EP1996423A1 - Hybrid vehicle - Google Patents
Hybrid vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1996423A1 EP1996423A1 EP07702384A EP07702384A EP1996423A1 EP 1996423 A1 EP1996423 A1 EP 1996423A1 EP 07702384 A EP07702384 A EP 07702384A EP 07702384 A EP07702384 A EP 07702384A EP 1996423 A1 EP1996423 A1 EP 1996423A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hybrid vehicle
- energy storage
- hybrid
- energy
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
- B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/60—Navigation input
- B60L2240/66—Ambient conditions
- B60L2240/662—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
- B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
- B60W2510/244—Charge state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
- B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
- B60W2510/246—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2555/00—Input parameters relating to exterior conditions, not covered by groups B60W2552/00, B60W2554/00
- B60W2555/20—Ambient conditions, e.g. wind or rain
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hybrid vehicle with an electrical energy storage, in particular a NiMH or Li-ion accumulator.
- hybrid drive of a motor vehicle is called the combination of different drive principles, or different energy sources for a Antriebsetzgäbe within an application.
- hybridization systems for example micro-hybrid, in which a start-stop operation is made possible, for which purpose the hybrid system works with the existing vehicle electrical system.
- the internal combustion engine can be switched off when the motor vehicle is at a standstill and can be restarted when starting up again without a noticeable time delay.
- hybrid system is possible as a mild hybrid, if an alternative drive form only serves to support the main drive form.
- a full hybrid is the version of a hybrid system in which each of the available drive forms is capable of autonomous action.
- a further increase of the hybrid system is realized in the so-called Power-Hybrid.
- a variant of the hybrid vehicle is designed as a combination of an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors.
- the internal combustion engine can be operated in hybrid drive in a very low efficiency range. Any surplus energy is used by a generator for the electrical charging of the battery.
- the combustion engine and the electric motor work together. sara. For the same acceleration achieved so a smaller internal combustion engine can be provided.
- the reduction of the internal combustion engine compensates in part for the additional weight of the hybrid units.
- a hybrid vehicle has at least one energy store.
- the energy from this energy storage can be used to start the engine, for the electrical consumers in the vehicle and for acceleration operations.
- recuperation During braking and coasting, part of the braking energy is fed back into the battery, called recuperation. Especially in city traffic and when driving downhill, recovery helps reduce fuel consumption. Another advantage of this design is that it can be dispensed with a conventional starter, since the electric motor can take over this function.
- An internal combustion engine delivers high torque in a certain speed range.
- the electric motor on the other hand, already provides the maximum torque during start-up and allows the torque to decrease at higher speeds. By combining the two engines, the better torque can be used and accelerate the vehicle in current interpretations by about 10% to 30% faster.
- Hybrid vehicles typically provide a lower maximum speed through a lower-power combustion engine, which, unlike conventional vehicles, no longer has to be dimensioned for all driving conditions.
- This driving condition for example, at fast highway driving, is the only situation in which a high engine power is typically needed over a longer period of time, which can only be provided by the internal combustion engine.
- the hybrid mechanisms do not work directly in this phase of operation, fuel economy can be achieved by downsizing the internal combustion engine and optimizing the thermal efficiency (Atkinson principle). The acceleration behavior for which both engines are responsible is not affected.
- the hybrid vehicle has a gasoline and an electric motor, which are coupled via a planetary gear to the drive axle.
- driving with a constant load for example, in the march
- drives only the gasoline engine the vehicle while the battery is simultaneously charged by the gasoline engine via the generator.
- the vehicle is driven jointly by both engines.
- energy can be recuperated.
- the energy savings compared to gasoline-powered vehicles of the same vehicle class are up to 30%, depending on the driving cycle.
- a version with a recharging option on the power grid and a larger electrical range has so far only been realized as a prototype (plug-in hybrid).
- the drive of the hybrid vehicle in addition to the gasoline engine comprises two electric motors, one on the front and on the rear axle.
- the overall performance of such a model may, according to current interpretation is about 300 kW, wherein the power distribution is designed, for example, such that the gasoline engine contributes 47% to the total power, the electric motor, which acts on the front axle, 38%, and the electric motor connected to the rear axle 15%.
- the engine power can not be added because the battery can only give a limited power.
- Another design of the drive system provides that the electric motor is not sitting on an axle, but is coupled to a drive train between the engine and transmission.
- Another technical advantage of combining an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors as drive is, inter alia, that secondary systems such as driving stabilization systems, ESP / ABS systems or the like can be operated much more favorably , For example, an approximately ten times faster intervention in the driving situation stabilization compared to an ABS / ESP system with conventional hydraulic power unit, when the electric motors are coupled with an ESP system, possible, so that accordingly a correspondingly increased driving safety is given.
- the invention has for its object to provide a hybrid Fahrzuzu said type, which improves the power output of an electrical energy storage even more and increases the life.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in that the electrical energy store has a thermal insulation.
- the invention is based on the consideration that a motor vehicle is used all year round. Furthermore, at the time of manufacture, the geographical area of application is not yet recognizable. Therefore, the environmental conditions including the outside temperature at the time of use are unpredictable and typically undergo a steady change during the life of the vehicle.
- an electric energy storage device is used in a hybrid vehicle whose power output and service life depend on its immediate ambient conditions, in particular the temperature, this should be kept as constant as possible at a level which is particularly favorable for the energy store.
- the cooling elements are advantageously designed to operate independently of the operation of the hybrid vehicle, by ensuring their energy supply are electrically connected to the energy storage.
- the hybrid vehicle advantageously has a receptacle for the energy storage rather, that can be cooled or heated as needed.
- an evaluation unit is advantageously provided in the hybrid vehicle Ambient temperature detected and evaluated via a preferably provided outside of the hybrid vehicle temperature sensor.
- the hybrid vehicle expediently comprises a control unit which regulates the temperature of the receiving compartment and thus the immediate ambient temperature for the energy store.
- the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the possibility exists of providing a constant power of the energy store for hybrid applications over a broader operating spectrum and a longer period of time. Furthermore, the more favorable temperature range in which the energy store is held leads to a longer service life.
- FIG. 1 shows a hybrid vehicle with a receptacle for the energy storage in section.
- a hybrid vehicle 1 whose drive unit has a combustion and an electric motor, not shown here, comprises at least one electrical energy store 2. Die- This is housed in a suitable location in the hybrid vehicle 1 and electrically connected to the electric motor for its operation.
- the energy storage device 2 is accommodated in a motor vehicle, in particular a hybrid vehicle 1, in the vicinity of the drive unit without consideration of thermal parameters.
- a thermal insulation 4 of the energy storage device 2 provided against the ambient temperature which may be integrated, for example, in the space provided for the energy storage 2 receiving compartment 6.
- the temperature of the energy storage 2 increases by the removal of energy to operate the electric motor in the hybrid vehicle 1. Furthermore, the battery cells of a battery heat during the charging process, for example In order that the temperature can not rise above a value damaging the energy storage and despite the negative influence of the galvanic process in the energy storage 2 by the elevated temperature, the capacity and thus the output power remains constant and after stopping the drive unit of the hybrid vehicle 2 no heat accumulation in the receiving compartment 6 is formed, a number of cooling elements 8 is integrated into the receiving compartment 4, regardless of whether the drive unit of the hybrid vehicle 1 is operated, thedeun Enable the energy storage 2 by taking their energy directly from the energy storage 2.
- cooling elements 8 can be integrated in the receiving compartment 6 of the energy storage device 2. It can also be the entire receptacle 6 provided as a refrigerated compartment, when the expected for the operation of the hybrid vehicle 1 ambient conditions are only temperatures above a minimum value for the energy storage 2 underlying temperature value.
- the temperature-influencing element of the receiving compartment 6 is not designed exclusively as a cooling, but also as a heating element. This means for the cooling element 8, the choice of the demand-oriented position for use as cooling or heating for the energy storage. 2
- the hybrid vehicle 1 comprises a temperature sensor 10 and an evaluation unit 12 connected thereto.
- the information of the evaluation unit 12 are processed in a control unit 14, which regulates the temperature via the cooling / heating element 8 in the receiving compartment 6 with the specification of a particularly suitable temperature preset for the energy storage device 2.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
A hybrid vehicle (1) having an electrical energy store (2) should permit an improvement in power output and an increase in service life of the electrical energy store (2). For this purpose, according to the invention, thermal insulation (4) is provided.
Description
Beschreibungdescription
Hybridfahrzeughybrid vehicle
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Hybridfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher, insbesondere einem NiMH- oder Li-Ionen-Akkumulator .The invention relates to a hybrid vehicle with an electrical energy storage, in particular a NiMH or Li-ion accumulator.
Als Hybridantrieb eines Kraftfahrzeuges bezeichnet man die Kombination verschiedener Antriebsprinzipien, oder verschiedener Energiequellen für eine Antriebsaufgäbe innerhalb einer Anwendung. Man unterscheidet zwischen verschiedenen Hybridi- sierungssystemen, beispielsweise Micro-Hybrid, bei dem ein Start-Stopp-Betrieb ermöglicht wird, wobei hierzu das Hybrid- System mit dem vorhandenen Bordnetz arbeitet. Im Micro-Hybrid-System kann der Verbrennungsmotor bei Stillstand des Kraftfahrzeugs abgeschaltet und beim erneuten Anfahren ohne spürbare zeitliche Verzögerung wieder gestartet werden. Damit sind deutliche KraftStoffeinsparüngen, beispielsweise bei Nutzung des. Hybridfahrzeugs in einem typischen innerstädtischen Stop-and-go-Verkehr, möglich.As a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle is called the combination of different drive principles, or different energy sources for a Antriebsaufgäbe within an application. A distinction is made between different hybridization systems, for example micro-hybrid, in which a start-stop operation is made possible, for which purpose the hybrid system works with the existing vehicle electrical system. In the micro-hybrid system, the internal combustion engine can be switched off when the motor vehicle is at a standstill and can be restarted when starting up again without a noticeable time delay. Thus, significant fuel savings, for example, when using the hybrid vehicle in a typical urban stop-and-go traffic, possible.
Eine weitere Ausführung des Hybridsystems ist möglich als Mild-Hybrid, wenn eine alternative Antriebsform nur zur Un- terstützung der Hauptantriebsform dient. Als Voll-Hybrid wird diejenige Ausführung eines Hybridsystems bezeichnet, bei der jede der zur Verfügung stehenden Antriebsformen in der Lage ist, autonom zu agieren. Eine weitere Steigerung des Hybridsystems wird im so genannten- Power-Hybrid realisiert.Another embodiment of the hybrid system is possible as a mild hybrid, if an alternative drive form only serves to support the main drive form. A full hybrid is the version of a hybrid system in which each of the available drive forms is capable of autonomous action. A further increase of the hybrid system is realized in the so-called Power-Hybrid.
Eine Variante des Hybridfahrzeuges ist als Kombination eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einem oder mehreren Elektromotoren ausgeführt . Der Verbrennungsmotor kann beim Hybridantrieb in einem sehr günstigen Wirkungsgradbereich betrieben werden. Anfallende überschüssige Energie wird über einen Generator für die elektrische Aufladung der Batterie verwendet. Beim Beschleunigen arbeiten Verbrennungs- und Elektromotor gemein-
sara. Bei gleicher erzielter Beschleunigung kann also ein kleinerer Verbrennungsmotor vorgesehen werden. Die Verkleinerung des Verbrennungsmotors kompensiert dabei zum Teil das zusätzliche Gewicht der Hybrid-Aggregate .A variant of the hybrid vehicle is designed as a combination of an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors. The internal combustion engine can be operated in hybrid drive in a very low efficiency range. Any surplus energy is used by a generator for the electrical charging of the battery. During acceleration, the combustion engine and the electric motor work together. sara. For the same acceleration achieved so a smaller internal combustion engine can be provided. The reduction of the internal combustion engine compensates in part for the additional weight of the hybrid units.
Ein Hybridfahrzeug weist mindestens einen Energiespeicher auf. Die Energie aus diesem Energiespeicher kann zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors, für die elektrischen Verbraucher im Fahrzeug und für Beschleunigungsvorgänge genutzt werden.A hybrid vehicle has at least one energy store. The energy from this energy storage can be used to start the engine, for the electrical consumers in the vehicle and for acceleration operations.
Beim Bremsen und im Schubbetrieb wird ein Teil der Bremsenergie in die Batterie zurückgeführt, als Rekuperation bezeichnet . Insbesondere im Stadtverkehr und bei Bergabfahrten trägt die Rückgewinnung zur Verbrauchsminderung bei . Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser Auslegung ist, dass auf einen konventionellen Anlasser verzichtet werden kann, da der Elektromotor diese Funktion übernehmen kann.During braking and coasting, part of the braking energy is fed back into the battery, called recuperation. Especially in city traffic and when driving downhill, recovery helps reduce fuel consumption. Another advantage of this design is that it can be dispensed with a conventional starter, since the electric motor can take over this function.
Ein Verbrennungsmotor liefert in einem bestimmten Drehzahl- bereich ein hohes Drehmoment. Der Elektromotor dagegen stellt schon beim Anfahren das maximale Drehmoment zur Verfügung und lässt bei höherer Drehzahl im Drehmoment nach. Durch Kombination der beiden Motoren kann das jeweils bessere Drehmoment genutzt werden und das Fahrzeug in derzeitigen Auslegungen um etwa 10 % bis 30 % schneller beschleunigen.An internal combustion engine delivers high torque in a certain speed range. The electric motor, on the other hand, already provides the maximum torque during start-up and allows the torque to decrease at higher speeds. By combining the two engines, the better torque can be used and accelerate the vehicle in current interpretations by about 10% to 30% faster.
Des Weiteren führt der günstigere Betriebsbereich des Verbrennungsmotors zu geringeren Emissionen. Dies gilt sowohl für toxische Emissionen als auch für den Ausstoß des Treib- hausgases CO2 als eine unmittelbare Folge des geringeren Kraftstoffverbrauchs .Furthermore, the more favorable operating range of the internal combustion engine leads to lower emissions. This applies both to toxic emissions and to the emission of the greenhouse gas CO 2 as a direct consequence of lower fuel consumption.
Hybridfahrzeuge leisten typischerweise durch einen leistungsärmeren Verbrennungsmotor, der im Gegensatz zu konventionel- len Fahrzeugen nicht mehr für alle Fahrzustände dimensioniert sein muss, eine geringere Höchstgeschwindigkeit. Dieser Fahrzustand, beispielsweise bei schneller Autobahnfahrt, ist die
einzige Situation, bei dem typischerweise über eine längere Zeitspanne eine hohe Motorleistung benötigt wird, die nur vom Verbrennungsmotor bereitgestellt werden kann. In dieser Betriebsphase wirken die Hybrid-Mechanismen zwar direkt nicht, aber über Downsizing des Verbrennungsmotors und Optimierung des thermischen Wirkungsgrades (Atkinson-Prinzip) kann auch hier eine Verbrauchseinsparung erzielt werden. Das Beschleunigungsverhalten, für das beide Motoren verantwortlich sind, ist davon nicht betroffen.Hybrid vehicles typically provide a lower maximum speed through a lower-power combustion engine, which, unlike conventional vehicles, no longer has to be dimensioned for all driving conditions. This driving condition, for example, at fast highway driving, is the only situation in which a high engine power is typically needed over a longer period of time, which can only be provided by the internal combustion engine. Although the hybrid mechanisms do not work directly in this phase of operation, fuel economy can be achieved by downsizing the internal combustion engine and optimizing the thermal efficiency (Atkinson principle). The acceleration behavior for which both engines are responsible is not affected.
Es sind mehrere Versionen der Ausgestaltung eines Fahrzeuges mit Hybridantrieb und der Kombination eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einem oder mehreren Elektromotoren möglich. In einer möglichen Version besitzt das Hybridfahrzeug einen Ben- zin- und einen Elektromotor, die über ein Planetengetriebe an die Antriebsachse gekoppelt sind. Betriebszustände, in denen der Verbrennungsmotor nur einen geringen Wirkungsgrad aufweist, beispielsweise Anfahren oder Stadtverkehr, werden vom Elektromotor mit seinem sehr viel höheren Wirkungsgrad über- nommen. Bei Bedarf kann der Verbrennungsmotor auch komplett abgeschaltet werden. Bei Fahrt mit gleichbleibender Last, beispielsweise im Marschbetrieb, treibt allein der Benzinmotor das Fahrzeug an, während die Batterie gleichzeitig vom Benzinmotor über den Generator geladen wird. Bei stärkerer Last wird das Fahrzeug von beiden Motoren gemeinsam angetrieben. Im Motorbremsbetrieb kann Energie rekuperiert werden. Die Energieeinsparung gegenüber benzingetriebenen Fahrzeugen der gleichen Fahrzeugklasse beträgt je nach Fahrzyklus bis zu 30 %. Eine Version mit Nachlademöglichkeit am Stromnetz und größerer elektrischer Reichweite ist bisher ausschließlich als Prototyp realisiert (Plug-in-Hybrid) .There are several versions of the design of a vehicle with hybrid drive and the combination of an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors possible. In one possible version, the hybrid vehicle has a gasoline and an electric motor, which are coupled via a planetary gear to the drive axle. Operating states in which the internal combustion engine has only a low degree of efficiency, for example start-up or city traffic, are taken over by the electric motor with its much higher efficiency. If necessary, the combustion engine can also be switched off completely. When driving with a constant load, for example, in the march, drives only the gasoline engine, the vehicle while the battery is simultaneously charged by the gasoline engine via the generator. At heavier load, the vehicle is driven jointly by both engines. During engine braking, energy can be recuperated. The energy savings compared to gasoline-powered vehicles of the same vehicle class are up to 30%, depending on the driving cycle. A version with a recharging option on the power grid and a larger electrical range has so far only been realized as a prototype (plug-in hybrid).
In einer anderen Auslegung, beispielsweise zur Steigerung der Fahrleistungen in unwegsamem Gelände, umfasst der Antrieb des Hybridfahrzeuges neben dem Benzinmotor zwei Elektromotoren, je einen auf der Vorder- und auf der Hinterachse. Die Gesamtleistung eines solchen Modells kann nach aktueller Auslegung
über 300 kW betragen, wobei die Kraftverteilung beispielsweise derart ausgelegt ist, dass der Benzinmotor 47 % zur Gesamtleistung beiträgt, der Elektromotor, dessen Antrieb auf die Vorderachse einwirkt, 38 %, sowie der mit der Hinterachse verbundene Elektromotor 15 %. Allerdings können die Motorenleistungen nicht addiert werden, da die Batterie nur eine begrenzte Leistung abgeben kann.In another design, for example, to increase the driving performance in rough terrain, the drive of the hybrid vehicle in addition to the gasoline engine comprises two electric motors, one on the front and on the rear axle. The overall performance of such a model may, according to current interpretation is about 300 kW, wherein the power distribution is designed, for example, such that the gasoline engine contributes 47% to the total power, the electric motor, which acts on the front axle, 38%, and the electric motor connected to the rear axle 15%. However, the engine power can not be added because the battery can only give a limited power.
Eine weitere Auslegung des Antriebssystems sieht vor, dass der Elektromotor nicht auf einer Achse sitzt, sondern auf einen Antriebsstrang zwischen Motor und Getriebe gekoppelt ist. Dadurch wird gegenüber den vorher genannten Ausführungen wesentlich an vorzuhaltender Technik eingespart, was wiederum zu einem niedrigeren Leistungsbedarf führt .Another design of the drive system provides that the electric motor is not sitting on an axle, but is coupled to a drive train between the engine and transmission. As a result, in comparison with the previously mentioned embodiments, there is a considerable saving in the technology to be kept, which in turn leads to a lower power requirement.
Neben den genanntem die Antriebseigenschaften des Fahrzeugs begünstigenden Vorteilen liegt ein weiterer technischer Vorteil der Kombination eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einem oder mehreren Elektromotoren als Antrieb unter anderem auch darin, dass Sekundärsysteme wie beispielsweise Fahrstabilisierungs- systeme, ESP/ABS-Systeme oder dergleichen deutlich günstiger betrieben werden können. Beispielsweise ist damit ein ca. zehnmal schnellerer Eingriff in die Fahrsituationsstabilisie- rung gegenüber einem ABS/ESP-System mit herkömmlichem Hydrau- likaggregat, wenn die Elektromotoren mit einem ESP-System gekoppelt sind, möglich, so dass demzufolge eine entsprechend erhöhte Fahrsicherheit gegeben ist.In addition to the mentioned advantages that favor the drive properties of the vehicle, another technical advantage of combining an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors as drive is, inter alia, that secondary systems such as driving stabilization systems, ESP / ABS systems or the like can be operated much more favorably , For example, an approximately ten times faster intervention in the driving situation stabilization compared to an ABS / ESP system with conventional hydraulic power unit, when the electric motors are coupled with an ESP system, possible, so that accordingly a correspondingly increased driving safety is given.
Der Betrieb eines Hybridfahrzeuges setzt die hohe Leistungs- fähigkeit eines elektrischen Energiespeichers voraus, der darüber hinaus eine möglichst hohe Lebens- und Verwendungs- dauer besitzen soll .The operation of a hybrid vehicle requires the high performance of an electrical energy store, which should also have the highest possible life and use duration.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Hybridfahrzueg der genannten Art anzugeben, das die Leistungsabgabe eines elektrischen Energiespeichers noch mehr verbessert und die Lebensdauer erhöht .
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst, indem der elektrische Energiespeicher eine thermische Isolierung aufweist.The invention has for its object to provide a hybrid Fahrzuzu said type, which improves the power output of an electrical energy storage even more and increases the life. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the electrical energy store has a thermal insulation.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche .Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung geht von der Überlegung aus, dass ein Kraftfahrzeug ganzjährig eingesetzt wird. Des Weiteren ist zum Zeitpunkt der Fertigung der geographische Einsatzbereich noch nicht erkennbar. Daher sind auch die Umgebungsbedingungen einschließlich der Außentemperatur zum Zeitpunkt des Einsatzes nicht vorhersehbar und unterliegen während der Lebensdauer des Fahrzeuges typischerweise einem stetigen Wandel .The invention is based on the consideration that a motor vehicle is used all year round. Furthermore, at the time of manufacture, the geographical area of application is not yet recognizable. Therefore, the environmental conditions including the outside temperature at the time of use are unpredictable and typically undergo a steady change during the life of the vehicle.
Da in einem Hybridfahrzeug ein elektrischer Energiespeicher Verwendung findet, dessen Leistungsabgabe sowie Lebensdauer von seinen unmittelbaren Umgebungsbedingungen, insbesondere der Temperatur, abhängig ist, sollte diese möglichst konstant auf einem für den Energiespeicher besonders günstigen Niveau gehalten werden.Since an electric energy storage device is used in a hybrid vehicle whose power output and service life depend on its immediate ambient conditions, in particular the temperature, this should be kept as constant as possible at a level which is particularly favorable for the energy store.
Damit bei Stillstand des Hybridfahrzeuges und Abstellen des Antriebsmotors die Kühlung für den Energiespeicher, besonders bei hohen Außentemperaturen und/oder thermischer Abstrahlung des Verbrennungsmotors, aufrechterhalten bleibt, sind die Kühlelemente vorteilhafterweise auf eine Funktionsfähigkeit unabhängig vom Betrieb des Hybridfahrzeuges ausgelegt, indem sie zur Sicherstellung ihrer Energieversorgung elektrisch mit dem Energiespeicher verbunden sind.In order for the cooling of the energy storage device, especially at high ambient temperatures and / or thermal radiation of the internal combustion engine is maintained at standstill of the hybrid vehicle and stopping the drive motor, the cooling elements are advantageously designed to operate independently of the operation of the hybrid vehicle, by ensuring their energy supply are electrically connected to the energy storage.
Um den Energiespeicher im Hybridfahrzeug unter thermischen Gesichtspunkten in einem möglichst günstigen Bereich unterbringen und seine unmittelbare Umgebungstemperatur konstant auf einer vorgegebenen, für den Energiespeicher besonders geeigneten Temperatur halten zu können, weist das Hybridfahrzeug vorteilhafterweise ein Aufnahmefach für den Energiespei-
eher auf, das bedarfsabhängig gekühlt oder geheizt werden kann.In order to accommodate the energy storage in the hybrid vehicle under thermal aspects in the best possible range and to be able to keep its immediate ambient temperature constant at a predetermined, particularly suitable for the energy storage temperature, the hybrid vehicle advantageously has a receptacle for the energy storage rather, that can be cooled or heated as needed.
Um die jeweils aktuellen Umgebungsbedingungen, in denen der Betrieb des Hybridfahrzeugs erfolgt, und somit die Parameter für die thermische Behandlung des Energiespeichers aufnehmen und einen Sollwert für die Temperaturregelung seiner unmittelbaren Umgebungstemperatur festlegen zu können, ist im Hybridfahrzeug vorteilhafterweise eine Auswerteeinheit vorgese- hen, die die Umgebungstemperatur über einen vorzugsweise außen am Hybridfahrzeug vorgesehenen Temperaturfühler erfasst und auswertet .In order to be able to record the respective current ambient conditions in which the operation of the hybrid vehicle takes place and thus the parameters for the thermal treatment of the energy accumulator and to set a desired value for the temperature control of its immediate ambient temperature, an evaluation unit is advantageously provided in the hybrid vehicle Ambient temperature detected and evaluated via a preferably provided outside of the hybrid vehicle temperature sensor.
Zur Berücksichtigung des von der Auswerteeinheit ermittelten, von der Umgebungstemperatur des Hybridfahrzeugs und des für einen vorgegebenen, besonders günstigen Temperaturbereich des Energiespeichers abhängigen Sollwertes umfasst das Hybridfahrzeug zweckmäßigerweise eine Regeleinheit, die die Temperatur des Aufnahmefachs und somit die unmittelbare Umgebungs- temperatur für den Energiespeicher regelt.In order to take into account the setpoint determined by the evaluation unit, which depends on the ambient temperature of the hybrid vehicle and for a given, particularly favorable temperature range of the energy store, the hybrid vehicle expediently comprises a control unit which regulates the temperature of the receiving compartment and thus the immediate ambient temperature for the energy store.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass die Möglichkeit besteht, über ein breiteres Betriebsspektrum und einen längeren Zeitraum eine konstante Leistung des Energiespeichers für Hybridanwendungen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Des Weiteren führt der günstigere Temperaturbereich, in dem der Energiespeicher gehalten wird, zu einer höheren Lebensdauer .The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the possibility exists of providing a constant power of the energy store for hybrid applications over a broader operating spectrum and a longer period of time. Furthermore, the more favorable temperature range in which the energy store is held leads to a longer service life.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einerAn embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to a
Zeichnung näher erläutert . Darin zeigt die Figur ein Hybridfahrzeug mit einem Aufnahmefach für den Energiespeicher im Schnitt .Drawing explained in more detail. Therein, the figure shows a hybrid vehicle with a receptacle for the energy storage in section.
Ein Hybridfahrzeug 1, dessen Antriebseinheit einen hier nicht dargestellten Verbrennungs- und einen Elektromotor aufweist, umfasst mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher 2. Die-
ser ist an geeigneter Stelle im Hybridfahrzeug 1 untergebracht und elektrisch mit dem Elektromotor zu dessen Betrieb verbunden .A hybrid vehicle 1, whose drive unit has a combustion and an electric motor, not shown here, comprises at least one electrical energy store 2. Die- This is housed in a suitable location in the hybrid vehicle 1 and electrically connected to the electric motor for its operation.
Üblicherweise ist der Energiespeicher 2 in einem Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere einem Hybridfahrzeug 1, in der Nähe der Antriebseinheit untergebracht ohne Berücksichtigung thermischer Parameter. Da aber sowohl die Leistungsfähigkeit als auch die Lebensdauer des Energiespeichers 2 in Abhängigkeit von der Umgebungstemperatur des Energiespeichers 2 stehen und im Betrieb des Hybridfahrzeuges 1 einsatz-, Jahreszeit- und witterungsabhängig Temperaturschwankungen auftreten können, ist zur Reduzierung der Auswirkungen der Temperaturschwankungen auf den Energiespeicher 2 eine thermische Isolierung 4 des Energiespeichers 2 gegen die Umgebungstemperatur vorgesehen, die beispielsweise in das für den Energiespeicher 2 vorgesehene Aufnahmefach 6 integriert sein kann.Usually, the energy storage device 2 is accommodated in a motor vehicle, in particular a hybrid vehicle 1, in the vicinity of the drive unit without consideration of thermal parameters. However, since both the performance and the life of the energy storage device 2 are dependent on the ambient temperature of the energy storage device 2 and can occur during operation of the hybrid vehicle 1, seasonal and weather-dependent temperature fluctuations, is to reduce the effects of temperature fluctuations on the energy storage 2 a thermal insulation 4 of the energy storage device 2 provided against the ambient temperature, which may be integrated, for example, in the space provided for the energy storage 2 receiving compartment 6.
Aufgrund der Funktionsweise von Batteriezellen eines elektri- sehen Energiespeichers 2 erwärmen sich diese durch Entladen, d. h. die Eigentemperatur des Energiespeichers 2 steigt durch die Entnahme von Energie zum Betrieb des Elektromotors im Hybridfahrzeugs 1. Des Weiteren erwärmen sich die Batteriezellen eines Akkumulators während des Ladeprozesses, beispiels- weise bei der Aufladung des Energiespeichers 2 im Betrieb des Hybridfahrzeuges 1. Damit die Temperatur nicht über einen den Energiespeicher schädigenden Wert ansteigen kann und trotz der negativen Beeinflussung des galvanischen Prozesses im Energiespeicher 2 durch die erhöhte Temperatur die Kapazität und somit die abzugebende Leistung konstant bleibt sowie nach dem Abstellen der Antriebseinheit des Hybridfahrzeuges 2 kein Hitzestau im Aufnahmefach 6 entsteht, ist eine Anzahl von Kühlelementen 8 in das Aufnahmefach 4 integriert, die unabhängig davon, ob die Antriebseinheit des Hybridfahrzeuges 1 betrieben wird, die Kühlung des Energiespeichers 2 ermöglichen, indem sie ihre Energieversorgung direkt aus dem Energiespeicher 2 beziehen.
Diese Kühlelemente 8 können in das Aufnahmefach 6 des Energiespeichers 2 integriert sein. Es kann auch das gesamte Aufnahmefach 6 als Kühlfach vorgesehen sein, wenn die für den Betrieb des Hybridfahrzeuges 1 zu erwartenden Umgebungsbedingungen ausschließlich Temperaturen oberhalb eines als Mindestwert für den Energiespeicher 2 zugrundeliegenden Temperaturwertes liegen.Due to the operation of battery cells of an electrical energy storage 2 see these heat by discharging, ie the temperature of the energy storage 2 increases by the removal of energy to operate the electric motor in the hybrid vehicle 1. Furthermore, the battery cells of a battery heat during the charging process, for example In order that the temperature can not rise above a value damaging the energy storage and despite the negative influence of the galvanic process in the energy storage 2 by the elevated temperature, the capacity and thus the output power remains constant and after stopping the drive unit of the hybrid vehicle 2 no heat accumulation in the receiving compartment 6 is formed, a number of cooling elements 8 is integrated into the receiving compartment 4, regardless of whether the drive unit of the hybrid vehicle 1 is operated, the Kühlun Enable the energy storage 2 by taking their energy directly from the energy storage 2. These cooling elements 8 can be integrated in the receiving compartment 6 of the energy storage device 2. It can also be the entire receptacle 6 provided as a refrigerated compartment, when the expected for the operation of the hybrid vehicle 1 ambient conditions are only temperatures above a minimum value for the energy storage 2 underlying temperature value.
Ist eine vorherige Festlegung auf einen Temperaturbereich nicht möglich,' ist das temperaturbeeinflussende Element des Aufnahmefachs 6 nicht ausschließlich als kühlendes, sondern auch als wärmendes Element auszuführen. Das bedeutet für das Kühlelement 8 die Wahlmöglichkeit der bedarfsgerechten Ein- Stellung für die Benutzung als Kühlung oder Heizung für den Energiespeicher 2.If a prior determination of a temperature range is not possible, 'the temperature-influencing element of the receiving compartment 6 is not designed exclusively as a cooling, but also as a heating element. This means for the cooling element 8, the choice of the demand-oriented position for use as cooling or heating for the energy storage. 2
Die Eigentemperatur des Energiespeichers 2, d. h. die Abkühlung oder Erwärmung gegenüber einem vorgegebenen, optimalen Wert, basiert sowohl auf der Beeinflussung durch Energieabgabe und/oder Aufladung als auch auf der Umgebungstemperatur. Um diese Umgebungstemperatur zu erfassen und für das Aufnahmefach 6 und/oder den Energiespeicher 2 auszuwerten, umfasst das Hybridfahrzeug 1 einen Temperaturfühler 10 und eine mit diesem verbundene Auswerteeinheit 12.The self-temperature of the energy storage 2, d. H. the cooling or heating compared to a predetermined, optimal value, based both on the influence of energy release and / or charging and on the ambient temperature. In order to detect this ambient temperature and to evaluate it for the receiving compartment 6 and / or the energy store 2, the hybrid vehicle 1 comprises a temperature sensor 10 and an evaluation unit 12 connected thereto.
Die Informationen der Auswerteeinheit 12 werden in einer Regeleinheit 14 verarbeitet, die die Temperatur über das Kühl- /Heizelement 8 im Aufnahmefach 6 mit der Vorgabe einer beson- ders geeigneten Temperaturvoreinstellung für den Energiespeicher 2 regelt .
BezugszeichenlisteThe information of the evaluation unit 12 are processed in a control unit 14, which regulates the temperature via the cooling / heating element 8 in the receiving compartment 6 with the specification of a particularly suitable temperature preset for the energy storage device 2. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Hybridfahrzeug1 hybrid vehicle
2 Energiespeicher 4 thermische Isolierung2 energy storage 4 thermal insulation
6 Aufnahmefach6 storage compartment
8 Kühl-/Heizelement8 cooling / heating element
10 Temperaturfühler10 temperature sensors
12 . Auswerteeinheit 14 Regeleinheit
12 . Evaluation unit 14 control unit
Claims
1. Hybridfahrzeug (1) mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher (2) , insbesondere einem NiMH- oder Li-Ionen-Akkumulator, der eine thermische Isolierung (4) aufweist.1. hybrid vehicle (1) with an electrical energy store (2), in particular a NiMH or Li-ion accumulator, which has a thermal insulation (4).
2. Hybridfahrzeug (1) nach Anspruch 1, das eine Anzahl vom Betrieb des Hybridfahrzeuges (1) unabhängiger Kühlelemente (8) für den Energiespeieher (2) aufweist.2. Hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 1, which has a number of operation of the hybrid vehicle (1) independent cooling elements (8) for the energy detector (2).
3. Hybridfahrzeug (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, das ein Aufnahmefach (6) für den Energiespeicher (2) umfasst .3. Hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises a receiving compartment (6) for the energy store (2).
4. Hybridfahrzeug (1) nach Anspruch 3, dessen Aufnahmefach (6) für den Energiespeicher (2) als Kühlfach ausgelegt ist.4. Hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 3, the receiving compartment (6) for the energy storage (2) is designed as a refrigerated compartment.
5. Hybridfahrzeug (1) nach Anspruch 3, dessen Aufnahmefach (6) für den Energiespeicher (2) eine Anzahl von Heizelementen (8) umfasst.5. hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 3, the receiving compartment (6) for the energy store (2) comprises a number of heating elements (8).
6. Hybridfahrzeug (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, das eine Regeleinheit (14) für die Temperaturregelung des Aufnahmefachs (6) für den Energiespeicher (2) umfasst .6. hybrid vehicle (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, comprising a control unit (14) for the temperature control of the receiving compartment (6) for the energy storage device (2).
7. Hybridfahrzeug (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, das eine Auswerteeinheit (12) für die Umgebungstemperatur um- fasst . 7. Hybrid vehicle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises an evaluation unit (12) for the ambient temperature.
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US20090064696A1 (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2009-03-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Automotive climate system and method of controlling same |
US8359133B2 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2013-01-22 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Engine power elevation and active battery charge energy management strategies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles |
US8612078B2 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-12-17 | Bae Systems Controls Inc. | Parallel hybrid electric vehicle power management system and adaptive power management method and program therefor |
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US4126734A (en) * | 1977-07-15 | 1978-11-21 | Gary Walters | Battery insulator apparatus |
US4858565A (en) * | 1988-07-11 | 1989-08-22 | J. I. Case Company | Engine component heating and cooling assembly |
JP3125198B2 (en) * | 1991-12-04 | 2001-01-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Battery temperature control device for electric vehicle |
JP3044975B2 (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 2000-05-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Battery heating device for electric vehicles |
US5449571A (en) * | 1993-11-29 | 1995-09-12 | Store Heat And Produce Energy, Inc. | Encapsulations for thermal management system for battery |
JPH1012286A (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Fluid heating circulating device of automobile |
US6330925B1 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 2001-12-18 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Hybrid electric vehicle incorporating an integrated propulsion system |
JPH11164401A (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-06-18 | Yazaki Corp | Battery control device for electric vehicle |
US6410185B1 (en) * | 1999-02-15 | 2002-06-25 | Sony Corporation | Battery device for loading on moving body |
US6394210B2 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2002-05-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Temperature controller for vehicular battery |
JP3777981B2 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2006-05-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle power supply |
JP2004026008A (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2004-01-29 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell electric vehicle |
JP4221998B2 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2009-02-12 | スズキ株式会社 | Electric equipment fixing structure of vehicle |
US7025159B2 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-04-11 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Cooling system for a vehicle battery |
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