EP1993222B1 - Method allowing mobile TV broadcasting on a single frequency and minimising interference with fixed TV receivers - Google Patents
Method allowing mobile TV broadcasting on a single frequency and minimising interference with fixed TV receivers Download PDFInfo
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- EP1993222B1 EP1993222B1 EP08290317A EP08290317A EP1993222B1 EP 1993222 B1 EP1993222 B1 EP 1993222B1 EP 08290317 A EP08290317 A EP 08290317A EP 08290317 A EP08290317 A EP 08290317A EP 1993222 B1 EP1993222 B1 EP 1993222B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
- H04H20/67—Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/12—Arrangements for observation, testing or troubleshooting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cellular radio networks and is intended to provide a radio coverage that can broadcast programs for example according to DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast - Handheld) or other standards of mobile broadcasting. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of establishing a radio coverage for digital broadcasting with a single UHF (Ultra High Frequencies) frequency to mobile radio terminals over a wide territory and minimizing interference generated on fixed TV receivers. analog or digital. The invention also relates to a broadcast network (for example DVB-H) addressing the mobile terminals in the UHF band and for reducing the interference generated on the fixed TV receivers.
- DVB-H Digital Video Broadcast - Handheld
- Digital transmission technologies such as DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial) digital-terrestrial video broadcasting for Europe and Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (Terrestrial) digital broadcasting for Japan, have enter the TV broadcast in the digital age.
- DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial
- Tele Services Digital Broadcasting Terestrial
- the emerging DVB-H standard is a further step from the DVB-T standard, making it possible to receive digital broadcasting via mobile terminals. We must now distinguish fixed TV from mobile TV.
- DVB-H networks require from the design stage to consider the characteristics of the particular conditions of use in the receiving the TV via a portable and mobile receiver. Like mobile telephony, it must be taken into account that these uses occur mainly inside buildings and on the move.
- TNT-type television and analogue television generally have transmitters and receivers with the same location. Their protection ratios and their respective powers ensure correct operation of the one and the other even on adjacent channels.
- DVB-H technology which reduces the consumption of mobile terminals thanks to the Time Slicing technology
- 10 to 20 times more sites are needed to provide radio coverage. This is due to the lack of rooftop gain antennas and propagation losses to provide indoor coverage inside buildings.
- the coexistence between DVB-T and DVB-H on adjacent or more distant channels in the band is difficult to achieve because there may be such a difference in field between the fixed reception (intended to be received by a roof antenna ) and mobile reception in an apartment that the DVB-T receivers may become desensitized when the fixed receiving antenna is close enough to the DVB-H transmit antenna.
- a fixed TV receiver is close to a DVB-H transmitter and further away from a DVB-T transmitter simply because a DVB-H network comprises 10 to 20 times more sites than a DVB-T network.
- the standard specifying the manufacturing of the receivers indicates that the field differential must not exceed 29dB whereas in the case DVB-H / DVB-T, the differential is 39dB minimum.
- the latter consists of reissuing all fixed TV channels from each DVB-H transmitter, in order to maintain a sufficient protection ratio.
- This method has the disadvantage of being complex and expensive.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to eliminate one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art by defining a method of establishing, via a network, a radio coverage allowing a distribution over a very wide area with a single UHF frequency, eg DVB-H or any other digital broadcast standard, minimizing interference to fixed TV receivers and ensuring appropriate quality of service for subscribers.
- a single UHF frequency eg DVB-H or any other digital broadcast standard
- the invention thus makes it possible to minimize or eliminate any jamming zones.
- the collinear arrangement of the mobile TV broadcast oriented beams and the analog / digital TV (fixed TV) receiving antennas makes it possible to obtain an additional decoupling of at least 10 to 15 dB with respect to a random arrangement that would result conventional multidirectional engineering or in some cases the main radiation of the mobile TV broadcast secondary sites would be in the main beam of fixed TV reception antennas.
- the method thus facilitates the deployment of a DVB-H type network over a large area, for example the size of a region or even whole France, and more generally over large geographical areas.
- the process simplifies the engineering of the sites to be implanted in the context of DVB-H networks based on a large number of repeaters (or re-transmitters), which can be installed on sites of origin of cellular telephony.
- a satisfactory mobile TV radio coverage can be obtained without a significant increase in the number of sites (whereas the radiation of the secondary sites is no longer multidirectional) and without disturbing the terrestrial reception by antenna.
- the method according to the invention therefore provides a solution to allow reuse the same frequency without significant inconvenience or constraint as to the surface area to be served, minimizing the number of transmitters needed to establish the radio coverage.
- the orientation step towards the broadcasting equipment is carried out for all said directional peripheral transmitters.
- Mobile TV network engineering is thus carried out in which each of the antennae of the transmission sites is oriented towards the main TV transmitter in the UHF band (that is to say with a collinear orientation with the TV reception antennas. each point of the coverage area).
- the orientation step is performed during the installation of each of the directional peripheral emitters.
- the step of extending the radio coverage is performed concentrically around the location of said first transmitter (the radio transmission made by the first transmitter can be broadcast in at least two directions opposing privileges and more generally omnidirectionally).
- the power of the first transmitter is between 1 kW and 10 kW, while the power of each directional peripheral transmitter is two to two hundred times less than the power of the first transmitter.
- the installation step of the system is performed in a plurality of coexistence zones each associated with a broadcasting equipment for fixed TV programs, said first implementation step being carried out for each of the equipment, step d orienting directional peripheral transmitters of two adjacent adjacent coexistence zones to be oriented substantially back-to-back or more generally, to be oriented differently to each of the fixed-TV broadcast transmitters.
- the peripheral transmitters form respective radio cells together defining a radio coverage extending the radio coverage allowed by said first transmitter, the peripheral transmitters being digital broadcast transmitters arranged at a maximum of forty meters from the ground.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a network adapted to allow broadcasting over an extended territory, providing continuous coverage that takes into account the problem of interference with fixed TV transmission networks.
- two adjacent crowns of different concentricities have the directions of the secondary transmitters oriented towards a fixed TV transmitter, the secondary transmitters of a first of said two adjacent rings having their direction directed towards the fixed TV transmitter corresponding to the center of concentricity of said first ring, the secondary emitters of a second of said two adjacent rings having their direction directed towards the fixed TV transmitter corresponding to the center of concentricity of said second ring.
- the transmitting sites are arranged to send frames constituting an OFDM modulated symbol with a guard interval corresponding to a fraction comprised between a quarter and an eighth of the transmission time of an OFDM symbol, the size of cells being determined in particular according to the guard interval, a transmission power, an environmental criterion representative of multipath frames sent, and a distance corresponding to a threshold of appearance of interference.
- a TV broadcasting network addressing mobile terminals in the UHF band is realized with an arrangement of secondary transmitter sites (2) around a main transmission site.
- the same UHF frequency is used.
- This SFN (Single Frequency Network) network minimizes the interference generated on analogue or digital fixed TV receivers.
- the network according to the invention has the particularity of having a specific orientation of the peripheral transmitter (2) to a device of broadcasting (3), main fixed TV transmitter.
- the figures 2 and 3 illustrate the problems encountered when deploying a mobile TV network, for example DVB-H, when the UHF spectrum is shared with fixed TV (DVB-T and analog TV).
- DVB-H mobile TV network
- a multidirectional transmitter can be co-located with the main fixed TV transmitting transmitter (3). This provides basic coverage at a lower cost. This site is then close to the analogue and TNT broadcast point.
- intrazone interference (B1) appears for antennas (4) of fixed TV remote from the transmitter (3) analog or TNT and close to one of the secondary DVB-H transmitters.
- the network according to the invention advantageously takes into account this problem since a reduction of the interference is obtained by radiating the complementary transmitters (2) only in the direction of the transmitter (3) of the main site (generally this is the site "high"), and concentrating most of the radiated energy.
- Interzone interference (B2) is illustrated. As the frequency plans are interleaved, always transmitting SFN (with the same UHF frequency) within the allotment zone makes the interference (B2) on neighboring areas more likely.
- a transmitter (E) secondary DVB-H multidirectional or multi-sector radiation will indeed cause interference (B2) on antennas (4) receiving conventional TV oriented to this transmitter (E) secondary.
- the two aforementioned problems can be advantageously and effectively solved according to the invention, while maintaining the operation of a "high" site co-located with the fixed TV transmission equipment (3) to offer a broad basic coverage, cheaper.
- the cover holes are plugged differently, using transmitters (2) secondary peripherals beam oriented in a single preferred direction.
- a novel method of establishing a radio coverage is thus achieved, enabling digital broadcasting with a single UHF frequency to mobile radio antenna terminals.
- the system implanting a plurality of transmitters (1, 2) for digital TV broadcast for mobile TV extends in particular to one or more zones (Z) of coexistence with equipment (3) for broadcasting fixed TV programs radiating signals to fixed antennas (4) of television. These antennas (4) are typically oriented towards this broadcasting equipment (3).
- the step (52) of extending the radio coverage (Cv) can be performed concentrically around the location of the first transmitter (1).
- the radio transmission made by said first transmitter (1) can typically be broadcast in several opposite privileged directions. Only this first transmitter (1), in the coexistence zone (Z), has a multidirectional or multisectorial radiation.
- each of the peripheral emitters (2) has an orientation along an axis of symmetry which reaches the same central point as the orientation of the fixed antennas (4).
- the privileged orientation directions of these antennas (4) and peripheral transmitters (2) compete at the same point in the coexistence zone (Z).
- the power of the first transmitter (1) can be between 1 kW and 10 kW, while the power of each of the directional peripheral emitters (2) is approximately two to two hundred times lower than the power of the first emitter (1).
- the peripheral transmitters (2) may simply have an effective radiated power of one hundred or five hundred watts, for example. It is understood that the power of the first transmitter (1) will remain much lower than the power of the equipment (3) dedicated to the analog fixed TV and will remain less than or equal to the power of the equipment (3) dedicated to DTT, for example not exceeding a ratio 1/5 relative to the expected power for the analog fixed TV.
- the method may provide an addition step (54) for stationary television antennas oriented towards the peripheral transmitter installed, a filtering function relating to said UHF frequency used.
- This adding step (54) may be useful in a (rare) case where the fixed antennas (4) are oriented differently or to further reduce the disturbances.
- This adding step (54) can be used also punctually in a case where one of the emitters is oriented deviated with respect to the first emitter (1) and risks jamming a reduced number of fixed antennas (4) placed near.
- the adding step (54) is performed during or after the installation of each of the directional peripheral emitters (2). These filters are keyed on the frequency band used, it is understood that adaptations or filter changes can be made in case of frequency change.
- This adding step (54) can thus be used only as a point complement, to avoid making the system too complex.
- the step (53) of orientation towards the first transmitter (1) is performed for all directional peripheral transmitters (2).
- This orientation step (53) is performed for example during the installation of each of the directional peripheral emitters (2). It can also be done by modifying existing transmitters.
- the respective radiation diagrams of the DVB-H transmission and TV reception sites provide additional protection for the fixed receivers (analog and TNT) of 10 to 300 dB sufficient to reduce occurrences of cases of interference to a marginal number. This makes it possible to respond to the problematic illustrated in figure 2 for antennas (4) fixed in the vicinity and to that illustrated in FIG.
- the peripheral transmitters (2) of the sites bordering the allotment zone necessarily turn their backs on the neighboring transmitters (2) closer.
- the step (53) of Orientation allows directional peripheral emitters (2) of two distinct coexistence zones to be oriented back-to-back. This not only provides additional protection for antennas (4) fixed within the same zone (Z), but also a protection complement in the case of neighboring zones (Z1, Z2, Z3) each having a transmitter ( 1) DVB-H surrounded by rings of transmitters (2) peripherals.
- Orthogonal Frequency Duplexing is a method of digital signal modulation that is used, among other things, for high-speed mobile data transmission systems.
- OFDM is particularly well suited to radio transmission channels with multiple wave transmissions (echoes) due to reflections of waves on obstacles. Indeed, when they combine, the multiple transmissions modify or even destroy the transmitted signal and cause the same signal to be received several times with offset times.
- the signal is multiplexed over a large number of subcarriers, so that the rate on each of the subcarriers is reduced. It is recalled here that a given symbol (S) conveys a certain number of information bits. Thus, the symbol time is increased due to the bit rate reduction for the subcarriers and it is possible to limit the risk of intersymbol interference.
- the frequency spacing f u is the inverse of the useful period T u (or active period) of the symbol during which the receiver integrates the demodulated signal.
- T u or active period
- the OFDM provides between each symbol a non-informative delay of the information allowing the reception the integration of all the signals received.
- guard interval GI, Fig. 5
- OFDM properties which naturally allow adaptation to propagation multitrafts specific to urban environments and / or communication with mobiles, are advantageously used to create a network according to the invention to enable the same information to be broadcast from several different transmitters, and that with the same frequency.
- FR 2,890,820 the same applicant mentions a method for optimally establishing DVB coverage, eg DVB-H, or any other analog digital broadcast over an SFN network.
- the process taught in this document FR 2,890,820 can be used to define radio coverage for DVB broadcasting with a single UHF frequency, via a network with a plurality of base station transmitting means for generating radio cells, and without limitation of surface to cover. All transmitters (1, 2) are precisely synchronized in frequency and are synchronized in time at each symbol (S). The content broadcast is also strictly identical.
- peripheral transmitters (2) form respective radio cells (20) together defining a radio coverage extending the radio coverage (Cv) allowed by said first transmitter (1).
- These peripheral transmitters (2) are transmitters of relatively low power digital broadcasting and can be arranged at a maximum of about forty meters from the ground, unlike broadcasting broadcast transmitters which are generally placed at a hundred meters from the ground. floor at least (300 meters high for transmitters of the Eiffel Tower).
- the invention allows the design of a network for radiocommunication broadcasting, containing at least one TV program, for mobile phones and other mobile terminals.
- the architecture of the The network is of the radiotelephone type and makes it possible, thanks to the transmitting sites (1, 2), to define a continuous radio coverage over a vast territory. All the sending sites are parameterized with the same UHF frequency and are arranged to send the frames with a guard interval (Gl) corresponding, for example, to a fraction comprised between a quarter and an eighth of the transmission duration of an OFDM symbol.
- Gl guard interval
- the size of the cells (20) is determined in particular according to the guard interval (GI), a transmission power, an environmental criterion (urban, rural, etc.). ) representative of the multiplicity of paths of the frames sent, and a threshold distance of occurrence of interference.
- the non-carrier duration of the signal corresponding to the guard intervals (GI) does not exceed one quarter of the transmission duration of a frame constituting an OFDM modulated symbol. Thus, the available bandwidth will not be reduced too much.
- the Nth crown is formed of 6 * N cells.
- the guard time (GI) is fixed, for example by taking a quarter of the symbol time (S) and reasoning on the hexagonal model in flat terrain, it is possible to determine the crown with destructive interference.
- the relative delay (10) is less than one symbol period, only a part of the signal transmitted on this path acts as a scrambling, since it does not than information belonging to the previous symbol. The remainder conveys information of the useful symbol, but can be constructively or destructively added to the information of the main path.
- Modeling may consider a rural-type environment in which transmitters may be further apart than in urban areas. For example, for an inter-site distance of 10 km, the sites being all synchronized, it appears that the emissions of the first five crowns are received within the "window" of the on-call time (less than 80% of the window is used). These emissions (cells (22)) participate in the network gain and therefore do not exhibit destructive interference.
- the distance of 10 km corresponds (with a propagation taken at the speed of light) to a time difference of 33.3 ⁇ s between a site and the first ring of surrounding sites in a fully meshed hexagonal topology (100% pixels).
- the teaching of the document FR 2,890,820 is concerned with establishing a "no-hole" coverage to allow the user to receive digital broadcast programs at any point in a cell.
- This teaching also applicable here for the development of an extended SFN network, will not be detailed here.
- the network according to the invention can therefore be deployed over a large territory where a fixed TV transmission network already exists, taking into account the scarcity of resources (few free frequencies) and the problems of interference that this may cause. .
- the network takes into account the specifications of the DVB-H standard, which provides for 45 dB receiver discrimination, to avoid the interference problems illustrated in figures 2 and 3 .
- One of the advantages of the invention is to obtain systematically, via the collinear orientation of the antennas of the secondary digital transmitters (2) and the different fixed TV reception antennas, an additional decoupling of at least 10 to 15 dB more than a random arrangement that would result from conventional engineering.
- This additional decoupling makes it possible in practice to reduce in a ratio 4 the scrambled surface with equal coverage.
- it solves most of the residual interference by a simple change of the receiving antenna in favor of an antenna with a superior front / rear protection ratio.
- This solution to residual interference overcomes the disadvantages of a filtering solution eliminating the UHF channel operated by the secondary transmitter DVB-H, and which would require a re-setting in case of change of said channel, for example during a rearrangement the national frequency plan.
- An additional advantage of a network according to the invention lies in obtaining better protection of neighboring allotment zones reusing the same channel or a channel adjacent to that operated in mobile TV, for a fixed or mobile coverage. This protection is achieved by the fact that mobile TV repeaters or repeaters located on the edge of the allotment area emit towards the center of the allotment area, providing additional protection of 20 dB to other areas. This advantage can be effectively exploited during the transition phase when analogue TV coexists with digital TV and the frequencies for mobile TV systems remain difficult to release.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne les réseaux de radiotéléphonie cellulaire et vise à assurer une couverture radio qui permette de diffuser des programmes par exemple selon la norme DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast - Handheld) ou d'autres standards de télédiffusion mobile. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un procédé d'établissement d'une couverture radio permettant une télédiffusion numérique avec une seule fréquence UHF (Ultra High Frequencies) vers des terminaux mobiles radio sur un large territoire et minimisant les interférences générées sur les récepteurs de TV fixe analogique ou numérique. L'invention concerne également un réseau de diffusion (par exemple DVB-H) adressant les terminaux mobiles en bande UHF et permettant de réduire les interférences générées sur les récepteurs de TV fixe.The present invention relates to cellular radio networks and is intended to provide a radio coverage that can broadcast programs for example according to DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast - Handheld) or other standards of mobile broadcasting. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of establishing a radio coverage for digital broadcasting with a single UHF (Ultra High Frequencies) frequency to mobile radio terminals over a wide territory and minimizing interference generated on fixed TV receivers. analog or digital. The invention also relates to a broadcast network (for example DVB-H) addressing the mobile terminals in the UHF band and for reducing the interference generated on the fixed TV receivers.
Les technologies d'émission numérique, telles que la diffusion vidéo numérique - terrestre DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial) pour l'Europe et la diffusion numérique de services intégrés (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial) pour le Japon, ont fait entrer la diffusion TV dans l'âge numérique. En parallèle, le développement du réseau Internet, et surtout la généralisation des accès à haut débit, offrent la possibilité technique de diffuser des services audio et vidéo sur ce réseau à destination de terminaux. La norme émergente DVB-H correspond à une étape supplémentaire par rapport à la norme DVB-T, en rendant possible la réception de la radiodiffusion numérique par des terminaux mobiles. Il faut donc désormais distinguer la TV fixe de la TV mobile.Digital transmission technologies, such as DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial) digital-terrestrial video broadcasting for Europe and Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (Terrestrial) digital broadcasting for Japan, have enter the TV broadcast in the digital age. In parallel, the development of the Internet, and especially the generalization of high-speed access, offer the technical possibility of broadcasting audio and video services on this network to terminals. The emerging DVB-H standard is a further step from the DVB-T standard, making it possible to receive digital broadcasting via mobile terminals. We must now distinguish fixed TV from mobile TV.
La planification des réseaux DVB-H nécessite dès la conception de considérer les caractéristiques des conditions d'usage particulières à la réception de la TV par un récepteur portable et mobile. A l'instar de la téléphonie mobile, il faut prendre en compte le fait que ces usages se produisent principalement à l'intérieur des bâtiments et en déplacement.The planning of DVB-H networks requires from the design stage to consider the characteristics of the particular conditions of use in the receiving the TV via a portable and mobile receiver. Like mobile telephony, it must be taken into account that these uses occur mainly inside buildings and on the move.
Les enquêtes préliminaires sur ce nouveau mode de communication montrent qu'une continuité de couverture est attendue par le consommateur. Dans la plupart des pays d'Europe, il est prévu des multiplex nationaux DVB-T ainsi que quelques multiplex supplémentaires en réception portable/mobile, avec par exemple une utilisation moyenne d'environ 6 canaux UHF par multiplex. Le spectre UHF pouvant être utilisé dans un réseau de TV mobile est typiquement partagé avec :
- la télévision numérique terrestre TNT (technologie DVB-T), et
- la télévision analogique.
- digital terrestrial television TNT (DVB-T technology), and
- analog television.
La télévision de type TNT et la télévision analogique ont généralement des émetteurs et des récepteurs ayant une même localisation. Leurs rapports de protection et leurs puissances respectives assurent un fonctionnement correct de l'un et l'autre même sur des canaux adjacents. En revanche, pour la télévision mobile et en particulier la technologie DVB-H (qui permet de réduire la consommation des terminaux mobiles grâce à la technologie de découpage en temps "Time Slicing"), 10 à 20 fois plus de sites sont nécessaires pour fournir la couverture radio. Cela est lié à l'absence d'antennes de réception à gain sur des toits et aux pertes de propagation pour assurer une couverture "indoor" à l'intérieur de bâtiments.TNT-type television and analogue television generally have transmitters and receivers with the same location. Their protection ratios and their respective powers ensure correct operation of the one and the other even on adjacent channels. On the other hand, for mobile TV and in particular DVB-H technology (which reduces the consumption of mobile terminals thanks to the Time Slicing technology), 10 to 20 times more sites are needed to provide radio coverage. This is due to the lack of rooftop gain antennas and propagation losses to provide indoor coverage inside buildings.
Afin d'optimiser la couverture de télévision mobile, les méthodes actuelles qui prévoient la réutilisation des sites cellulaires ou une implantation de sites répéteurs associés à des sites principaux de plus forte puissance requièrent pour chaque site un rayonnement omnidirectionnel. En particulier des sites tri-secteurs ou plus généralement à rayonnement multi sectoriel servent à réaliser les émissions radio.In order to optimize mobile TV coverage, current methods that involve the reuse of cell sites or the implantation of repeater sites associated with higher power main sites require omnidirectional radiation for each site. In particular, tri-sectoral or more generally multi-sectoral sites serve to carry out radio broadcasts.
La cohabitation entre le DVB-T et le DVB-H sur des canaux adjacents ou plus éloignés dans la bande est difficile à réaliser car il peut y avoir une telle différence de champ entre la réception fixe (destinée à être reçue par une antenne de toit) et la réception mobile dans un appartement que les récepteurs DVB-T peuvent se retrouver désensibilisés lorsque l'antenne de réception fixe se trouve suffisamment proche de l'antenne d'émission DVB-H. Il existe en effet de nombreux cas où un récepteur de TV fixe se trouve proche d'un émetteur DVB-H et plus éloigné d'un émetteur DVB-T du simple fait qu'un réseau DVB-H comporte de 10 à 20 fois plus de sites qu'un réseau DVB-T. La norme spécifiant la fabrication des récepteurs indique que le différentiel de champ ne doit pas dépasser 29dB alors que dans le cas de figure DVB-H/DVB-T, le différentiel est de 39dB au minimum.The coexistence between DVB-T and DVB-H on adjacent or more distant channels in the band is difficult to achieve because there may be such a difference in field between the fixed reception (intended to be received by a roof antenna ) and mobile reception in an apartment that the DVB-T receivers may become desensitized when the fixed receiving antenna is close enough to the DVB-H transmit antenna. There are indeed many cases where a fixed TV receiver is close to a DVB-H transmitter and further away from a DVB-T transmitter simply because a DVB-H network comprises 10 to 20 times more sites than a DVB-T network. The standard specifying the manufacturing of the receivers indicates that the field differential must not exceed 29dB whereas in the case DVB-H / DVB-T, the differential is 39dB minimum.
II apparaît dès lors que les solutions actuelles engendrent des risques importants de perturbation (brouillages) par effet proche/lointain des récepteurs de TV fixe (TV analogique ou numérique) lorsque ceux-ci se trouvent loin de l'émetteur de TV fixe et sont proches de l'émetteur TV mobile. Ce problème est lié à un manque de sélectivité et à une saturation dans les récepteurs et ne peut pas être éliminé par une planification des fréquences.It therefore appears that the current solutions generate significant risks of disturbance (interference) by near / far effect of the fixed TV receivers (analog or digital TV) when they are far from the fixed TV transmitter and are close of the mobile TV transmitter. This problem is related to a lack of selectivity and saturation in the receivers and can not be eliminated by frequency planning.
Il existe actuellement une solution prenant en compte cette problématique, mais elle présente un certain nombre de défauts.There is currently a solution taking into account this problem, but it presents a certain number of defects.
Cette dernière consiste à réémettre l'ensemble des chaînes de TV fixe depuis chaque émetteur DVB-H, afin de conserver un rapport de protection suffisant. Cette méthode présente l'inconvénient d'être complexe et couteuse.The latter consists of reissuing all fixed TV channels from each DVB-H transmitter, in order to maintain a sufficient protection ratio. This method has the disadvantage of being complex and expensive.
La présente invention a donc pour objet de supprimer un ou plusieurs des inconvénients de l'art antérieur en définissant un procédé d'établissement, par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau, d'une couverture radio permettant une diffusion sur un territoire très étendu avec une seule fréquence UHF, par exemple par DVB-H ou selon tout autre standard de télédiffusion numérique, minimisant les perturbations sur les récepteurs de TV fixe et assurant une qualité de service appropriée pour les abonnés.The object of the present invention is therefore to eliminate one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art by defining a method of establishing, via a network, a radio coverage allowing a distribution over a very wide area with a single UHF frequency, eg DVB-H or any other digital broadcast standard, minimizing interference to fixed TV receivers and ensuring appropriate quality of service for subscribers.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé d'établissement d'une couverture radio permettant une télédiffusion numérique avec une seule fréquence UHF vers des terminaux mobiles à antenne radio, mis en oeuvre par l'intermédiaire d'un système implantant une pluralité d'émetteurs de télédiffusion numérique pour TV mobile, comprenant une étape d'installation du système dans au moins une zone de coexistence avec un équipement de radiodiffusion multidirectionnel de programmes de TV fixe rayonnant des signaux vers des antennes fixes de télévision orientées vers cet équipement de radiodiffusion, l'équipement ayant une première puissance apparente rayonnée d'émission supérieure ou égale à une dizaine de kilowatts, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
- une première étape d'implantation d'au moins un premier émetteur multidirectionnel de télédiffusion numérique d'une deuxième puissance inférieure à la première puissance et n'excédant pas la première puissance, sensiblement au même endroit que ledit équipement de radiodiffusion ;
- une étape d'extension de la couverture radio permise par ledit équipement de radiodiffusion, dans laquelle des seconds émetteurs périphériques de télédiffusion numérique de moindre puissance et à faisceau orienté selon une direction privilégiée sont installés dans des couronnes successives autour dudit premier émetteur ; et
- afin de permettre une réduction d'interférences entre chaque émetteur périphérique de télédiffusion numérique installé et des antennes fixes de télévision voisines de ce dernier, une étape d'orientation de la direction privilégiée du faisceau d'émission de chaque émetteur périphérique à faisceau orienté vers l'équipement de radiodiffusion desservant la zone.
- a first step of implementing at least one first multidirectional digital broadcasting transmitter with a second power lower than the first power and not exceeding the first power, substantially at the same location as said broadcasting equipment;
- a step of extending the radio coverage allowed by said broadcasting equipment, wherein second peripheral transmitters of lower power and beam directed digital broadcasting in a preferred direction are installed in successive rings around said first transmitter; and
- in order to allow interference reduction between each installed digital broadcast broadcasting transmitter and fixed television antennas thereof, a step of orienting the preferred direction of the transmission beam of each peripheral beam transmitter oriented towards the broadcasting equipment serving the area.
L'invention permet ainsi de minimiser ou supprimer les éventuelles zones de brouillage. L'arrangement colinéaire des faisceaux orientés d'émission de TV mobile et des antennes de réception de TV analogique/numérique (TV fixe) permet d'obtenir un découplage supplémentaire d'au moins 10 à 15 dB par rapport à un arrangement aléatoire qui résulterait d'une ingénierie multidirectionnelle classique ou dans certains cas le rayonnement principal des sites secondaires d'émission de TV mobile se trouveraient dans le faisceau principal des antennes de réception de TV fixe.The invention thus makes it possible to minimize or eliminate any jamming zones. The collinear arrangement of the mobile TV broadcast oriented beams and the analog / digital TV (fixed TV) receiving antennas makes it possible to obtain an additional decoupling of at least 10 to 15 dB with respect to a random arrangement that would result conventional multidirectional engineering or in some cases the main radiation of the mobile TV broadcast secondary sites would be in the main beam of fixed TV reception antennas.
Le procédé facilite ainsi le déploiement d'un réseau de type DVB-H sur un large territoire, par exemple de la taille d'une région ou même de la France entière, et plus généralement sur des zones géographiques étendues. Le procédé simplifie l'ingénierie relative aux sites à implanter dans le cadre de réseaux DVB-H s'appuyant sur un grand nombre de répéteurs (ou réémetteurs), pouvant être installés sur des sites d'origine de téléphonie cellulaire. De manière surprenante, une couverture radio de télévision mobile satisfaisante peut être obtenue sans augmentation sensible du nombre de sites (alors que le rayonnement des sites secondaires n'est plus multidirectionnel) et sans perturber la réception terrestre par antenne. Le procédé selon l'invention apporte donc une solution pour permettre de réutiliser la même fréquence sans inconvénient notable ni contrainte quant à la surface de la zone à desservir, en minimisant le nombre d'émetteurs nécessaires pour établir la couverture radio.The method thus facilitates the deployment of a DVB-H type network over a large area, for example the size of a region or even whole France, and more generally over large geographical areas. The process simplifies the engineering of the sites to be implanted in the context of DVB-H networks based on a large number of repeaters (or re-transmitters), which can be installed on sites of origin of cellular telephony. Surprisingly, a satisfactory mobile TV radio coverage can be obtained without a significant increase in the number of sites (whereas the radiation of the secondary sites is no longer multidirectional) and without disturbing the terrestrial reception by antenna. The method according to the invention therefore provides a solution to allow reuse the same frequency without significant inconvenience or constraint as to the surface area to be served, minimizing the number of transmitters needed to establish the radio coverage.
Selon une autre particularité, l'étape d'orientation vers l'équipement de radiodiffusion est réalisée pour tous lesdits émetteurs périphériques directionnels.According to another particularity, the orientation step towards the broadcasting equipment is carried out for all said directional peripheral transmitters.
On réalise ainsi une ingénierie de réseau TV mobile dans laquelle chacune des antennes des sites d'émission est orientée vers l'émetteur de TV principal en bande UHF (c'est-à-dire avec une orientation colinéaire avec les antennes de réceptions TV en chaque point de la zone de couverture).Mobile TV network engineering is thus carried out in which each of the antennae of the transmission sites is oriented towards the main TV transmitter in the UHF band (that is to say with a collinear orientation with the TV reception antennas. each point of the coverage area).
Selon une autre particularité, l'étape d'orientation est réalisée lors de l'installation de chacun des émetteurs périphériques directionnels.According to another particularity, the orientation step is performed during the installation of each of the directional peripheral emitters.
Selon une autre particularité, l'étape d'extension de la couverture radio s'effectue de façon concentrique autour de l'endroit d'implantation dudit premier émetteur (l'émission radio réalisée par le premier émetteur peut être diffusée dans au moins deux directions privilégiées opposées et plus généralement de manière omnidirectionnelle).According to another feature, the step of extending the radio coverage is performed concentrically around the location of said first transmitter (the radio transmission made by the first transmitter can be broadcast in at least two directions opposing privileges and more generally omnidirectionally).
Selon une autre particularité, la puissance du premier émetteur est comprise entre 1 kW et 10 kW, tandis que la puissance de chacun des émetteurs périphériques directionnels est deux à deux cents fois inférieure à la puissance du premier émetteur.According to another particularity, the power of the first transmitter is between 1 kW and 10 kW, while the power of each directional peripheral transmitter is two to two hundred times less than the power of the first transmitter.
Selon une autre particularité, l'étape d'installation du système est réalisée dans plusieurs zones de coexistence associées chacune à un équipement de radiodiffusion de programmes de TV fixe, ladite première étape d'implantation étant effectuée pour chacun des équipements, l'étape d'orientation permettant à des émetteurs périphériques directionnels de deux zones de coexistence adjacentes distinctes d'être orientés sensiblement dos à dos ou plus généralement, d'être orientés différemment vers chacun des émetteurs de diffusion de programmes en TV fixe.According to another particularity, the installation step of the system is performed in a plurality of coexistence zones each associated with a broadcasting equipment for fixed TV programs, said first implementation step being carried out for each of the equipment, step d orienting directional peripheral transmitters of two adjacent adjacent coexistence zones to be oriented substantially back-to-back or more generally, to be oriented differently to each of the fixed-TV broadcast transmitters.
Selon une autre particularité, les émetteurs périphériques forment des cellules radio respectives définissant ensemble une couverture radio étendant la couverture radio permise par ledit premier émetteur, les émetteurs périphériques étant des émetteurs de télédiffusion numérique disposés au maximum à une quarantaine de mètres du sol.In another feature, the peripheral transmitters form respective radio cells together defining a radio coverage extending the radio coverage allowed by said first transmitter, the peripheral transmitters being digital broadcast transmitters arranged at a maximum of forty meters from the ground.
Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer un réseau adapté pour permettre une télédiffusion sur un territoire étendu, en assurant une couverture continue qui prend en compte la problématique de brouillage avec les réseaux d'émission de TV fixe.Another object of the invention is to provide a network adapted to allow broadcasting over an extended territory, providing continuous coverage that takes into account the problem of interference with fixed TV transmission networks.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un réseau pour la diffusion de radiocommunications contenant au moins un programme TV ou radio, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en un réseau de radiotéléphonie comprenant une pluralité de sites émetteurs formant des cellules radio respectives définissant ensemble une couverture radio, et en ce que tous ces sites sont équipés d'émetteurs pour la diffusion de TV ou de radio et qu'ils sont tous paramétrés avec une même fréquence UHF pour générer chacun une cellule radio, le réseau comprenant au moins une zone de coexistence avec un équipement de radiodiffusion de programmes de TV fixe ayant une première puissance apparente rayonnée d'émission d'au moins une dizaine de kilowatts, le réseau comportant dans cette zone :
- d'une part un premier émetteur d'une deuxième puissance apparente rayonnée au moins égale à 1 kW et inférieure à la première puissance, sensiblement au même endroit que ledit équipement de radiodiffusion, et
- d'autre part des seconds émetteurs périphériques de moindre puissance et à faisceau orienté selon une direction privilégiée, tous ces émetteurs périphériques positionnés dans la zone étant orientés vers un même point correspondant à l'endroit d'implantation de l'équipement de radiodiffusion.
- on the one hand, a first transmitter having a second effective radiated power of not less than 1 kW and less than the first power, substantially in the same location as said broadcasting equipment, and
- on the other hand second peripheral emitters of lower power and beam oriented in a preferred direction, all these peripheral emitters positioned in the area being oriented towards the same point corresponding to the location of implementation of the broadcasting equipment.
On comprend que l'invention concerne un réseau de diffusion qui peut diffuser par radiocommunication de la TV mobile et coexiste avec un réseau de diffusion de TV fixe, le réseau de diffusion de TV mobile consistant en :
- une pluralité de premiers émetteurs multidirectionnels de puissance inférieure à la puissance des émetteurs de TV fixe et localisés à proximité ou colocalisés avec chacun de ces émetteurs de TV fixe ; et
- une pluralité de couronnes concentriques d'émetteurs secondaires de moindre puissance que les premiers émetteurs, ces émetteurs secondaires étant chacun à faisceau orienté selon une direction privilégiée, les directions privilégiées étant organisées de façon concourante vers chaque équipement de radiodiffusion associé à une pluralité de couronnes de même concentricité.
- a plurality of first multidirectional transmitters of power less than the power of the fixed TV transmitters and located nearby or collocated with each of these fixed TV transmitters; and
- a plurality of concentric rings of secondary emitters of lesser power than the first emitters, these secondary emitters each being beam oriented in a preferred direction, the privileged directions being organized concurrently to each broadcasting equipment associated with a plurality of coils of same concentricity.
Selon une autre particularité, deux couronnes adjacentes et de concentricités différentes ont les directions des émetteurs secondaires orientées vers un émetteur de TV fixe, les émetteurs secondaires d'une première desdites deux couronnes adjacentes ayant leur direction orientée vers l'émetteur de TV fixe correspondant au centre de concentricité de ladite première couronne, les émetteurs secondaires d'une deuxième desdites deux couronnes adjacentes ayant leur direction orientée vers l'émetteur de TV fixe correspondant au centre de concentricité de ladite deuxième couronne.According to another particularity, two adjacent crowns of different concentricities have the directions of the secondary transmitters oriented towards a fixed TV transmitter, the secondary transmitters of a first of said two adjacent rings having their direction directed towards the fixed TV transmitter corresponding to the center of concentricity of said first ring, the secondary emitters of a second of said two adjacent rings having their direction directed towards the fixed TV transmitter corresponding to the center of concentricity of said second ring.
Selon une autre particularité, les sites émetteurs sont agencés pour envoyer des trames constituant un symbole modulé en OFDM avec un intervalle de garde correspondant à une fraction comprise entre un quart et un huitième de la durée de transmission d'un symbole OFDM, la taille des cellules étant déterminée notamment en fonction de l'intervalle de garde, d'une puissance d'émission, d'un critère d'environnement représentatif des multi-trajets des trames envoyées, et d'une distance correspondant à un seuil d'apparition d'interférences.According to another particularity, the transmitting sites are arranged to send frames constituting an OFDM modulated symbol with a guard interval corresponding to a fraction comprised between a quarter and an eighth of the transmission time of an OFDM symbol, the size of cells being determined in particular according to the guard interval, a transmission power, an environmental criterion representative of multipath frames sent, and a distance corresponding to a threshold of appearance of interference.
L'invention, avec ses caractéristiques et avantages, ressortira plus clairement à la lecture de la description faite en référence aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 illustre l'orientation des sites émetteurs périphériques selon l'invention dans une zone de coexistence du réseau pour terminaux mobiles (DVB-H) avec un réseau de TV fixe ; - la
figure 2 montre une zone desservie par un émetteur de TV fixe présentant des brouillages au sein de la couverture à cause des sites émetteurs DVB-H d'un réseau selon l'art antérieur ; - la
figure 3 illustre l'apparition sur les antennes de réception de TV fixe de brouillages interzones en raison de l'émission de la même fréquence dans un réseau SFN selon l'art antérieur ; - la
figure 4 montre un exemple de logigramme d'étapes d'un procédé conforme à l'invention ; - la
figure 5 illustre l'adjonction de l'intervalle de garde entre les symboles successifs ; - la
figure 6 représente la détermination d'un seuil d'éloignement de cellules à partir duquel un répéteur du signal DVB-H génère des interférences destructives, compte tenu de l'intervalle de garde retenu.
- the
figure 1 illustrates the orientation of the peripheral transmitter sites according to the invention in a coexistence zone of the mobile terminal network (DVB-H) with a fixed TV network; - the
figure 2 shows an area served by a fixed TV transmitter having interference within the coverage due to the DVB-H transmitter sites of a network according to the prior art; - the
figure 3 illustrates the appearance on the fixed TV reception antennas interzone interference due to the emission of the same frequency in a SFN network according to the prior art; - the
figure 4 shows an example flow diagram of steps of a method according to the invention; - the
figure 5 illustrates the addition of the guard interval between the successive symbols; - the
figure 6 represents the determination of a cell removal threshold from which a DVB-H repeater generates destructive interference, taking into account the guard interval retained.
En référence à la
Afin de permettre une réduction des interférences vis-à-vis des antennes fixes (4) de réception de télévision, ces interférences étant provoquées par chaque émetteur périphérique (2) installé autour d'un premier émetteur (1) puissant de TV mobile, le réseau selon l'invention présente la particularité d'avoir une orientation spécifique de l'émetteur périphérique (2) vers un équipement de radiodiffusion (3), émetteur de TV fixe principal.In order to allow a reduction of the interference with respect to the fixed antennas (4) of television reception, these interferences being caused by each peripheral transmitter (2) installed around a first transmitter (1) powerful mobile TV, the network according to the invention has the particularity of having a specific orientation of the peripheral transmitter (2) to a device of broadcasting (3), main fixed TV transmitter.
Les
En référence à la
Dans l'exemple de la
Dans le cas de la
Les deux problèmes susmentionnés peuvent être avantageusement et efficacement résolus selon l'invention, tout en conservant l'exploitation d'un site "haut" colocalisé avec l'équipement (3) d'émission de TV fixe pour offrir une large couverture de base, à moindre coût. Les trous de couverture sont bouchés de façon différente, à l'aide d'émetteurs (2) périphériques secondaires à faisceau orienté selon une seule direction privilégiée.The two aforementioned problems can be advantageously and effectively solved according to the invention, while maintaining the operation of a "high" site co-located with the fixed TV transmission equipment (3) to offer a broad basic coverage, cheaper. The cover holes are plugged differently, using transmitters (2) secondary peripherals beam oriented in a single preferred direction.
En référence aux
L'équipement (3) possède une puissance apparente rayonnée d'émission importante s'élevant au moins à une ou plusieurs dizaines de kilowatts, de préférence plus de 100 kilowatts, par exemple de l'ordre de 200 kW lorsqu'il est implanté à plus de 200 mètres de hauteur. Dans le mode de réalisation de la
- une première étape (51) d'implantation d'au moins un premier émetteur (1) d'une puissance apparente rayonnée par exemple au moins égale à 1 kW et inférieure à la puissance de l'équipement (3) dédié à la TV fixe, sensiblement au même endroit que cet équipement (3) de radiodiffusion ;
- une étape (52) d'extension de la couverture radio (Cv) réalisée à l'aide dudit premier émetteur (1), dans laquelle des seconds émetteurs périphériques (2) de moindre puissance et à faisceau orienté selon une direction privilégiée sont installés dans des couronnes successives autour dudit premier émetteur (1) ; et
- une étape (53) d'orientation de l'émetteur périphérique (2) vers le premier émetteur (1).
- a first step (51) of implantation of at least one first emitter (1) of an effective power radiated for example at least equal to 1 kW and less than the power of the equipment (3) dedicated to the fixed TV substantially at the same location as this broadcast equipment (3);
- a step (52) for extending the radio coverage (Cv) carried out using said first transmitter (1), in which second peripheral transmitters (2) of lower power and beam oriented in a preferred direction are installed in successive crowns around said first transmitter (1); and
- a step (53) of orientation of the peripheral transmitter (2) to the first transmitter (1).
L'étape (52) d'extension de la couverture radio (Cv) peut s'effectuer de façon concentrique autour de l'endroit d'implantation du premier émetteur (1). L'émission radio réalisée par ledit premier émetteur (1) peut typiquement être diffusée dans plusieurs directions privilégiées opposées. Seul ce premier émetteur (1), dans la zone de coexistence (Z), possède un rayonnement multidirectionnel ou multisectoriel. Comme illustré à la
La puissance du premier émetteur (1) peut être comprise entre 1 kW et 10 kW, tandis que la puissance de chacun des émetteurs périphériques (2) directionnels est environ deux à deux cents fois inférieure à la puissance du premier émetteur (1). Pour un émetteur (1) DVB-H de puissance apparente rayonnée de 1 à 5 kW, les émetteurs (2) périphériques peuvent simplement disposer d'une puissance apparente rayonnée de cent ou cinq cents Watts par exemple. On comprend que la puissance du premier émetteur (1) va rester très inférieure à la puissance de l'équipement (3) dédié à la TV fixe analogique et restera inférieure ou égale à la puissance de l'équipement (3) dédié à la TNT, par exemple en n'excédant pas un rapport 1/5 relativement à la puissance prévue pour la TV fixe analogique.The power of the first transmitter (1) can be between 1 kW and 10 kW, while the power of each of the directional peripheral emitters (2) is approximately two to two hundred times lower than the power of the first emitter (1). For a transmitter (1) DVB-H with an effective power radiated from 1 to 5 kW, the peripheral transmitters (2) may simply have an effective radiated power of one hundred or five hundred watts, for example. It is understood that the power of the first transmitter (1) will remain much lower than the power of the equipment (3) dedicated to the analog fixed TV and will remain less than or equal to the power of the equipment (3) dedicated to DTT, for example not exceeding a
En complément de l'étape (53) d'orientation ou dans des variantes de réalisation, le procédé peut prévoir une étape (54) d'ajout, pour des antennes fixes de télévision du voisinage orientées en vis-à-vis de l'émetteur périphérique installé, d'une fonction de filtrage relative à ladite fréquence UHF utilisée. Cette étape (54) d'ajout peut être utile dans un cas (rare) où les antennes (4) fixes sont orientées différemment ou pour encore réduire les perturbations. Cette étape (54) d'ajout peut être utilisée aussi ponctuellement dans un cas où l'un des émetteurs est orienté de façon déviée par rapport au premier émetteur (1) et risque de brouiller un nombre réduit d'antennes (4) fixes placées à proximité. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, l'étape (54) d'ajout est réalisée pendant ou après l'installation de chacun des émetteurs périphériques (2) directionnels. Ces filtres étant calés sur la bande de fréquence utilisée, on comprend que des adaptations ou des changements de filtre peuvent être réalisés en cas de modification de fréquence. Cette étape (54) d'ajout peut n'être ainsi utilisée qu'à type de complément ponctuel, pour éviter de rendre le système trop complexe.In addition to the orienting step (53) or in alternative embodiments, the method may provide an addition step (54) for stationary television antennas oriented towards the peripheral transmitter installed, a filtering function relating to said UHF frequency used. This adding step (54) may be useful in a (rare) case where the fixed antennas (4) are oriented differently or to further reduce the disturbances. This adding step (54) can be used also punctually in a case where one of the emitters is oriented deviated with respect to the first emitter (1) and risks jamming a reduced number of fixed antennas (4) placed near. By way of nonlimiting example, the adding step (54) is performed during or after the installation of each of the directional peripheral emitters (2). These filters are keyed on the frequency band used, it is understood that adaptations or filter changes can be made in case of frequency change. This adding step (54) can thus be used only as a point complement, to avoid making the system too complex.
Avantageusement, l'étape (53) d'orientation vers le premier émetteur (1) est réalisée pour tous les émetteurs périphériques (2) directionnels. Cette étape (53) d'orientation est réalisée par exemple lors de l'installation de chacun des émetteurs périphériques (2) directionnels. Elle peut également être réalisée par modification d'émetteurs déjà existants. En ne faisant rayonner les émetteurs périphériques (2) directionnels que dans la direction du premier émetteur, on obtient que les diagrammes de rayonnement respectifs des sites d'émission DVB-H et de réception TV assurent un complément de protection aux récepteurs fixes (analogiques et TNT) de 10 à 300 dB suffisant pour réduire les occurrences de cas d'interférences à un nombre marginal. Ceci permet de répondre à la problématique illustrée à la
Le réseau utilise des transmissions basées sur de l'OFDM. La technologie OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Duplex Modulation) est un procédé de modulation numérique des signaux qui est utilisé, entre autres, pour les systèmes de transmissions mobiles à haut débit de données. L'OFDM est particulièrement bien adapté aux canaux de transmission radio avec transmissions d'ondes multiples (échos) dues aux réflexions des ondes sur des obstacles. En effet, lorsqu'elles se combinent, les transmissions multiples modifient, voire détruisent le signal émis et font que le même signal est reçu plusieurs fois avec des temps décalés.The network uses transmissions based on OFDM. Orthogonal Frequency Duplexing (OFDM) is a method of digital signal modulation that is used, among other things, for high-speed mobile data transmission systems. OFDM is particularly well suited to radio transmission channels with multiple wave transmissions (echoes) due to reflections of waves on obstacles. Indeed, when they combine, the multiple transmissions modify or even destroy the transmitted signal and cause the same signal to be received several times with offset times.
Dans l'OFDM, le signal est multiplexé sur un grand nombre de sous-porteuses, de sorte que le débit sur chacune des sous-porteuses est réduit. Il est rappelé ici qu'un symbole (S) donné achemine un certain nombre de bits d'informations. Ainsi, la durée de symbole est augmentée du fait de la réduction de débit pour les sous-porteuses et il est permis de limiter le risque d'interférence intersymbole.In OFDM, the signal is multiplexed over a large number of subcarriers, so that the rate on each of the subcarriers is reduced. It is recalled here that a given symbol (S) conveys a certain number of information bits. Thus, the symbol time is increased due to the bit rate reduction for the subcarriers and it is possible to limit the risk of intersymbol interference.
Grâce à un espacement rigoureusement régulier entre les porteuses, ces dernières forment ce que les mathématiciens appellent un ensemble orthogonal. L'espacement en fréquence fu est l'inverse de la période utile Tu (ou période active) du symbole pendant laquelle le récepteur intègre le signal démodulé. Outre le multiplexage de l'information sur différentes sous-porteuses à bas débit, l'OFDM prévoit entre chaque symbole un délai non porteur d'information permettant à la réception l'intégration de l'ensemble des signaux reçus. L'adjonction de ce délai appelé intervalle de garde (GI,
Ces propriétés de l'OFDM qui permettent naturellement de s'adapter aux multitrajets de propagation propres aux environnements urbains et/ou de communication avec les mobiles, sont avantageusement utilisées pour réaliser un réseau conforme à l'invention pour permettre de diffuser une même information depuis plusieurs émetteurs différents, et cela avec la même fréquence.These OFDM properties, which naturally allow adaptation to propagation multitrafts specific to urban environments and / or communication with mobiles, are advantageously used to create a network according to the invention to enable the same information to be broadcast from several different transmitters, and that with the same frequency.
La demande
Dans le mode de réalisation de la
L'invention permet la conception d'un réseau pour la diffusion de radiocommunications, contenant au moins un programme TV, à destination des téléphones portables et autres terminaux mobiles. L'architecture du réseau est de type radiotéléphonique et permet grâce aux sites émetteurs (1, 2) de définir une couverture radio continue sur un vaste territoire. Tous les sites émetteurs sont paramétrés avec la même fréquence UHF et sont agencés pour envoyer les trames avec un intervalle de garde (Gl) correspondant par exemple à une fraction comprise entre un quart et un huitième de la durée de transmission d'un symbole OFDM. Au sein de ce réseau, la taille des cellules (20) est déterminée notamment en fonction de l'intervalle de garde (GI), d'une puissance d'émission, d'un critère d'environnement (urbain, rural, etc.) représentatif de la multiplicité de trajets des trames envoyées, et d'une distance seuil d'apparition d'interférences.The invention allows the design of a network for radiocommunication broadcasting, containing at least one TV program, for mobile phones and other mobile terminals. The architecture of the The network is of the radiotelephone type and makes it possible, thanks to the transmitting sites (1, 2), to define a continuous radio coverage over a vast territory. All the sending sites are parameterized with the same UHF frequency and are arranged to send the frames with a guard interval (Gl) corresponding, for example, to a fraction comprised between a quarter and an eighth of the transmission duration of an OFDM symbol. Within this network, the size of the cells (20) is determined in particular according to the guard interval (GI), a transmission power, an environmental criterion (urban, rural, etc.). ) representative of the multiplicity of paths of the frames sent, and a threshold distance of occurrence of interference.
En référence à la
Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la durée non porteuse de signal correspondant aux intervalles de garde (GI) n'excède pas le quart de la durée de transmission d'une trame constituant un symbole modulé en OFDM. Ainsi, la bande passante disponible ne sera pas trop réduite.In one embodiment of the invention, the non-carrier duration of the signal corresponding to the guard intervals (GI) does not exceed one quarter of the transmission duration of a frame constituting an OFDM modulated symbol. Thus, the available bandwidth will not be reduced too much.
En référence à la
Une fois le temps de garde (GI) fixé, par exemple en prenant un quart du temps de symbole (S) et en raisonnant sur le modèle hexagonal en terrain plat, il est permis de déterminer la couronne présentant des interférences destructives. Comme illustré à la
La modélisation peut envisager un environnement de type rural, dans lequel les émetteurs peuvent être plus éloignés les uns des autres qu'en milieu urbain. A titre d'exemple, pour une distance intersite de 10 km, les sites étant tous synchronisés, il apparaît que les émissions des cinq premières couronnes sont reçues à l'intérieur de la "fenêtre" du temps de garde (moins de 80% de la fenêtre est utilisée). Ces émissions (cellules (22)) participent au gain réseau et ne présentent donc pas d'interférences destructives. La distance de 10 km correspond (avec une propagation prise à la vitesse de la lumière) à un écart temporel de 33,3 µs entre un site et la première couronne de sites environnante dans une topologie hexagonale complètement maillée (100 % pixels).Modeling may consider a rural-type environment in which transmitters may be further apart than in urban areas. For example, for an inter-site distance of 10 km, the sites being all synchronized, it appears that the emissions of the first five crowns are received within the "window" of the on-call time (less than 80% of the window is used). These emissions (cells (22)) participate in the network gain and therefore do not exhibit destructive interference. The distance of 10 km corresponds (with a propagation taken at the speed of light) to a time difference of 33.3 μs between a site and the first ring of surrounding sites in a fully meshed hexagonal topology (100% pixels).
L'enseignement du document
Un des avantages de l'invention est de permettre d'obtenir de façon systématique, via l'orientation colinéaire des antennes des émetteurs (2) numériques secondaires et des différentes antennes de réception de TV fixe, un découplage supplémentaire d'au moins 10 à 15 dB supplémentaires par rapport à un arrangement aléatoire qui résulterait d'une ingénierie classique. Ce découplage supplémentaire permet en pratique de réduire dans un rapport 4 la surface brouillée à couverture égale. En outre, il permet de solutionner la majeure partie des brouillages résiduels par un simple changement de l'antenne de réception au profit d'une antenne disposant d'un rapport de protection avant/arrière supérieur. Cette solution aux brouillages résiduels permet d'éliminer les inconvénients d'une solution de filtrage éliminant le canal UHF exploité par l'émetteur secondaire DVB-H, et qui nécessiterait un reréglage en cas de changement dudit canal, par exemple lors d'un réarrangement du plan de fréquence national.One of the advantages of the invention is to obtain systematically, via the collinear orientation of the antennas of the secondary digital transmitters (2) and the different fixed TV reception antennas, an additional decoupling of at least 10 to 15 dB more than a random arrangement that would result from conventional engineering. This additional decoupling makes it possible in practice to reduce in a
Un avantage supplémentaire d'un réseau selon l'invention réside dans l'obtention d'une meilleure protection des zones d'allotissement voisines réutilisant le même canal ou un canal adjacent à celui exploité en TV mobile, pour une couverture fixe ou mobile. Cette protection est obtenue par le fait que les réémetteurs ou répéteurs de TV mobile situés en bordure de la zone d'allotissement émettent vers le centre de celle-ci, fournissant une protection supplémentaire de 20 dB vers les autres zones. Cet avantage peut être efficacement exploité en phase de transition lorsque la TV analogique coexiste avec la TV numérique et que les fréquences pour les systèmes de TV mobile restent difficiles à dégager.An additional advantage of a network according to the invention lies in obtaining better protection of neighboring allotment zones reusing the same channel or a channel adjacent to that operated in mobile TV, for a fixed or mobile coverage. This protection is achieved by the fact that mobile TV repeaters or repeaters located on the edge of the allotment area emit towards the center of the allotment area, providing additional protection of 20 dB to other areas. This advantage can be effectively exploited during the transition phase when analogue TV coexists with digital TV and the frequencies for mobile TV systems remain difficult to release.
Il doit être évident pour les personnes versées dans l'art que la présente invention permet des modes de réalisation sous de nombreuses autres formes spécifiques sans l'éloigner du domaine d'application de l'invention comme revendiqué. Par conséquent, les présents modes de réalisation doivent être considérés à titre d'illustration, avec des possibilités de modification et l'invention ne doit pas être limitée aux détails donnés ci-dessus.It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration, with possibilities modification and the invention should not be limited to the details given above.
Claims (11)
- A method for establishing radio coverage allowing digital remote broadcasting with a single UHF frequency towards mobile terminals with radio antennas, applied via a system implanting a plurality of digital remote broadcasting transmitters (1,2) for mobile TV, comprising a step for installing the system in at least one coexistence area (Z) with fixed multidirectional TV program radio broadcasting equipment (3) radiating signals towards fixed television antennas (4) oriented towards this radio broadcasting equipment (3), the equipment (3) having a first apparent transmission radiated power greater than or equal to about 10 kilowatts, characterized in that it comprises:- a first step (51) for implanting at least one first multidirectional digital remote broadcasting transmitter (1) with a second power lower than the first power and not exceeding the first power, substantially at the same location as said radio broadcasting equipment (3);- a step (52) for extending the radio coverage (Cv) allowed by said radio broadcasting equipment (3), wherein second digital remote broadcasting peripheral transmitters (2) with lower power and with a beam oriented along a preferential direction are installed in successive rings around said first transmitter (1); and- in order to allow reduction in interferences between each installed digital remote broadcasting peripheral transmitter (2) and fixed television antennas (4) in the vicinity of the latter, a step (53) for orienting the preferential direction of the transmission beam of each peripheral transmitter (2) with a beam oriented towards the radio broadcasting equipment (3) serving the area.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (43) for orientation towards the radio broadcasting equipment (3) is carried out for all said directional peripheral transmitters (2).
- The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the orientation step (53) is carried out during the installation of each of the directional peripheral transmitters (2).
- The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step (52) for extending the radio coverage (Cv) is carried out concentrically around the implantation location of said first transmitter (1).
- The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power of the first transmitter (1) is comprised between 1 kW and 10 kW, while the power of each of the directional peripheral transmitters (2) is two to two hundred times less than the power of the first transmitter (1).
- The method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step for installing the system is carried out in several areas (Z1, Z2, Z3) of coexistence, each associated with a fixed piece of equipment (3) for radio broadcasting TV programmes, said first implantation step (51) being carried out for each of the pieces of equipment (3), the orientation step (53) allowing directional peripheral transmitters (2) of two distinct coexistence areas to be oriented substantially back to back.
- The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the peripheral transmitters form respective radio cells (20) defining together radio coverage extending the radio coverage (Cv) allowed by said first transmitter (1), the peripheral transmitters being digital remote broadcasting transmitters positioned at most at about 40 meters from the ground.
- A network for broadcasting radio communications containing at least one TV or radio program, characterized in that it consists in a radio telephone network comprising a plurality of transmitter sites forming respective radio cells (20) defining together radio coverage, and in that all these sites are equipped with transmitters for broadcasting TV or radio and they are all parameterized with a same UHF frequency for each generating a radio cell, the network comprising at least one coexistence area (Z) with a fixed piece of equipment (3) for radio broadcasting TV programmes having a first transmission radiated apparent power of at least about 10 kW, the network including in this area (Z):- a first transmitter (1) with a second radiated apparent power equal to at least 1 kW and less than the first power, substantially at the same location as said radio broadcasting equipment (3) on the one hand, and- second peripheral transmitters (2) of lesser power and with a beam oriented along a preferential direction, all these peripheral transmitters positioned in the area being oriented towards a same point corresponding to the implantation location of the radio broadcasting equipment (3).
- The network according to claim 8, wherein the radio telephone network gives the possibility of broadcasting mobile TV through radio communications and coexists with a fixed TV broadcasting network, the radio telephone network consisting in:- a plurality of first multidirectional transmitters (1) with a power of less than the fixed power of the TV transmitters and localized in proximity to or co-localized with each of these fixed TV transmitters; and- a plurality of concentric rings of secondary transmitters (2) of lower power than the first transmitters (1), the secondary transmitters (2) each being with a beam oriented along a preferential direction, the preferential directions being organized in a convergent way towards each piece of broadcasting equipment (3) associated with a plurality of rings with same concentricity.
- The network according to claim 9, wherein two adjacent rings and with different concentricities have directions of the secondary transmitters (2) oriented towards a fixed TV transmitter, the secondary transmitters (2) of a first of said two adjacent rings having their direction oriented towards the fixed TV transmitter corresponding to the centre of concentricity of said first ring, the secondary transmitters (2) of a second of said two adjacent rings having their direction oriented towards the fixed TV transmitter corresponding to the centre of concentricity of said second ring.
- The network according two one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the transmitter sites are laid out so as to send frames forming a symbol (S) modulated by OFDM with a guard interval (GI) corresponding to a fraction comprised between one quarter and one eighth of the transmission time for an OFDM symbol, the size of the cells (20) being notably determined defending on the guard interval (GI), on a transmission power, on a representative environmental criterion of the multipaths of the sent frames and on a distance corresponding to a threshold for the occurrence of interferences.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0702435A FR2914809B1 (en) | 2007-04-03 | 2007-04-03 | METHOD FOR MOBILE TV BROADCAST WITH THE SAME FREQUENCY AND MINIMIZING INTERFERENCE ON FIXED TV RECEIVERS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1993222A2 EP1993222A2 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
EP1993222A3 EP1993222A3 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
EP1993222B1 true EP1993222B1 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP08290317A Active EP1993222B1 (en) | 2007-04-03 | 2008-04-01 | Method allowing mobile TV broadcasting on a single frequency and minimising interference with fixed TV receivers |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1993222B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE536047T1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2914809B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5784683A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1998-07-21 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. | Shared use video processing systems for distributing program signals from multiplexed digitized information signals |
FR2890820B1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2008-04-04 | Radiotelephone Sfr | METHOD OF ESTABLISHING COVERAGE FOR DIGITAL TELEPHONE DISTRIBUTION BY REUSING THE SAME FREQUENCY |
-
2007
- 2007-04-03 FR FR0702435A patent/FR2914809B1/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-04-01 AT AT08290317T patent/ATE536047T1/en active
- 2008-04-01 EP EP08290317A patent/EP1993222B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1993222A3 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
ATE536047T1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
EP1993222A2 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
FR2914809B1 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
FR2914809A1 (en) | 2008-10-10 |
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