EP1997729B1 - Submarine - Google Patents
Submarine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1997729B1 EP1997729B1 EP08007563A EP08007563A EP1997729B1 EP 1997729 B1 EP1997729 B1 EP 1997729B1 EP 08007563 A EP08007563 A EP 08007563A EP 08007563 A EP08007563 A EP 08007563A EP 1997729 B1 EP1997729 B1 EP 1997729B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- valve body
- submarine
- submarine according
- pressure hull
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/08—Propulsion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/12—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 specially adapted for submerged exhausting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/08—Propulsion
- B63G8/12—Propulsion using internal-combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/32—Arrangements of propulsion power-unit exhaust uptakes; Funnels peculiar to vessels
- B63H21/34—Arrangements of propulsion power-unit exhaust uptakes; Funnels peculiar to vessels having exhaust-gas deflecting means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
Definitions
- the invention relates to a submarine with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a submarine incorporating the features of the preamble of claim 1 is made GB 106,330 A known.
- Submarines which are driven by one or more internal combustion engines, typically have at least one out of the pressure hull of the submarine outgoing exhaust pipe through which the exhaust gases generated by the internal combustion engine can be discharged from the pressure hull of the submarine in its outer environment.
- a known submarine of this type has an exhaust pipe, which branches outside the pressure hull into two strands. One of these strands leads to an outlet arranged in the tower of the submarine, the other to an exhaust outlet opening on the outer skin of the submarine in the region of an upper deck.
- This refinement makes it possible to discharge the exhaust gas from the submarine during snorkeling on the tower and when passing over the exhaust gas outlet opening provided on the upper deck.
- an exhaust system for a surface vessel in which an exhaust pipe divides into two strands.
- a controlled deflecting flap is provided, with which the exhaust line can be conductively connected to a first line strand in a first position of the deflecting flap and to a second line strand in a second position of the deflecting flap.
- the off DE 33 21 782 C2 known exhaust system is not suitable, since in this always a wiring harness is open, so that in a dive on this open wiring harness water would penetrate into the pressure hull of the submarine.
- the submarine according to the invention has a pressure body through which at least one exhaust pipe is routed, which branches on the outside of the pressure hull in at least two strands.
- a valve is provided which forms a branch line.
- the exhaust pipe is conductively connected in a first switching position with a first wiring harness and in a second switching position with a second wiring harness and in a third switching position closed.
- valves with the valve with the exhaust pipe during normal dive trip, i. during dive travel below the snorkel travel depth, can be closed pressure-tight, but which also forms a switching device, with the optional line connection from a flow inlet of the valve to one of at least two outgoing of the flow outlets of the valve strands can be created while the other or the rest Line strands are closed by the valve.
- the optional line connection from a flow inlet of the valve to one of at least two outgoing of the flow outlets of the valve strands can be created while the other or the rest Line strands are closed by the valve.
- At least one outgoing of the valve for closing the exhaust pipe harness opens at one provided on an upper deck of the submarine exhaust outlet and at least one other arranged on a arranged in a tower of the submarine outlet.
- the exhaust pipe is in one Area guided below the upper deck by the pressure body and arranged the valve to close the exhaust pipe in a space between the pressure hull and upper deck.
- the outside of the pressure body to the valve leading part of the exhaust pipe is pressure-tight.
- each of these drive devices is preferably assigned a separate exhaust line guided through the pressure body. Outside of the pressure hull a valve designed in the manner described above is then provided in each of the exhaust pipes for closing this exhaust pipe.
- the valve is preferably designed as a rotary valve. Accordingly, the valve has a valve body rotatably mounted in the valve body. Through the valve body, a flow channel extends such that, depending on the rotational position of the valve body, either a line connection is created from the flow inlet of the valve to optionally one of at least two flow outlets, or the flow inlet of the valve is closed.
- the valve body is formed substantially spherical.
- the flow outlets provided on the valve are expediently arranged at the valve housing at the same angle angled to a central axis of the flow inlet.
- the flow channel extending through the valve body is also preferably angled, wherein the flow channel expediently encloses an angle which corresponds to the angle which the center axis of the flow inlet encloses with the center axis of one of the flow outlets. If the valve has a flow inlet and two flow outlets, this is through the valve body extending flow channel angled particularly advantageous at an angle of 120 °.
- the rotary valve of the valve is preferably operable with a guided by the pressure hull of the submarine actuating rod.
- the actuating rod is arranged on the rotary valve in an extension of its axis of rotation and rotatably supported.
- a drive acting on the actuating rod e.g. an electric or hydraulic motor
- the rotary valve of the valve can be moved in this embodiment via the actuating rod in the three switch positions described above.
- the valve in this embodiment can advantageously also be manually, e.g. be operated with a arranged on the actuating rod handwheel, from the inside of the pressure hull out.
- the valve body of the valve is preferably sealed off from the valve housing by means of spring-biased sealing elements.
- spring elements preferably compression spring elements
- the sealing elements are formed by compensators, which can be stretched in the direction of their longitudinal extent. Separate spring elements for biasing the sealing elements are not required in this case.
- the sealing elements of soft material seals, for example of elastomers, are preferably formed. Because of the relatively hot exhaust gases that are passed through the valve, the sealing elements are preferably water cooled. For this purpose, cooling chambers may be provided in the valve housing, preferably in the vicinity of the sealing elements.
- means for moving the sealing elements are advantageously provided. With these means, the sealing elements are moved away from a voltage applied to the valve body sealing seat. That is, with these means, the sealing elements may be moved to a position spaced from the valve body prior to switching of the valve, so that wear due to friction between the valve body and the sealing elements is avoided.
- the means for moving the sealing elements on a control disc which is arranged on a guided through the pressure body shaft.
- the control disk is rotatable such that two sections projecting radially on the control disk simultaneously contact the two spring-biased sealing elements on the flow outlets and on further movement away from the sealing seat on the valve body.
- the shaft for actuating the control disk is designed as a hollow shaft, wherein the actuating rod is guided for actuating the valve body through the hollow shaft.
- the actuating rod for actuating the valve body and the shaft for actuating the control disk are guided together.
- a hydraulic cylinder For actuating the hollow shaft, ie for rotating the hollow shaft, a hydraulic cylinder is preferably provided.
- a linear extension or retraction movement of the hydraulic cylinder via a transmission be converted for example via a rack-gear pairing in a rotary motion of the hollow shaft.
- the rotation of the actuating rod for switching the valve body is preferably carried out with a rotary drive.
- the actuating rod with the rotary drive which is preferably a hydraulically actuated rotary motor, motion connected.
- the valve body is advantageously sealed off from the valve housing by means of a hard material seal.
- the hard material seal is arranged on the housing side of the valve and advantageously has a shape complementary to the outer contour of the valve body.
- sealing materials for example, hard metal or ceramic can be used.
- a section of the wall of a pressure hull 2 of a submarine is shown greatly simplified.
- an opening 4 is provided in this section of the wall of the pressure hull 2.
- the opening 4 forms part of an exhaust pipe, via which exhaust gases generated by an internal combustion engine arranged in the interior of the pressure body 2 can be discharged to the outside environment of the submarine.
- a pipe piece 6 bent substantially at an angle of 90 ° is fastened directly to the pressure body 2 via a flange 8 formed on the pipe piece 6 directly above the opening 4.
- the pipe section 6 forms a pressure-resistant part of the exhaust pipe.
- a valve 12 is connected to a flange 10 formed there such that the pipe section 6 and a flow inlet 14 of the valve 12 are flow-connected to one another.
- the valve 12 forms a manifold, ie, in addition to the flow inlet 14, the valve has a first flow outlet 16 and a second flow outlet 18.
- a first wiring harness of the exhaust pipe is connected, which opens at an exhaust gas outlet opening provided in the region of the upper deck of the submarine. Close to the flow outlet 18 a likewise not shown second wiring harness of the exhaust pipe, which leads to a arranged in a tower of the submarine snorkel.
- the Fig. 2 to 5 also show that the flow inlet 14 and the flow outlets 16 and 18 are each offset at an angle of 120 ° to each other.
- the valve 12 is formed as a rotary valve.
- a valve body 24 is rotatably mounted about a rotation axis A.
- the valve body 24 is formed substantially spherical, wherein the ball caps are cut in the direction of the axis of rotation A of the valve body 24, so that it forms in the direction of the rotation axis A spaced from each other flat end faces.
- Transverse to its axis of rotation A the valve body 24 is broken by a flow channel 26. This flow channel 26 is angled in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation A at an angle of 120 ° ( Fig. 2 to 5 ).
- an actuating rod 28 is provided for switching the valve 12 and for rotating the valve body 24.
- This actuating rod 28 is formed by an opening in the Fig. 1 guided below the valve 12 shown in phantom wall of the pressure hull 2.
- the actuating rod 28 is concentric with the axis of rotation A of the valve body 24 attached thereto.
- end of the actuating rod 28 engages a hydraulic rotary motor 30, with which the valve body 24 can be rotated via the actuating rod 28 in three different switching positions.
- This switch position is required in particular submerged submarine below the snorkeling depth, since this is an intrusion is prevented by water in the pressure body 2 via the exhaust pipe.
- the valve 12 When the submarine is over-watering, the valve 12 may be in the in Fig. 3 shown switching position can be switched. In the switching position shown there, the valve body 24 is oriented such that the flow channel 26 formed on the valve body 24 creates a flow connection from the flow inlet 14 to the first flow outlet 16. At the same time, the valve body 24 closes the second flow outlet 18. In this way, exhaust gases from the pressure body 2 can be conducted via the wiring harness of the exhaust gas line adjoining the flow outlet 16 to the exhaust gas outlet opening provided in the region of the upper deck.
- valve 12 also in the in Fig. 4 illustrated switching position, in which the valve body 24 is arranged so that it closes the first flow outlet 16 and establishes a flow connection from the flow inlet 14 to the second flow outlet 18.
- This switching position is intended for the discharge of exhaust gases during snorkeling, in which the exhaust gases are passed via a subsequent to the flow outlet 18 of the valve 12 wiring harness of the exhaust pipe to the outlet provided on the tower.
- the Fig. 2 to 5 show that the valve body 24 is sealed relative to the valve chamber 22 or opposite the valve housing 20 in the region of the flow inlet 14 with a sealing element 32, in the region of the first flow outlet 16 with a sealing element 34 and in the region of the second flow outlet 18 with a sealing element 36 ,
- the sealing elements 32, 34 and 36 are annular and form a complementary to the spherical shape of the valve body 24 sealing surface.
- the seal 32 is in the inner wall of the valve chamber as one 22 integrated hard material seal formed. At this seal 32 of the valve body 24 is flush.
- the seals 34 and 36 are formed as soft material seals, which are pressed by means of prestressed compression spring elements 38 in the sealing seat on the valve body 24.
- cooling chambers 40 and 42 are provided on the valve housing 20 of the valve 12, can be pumped through the cooling water.
- the sealing elements 34 and 36 are movable away from the sealing seat on the valve body 24 under further tension of the compression spring elements 38.
- a control plate 44 which is arranged below the valve body 24, ie on the pressure body 2 facing side of the valve body 24 about the axis of rotation A of the valve body 24 rotatably.
- the control disk 44 is substantially in the shape of an equilateral triangle. It is arranged in the valve housing 20 such that it simultaneously contacts the sealing elements 34 and 36 during a rotation about the axis of rotation A and presses them into a position spaced from the valve body 24 (FIG. Fig. 5 ).
- a hollow shaft 46 ( Fig. 1 ).
- This hollow shaft 46 is arranged around the actuating rod 28 for actuating the valve body 24 around.
- a ring gear 48 is formed, which is in engagement with a rack 50.
- the rack 50 is connected to the linearly movable part of a hydraulic cylinder 52.
- the linear movement of the movable part of the hydraulic cylinder 52 is converted into a rotational movement of the hollow shaft 46.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Taps Or Cocks (AREA)
- Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Unterseeboot mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a submarine with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Ein solches Unterseeboot, das die Merkmale des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 beinhaltet, ist aus
Unterseeboote, die von einer oder mehreren Verbrennungskraftmaschinen angetrieben werden, weisen typischerweise zumindest eine aus dem Druckkörper des Unterseeboots herausführende Abgasleitung auf, über die die von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine erzeugten Abgase aus dem Druckkörper des Unterseeboots in dessen äußere Umgebung abgelassen werden können.Submarines, which are driven by one or more internal combustion engines, typically have at least one out of the pressure hull of the submarine outgoing exhaust pipe through which the exhaust gases generated by the internal combustion engine can be discharged from the pressure hull of the submarine in its outer environment.
Ein bekanntes Unterseeboot dieser Art weist eine Abgasleitung auf, die sich außerhalb des Druckkörpers in zwei Leitungsstränge verzweigt. Einer dieser Leitungsstränge führt zu einem in dem Turm des Unterseeboots angeordneten Austritt, der andere zu einer Abgasauslassöffnung an der Außenhaut des Unterseeboots im Bereich eines Oberdecks. Diese Ausgestaltung ermöglicht es, das Abgas bei Schnorchelfahrt am Turm und bei Überwasserfahrt über die an dem Oberdeck vorgesehene Abgasauslassöffnung aus dem Unterseeboot abzuleiten.A known submarine of this type has an exhaust pipe, which branches outside the pressure hull into two strands. One of these strands leads to an outlet arranged in the tower of the submarine, the other to an exhaust outlet opening on the outer skin of the submarine in the region of an upper deck. This refinement makes it possible to discharge the exhaust gas from the submarine during snorkeling on the tower and when passing over the exhaust gas outlet opening provided on the upper deck.
Bei Schnorchelfahrt ist es erforderlich, den an dem Oberdeck mündenden Leitungsstrang zu verschließen. Bei Überwasserfahrt soll das Abgas hingegen nicht über den Schnorchel abgelassen werden. Aus diesem Grund sind in beiden Leitungssträngen Armaturen vorgesehen, mit denen der Strömungsweg durch den jeweils nicht benutzten Leitungsstrang verschließbar ist.When snorkelling it is necessary to close the opening on the upper deck wiring harness. When going over water, the exhaust gas should not be drained via the snorkel. For this reason, fittings are provided in both strands, with which the flow path through the respectively unused wiring harness is closed.
Des Weiteren ist bei dem bekannten Unterseeboot in der Abgasleitung direkt außenseitig des Druckkörpers eine weitere Armatur vorgesehen, mit der die Abgasleitung bei Unterwasserfahrt unterhalb der Schnorchelfahrttiefe druckdicht verschlossen werden kann.Furthermore, a further fitting is provided in the known submarine in the exhaust pipe directly outside the pressure hull, with which the exhaust pipe can be closed pressure-tight underwater travel below the snorkeling depth.
Zum Schalten der Armaturen sind deren Ventilkörper jeweils mit zumindest einer durch den Drückkörper geführten Betätigungsstange verbunden. Dies dient dazu, die Armaturen ggf. aus dem Inneren des Druckkörpers heraus manuell betätigen zu können. Nachteilig schwächen die hierfür an dem Druckkörper erforderlichen Durchbrechungen aber die Druckkörperstruktur und bilden mögliche Leckagestellen. Ein weiterer Nachteil dieser Ausgestaltung ist in dem verhältnismäßig großen Platzbedarf der Armaturen in dem begrenzten Raum zwischen Druckkörper und Außenhaut des Unterseeboots zu sehen.For switching the valves whose valve body are each connected to at least one guided by the press body actuating rod. This serves to be able to manually operate the fittings, if necessary, from inside the pressure body. Disadvantageously, however, the apertures required for this purpose on the pressure body weaken the pressure-body structure and form possible leakage points. Another disadvantage of this embodiment is seen in the relatively large footprint of the fittings in the limited space between the pressure hull and the outer skin of the submarine.
Aus
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein gattungsgemäßes Unterseeboot zu schaffen, dessen Abgasarmaturen möglichst einfach und platzsparend ausgebildet sind.Against this background, it is the object of the invention to provide a generic submarine, the exhaust valves are designed to be as simple and space-saving.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Unterseeboot mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst, wobei sich bevorzugte Ausführungen aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie der Zeichnung ergeben.According to the invention this object is achieved by a submarine having the features specified in claim 1, wherein preferred embodiments of the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings.
Das erfindungsgemäße Unterseeboot weist einen Druckkörper auf, durch den zumindest eine Abgasleitung geführt ist, die sich außenseitig des Druckkörpers in mindestens zwei Leitungsstränge verzweigt. Zum druckdichten Verschließen der Abgasleitung ist ein Ventil vorgesehen, das eine Leitungsverzweigung bildet. Mittels des Ventils ist die Abgasleitung in einer ersten Schaltstellung mit einem ersten Leitungsstrang und in einer zweiten Schaltstellung mit einem zweiten Leitungsstrang leitungsverbindbar sowie in einer dritten Schaltstellung verschließbar.The submarine according to the invention has a pressure body through which at least one exhaust pipe is routed, which branches on the outside of the pressure hull in at least two strands. For pressure-tight sealing of the exhaust pipe, a valve is provided which forms a branch line. By means of the valve, the exhaust pipe is conductively connected in a first switching position with a first wiring harness and in a second switching position with a second wiring harness and in a third switching position closed.
Vorteilhaft ist mit dem Ventil nur noch eine Armatur vorzusehen, mit der die Abgasleitung bei normaler Tauchfahrt, d.h. bei Tauchfahrt unterhalb der Schnorchelfahrttiefe, druckdicht verschlossen werden kann, die aber auch eine Umschaltvorrichtung bildet, mit der wahlweise eine Leitungsverbindung von einem Strömungseinlass des Ventils zu einem von zumindest zwei von den Strömungsauslässen des Ventils ausgehenden Leitungssträngen geschaffen werden kann, während der bzw. die übrigen Leitungsstränge von dem Ventil verschlossen werden. Um das Ventil manuell aus dem Inneren des Druckkörpers heraus betätigen zu können, ist weiter vorteilhaft nur noch eine Durchführung durch den Druckkörper vorzusehen, durch die ein Betätigungsmittel zum Schalten des Ventils geführt wird.It is advantageous to provide only a valve with the valve, with the exhaust pipe during normal dive trip, i. during dive travel below the snorkel travel depth, can be closed pressure-tight, but which also forms a switching device, with the optional line connection from a flow inlet of the valve to one of at least two outgoing of the flow outlets of the valve strands can be created while the other or the rest Line strands are closed by the valve. In order to be able to actuate the valve manually from the interior of the pressure body, it is further advantageous to provide only one passage through the pressure body, through which an actuating means for switching the valve is guided.
Bevorzugt mündet zumindest ein von dem Ventil zum Verschließen der Abgasleitung ausgehender Leitungsstrang an einer an einem Oberdeck des Unterseeboots vorgesehenen Abgasauslassöffnung und zumindest ein anderer an einem in einem Turm des Unterseeboots angeordneten Austritt. Zweckmäßigerweise ist daher die Abgasleitung in einem Bereich unterhalb des Oberdecks durch den Druckkörper geführt und das Ventil zu Verschließen der Abgasleitung in einem Zwischenraum zwischen Druckkörper und Oberdeck angeordnet. Um zu verhindern, dass Wasser bei Tauchfahrt des Unterseeboots in den Druckkörper eindringen kann, ist der außenseitig des Druckkörpers zu dem Ventil führende Teil der Abgasleitung druckdicht ausgebildet.Preferably, at least one outgoing of the valve for closing the exhaust pipe harness opens at one provided on an upper deck of the submarine exhaust outlet and at least one other arranged on a arranged in a tower of the submarine outlet. Appropriately, therefore, the exhaust pipe is in one Area guided below the upper deck by the pressure body and arranged the valve to close the exhaust pipe in a space between the pressure hull and upper deck. In order to prevent water from entering the pressure vessel during dive travel of the submarine, the outside of the pressure body to the valve leading part of the exhaust pipe is pressure-tight.
Sind an Bord des Unterseeboots mehrere Abgas erzeugende Antriebseinrichtungen vorgesehen, ist bevorzugt jeder dieser Antriebseinrichtungen eine separate, durch den Druckkörper geführte Abgasleitung zugeordnet. Außerhalb des Druckkörpers ist dann in jeder der Abgasleitungen ein in der oben beschriebenen Weise ausgebildetes Ventil zum Verschließen dieser Abgasleitung vorgesehen.If several exhaust-generating drive devices are provided on board the submarine, each of these drive devices is preferably assigned a separate exhaust line guided through the pressure body. Outside of the pressure hull a valve designed in the manner described above is then provided in each of the exhaust pipes for closing this exhaust pipe.
Das Ventil ist bevorzugt als ein Drehschieberventil ausgebildet. Dementsprechend weist das Ventil einen in dem Ventilgehäuse drehbar gelagerten Ventilkörper auf. Durch den Ventilkörper verläuft ein Strömungskanal derart, dass je nach Drehstellung des Ventilkörpers entweder eine Leitungsverbindung von dem Strömungseinlass des Ventils zu wahlweise einem von zumindest zwei Strömungsauslässen geschaffen wird, oder der Strömungseinlass des Ventils verschlossen wird. Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Ventilkörper im Wesentlichen sphärisch ausgebildet.The valve is preferably designed as a rotary valve. Accordingly, the valve has a valve body rotatably mounted in the valve body. Through the valve body, a flow channel extends such that, depending on the rotational position of the valve body, either a line connection is created from the flow inlet of the valve to optionally one of at least two flow outlets, or the flow inlet of the valve is closed. Conveniently, the valve body is formed substantially spherical.
Die an dem Ventil vorgesehenen Strömungsauslässe sind an dem Ventilgehäuse zweckmäßigerweise im gleichen Winkel abgewinkelt zu einer Mittelachse des Strömungseinlasses angeordnet. Korrespondierend hierzu ist auch der durch den Ventilkörper verlaufende Strömungskanal bevorzugt abgewinkelt ausgebildet, wobei der Strömungskanal zweckmäßigerweise einen Winkel einschließt, der dem Winkel entspricht, den die Mittelachse des Strömungseinlasses mit der Mittelachse eines der Strömungsauslässe einschließt. Weist das Ventil einen Strömungseinlass und zwei Strömungsauslässe auf, ist der durch den Ventilkörper verlaufende Strömungskanal besonders vorteilhaft in einem Winkel von 120° abgewinkelt.The flow outlets provided on the valve are expediently arranged at the valve housing at the same angle angled to a central axis of the flow inlet. Corresponding to this, the flow channel extending through the valve body is also preferably angled, wherein the flow channel expediently encloses an angle which corresponds to the angle which the center axis of the flow inlet encloses with the center axis of one of the flow outlets. If the valve has a flow inlet and two flow outlets, this is through the valve body extending flow channel angled particularly advantageous at an angle of 120 °.
Der Drehschieber des Ventils ist vorzugsweise mit einer durch den Druckkörper des Unterseeboots geführten Betätigungsstange betätigbar. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Betätigungsstange an dem Drehschieber in Verlängerung dessen Drehachse angeordnet und drehbar gelagert. Mittels eines an der Betätigungsstange angreifenden Antriebs, z.B. eines Elektro- oder Hydraulikmotors kann der Drehschieber des Ventils bei dieser Ausgestaltung über die Betätigungsstange in die drei oben beschriebenen Schaltstellungen bewegt werden. Bei einem eventuellen Ausfall des Antriebs kann das Ventil bei dieser Ausgestaltung vorteilhafterweise auch manuell, z.B. mit einem an der Betätigungsstange angeordneten Handrad, aus dem Inneren des Druckkörpers heraus betätigt werden.The rotary valve of the valve is preferably operable with a guided by the pressure hull of the submarine actuating rod. Advantageously, the actuating rod is arranged on the rotary valve in an extension of its axis of rotation and rotatably supported. By means of a drive acting on the actuating rod, e.g. an electric or hydraulic motor, the rotary valve of the valve can be moved in this embodiment via the actuating rod in the three switch positions described above. In the event of a failure of the drive, the valve in this embodiment can advantageously also be manually, e.g. be operated with a arranged on the actuating rod handwheel, from the inside of the pressure hull out.
Im Bereich der Auslässe ist der Ventilkörper des Ventils bevorzugt mittels federvorgespannter Dichtelemente gegenüber dem Ventilgehäuse abgedichtet. So können Federelemente, vorzugsweise Druckfederelemente, derart in dem Ventilgehäuse angeordnet sein, dass sie die Dichtelemente in einen Dichtsitz mit dem Ventilkörper drücken. Besonders vorteilhaft werden die Dichtelemente von Kompensatoren gebildet, die in Richtung ihrer Längsausdehnung gespannt werden können. Separate Federelemente zum Vorspannen der Dichtelemente sind in diesem Fall nicht erforderlich. Bevorzugt werden die Dichtelemente von Weichstoffdichtungen, beispielsweise aus Elastomeren, gebildet. Wegen der verhältnismäßig heißen Abgase, die durch das Ventil geleitet werden, sind die Dichtelemente bevorzugt wassergekühlt. Hierzu können in dem Ventilgehäuse, vorzugsweise in der Nähe der Dichtelemente, Kühlkammern vorgesehen sein.In the region of the outlets, the valve body of the valve is preferably sealed off from the valve housing by means of spring-biased sealing elements. Thus, spring elements, preferably compression spring elements, may be arranged in the valve housing in such a way that they press the sealing elements into a sealing seat with the valve body. Particularly advantageously, the sealing elements are formed by compensators, which can be stretched in the direction of their longitudinal extent. Separate spring elements for biasing the sealing elements are not required in this case. The sealing elements of soft material seals, for example of elastomers, are preferably formed. Because of the relatively hot exhaust gases that are passed through the valve, the sealing elements are preferably water cooled. For this purpose, cooling chambers may be provided in the valve housing, preferably in the vicinity of the sealing elements.
Um die im Bereich der Strömungsauslässe des Ventils angeordneten Dichtelemente und insbesondere Weichstoffdichtungen beim Schalten des Ventils bzw. beim Bewegen des Ventilkörpers nicht zu beschädigen, sind vorteilhafterweise Mittel zum Bewegen der Dichtelemente vorgesehen. Mit diesen Mitteln sind die Dichtelemente von einem an dem Ventilkörper anliegenden Dichtsitz wegbewegbar. D.h., mit diesen Mitteln können die Dichtelemente vor dem Schalten des Ventils in eine von dem Ventilkörper beabstandete Position bewegt werden, so dass ein Verschleiß aufgrund von Reibung zwischen dem Ventilkörper und den Dichtelementen vermieden wird.In order not to damage the arranged in the flow outlets of the valve sealing elements and in particular soft gaskets when switching the valve or when moving the valve body, means for moving the sealing elements are advantageously provided. With these means, the sealing elements are moved away from a voltage applied to the valve body sealing seat. That is, with these means, the sealing elements may be moved to a position spaced from the valve body prior to switching of the valve, so that wear due to friction between the valve body and the sealing elements is avoided.
Bevorzugt weisen die Mittel zum Bewegen der Dichtelemente eine Steuerungsscheibe auf, die auf einer durch den Druckkörper geführten Welle angeordnet ist. Mittels der Welle ist die Steuerungsscheibe derart drehbar, dass zwei an der Steuerungsscheibe radial auskragende Abschnitte gleichzeitig die beiden federvorgespannten Dichtelemente an den Strömungsauslässen kontaktieren und bei weiterer Drehung von dem Dichtsitz an dem Ventilkörper wegbewegen. Sobald die Dichtelemente von dem Ventilkörper beabstandet sind, kann das Ventil geschaltet werden, ohne dass dies zu einem Verschleiß der Dichtelemente führt.Preferably, the means for moving the sealing elements on a control disc, which is arranged on a guided through the pressure body shaft. By means of the shaft, the control disk is rotatable such that two sections projecting radially on the control disk simultaneously contact the two spring-biased sealing elements on the flow outlets and on further movement away from the sealing seat on the valve body. Once the sealing elements are spaced from the valve body, the valve can be switched without resulting in wear of the sealing elements.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Welle zum Betätigen der Steuerungsscheibe als Hohlwelle ausgebildet, wobei die Betätigungsstange zum Betätigen des Ventilkörpers durch die Hohlwelle geführt ist. Auf diese Weise muss an dem Druckkörper nur eine Durchbrechung vorgesehen sein, durch die die Betätigungsstange zum Betätigen des Ventilkörpers und die Welle zum Betätigen der Steuerungsscheibe gemeinsam geführt sind.Particularly advantageously, the shaft for actuating the control disk is designed as a hollow shaft, wherein the actuating rod is guided for actuating the valve body through the hollow shaft. In this way, only one opening must be provided on the pressure body, through which the actuating rod for actuating the valve body and the shaft for actuating the control disk are guided together.
Zur Betätigung der Hohlwelle, d.h. zum Drehen der Hohlwelle ist vorzugsweise ein Hydraulikzylinder vorgesehen. Hierbei kann eine lineare Aus- bzw. Einfahrbewegung des Hydraulikzylinders über ein Getriebe, beispielsweise über eine Zahnstange-Zahnrad-Paarung in eine Drehbewegung der Hohlwelle umgewandelt werden.For actuating the hollow shaft, ie for rotating the hollow shaft, a hydraulic cylinder is preferably provided. In this case, a linear extension or retraction movement of the hydraulic cylinder via a transmission, be converted for example via a rack-gear pairing in a rotary motion of the hollow shaft.
Die Drehung der Betätigungsstange zum Schalten des Ventilkörpers erfolgt bevorzugt mit einem Drehantrieb. Hierzu ist die Betätigungsstange mit dem Drehantrieb, bei dem es sich vorzugsweise um einen hydraulisch betätigten Drehmotor handelt, bewegungsverbunden.The rotation of the actuating rod for switching the valve body is preferably carried out with a rotary drive. For this purpose, the actuating rod with the rotary drive, which is preferably a hydraulically actuated rotary motor, motion connected.
Im Bereich des Strömungseinlasses ist der Ventilkörper gegenüber dem Ventilgehäuse vorteilhaft mittels einer Hartstoffdichtung abgedichtet. Die Hartstoffdichtung ist gehäuseseitig des Ventils angeordnet und weist vorteilhaft eine zu der Außenkontur des Ventilkörpers komplementäre Form auf. Als Dichtungsmaterialien können beispielsweise Hartmetall oder Keramik verwendet werden.In the region of the flow inlet, the valve body is advantageously sealed off from the valve housing by means of a hard material seal. The hard material seal is arranged on the housing side of the valve and advantageously has a shape complementary to the outer contour of the valve body. As sealing materials, for example, hard metal or ceramic can be used.
Nachfolgend ist die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in schematischer Schnittdarstellung eine Anordnung eines eine Leitungsverzweigung bildenden Ventils zum Absperren einer durch einen Druckkörper eines Unterseeboots geführten Abgasleitung
- Fig. 2
- eine entlang der Schnittlinie II - II in
Fig. 1 teilgeschnittene Ansicht des Ventils in einer die Abgasleitung verschließenden Schaltstellung - Fig. 3
- eine entlang der Schnittlinie II - II in
Fig. 1 teilgeschnittene Ansicht des Ventils in einer eine Leitungsverbindung zu einem ersten Leitungsstrang der Abgasleitung schaffenden Schaltstellung - Fig. 4
- eine entlang der Schnittlinie II - II in
Fig. 1 teilgeschnittene Ansicht des Ventils in einer eine Leitungsverbindung zu einem zweiten Leitungsstrang der Abgasleitung schaffenden Schaltstellung und - Fig. 5
- eine entlang der Schnittlinie V - V in
Fig. 1 geschnittene Ansicht des Ventils.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic sectional view of an arrangement of a line branching forming valve for shutting off a guided through a pressure hull of a submarine exhaust pipe
- Fig. 2
- one along the section line II - II in
Fig. 1 Partial sectional view of the valve in a closing the exhaust pipe switching position - Fig. 3
- one along the section line II - II in
Fig. 1 partially sectional view of the valve in a line connection to a first wiring harness of the exhaust pipe creating switching position - Fig. 4
- one along the section line II - II in
Fig. 1 partially sectional view of the valve in a line connection to a second wiring harness of the exhaust pipe creating switching position and - Fig. 5
- one along the section line V - V in
Fig. 1 cut view of the valve.
In
Außenseitig des Druckkörpers 2 ist direkt oberhalb der Durchbrechung 4 ein im Wesentlichen in einem Winkel von 90° gekrümmtes Rohrstück 6 über einen an dem Rohrstück 6 ausgebildeten Flansch 8 an dem Druckkörper 2 befestigt. Das Rohrstück 6 bildet einen druckfesten Teil der Abgasleitung.On the outside of the pressure hull 2, a
An dem von dem Druckkörper 2 beabstandeten Ende des Rohrstücks 6 ist an einem dort ausgebildeten Flansch 10 ein Ventil 12 derart angeschlossen, dass das Rohrstück 6 und ein Strömungseinlass 14 des Ventils 12 miteinander strömungsverbunden sind. Wie insbesondere den
Das Ventil 12 ist als ein Drehschieberventil ausgebildet. In einer in dem Ventilgehäuse 20 ausgebildeten Ventilkammer 22 ist ein Ventilkörper 24 um eine Drehachse A drehbar gelagert. Der Ventilkörper 24 ist im Wesentlichen sphärisch ausgebildet, wobei die Kugelkappen in Richtung der Drehachse A des Ventilkörpers 24 abgeschnitten sind, so dass er in Richtung der Drehachse A voneinander beabstandet ebene Stirnflächen bildet. Quer zu seiner Drehachse A wird der Ventilkörper 24 von einem Strömungskanal 26 durchbrochen. Dieser Strömungskanal 26 ist in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Drehachse A in einem Winkel von 120° abgewinkelt ausgebildet (
Zum Schalten des Ventils 12 bzw. zum Drehen des Ventilkörpers 24 ist eine Betätigungsstange 28 vorgesehen. Diese Betätigungsstange 28 ist durch eine Durchbrechung der in
Hierzu zählt die in
Bei Überwasserfahrt des Unterseeboots kann das Ventil 12 in die in
Schließlich kann das Ventil 12 auch in die in
Die
Um die als Weichstoffdichtungen ausgebildeten Dichtelemente 34 und 36 beim Schalten des Ventils 12, d.h. bei Drehung des Ventilkörpers 24 nicht zu beschädigen, sind die Dichtelemente 34 und 36 von dem Dichtsitz an dem Ventilkörper 24 unter weiterer Anspannung der Druckfederelemente 38 wegbewegbar. Dies geschieht mittels einer Steuerungsscheibe 44, die unterhalb des Ventilkörpers 24, d.h. auf der dem Druckkörper 2 zugewandten Seite des Ventilkörpers 24 um die Drehachse A des Ventilkörpers 24 drehbar angeordnet ist. Die Steuerungsscheibe 44 hat im Wesentlichen die Form eines gleichseitigen Dreiecks. Sie ist in dem Ventilgehäuse 20 derart angeordnet, dass sie bei einer Drehung um die Drehachse A gleichzeitig die Dichtelemente 34 und 36 kontaktiert und in eine von dem Ventilkörper 24 beabstandete Position drückt (
Die Betätigung der Steuerungsscheibe 44 erfolgt über eine Hohlwelle 46 (
- 22
- Druckkörperpressure vessels
- 44
- Durchbrechungperforation
- 66
- Rohrstückpipe section
- 88th
- Flanschflange
- 1010
- Flanschflange
- 1212
- VentilValve
- 1414
- Strömungseinlassflow inlet
- 1616
- Strömungsauslassflow outlet
- 1818
- Strömungsauslassflow outlet
- 2020
- Ventilgehäusevalve housing
- 2222
- Ventilkammervalve chamber
- 2424
- Ventilkammervalve chamber
- 2626
- Strömungskanalflow channel
- 2828
- Betätigungsstangeactuating rod
- 3030
- Drehmotorrotary engine
- 3232
- Dichtelementsealing element
- 3434
- Dichtelementsealing element
- 3636
- Dichtelementsealing element
- 3838
- DruckfederelementCompression spring element
- 4040
- Kühlkammercooling chamber
- 4242
- Kühlkammercooling chamber
- 4444
- Steuerungsscheibecontrol disc
- 4646
- Hohlwellehollow shaft
- 4848
- Zahnkranzsprocket
- 5050
- Zahnstangerack
- 5252
- Hydraulikzylinderhydraulic cylinders
- AA
- Drehachseaxis of rotation
Claims (11)
- A submarine with a pressure hull (2), with at least one exhaust gas conduit which is led from the inside of the pressure hull (2) to the outside, characterised in that the exhaust gas conduit outside the pressure hull (2) branches into at least two conduit lines, and with a valve (12) arranged outside the pressure hull (2), for the pressure-tight closure of the exhaust gas conduit, wherein the valve (12) forms a conduit branch and wherein the exhaust gas conduit in a first switch position of the valve (12) may be conductively connected to a first conduit line and in a second switch position to a second conduit line, as well as may be closed in a third switch position.
- A submarine according to claim 1, characterised in that the valve (12) is designed as a rotary valve.
- A submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an angled flow channel (26), preferably angled at an angle of 120°, runs through a valve body (24) of the valve (12).
- A submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the valve body (24) of the valve (12) may be actuated with an actuation rod (28) led through the pressure hull (2).
- A submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the valve body (24) is sealed with respect to a valve housing (20), in the region of the flow outlets (16, 18), by way of spring-biased sealing elements (34, 36), preferably soft-material seals.
- A submarine according to claim 5, characterised in that means for moving the sealing elements (34, 36) are provided, with which the sealing elements (34, 36) may be moved away from a sealing seat bearing on the valve body (24).
- A submarine according to claim 6, characterised in that the means for moving the sealing elements comprise a control disk (44) which is arranged on a shaft (46) led through the pressure hull (2).
- A submarine according to claim 7, characterised in that the shaft (46) is designed as a hollow shaft (46), wherein the actuation rod (28) for actuating the valve body (24) is led through the hollow shaft (46).
- A submarine according to one of the claims 7 or 8, characterised in that the shaft (46) may be actuated by a hydraulic cylinder (52).
- A submarine according to one of the claims 4 to 9, characterised in that the actuation rod (28) is coupled in movement to a rotary drive, preferably to a hydraulically actuated rotary motor (30), for actuating the valve body (24).
- A submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the valve body (24) is sealed with respect to the valve housing (20) in the region of the flow inlet (14), by way of a hard material seal (32).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007025844A DE102007025844B3 (en) | 2007-06-02 | 2007-06-02 | submarine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1997729A1 EP1997729A1 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
EP1997729B1 true EP1997729B1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
Family
ID=39767065
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08007563A Active EP1997729B1 (en) | 2007-06-02 | 2008-04-18 | Submarine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1997729B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101017644B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007025844B3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2386210T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1997729E (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010012157B4 (en) * | 2010-03-20 | 2023-03-23 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Device for guiding an exhaust flow |
KR101466070B1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-27 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Apparatus for controlling exhaust route in submarine |
DE102015213276A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Adjustable exhaust gas guide device |
KR101732496B1 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-05-24 | (주)보고 | Hybrid wetdry midget submarine |
CN106594329A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇九研究所 | Underwater variable depth gas exhausting system outlet side valve protecting system |
CN113501119B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-06-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Magic ball paper folding type bionic jet propeller based on negative pressure |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR355959A (en) * | 1905-07-07 | 1905-11-17 | Simon Lake | Telescopic chimneys for submarine boats |
GB106330A (en) * | 1916-05-19 | 1917-05-21 | Scotts Shipbuilding And Engine | Improvements in or relating to Submarine or Submersible Boats. |
DE3321782A1 (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1984-12-20 | Blohm + Voss Ag, 2000 Hamburg | EXHAUST SYSTEM FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES OF A WATER VEHICLE |
HU210511B (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1995-04-28 | Viktoria Elsoe Magyar Gabona R | Fitting-set mainly for pipes used at milling industry |
DE4103976A1 (en) * | 1990-02-10 | 1991-07-25 | Desch Kurt Michael | Four-way ball valve - has integrated diaphragm valve in insert section of outlet |
KR100558907B1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-03-10 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Submarine with exhaust discharge structure in sailing under water |
FR2882802B3 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2007-06-08 | Michel Emin | CLOSURE AND SEALING DEVICE WITH INTEGRAL PASSAGE AND SEALING WITH SEAT |
-
2007
- 2007-06-02 DE DE102007025844A patent/DE102007025844B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-04-18 EP EP08007563A patent/EP1997729B1/en active Active
- 2008-04-18 PT PT08007563T patent/PT1997729E/en unknown
- 2008-04-18 ES ES08007563T patent/ES2386210T3/en active Active
- 2008-05-07 KR KR1020080042344A patent/KR101017644B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20080106393A (en) | 2008-12-05 |
ES2386210T3 (en) | 2012-08-13 |
EP1997729A1 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
KR101017644B1 (en) | 2011-02-25 |
PT1997729E (en) | 2012-08-30 |
DE102007025844B3 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
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