EP2002110A1 - Verfahren zur vorwärmung von einspritzinjektoren von brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur vorwärmung von einspritzinjektoren von brennkraftmaschinenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2002110A1 EP2002110A1 EP07701330A EP07701330A EP2002110A1 EP 2002110 A1 EP2002110 A1 EP 2002110A1 EP 07701330 A EP07701330 A EP 07701330A EP 07701330 A EP07701330 A EP 07701330A EP 2002110 A1 EP2002110 A1 EP 2002110A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- current
- electromagnet
- preheating
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
- F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
- F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
- F02M53/06—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
- F02M2200/248—Temperature sensors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system
- Y10T137/6606—With electric heating element
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for preheating at least one of a controllable by an electromagnet valve injection injectors of internal combustion engines, wherein the coil of the electromagnet is energized before starting the engine.
- an injector for an injection system in particular for a common-rail diesel injection system consists of several parts, which are usually held together by a nozzle retaining nut.
- a nozzle needle In the body of the actual injector nozzle, a nozzle needle is guided longitudinally displaceable, which has a plurality of open spaces over which fuel from the nozzle antechamber to the nozzle needle tip can flow.
- At the nozzle needle tip is usually a sealing seat, which prevents the closed nozzle needle, that fuel enters the combustion chamber.
- the nozzle needle has a collar on the circumference, on which a compression spring is supported, which acts closing on the nozzle needle.
- the nozzle needle tip opposite end of the nozzle needle opens into a control chamber, which is acted upon by pressurized fuel.
- At least one inlet channel and at least one outlet channel can be connected to this control chamber. All connected channels can have at least one throttle point.
- the pressure in the control room can control a control valve, which usually operates a solenoid. When the valve is actuated, fuel can flow out of the control chamber so that the pressure drops there. Below an adjustable control chamber pressure, the fuel pressure at the sealing seat opens the nozzle needle, and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber via at least one injection hole. The flow rates through the individual choked channels determine the opening and closing speed of the nozzle needle. If such an injector operated with highly viscous fuels - such as heavy oil - it may be necessary to heat the fuel in order to achieve the necessary injection viscosity.
- No. 5,201,341 A shows and describes an electromagnetic valve for controlling a fluid flow, as can be used in fuel injectors, in which the fuel to be heated is heated by a fluctuating magnetic field which is generated by the coil of an electromagnet.
- DE 10100375 A1 shows and describes a method for operating a fuel oil burner with an atomizer device which has a nozzle body through which fuel oil can flow and which can be heated by electrical energy, in which the heating energy for heating the fuel oil is introduced by suitable energization of the actuator coil of a solenoid valve.
- the heating is effected by the current supplied to the actuator both during the actuation phase of the solenoid valve and during the heating phase with the solenoid valve closed.
- the magnet coil on the fuel injector is in this case connected as a heating element, which on the one hand saves an additional heating element, which saves costs and installation space, and on the other hand is ensured by the arrangement of the magnet coils in the fuel injector that sets a rapid heating of the injector and thus a rapid heating of the flowing from a fuel delivery system or a Hoch Kunststoffsammeiraums volume of fuel takes place.
- the present invention therefore aims, starting from DE 4431189 A1, to provide a method for preheating the injection system, which is also suitable for injectors operated with highly viscous fuels, such as, for example, heavy oil, and which allows regulation of the warm-up time and the warm-up temperature, so that it is ensured that the warm-up is carried out until an unimpaired operating state is reached.
- highly viscous fuels such as, for example, heavy oil
- the method according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the coil of the electromagnet is periodically subjected to a preheating voltage and that the current profile in the coil is monitored and subjected to an evaluation for the detection of local current minima and / or maxima caused by armature reactions ,
- the electromagnet is short-circuited and it is therefore provided according to a preferred procedure that the coil of the electromagnet is periodically alternately applied to a preheating voltage and short-circuited.
- the size of the preheat voltage is advantageously selected such that the valve closure member is moved before the current in the coil reaches a saturation level. More precise control can be achieved by selecting the magnitude of the preheat voltage such that the valve closure member reaches its maximum stroke before the current in the coil reaches a saturation level.
- the procedure is preferably such that the time between the application of the coil to the preheat voltage and the occurrence of a caused by the armature reaction current minimum is measured and the periodic application of the coil is terminated as soon as the measured period of time a defined nominal size below.
- the detection of the time period between the application of the coil with the preheating voltage and the occurrence of a current minimum in the current of the coil allows the preheating to be carried out until the reduction of the viscosity of the fuel, and in particular of the heavy oil, to a sufficiently rapid operation, and in particular a sufficiently fast opening of the valve closure member leads.
- a sufficient speed of this closing operation can then be determined, preferably by operating such that the time between the shorting of the coil and the occurrence of a current maximum caused by the armature reaction is measured and the periodic loading of the coil is terminated becomes as soon as the measured time span falls below a defined nominal dimension.
- the procedure is preferably such that the temperature of the coil is monitored and the time intervals between the energization periods are regulated as a function of the temperature.
- the temperature of the coil is calculated in a simple manner from the resistance of the coil.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment variant of the valve group for controlling the nozzle needle.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the current and voltage curve in the coil of the solenoid valve during the injection process.
- Figure 5 finally, a possible in the context of the present invention control of the solenoid valve for preheating the injection injector is shown.
- an injection injector 1 which consists of an injector body 2, a valve group or a valve 3, an intermediate plate 4, an injector nozzle 5 and a nozzle retaining nut 6.
- the injector nozzle 5 contains the nozzle needle 7, which is guided longitudinally displaceably in the injector nozzle 5 and has a plurality of free surfaces, via which fuel can flow from the nozzle front chamber 8 to the nozzle needle tip 9.
- fuel is injected via at least one injection hole 10 into the combustion chamber 11.
- a collar 12 is attached to the circumference, on which a compression spring 13 is supported, which exerts a closing force on the nozzle needle 7.
- the nozzle needle 7 ends at the nozzle needle tip 9 opposite side with an end face 14 which ends in a control chamber 15.
- the control chamber 15 has an inlet channel 16 with an inlet throttle 17 and an outlet channel 18 with an outlet throttle 19.
- the flow rates through the inlet channel 16 and the outlet channel 18 are dimensioned so that the adjusting in the control chamber 15 pressure so is small that the nozzle needle 7 opens by the pending in the nozzle chamber 8 fuel pressure against the force of the compression spring 13 and against the pressure in the control chamber 15. If the drainage channel 18 is closed, the pressure in the control chamber 15 causes a force acting on the end face 14 which closes the nozzle needle 7.
- the opening and closing speed of the nozzle needle 7 can be adjusted by a suitable choice of the throttle diameter.
- the drainage channel 18 is closed with the valve needle 20 axially movable in the valve group 3.
- the valve needle 20 is pressed by a valve spring 22 in the valve seat 23, which is designed as a sealing cone.
- the valve seat 23 is released by the electromagnet 21 attracting the magnet armature 25 and thereby moving the valve needle 20 connected to the magnet armature 25, and the pressurized fuel flowing from the drain duct 18 into the low-pressure space 27.
- valve 3 shows a second possible embodiment of the valve group 3.
- the drain channel 18 opens directly to the valve seat 23, which is closed by a valve ball 26.
- the valve ball 26 is pressed by a valve spring 22 in the valve seat 23.
- the electromagnet 21 When the electromagnet 21 is energized, it attracts the magnet armature 25 connected to the valve needle 20, the valve seat 23 is opened and the pressurized fuel flows from the outlet channel 18 into the low-pressure space 27.
- FIG. 4 shows the typical course of a current 33 or a voltage 34 in the winding of the electromagnet 21.
- the control for the injection operation is characterized in that during an acceleration phase 28, the current through the electromagnet 21 increases monotonically until it reaches the upper limit of the attraction current 35 reached.
- the current through the electromagnet 21 by means of a two-point current control between the upper limit of the attraction current 35 and the lower - B -
- the current through the electromagnet 21 in the freewheeling phase 30 decreases to the lower limit of the holding current 38.
- the current through the electromagnet 21 is maintained by means of a two-point current control between the upper limit of the holding current 36 and the lower limit of the holding current 38.
- the current through the electromagnet 21 in the quenching phase 32 is lowered back to zero.
- a second possible current profile is now defined, with which a heating of the valve group 3 by the waste heat produced in the electromagnet 21 takes place, without thereby damaging the electromagnet 21.
- the goal of this heating is to reduce the viscosity of the fuel, which is located in the cavities of the solenoid valve and the adjacent assemblies.
- the necessary course of the current or current profile 33 in the electromagnet 21 is shown in Figure 5.
- the electromagnet 21 is periodically alternately subjected to a preheating voltage 42 alternately for the duration of the heating phase 41 and short-circuited between the energization periods for the duration of the freewheeling phase or time interval 30.
- the duration of the heating phase 41 is chosen so that the inductance of the coil in the electromagnet 21 can be neglected.
- the size of the preheat voltage 42 is selected so that the valve needle 20 reaches its maximum stroke before the current 33 reaches the saturation level 45 through the electromagnet 21.
- the temperature of the coil of the electromagnet 21 can be calculated from the known temperature dependence of the electrical resistance. The change in the electrical resistance of the coil is determined by measuring the difference in voltage or current before and during the heating.
- the warm-up phase is ended when the Ven- Tilnadel 20 is movable and during the warm-up phase 39 due to the armature reaction, a local Stroinminimum 43 when opening the valve needle 20 and a local current maximum 44 when closing the valve needle 20 is detected. If, on the other hand, no armature reactions can still be detected during the warm-up phase 39 and the measured resistance is greater than the maximum permissible resistance setpoint, ie the temperature reaches or exceeds the permissible level, the warm-up phase 39 is ended and the temperature regulation phase 40 begins.
- the temperature control phase 40 differs from the warm-up phase 39 in that one or more cycles of heating phase 41 and freewheeling phase 30 are omitted.
- the number of cycles to be eliminated is determined from the deviation from the nominal resistance to the measured resistance in the electromagnet 21, so that the predetermined temperature is not exceeded.
- the temperature control phase is terminated when in turn due to the armature reaction, a local current minimum 43 when opening the valve needle 20 and a local current maximum 44 when closing the valve needle 20 is detected.
- An improvement of the method is achieved in that in addition the time period 46 between the start of the energization of the electromagnet 21 and the occurrence of the local current minimum 43 and the time period 47 between the end of the energization and the occurrence of the local current maximum 44 is determined and the inventive periodic Energization of the electromagnet 21 is only terminated when the period 46 or 47 falls below a target value, which means that the nozzle needle has sufficient dynamics, so can be opened or closed sufficiently quickly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0056906A AT502683B1 (de) | 2006-04-03 | 2006-04-03 | Verfahren zur vorwärmung von einspritzinjektoren von brennkraftmaschinen |
PCT/AT2007/000086 WO2007112462A1 (de) | 2006-04-03 | 2007-02-16 | Verfahren zur vorwärmung von einspritzinjektoren von brennkraftmaschinen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2002110A1 true EP2002110A1 (de) | 2008-12-17 |
EP2002110B1 EP2002110B1 (de) | 2009-10-28 |
Family
ID=37890755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20070701330 Active EP2002110B1 (de) | 2006-04-03 | 2007-02-16 | Verfahren zur vorwärmung von einspritzinjektoren von brennkraftmaschinen |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8096485B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2002110B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4834145B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101151461B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101421506B (de) |
AT (2) | AT502683B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE502007001859D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007112462A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009054885A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. | Cold start structure for multi-point fuel injection systems |
DE102007053408A1 (de) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Kraftstofftemperatur bei einem Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem sowie Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102008013129A1 (de) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-24 | Alois Dotzer | Dieselmotorisch betriebene Brennkraftmaschine |
US8339762B2 (en) | 2009-01-15 | 2012-12-25 | Sturman Industries, Inc. | Control valve coil temperature controller |
DE102010024585A1 (de) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-30 | Magna Powertrain Ag & Co Kg | Magnetventil |
US8884198B2 (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2014-11-11 | Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. | Parametric temperature regulation of induction heated load |
US8365703B2 (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2013-02-05 | Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. | Switch-mode synthetic power inductor |
JP5383615B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-16 | 2014-01-08 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 後処理バーナシステムの暖機方法 |
JP5862466B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-07 | 2016-02-16 | 株式会社デンソー | 燃料噴射制御装置および燃料噴射制御方法 |
GB2512039A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-09-24 | Continental Automotive Systems | Using resistance equivalent to estimate temperature of a fuel-njector heater |
WO2015071686A1 (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-21 | Sentec Ltd | Control unit for a fuel injector |
FR3018866B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-04-15 | Continental Automotive France | Dispositif et procede de controle d'un module de chauffage d'une pluralite d'injecteurs |
DE102014206231A1 (de) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Hochdruckpumpe eines Einspritzsystems und Einspritzsystem |
DE102014217738B4 (de) * | 2014-09-04 | 2023-03-30 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ansteuern eines elektromagenetischen Aktors |
CN105464866A (zh) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-04-06 | 吉林大学 | 一种利用电磁加热线圈加热的gdi喷油器 |
JP2021085379A (ja) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-03 | 株式会社デンソー | 噴射制御装置 |
FR3112572B1 (fr) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-06-17 | Vitesco Technologies | Dérive de débit statique d’un injecteur piézo-électrique |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH667698A5 (de) * | 1985-05-03 | 1988-10-31 | Sulzer Ag | Einrichtung zum betrieb einer kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit einem brennstoff relativ hoher viskositaet. |
US4870932A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1989-10-03 | Chrysler Motors Corporation | Fuel injection heating system |
US5201341A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1993-04-13 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Electromagnetic type fluid flow control valve |
JPH0814123A (ja) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-16 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | エンジンの吸気ポート加熱装置 |
DE4431189C2 (de) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-07-25 | Himmelsbach Johann | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Temperatur des Kraftstoffes innerhalb von Einspritzventilen von Brennkraftmaschinen |
GB2307513A (en) * | 1995-11-25 | 1997-05-28 | Ford Motor Co | Solenoid fuel injector with heating |
DE19629589B4 (de) * | 1996-07-23 | 2007-08-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
DE10031852B4 (de) * | 2000-07-05 | 2006-08-31 | Klaschka Gmbh & Co | Einrichtung zum Besprühen von Werkstücken |
JP4477224B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-21 | 2010-06-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ヒータ作動歴による始動時燃料加熱制御方法 |
DE10100375A1 (de) * | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-11 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizölbrenners und Zerstäubereinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US6688533B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-02-10 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Apparatus and method of control for a heated tip fuel injector |
DE10136049B4 (de) * | 2001-07-25 | 2004-04-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Kaltstartverhaltens einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
US7628340B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2009-12-08 | Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. | Constant current zero-voltage switching induction heater driver for variable spray injection |
-
2006
- 2006-04-03 AT AT0056906A patent/AT502683B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-02-16 WO PCT/AT2007/000086 patent/WO2007112462A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-02-16 AT AT07701330T patent/ATE447103T1/de active
- 2007-02-16 US US12/226,015 patent/US8096485B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-16 CN CN2007800122685A patent/CN101421506B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-16 EP EP20070701330 patent/EP2002110B1/de active Active
- 2007-02-16 DE DE200750001859 patent/DE502007001859D1/de active Active
- 2007-02-16 KR KR1020087026638A patent/KR101151461B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-02-16 JP JP2009503362A patent/JP4834145B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2007112462A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090145491A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
JP2009532610A (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
ATE447103T1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
AT502683A4 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
AT502683B1 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
US8096485B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
CN101421506B (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
KR20080106588A (ko) | 2008-12-08 |
EP2002110B1 (de) | 2009-10-28 |
CN101421506A (zh) | 2009-04-29 |
WO2007112462A1 (de) | 2007-10-11 |
JP4834145B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
KR101151461B1 (ko) | 2012-06-04 |
DE502007001859D1 (de) | 2009-12-10 |
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