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Societe des Eaux Minerales dEvian SA SAEME
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Publication of EP2004507A2 publication Critical patent/EP2004507A2/en
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Publication of EP2004507B1 publication Critical patent/EP2004507B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • B65D1/023—Neck construction
    • B65D1/0246—Closure retaining means, e.g. beads, screw-threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/0407—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means
    • B65D41/0428—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means formed by a collar, flange, rib or the like contacting the top rim or the top edges or the external surface of a container neck

Definitions

  • the plug comprises a substantially circular upper wall from which extends downwards an annular skirt having a lower annular end and a radially inner face provided with a thread.
  • the ring has an annular apex forming the opening of the container, an annular flange projecting radially outwardly to a radial end face and a thread complementary to the thread of the plug arranged between the flange and the top of the ring. .
  • the invention aims to limit as much as possible contamination of the outer face of the ring by the external environment.
  • the present invention relates to a closure system as defined in claim 1.
  • This upper portion of the ring is to be protected in priority because it is possible that during the pouring of the liquid, it causes contaminants deposited near the top of the ring or that a user puts in contact this portion of the ring with his mouth while drinking from the neck.
  • this arrangement can be implemented quite easily since only the plug must undergo substantial changes compared to existing plugs. Indeed, it is usual on standardized rings and developed by mass production, to provide a collar annular with an inclined upper longitudinal face, which allows to place and retain a tamper band connected to the lower end of the cap by frangible bridges. It will also be noted that between the barrier thus formed and the usual sealing means of the stopper coming into contact with the top of the ring, there is obtained a rather large buffer zone which makes it possible to considerably slow the possible migration of contaminants towards these means. sealing.
  • this barrier is formed by a projecting member reduces the contact surface between the cap and the collar, and in any case limits this surface to the dimensions of the projecting member.
  • the contact pressures exerted by the support are relatively high and the protruding member is capable of deformation to better adjust to the collar. While in the case of extended surfaces, the contact pressure is low and a localized surface defect, for example on the inner face of the skirt, can create a passage through the barrier.
  • the force of such a support is insensitive to slight variations in the longitudinal position of the protruding member, therefore to a more or less important screwing of the plug, since the end face s' extends essentially in the longitudinal direction of the ring.
  • the skirt of the cap is capable of relatively large radial deformations, in any case significantly larger than in the longitudinal direction.
  • the projecting organ is better able to fulfill its function barrier despite certain variations in the outer diameter of the collar.
  • the closure system is as defined in claims 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 1 represents a simplified section of a closure system comprising two barrier members made according to the invention.
  • the ring 10 is in itself of known type, unless otherwise indicated later. It is preferably a standard ring, and in particular a ring with three threads, so that the implementation 7 of the invention requires almost no modification of the ring 10 and a minimum of modifications of the plug 20 .
  • the ring 10 has a radially outer annular face 15 with respect to the central axis Z of this ring.
  • a thread 16 extends over a longitudinal portion of the outer face 15 from a distance from the top. It is a thread with three threads staggered by 120 degrees which facilitates well known manner the screwing of the plug 20.
  • the threads (16a, 16b, 16c) have an asymmetrical profile, with a longitudinal face upper inclined to allow in known manner the mounting of the plug by fitting along the Z axis.
  • the ring 10 comprises an annular collar 17 located under the thread 16.
  • This collar is in the form of an annular protuberance protruding radially outwardly relative to the outer annular face 15. More specifically, the collar 17 has a face upper longitudinal axis 17a which is inclined downwards, that is to say which extends from the annular wall 14 forming generally an acute angle with a central axis Z.
  • the collar 17 also has an annular face of 17b substantially cylindrical end of diameter D17 and coaxial with the central axis Z, and a lower longitudinal face 17c extending substantially at right angles to the annular wall 14.
  • the radially inner face 24 of the skirt 22 has an annular bead 30 projecting towards the central axis Z.
  • the bead 30 presents in the mode of embodiment shown, a constant circumferential profile in a semicircle arranged so that the top of the bead 30, that is to say the point closest to the central axis Z, is located in the center of this semicircle.
  • the bead 30 is arranged on the inner face 24 and has a determined inside diameter, measured between the apex of two diametrically opposite points, so that the bead 30 bears against the entire periphery of the flange 17 of FIG. the ring. More particularly in the embodiment shown, the circular line defined by the top of the bead 30 comes against the end face 17b of the flange.
  • the bead 30 is arranged in a plane transverse to the central axis Z and adjacent to the lower annular end 22b of the skirt, in order to protect a maximum height of the upper portion of the ring 10.
  • the inner diameter of the bead 30 is less than the outer diameter D17 measured on the end face 17b of the flange, when the cap 20 is not mounted on the ring.
  • the force of the support is then exerted in a radial direction, and is therefore insensitive to the longitudinal position of the top of the bead 30 against the radial end face 17b of the collar.
  • the inside diameter of the bead 30 is, however, chosen so as to generate only an elastic deformation of the skirt, and so as not to create a force of unscrewing or excessive screwing.
  • the base of the lip 34 is located in the extension of the inner face 24 of the skirt and extends, in the undeformed state, in the extension of the upper part of this face, but is shifted internally with respect to the portion of this inner face facing this lip 34 which is therefore salient.
  • the lip 34 thus has a cylindrical shape coaxial with the central axis Z.
  • a peripheral recess 35 is formed in the skirt 22 opposite the lip 34 and to the outside of it.
  • the lip made according to this preferred embodiment has the advantage of having a radial size, that is to say a minimum internal diameter D34 in the undeformed state, which substantially corresponds to the diameter of the inner face 24 of the plug. This inner diameter D34 is greater than the maximum outside diameter D16 of the thread 16 of the plug. Thus, it is avoided that the lip 34 is damaged by the threading 16 of the ring during assembly.
  • the embodiment shown is in no way limiting.
  • Other shapes and arrangements of the barrier members (30,34) are possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un système de fermeture pour récipient comprenant un bouchon et une bague définissant une ouverture d'un récipient, qui sont adaptés pour coopérer par vissage pour fermer de manière étanche l'ouverture.The present invention relates to a closure system for a container comprising a stopper and a ring defining an opening of a container, which are adapted to cooperate by screwing to seal the opening.

Plus particulièrement, le bouchon comprend une paroi supérieure sensiblement circulaire à partir de laquelle s'étend vers le bas une jupe annulaire présentant une extrémité annulaire inférieure et une face radialement intérieure munie d'un filetage. La bague présente un sommet annulaire formant l'ouverture du récipient, une collerette annulaire faisant saillie radialement vers l'extérieur jusqu'à une face d'extrémité radiale et un filetage complémentaire au filetage du bouchon agencé entre la collerette et le sommet de la bague.More particularly, the plug comprises a substantially circular upper wall from which extends downwards an annular skirt having a lower annular end and a radially inner face provided with a thread. The ring has an annular apex forming the opening of the container, an annular flange projecting radially outwardly to a radial end face and a thread complementary to the thread of the plug arranged between the flange and the top of the ring. .

Des systèmes de fermeture de ce type sont très répandus, notamment sous forme de bouchons à trois filets pour la fermeture des bouteilles de boisson. Ces bouchons sont habituellement munis de moyens d'étanchéité coopérant avec la bague. Par exemple, il peut s'agir d'une lèvre annulaire du bouchon venant en contact avec la portion supérieure interne de la bague, couramment appelée lèvre intérieure, et/ou d'une lèvre extérieure venant coopérer de manière étanche avec la périphérie extérieure du sommet de la bague. Avec de tels systèmes à lèvre, on obtient une étanchéité a priori totalement satisfaisante, puisqu'en soumettant le récipient à une différence de pression importante avec l'extérieur, on ne constate aucune perte de liquide ou entrée de gaz, même après plusieurs heures de tests.Closure systems of this type are widely used, in particular in the form of three-fillet plugs for closing the beverage bottles. These plugs are usually provided with sealing means cooperating with the ring. For example, it may be an annular lip of the cap coming into contact with the inner upper portion of the ring, commonly called the inner lip, and / or an outer lip sealingly cooperating with the outer periphery of the top of the ring. With such lip systems, a completely satisfactory seal is obtained, since by subjecting the container to a significant pressure difference with the outside, no loss of liquid or gas inlet is observed, even after several hours of operation. tests.

Néanmoins, il a été découvert récemment que, dans certaines conditions et notamment au cours d'un transport particulièrement long au cours duquel les récipients sont soumis à des intempéries, la face radialement extérieure de la bague pouvait être souillée jusqu'au niveau du filetage par des contaminants chimiques et/ou microbiologiques. Bien qu'aucun incident sanitaire signalé à ce jour ne pourrait s'expliquer par la découverte de cette possibilité de contamination, il apparaît préférable de limiter celle-ci.Nevertheless, it has recently been discovered that under certain conditions and in particular during a particularly long transport during which the containers are exposed to weather, the radially outer face of the ring could be contaminated to the thread level by chemical and / or microbiological contaminants. Although no health incident reported to date can be explained by the discovery of this possibility of contamination, it seems preferable to limit it.

Il est connu, par le document JP 56 160242 U , un bouchon ayant, à l'opposé de la paroi supérieure, une extrémité inférieure pourvue d'une lèvre d'étanchéité venue de matière avec la jupe. Dans la position de fermeture du bouchon, cette lèvre d'étanchéité est en contact radial avec une paroi externe cylindrique située sous le filetage de la bague du récipient.It is known, by the document JP 56 160242 U , a cap having, opposite the upper wall, a lower end provided with a sealing lip integral with the skirt. In the closed position of the plug, this sealing lip is in radial contact with a cylindrical outer wall located under the thread of the ring of the container.

L'invention a pour but de limiter autant que possible les contaminations de la face extérieure de la bague par l'environnement extérieur.The invention aims to limit as much as possible contamination of the outer face of the ring by the external environment.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un système de fermeture tel que défini dans la revendication 1.For this purpose, the present invention relates to a closure system as defined in claim 1.

Ainsi, on forme deux barrières entre la bague et le bouchon au niveau de la collerette, ce qui préserve la portion de la face extérieure de la bague située au-dessus de la collerette, des contaminants extérieurs.Thus, two barriers are formed between the ring and the cap at the collar, which preserves the portion of the outer face of the ring located above the collar, external contaminants.

Cette portion supérieure de la bague est à protéger en priorité car il est possible que lors du versage du liquide, celui-ci entraîne des contaminants déposés à proximité du sommet de la bague ou encore qu'un utilisateur mette en contact cette portion de la bague avec sa bouche en buvant au goulot. On notera que cette disposition peut être mise en oeuvre assez facilement étant donné que seul le bouchon doit subir des modifications substantielles par rapport aux bouchons existants. En effet, il est habituel sur les bagues standardisées et mises au point par une production en grande série, de prévoir une collerette annulaire avec une face longitudinale supérieure inclinée, qui permet de placer puis de retenir une bande d'inviolabilité reliée à l'extrémité inférieure du bouchon par des pontets frangibles. On notera également qu'on obtient entre la barrière ainsi formée et les moyens d'étanchéité usuels du bouchon venant en contact avec le sommet de la bague, une zone tampon assez étendue qui permet de ralentir considérablement la migration éventuelle de contaminants vers ces moyens d'étanchéité.This upper portion of the ring is to be protected in priority because it is possible that during the pouring of the liquid, it causes contaminants deposited near the top of the ring or that a user puts in contact this portion of the ring with his mouth while drinking from the neck. Note that this arrangement can be implemented quite easily since only the plug must undergo substantial changes compared to existing plugs. Indeed, it is usual on standardized rings and developed by mass production, to provide a collar annular with an inclined upper longitudinal face, which allows to place and retain a tamper band connected to the lower end of the cap by frangible bridges. It will also be noted that between the barrier thus formed and the usual sealing means of the stopper coming into contact with the top of the ring, there is obtained a rather large buffer zone which makes it possible to considerably slow the possible migration of contaminants towards these means. sealing.

On comprendra que le fait que cette barrière soit formée par un organe saillant réduit la surface de contact entre le bouchon et la collerette, et en tout cas limite cette surface aux dimensions de l'organe saillant. Ainsi, les pressions de contact exercées par l'appui sont relativement élevées et l'organe saillant est susceptible de déformation pour mieux s'ajuster à la collerette. Tandis que dans le cas de surfaces étendues, la pression de contact est faible et un défaut de surface localisé, par exemple sur la face intérieure de la jupe, peut créer un passage à travers la barrière.It will be understood that the fact that this barrier is formed by a projecting member reduces the contact surface between the cap and the collar, and in any case limits this surface to the dimensions of the projecting member. Thus, the contact pressures exerted by the support are relatively high and the protruding member is capable of deformation to better adjust to the collar. While in the case of extended surfaces, the contact pressure is low and a localized surface defect, for example on the inner face of the skirt, can create a passage through the barrier.

Par ailleurs, le fait que l'appui est exercé selon une direction sensiblement radiale sur la face d'extrémité de la collerette, y compris les limites supérieure et inférieure de cette face, améliore aussi les garanties d'étanchéité de la barrière. D'une part, la force d'un tel appui est peu sensible à des faibles variations de la position longitudinale de l'organe saillant, donc à un vissage plus ou moins important du bouchon, étant donné que la face d'extrémité s'étend essentiellement selon la direction longitudinale de la bague. D'autre part, la jupe du bouchon est susceptible de déformations radiales relativement importantes, en tout cas nettement plus importantes que selon la direction longitudinale. Aussi, l'organe saillant est mieux à même de remplir sa fonction de barrière malgré certaines variations du diamètre extérieur de la collerette.Furthermore, the fact that the support is exerted in a substantially radial direction on the end face of the flange, including the upper and lower limits of this face, also improves the guarantees of tightness of the barrier. On the one hand, the force of such a support is insensitive to slight variations in the longitudinal position of the protruding member, therefore to a more or less important screwing of the plug, since the end face s' extends essentially in the longitudinal direction of the ring. On the other hand, the skirt of the cap is capable of relatively large radial deformations, in any case significantly larger than in the longitudinal direction. Also, the projecting organ is better able to fulfill its function barrier despite certain variations in the outer diameter of the collar.

Selon une particularité, le système de fermeture est tel que défini dans les revendications 2 à 4.According to one feature, the closure system is as defined in claims 2 to 4.

Dans des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention, on a recours, en outre, à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :

  • la lèvre annulaire s'étend essentiellement vers le bas et de préférence dans le prolongement de la face intérieure de la jupe ; ceci permet de limiter l'encombrement radial de l'organe formant barrière et d'éviter une interférence avec le filetage de la bague lors de la mise en place du bouchon ;
  • un évidement périphérique est formé dans la jupe du bouchon en regard de la lèvre annulaire et extérieurement par rapport à celle-ci ; ceci permet d'augmenter le débattement radial élastique de la lèvre pour assurer un appui de celle-ci contre la collerette malgré les tolérances de fabrication ;
  • la collerette présente une face longitudinale supérieure reliant la bague à la face d'extrémité radiale, lesdites faces supérieure et d'extrémité étant reliées par un profil sensiblement en arc de cercle.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, use is further made of one and / or the other of the following provisions:
  • the annular lip extends substantially downwards and preferably in the extension of the inner face of the skirt; this makes it possible to limit the radial size of the barrier member and to avoid interference with the threading of the ring when the plug is put in place;
  • a peripheral recess is formed in the skirt of the stopper facing the annular lip and externally with respect thereto; this makes it possible to increase the elastic radial displacement of the lip to ensure a support thereof against the flange despite manufacturing tolerances;
  • the flange has an upper longitudinal face connecting the ring to the radial end face, said upper and end faces being connected by a substantially arcuate profile.

Selon une autre particularité, le système de fermeture est tel que défini dans les revendications 8 à 11.According to another feature, the closure system is as defined in claims 8 to 11.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence à la figure 1 qui représente une coupe simplifiée d'un système de fermeture comprenant deux organes formant barrière réalisés selon l'invention.Other characteristics and advantages will emerge from the following description, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the figure 1 which represents a simplified section of a closure system comprising two barrier members made according to the invention.

A la figure 1, est représenté un système de fermeture 1 comprenant une bague 10 et un bouchon 20. La bague 10 présente un sommet annulaire 11 qui définit l'ouverture d'un récipient non présenté, mais qui s'étend à partir d'une extrémité inférieure annulaire 12 de la bague 10 et peut être réalisé de toute manière connue. A titre d'exemple, ce récipient peut être formé par thermosouflage d'une préforme en PET incluant la bague et formé en une seule pièce avec celle-ci.To the figure 1 , there is shown a closure system 1 comprising a ring 10 and a plug 20. The ring 10 has an annular apex 11 which defines the opening of a container not shown but which extends from a annular lower end 12 of the ring 10 and can be made in any known manner. For example, this container may be formed by heat-sealing a PET preform including the ring and formed in one piece therewith.

La bague 10 est en elle-même de type connu, sauf indication contraire par la suite. Il s'agit de préférence d'une bague standard, et notamment une bague à trois filets, de manière à ce que la mise en oeuvre 7 de l'invention nécessite quasiment aucune modification de la bague 10 et un minimum de modifications du bouchon 20.The ring 10 is in itself of known type, unless otherwise indicated later. It is preferably a standard ring, and in particular a ring with three threads, so that the implementation 7 of the invention requires almost no modification of the ring 10 and a minimum of modifications of the plug 20 .

La bague 10 est formée d'une paroi annulaire cylindrique 14 s'étendant selon un axe central Z du sommet annulaire 11 à l'extrémité inférieure 12. Il est possible de prévoir des variations d'épaisseur de cette paroi annulaire 14 ou des décrochements dans celle-ci, notamment à proximité du sommet annulaire 11 pour économiser de la matière plastique ou pour des raisons d'étanchéité. Par exemple, la périphérie intérieure du sommet 11 de la bague présente un décrochement 14a de sorte que cette périphérie intérieure est décalée radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport au prolongement de la paroi 14. Cette disposition permet d'éviter qu'un défaut, par exemple provoqué par un choc sur le sommet 11, ne s'étende au-delà du diamètre intérieur de la bague et ne vienne ensuite interférer avec une lèvre d'étanchéité.The ring 10 is formed of a cylindrical annular wall 14 extending along a central axis Z from the annular apex 11 to the lower end 12. It is possible to provide variations in the thickness of this annular wall 14 or recesses in this, in particular near the annular top 11 to save plastic or for sealing reasons. For example, the inner periphery of the top 11 of the ring has a recess 14a so that this inner periphery is offset radially outwardly relative to the extension of the wall 14. This arrangement makes it possible to prevent a defect, for example by example caused by a shock on the top 11, extends beyond the inner diameter of the ring and then comes to interfere with a sealing lip.

La bague 10 présente une face annulaire radialement extérieure 15 par rapport à l'axe central Z de cette bague. Un filetage 16 s'étend sur une portion longitudinale de la face extérieure 15 à partir d'une certaine distance du sommet. Il s'agit d'un filetage à trois filets décalés de 120 degrés qui facilite de manière bien connue le vissage du bouchon 20. Les filets (16a, 16b, 16c) présentent un profil dissymétrique, avec une face longitudinale supérieure inclinée pour permettre de manière connue le montage du bouchon par emmanchement selon l'axe Z.The ring 10 has a radially outer annular face 15 with respect to the central axis Z of this ring. A thread 16 extends over a longitudinal portion of the outer face 15 from a distance from the top. It is a thread with three threads staggered by 120 degrees which facilitates well known manner the screwing of the plug 20. The threads (16a, 16b, 16c) have an asymmetrical profile, with a longitudinal face upper inclined to allow in known manner the mounting of the plug by fitting along the Z axis.

La bague 10 comporte une collerette annulaire 17 située sous le filetage 16. Cette collerette se présente sous forme d'une protubérance annulaire faisant saillie radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport à la face annulaire extérieure 15. Plus précisément, la collerette 17 présente une face longitudinale supérieure 17a qui est inclinée vers le bas, c'est-à-dire qui s'étend à partir de la paroi annulaire 14 en formant globalement un angle aigu avec un axe central Z. La collerette 17 présente également une face annulaire d'extrémité 17b sensiblement cylindrique de diamètre D17 et coaxiale à l'axe central Z, ainsi qu'une face longitudinale inférieure 17c s'étendant sensiblement à angles droits par rapport à la paroi annulaire 14. Une collerette de ce type est habituellement prévue pour coopérer avec une bande d'inviolabilité liée au bouchon, la face longitudinale supérieure inclinée 17a permettant le passage d'ergots de retenue de la bande d'inviolabilité et la face longitudinale inférieure formant un organe de retenue de cette bande. La collerette 17 est souvent dénommée collerette d'inviolabilité de par cette fonction. A distance de la collerette 17, est formée de manière habituelle une deuxième collerette 18 dont la face longitudinale inférieure 18c est généralement utilisée comme référence pour définir l'extrémité inférieure 12 de la bague 10. Cette deuxième collerette 18 généralement de diamètre extérieur plus important et de hauteur plus faible, sert au transport des bouteilles.The ring 10 comprises an annular collar 17 located under the thread 16. This collar is in the form of an annular protuberance protruding radially outwardly relative to the outer annular face 15. More specifically, the collar 17 has a face upper longitudinal axis 17a which is inclined downwards, that is to say which extends from the annular wall 14 forming generally an acute angle with a central axis Z. The collar 17 also has an annular face of 17b substantially cylindrical end of diameter D17 and coaxial with the central axis Z, and a lower longitudinal face 17c extending substantially at right angles to the annular wall 14. A collar of this type is usually provided to cooperate with a cap-related tamper-evident band, the inclined upper longitudinal face 17a allowing the passage of retaining lugs of the tamper-evident band and the lower longitudinal face forming a retaining member of this band. The flange 17 is often called tamper flange by this function. At a distance from the flange 17, a second flange 18 is conventionally formed, the lower longitudinal face 18c of which is generally used as a reference for defining the lower end 12 of the ring 10. This second flange 18, generally of larger outside diameter, of lower height, used to transport bottles.

On notera que dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la base des filets (16a, 16b, 16c) s'étend à partir de la collerette 17, et plus précisément que la base de ces filets prend naissance dans la face longitudinale supérieure 17a, comme cela est visible à gauche de la figure 1 pour le filet 16a. D'autre part, les filets s'étendent avantageusement sur un secteur angulaire important, de l'ordre de 180 à 230 degrés, au lieu des 120 à 140 degrés habituellement prévus sur les bagues à trois filets. Ceci a l'avantage d'augmenter le recouvrement entre chacun des filets (16a, 16b, 16c) et ainsi d'augmenter la longueur linéaire de l'espace radial séparant les filets 16 de la bague 10 et des filets complémentaires du bouchon, espace nécessaire pour absorber les tolérances de fabrication entre la bague 10 et le bouchon 20. Il est prévu de ralentir ainsi la migration d'éventuels contaminants le long du filetage 16 vers le sommet 11 de la bague 10.Note that in the embodiment shown, the base of the threads (16a, 16b, 16c) extends from the collar 17, and more precisely that the base of these threads originates in the upper longitudinal face 17a, as this is visible to the left of the figure 1 for the net 16a. On the other hand, the threads advantageously extend over a large angular sector, of the order of 180 to 230 degrees, instead of the 120 to 140 degrees usually provided on the three-threaded rings. This has the advantage of increasing the overlap between each of the threads (16a, 16b, 16c) and thus increasing the linear length of the radial space between the threads 16 of the ring 10 and complementary threads of the stopper, space necessary to absorb manufacturing tolerances between the ring 10 and the plug 20. It is expected to slow down the migration of possible contaminants along the threading 16 to the top 11 of the ring 10.

Dans ce but, il est également possible de prévoir que le filetage 16 présente un pas effectif réduit par rapport à ceux habituellement utilisés, par exemple un pas effectif compris entre 5 et 12 millimètres, et de préférence de 8 millimètres, pour augmenter encore la longueur des filets (16a-16c) et par conséquent leur recouvrement angulaire. Toutefois, ceci implique une modification sensible de la bague et se fait au détriment de la compatibilité avec des bouchons existants. Le bouchon 20 présente une paroi supérieure 21, de forme circulaire et sensiblement plane et une jupe annulaire périphérique 22 qui s'étend vers le bas à partir de la périphérie de la face supérieure 21. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le bouchon 20 présente donc une forme extérieure sensiblement cylindrique, mais il est parfaitement possible d'adopter des formes plus complexes, par exemple pour améliorer l'aspect esthétique du bouchon ou former des organes de préhension sur une face annulaire extérieure 23 de la jupe 22.For this purpose, it is also possible to provide that the threading 16 has a reduced effective pitch compared to those usually used, for example an effective pitch of between 5 and 12 millimeters, and preferably of 8 millimeters, to further increase the length threads (16a-16c) and therefore their angular overlap. However, this implies a significant modification of the ring and is at the expense of compatibility with existing plugs. The plug 20 has an upper wall 21 of circular and substantially flat shape and a peripheral annular skirt 22 which extends downwardly from the periphery of the upper face 21. In the embodiment shown, the plug 20 presents therefore a substantially cylindrical outer shape, but it is perfectly possible to adopt more complex shapes, for example to improve the aesthetic appearance of the cap or to form gripping members on an outer annular face 23 of the skirt 22.

La jupe 22 du bouchon présente une face annulaire radialement intérieure 24 à partir de laquelle un filetage 26 fait saillie radialement vers l'intérieur. Bien entendu, le filetage 26 est complémentaire au filetage 16 de la bague pour coopérer par vissage avec celui-ci et agencé de manière à ce que le bouchon 20 puisse être vissé jusqu'à ce que la face intérieure 25 de la paroi supérieure 21 vienne en appui contre le sommet 11 de la bague 10.The skirt 22 of the plug has a radially inner annular face 24 from which a thread 26 projects radially inwards. Of course, the threading 26 is complementary to the threading 16 of the ring to cooperate by screwing with it and arranged so that the cap 20 can be screwed until the inner face 25 of the upper wall 21 bears against the top 11 of the ring 10.

Une lèvre annulaire 28, dite intérieure, s'étend vers le bas à partir de la paroi supérieure 21 du bouchon et présente un profil circonférentiel adapté pour venir en contact avec l'intérieur de la paroi annulaire 14 de la bague et former ainsi un premier moyen d'étanchéité comme cela est connu. On notera que le profil de la lèvre 28 est choisi pour venir en contact en dessous du décrochement 14a formé au sommet 11. Ainsi, si la périphérie intérieure du sommet annulaire 11 présente un défaut, celui-ci n'interfère pas avec la lèvre intérieure 28 et le contact étanche de cette lèvre avec la bague est préservé.An annular lip 28, said inner, extends downwardly from the upper wall 21 of the plug and has a circumferential profile adapted to come into contact with the inside of the annular wall 14 of the ring and thus form a first sealing means as is known. Note that the profile of the lip 28 is chosen to come into contact below the recess 14a formed at the top 11. Thus, if the inner periphery of the annular top 11 has a defect, it does not interfere with the inner lip. 28 and the sealed contact of this lip with the ring is preserved.

Une lèvre annulaire 27, dite extérieure, s'étend également vers le bas à partir de la paroi supérieure 21, mais présente un diamètre supérieur à la lèvre intérieure 28 de manière à venir en appui contre la périphérie extérieure du sommet 11 de la bague. La lèvre extérieure 27 forme un deuxième moyen d'étanchéité empêchant la sortie du liquide contenu dans le récipient et l'entrée d'air. Bien que non représenté sur la figure 1 par souci, de simplification, il faut noter que le bouchon 20 est normalement muni d'une bande d'inviolabilité située dans le prolongement de la jupe 22 et reliée à l'extrémité annulaire inférieure 22b de celle-ci par des pontets frangibles. Cette bague d'inviolabilité comporte de manière connue des ergots faisant saillie vers l'axe central Z, et adaptés pour venir en prise avec la face longitudinale inférieure 17c de la collerette 17.An annular lip 27, said outer, also extends downwardly from the upper wall 21, but has a diameter greater than the inner lip 28 so as to bear against the outer periphery of the top 11 of the ring. The outer lip 27 forms a second sealing means preventing the exit of the liquid contained in the container and the air inlet. Although not represented on the figure 1 for the sake of simplification, it should be noted that the plug 20 is normally provided with a tamper evident strip located in the extension of the skirt 22 and connected to the lower annular end 22b thereof by frangible bridges. This tamper-evident ring comprises, in known manner, lugs projecting towards the central axis Z, and adapted to engage the lower longitudinal face 17c of the flange 17.

La face radialement intérieure 24 de la jupe 22 présente un bourrelet annulaire 30 faisant saillie vers l'axe central Z. Le bourrelet 30 présente dans le mode de réalisation représenté, un profil circonférentiel constant en demi-cercle agencé de sorte que le sommet du bourrelet 30, c'est-à-dire le point le plus proche de l'axe central Z, soit situé au centre de ce demi-cercle. Le bourrelet 30 est agencé sur la face intérieure 24 et présente un diamètre intérieur déterminé, mesuré entre le sommet de deux points diamétralement opposés, de manière à ce que le bourrelet 30 vienne en appui contre l'ensemble de la périphérie de la collerette 17 de la bague. Plus particulièrement dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la ligne circulaire définie par le sommet du bourrelet 30 vient contre la face d'extrémité 17b de la collerette. Cet appui est réalisé de préférence en créant une déformation élastique radiale de la jupe 22 du bouchon 20 pour que la pression exercée par le bourrelet 30 sur la collerette 17 soit significative et éviter la formation de jours entre ceux-ci. Ceci permet aussi à la jupe 22 du bouchon 20 d'absorber certaines variations du diamètre extérieur de la collerette 17. Le bourrelet 30 constitue ainsi un premier organe formant barrière entre le bouchon 20 et la bague 10, ce qui permet de limiter fortement, voire de supprimer la pénétration de contaminants extérieurs dans l'espace compris entre la face radicalement extérieure 15 de la bague " et la face radialement intérieure 24 du bouchon.The radially inner face 24 of the skirt 22 has an annular bead 30 projecting towards the central axis Z. The bead 30 presents in the mode of embodiment shown, a constant circumferential profile in a semicircle arranged so that the top of the bead 30, that is to say the point closest to the central axis Z, is located in the center of this semicircle. The bead 30 is arranged on the inner face 24 and has a determined inside diameter, measured between the apex of two diametrically opposite points, so that the bead 30 bears against the entire periphery of the flange 17 of FIG. the ring. More particularly in the embodiment shown, the circular line defined by the top of the bead 30 comes against the end face 17b of the flange. This support is preferably performed by creating a radial elastic deformation of the skirt 22 of the cap 20 so that the pressure exerted by the bead 30 on the collar 17 is significant and avoid the formation of days between them. This also allows the skirt 22 of the cap 20 to absorb certain variations in the outer diameter of the collar 17. The bead 30 thus constitutes a first barrier member between the plug 20 and the ring 10, which allows to limit strongly or to eliminate the penetration of external contaminants in the space between the radically outer face 15 of the ring "and the radially inner face 24 of the plug.

Plus particulièrement, le bourrelet 30 est agencé dans un plan transversal à l'axe central Z et de manière adjacente à l'extrémité annulaire inférieure 22b de la jupe, afin de protéger une hauteur maximale de la portion supérieure de la bague 10. Dans le but de réaliser un appui sous une contrainte de déformation élastique, il est prévu que le diamètre intérieur du bourrelet 30 soit inférieur au diamètre extérieur D17 mesuré sur la face d'extrémité 17b de la collerette, lorsque le bouchon 20 n'est pas monté sur la bague. Lors du montage du bouchon 20, le bourrelet 30 vient en contact avec la face longitudinale supérieure 17a de la collerette, la portion inférieure de la jupe 22 subit une déformation radiale vers l'extérieur, et une fois le bouchon en place, sa jupe 22 a une forme très légèrement évasée vers le bas, comme cela est visible à la figure 1. La force de l'appui est alors exercée selon une direction radiale, et est donc peu sensible à la position longitudinale du sommet du bourrelet 30 contre la face d'extrémité radiale 17b de la collerette. Le diamètre intérieur du bourrelet 30 est toutefois choisi de manière à engendrer uniquement une déformation élastique de la jupe, et de manière à ne pas créer un effort de dévissage ou de vissage excessif.More particularly, the bead 30 is arranged in a plane transverse to the central axis Z and adjacent to the lower annular end 22b of the skirt, in order to protect a maximum height of the upper portion of the ring 10. In the purpose of making a support under elastic strain stress, it is expected that the inner diameter of the bead 30 is less than the outer diameter D17 measured on the end face 17b of the flange, when the cap 20 is not mounted on the ring. When mounting the plug 20, the bead 30 comes into contact with the upper longitudinal face 17a of the flange, the lower portion of the skirt 22 undergoes radial deformation towards the outside, and once the plug in place, its skirt 22 has a shape slightly flared downwards, as is visible in the figure 1 . The force of the support is then exerted in a radial direction, and is therefore insensitive to the longitudinal position of the top of the bead 30 against the radial end face 17b of the collar. The inside diameter of the bead 30 is, however, chosen so as to generate only an elastic deformation of the skirt, and so as not to create a force of unscrewing or excessive screwing.

On notera que la face longitudinale supérieure 17a est reliée à la face d'extrémité 17b de la collerette 17 par un profil en arc de cercle, et non pas par un angle vif. Ceci, afin de faciliter le glissement du bourrelet 30 contre ces faces (17a, 17b), glissement facilité par le profil en demi-cercle du bourrelet, et afin d'éviter une détérioration du bourrelet. Toutefois, il est parfaitement envisageable de prévoir un profil différent pour le bourrelet 30, par exemple un profil en coin.It will be noted that the upper longitudinal face 17a is connected to the end face 17b of the flange 17 by an arcuate profile, and not by a sharp angle. This, in order to facilitate the sliding of the bead 30 against these faces (17a, 17b), facilitated sliding by the profile in a semicircle of the bead, and to prevent deterioration of the bead. However, it is perfectly possible to provide a different profile for the bead 30, for example a corner profile.

La jupe 22 du bouchon présente également une lèvre annulaire 34 qui est élastiquement déformable et agencée sur la face intérieure 24 de manière à venir en appui avec la collerette 17. De manière analogue au bourrelet 30, cet appui est réalisé sous déformation élastique de la lèvre 34 pour obtenir un appui continu sur toute la périphérie de la collerette 17 et ainsi constituer un deuxième organe formant une barrière efficace aux contaminants extérieurs.The skirt 22 of the cap also has an annular lip 34 which is elastically deformable and arranged on the inner face 24 so as to bear with the flange 17. In a similar manner to the bead 30, this support is performed under elastic deformation of the lip 34 to obtain a continuous support on the entire periphery of the flange 17 and thus constitute a second member forming an effective barrier to external contaminants.

Comme cela apparaît à la figure 1, la base de la lèvre 34 est située dans le prolongement de la face intérieure 24 de la jupe et s'étend, à l'état non déformé, dans le prolongement de la partie supérieure de cette face, mais est décalée intérieurement par rapport à la portion de cette face intérieure en regard de cette lèvre 34 qui est donc saillante. La lèvre 34 présente donc une forme cylindrique coaxiale à l'axe central Z. Afin de ménager un espace pour une déformation radialement extérieure de la lèvre, un évidement périphérique 35 est formé dans la jupe 22 en regard de la lèvre 34 et à l'extérieur de celle-ci. La lèvre réalisée selon ce mode préféré a l'avantage de présenter un encombrement radial, c'est-à-dire un diamètre minimal intérieur D34 à l'état non déformé, qui correspond sensiblement au diamètre de la face intérieure 24 du bouchon. Ce diamètre intérieur D34 est supérieur au diamètre extérieur maximal D16 du filetage 16 du bouchon. Ainsi, on évite que la lèvre 34 ne soit endommagée par le filetage 16 de la bague lors du montage.As it appears in figure 1 , the base of the lip 34 is located in the extension of the inner face 24 of the skirt and extends, in the undeformed state, in the extension of the upper part of this face, but is shifted internally with respect to the portion of this inner face facing this lip 34 which is therefore salient. The lip 34 thus has a cylindrical shape coaxial with the central axis Z. In order to provide a space for a radially outer deformation of the lip, a peripheral recess 35 is formed in the skirt 22 opposite the lip 34 and to the outside of it. The lip made according to this preferred embodiment has the advantage of having a radial size, that is to say a minimum internal diameter D34 in the undeformed state, which substantially corresponds to the diameter of the inner face 24 of the plug. This inner diameter D34 is greater than the maximum outside diameter D16 of the thread 16 of the plug. Thus, it is avoided that the lip 34 is damaged by the threading 16 of the ring during assembly.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la lèvre 34 vient en contact avec la collerette 17 au niveau de la face latérale intérieure de la lèvre et contre l'extrémité supérieure de la face d'extrémité 17b de la collerette. La direction de la force exercée par cet appui est donc plus ou moins inclinée par rapport à une direction radiale, selon le diamètre et la forme de la partie supérieure de la collerette 17. Il est néanmoins possible que le contact avec la collerette 17 soit réalisé au niveau de l'extrémité libre de la lèvre. Dans ce cas, il est possible de prévoir un profil particulier pour l'extrémité libre de la lèvre 34, par exemple un profil en biseau pour garantir un positionnement correct.In the embodiment shown, the lip 34 comes into contact with the flange 17 at the inner side face of the lip and against the upper end of the end face 17b of the flange. The direction of the force exerted by this support is therefore more or less inclined with respect to a radial direction, according to the diameter and the shape of the upper part of the flange 17. It is nevertheless possible that the contact with the flange 17 is realized at the free end of the lip. In this case, it is possible to provide a particular profile for the free end of the lip 34, for example a bevelled profile to ensure correct positioning.

D'autre part, il serait envisageable que la lèvre 34 prenne une configuration sensiblement différente, et par exemple être inclinée vers l'axe central Z, voire sensiblement perpendiculaire à cet axe, et subir une déformation radiale vers l'intérieur lorsque le bouchon atteint la position de fermeture représentée à la figure 1. Néanmoins, dans de telles configurations, la lèvre présenterait un encombrement radial sensiblement plus important qui pourrait nuire au positionnement ou vissage du bouchon, ou nécessiter des modifications plus importantes du bouchon.On the other hand, it would be conceivable for the lip 34 to assume a substantially different configuration, and for example to be inclined towards the central axis Z, or even substantially perpendicular to this axis, and to undergo a radial deformation towards the inside when the plug reaches the closed position represented at the figure 1 . Nevertheless, in such configurations, the lip would have a substantially larger radial size which could adversely affect the positioning or screwing of the plug, or require greater modifications of the plug.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, on a donc deux organes (30, 34) formant barrière aux contaminants extérieurs agencés à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure 22b du bouchon. De plus ces organes structurellement sensiblement différents, le bourrelet 30 et la lèvre 34, présentent chacun des avantages différents au niveau des risques d'endommagement et des qualités d'étanchéité. Cette double barrière permet donc de diminuer très fortement les risques de contamination. Par ailleurs, on obtient un effet combiné avec les moyens d'étanchéité formés par les lèvres intérieure et extérieure (27, 28) qui bloquent toute entrée de gaz par l'orifice de la bouteille. Les organes formant barrière (30, 34) forment avec les moyens d'étanchéité (27, 28) un espace clos dans lequel les circulations de gaz ou de liquide qui pourraient favoriser une migration des contaminants vers l'intérieur sont inexistantes.In the embodiment shown, there are therefore two bodies (30, 34) forming a barrier to external contaminants arranged near the lower end 22b of the plug. In addition these structurally substantially different members, the bead 30 and the lip 34, each have different advantages in terms of the risk of damage and sealing qualities. This double barrier therefore makes it possible to greatly reduce the risks of contamination. Furthermore, a combined effect is obtained with the sealing means formed by the inner and outer lips (27, 28) which block any gas inlet through the orifice of the bottle. The barrier members (30, 34) form with the sealing means (27, 28) a closed space in which the gas or liquid circulations that could promote inward migration of contaminants are non-existent.

Le mode de réalisation représenté n'est nullement limitatif. D'autres formes et d'autres agencements des organes formant barrière (30, 34) sont possibles. Par exemple, il est possible de prévoir une forme différente pour ceux-ci, mais aussi un nombre et un agencement différents de ces organes. A titre purement indicatif, il est possible de prévoir un double bourrelet annulaire venant coopérer avec la face d'extrémité 17b de la collerette et deux lèvres coopérant avec la face longitudinale supérieure 17a de celle-ci, l'une étant éventuellement déformée vers l'extérieur et l'autre vers l'intérieur. Il est aussi possible de réaliser l'organe formant barrière par une lèvre en lieu et place du bourrelet 30.The embodiment shown is in no way limiting. Other shapes and arrangements of the barrier members (30,34) are possible. For example, it is possible to provide a different form for them, but also a different number and arrangement of these organs. As a purely indicative, it is possible to provide a double annular bead cooperating with the end face 17b of the flange and two lips cooperating with the face longitudinal upper 17a thereof, one being optionally deformed outwardly and the other inwardly. It is also possible to make the barrier member by a lip in place of the bead 30.

Claims (11)

  1. A closure system (1) for a container, comprising a cap (20) and a ring (10) defining a container opening, which are suitable for screw engagement to seal the opening, the ring extending around a central axis (Z),
    the cap (20) comprising a substantially circular top wall (21) from which there extends a downward annular skirt (22) having an annular bottom edge (22b) and a radially inward face (24) provided with a screw thread (26), the ring (10) having an annular rim (11) forming the opening, an annular collar (17) projecting out radially as far as a radially outermost face 17(b) and a screw thread (16), complementary to the screw thread (26) of the cap located between the collar and the rim of the ring,
    characterized in that the skirt (22) of the cap comprises two axially spaced annular barrier members (30, 34) in contact with said collar (17), the lower barrier member of said two barrier members projecting from the radially inward face (24) and being adapted for bearing in an substantially radial direction against the entire periphery of the radially outermost face (17b) of the collar (17).
  2. The closure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower barrier member of said two axially spaced barrier members is formed by an annular bead (30) projecting from the inward face (24) of the skirt of the cap in a radially inward direction.
  3. The closure system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bead (30) has an inside diameter that is less than the outside diameter (D17) of the collar (17), and wherein the skirt (22) of the cap is capable of tolerating an outward radial deformation when said bead engages on a longitudinally upper face (17a) of said collar.
  4. The closure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper barrier member of said two axially spaced barrier members is formed by an annular lip (34) extending from the inward face (24) of the skirt (22) of the cap (20) and constructed so as to be deformed on contact with the collar (17) of the ring.
  5. The closure system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the annular lip (34) extends essentially downwards and preferably forms a continuation of the inward face (24) of the skirt (22).
  6. The closure system as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein a peripheral recess (35) is formed in the skirt (2) of the cap adjacent to the annular lip (22) and externally relative to the latter.
  7. The closure system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the collar (17) has a longitudinally upper face (17a) connecting the ring (10) to the radially outermost face (17b), said upper and outermost faces being connected by an outline essentially in the shape of an arc of a circle.
  8. The closure system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the screw thread (16) of the ring is within a predetermined maximum outside diameter (D16), and wherein each of said two barrier members (30, 34) does not extend inwards further than a minimum diameter greater than said predetermined maximum diameter (D16).
  9. The closure system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said lower barrier member (30) is close to the annular bottom edge (22b) of the cap (20).
  10. The closure system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cap (20) also comprises sealing means (27; 28) extending from its top wall (21) and engaging with the ring (10) close to the annular rim (11) of said ring.
  11. The closure system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the two barrier members (30, 34) are integrally formed with the skirt (22) of the cap.
EP07731255.1A 2006-04-07 2007-04-05 Closure system for container Not-in-force EP2004507B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0603117A FR2899567B1 (en) 2006-04-07 2006-04-07 CLOSURE SYSTEM FOR CONTAINER
PCT/FR2007/000579 WO2007118995A2 (en) 2006-04-07 2007-04-05 Closure system for container

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EP2004507A2 EP2004507A2 (en) 2008-12-24
EP2004507B1 true EP2004507B1 (en) 2015-11-18

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EP (1) EP2004507B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5128579B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101415614B (en)
CA (1) CA2648546C (en)
FR (1) FR2899567B1 (en)
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MX2012007949A (en) * 2010-01-06 2012-10-03 Creative Edge Design Group Ltd Combined lip and shoulder seal for threaded cap.
IT1403118B1 (en) * 2010-12-09 2013-10-04 Supercap S R L STRUCTURE OF BOTTLE NECK AND ITS RELEASE CAP IN PLASTIC MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY FOR WATERS AND DRINKS.
CN102602594A (en) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-25 江苏新美星包装机械有限公司 Sealing structure of bottle cap
CN102602592A (en) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-25 江苏新美星包装机械有限公司 Sealing structure of bottle cap
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WO2007118995A2 (en) 2007-10-25
CN101415614A (en) 2009-04-22
FR2899567A1 (en) 2007-10-12
WO2007118995A3 (en) 2007-12-21
JP2009532289A (en) 2009-09-10
CN101415614B (en) 2012-02-08
JP5128579B2 (en) 2013-01-23
CA2648546A1 (en) 2007-10-25
NZ571612A (en) 2011-06-30
FR2899567B1 (en) 2010-08-13
WO2007118995A8 (en) 2008-10-30
US8281945B2 (en) 2012-10-09
EP2004507A2 (en) 2008-12-24
US20090134116A1 (en) 2009-05-28
CA2648546C (en) 2014-09-02
MX2008012718A (en) 2008-11-27

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