Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/25—Silicon; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
  • A61K2800/28—Rubbing or scrubbing compositions; Peeling or abrasive compositions; Containing exfoliants

Definitions

• This invention relates to unique dentifrices comprising unique abrasive biogenic silica materials.
• Such compositions exhibit excellent abrasive characteristics, either alone, or in combination with other types of abrasives.
• precipitated silica materials as one example
• simultaneously high pellicle film cleaning properties and moderate dentin abrasion levels are possible in order to accord the user a dentifrice that effectively cleans tooth surfaces while reducing the abrasion of the dentifrice, even at low levels of such biogenic silica additives.
• Such biogenic silica particles thus surprisingly accord beneficial properties within dentifrice compositions.
• Encompassed within this invention is the method of utilizing such biogenic silica products within dentifrices, either as the majority abrasive component, or in combination with any other type of commonly used abrasive material.
• An abrasive substance has typically been included in conventional dentifrice compositions in order to remove various deposits, including pellicle film, from the surface of teeth.
• Pellicle film is tightly adherent and often contains brown or yellow materials which impart a discoloration to the teeth. While cleaning is important, the abrasive should not be so aggressive so as to damage the teeth.
• an effective dentifrice abrasive material maximizes pellicle film removal while causing minimal abrasion and damage to the hard tooth tissues. Consequently, among other things, the performance of the dentifrice is highly sensitive to the extent of abrasion caused by the abrasive ingredient.
• the abrasive cleaning material has been introduced in flowable dry powder form to dentifrice compositions, or via redispersions of flowable dry powder forms of the polishing agent prepared before or at the time of formulating the dentifrice.
• slurry forms of such abrasives have been provided to facilitate storage, transport, and introduction within target dentifrice formulations.
• Synthetic low-structure silica products have been utilized for such a purpose due
• Such components must be viable as ingredients within dentifrice compositions in terms of compatibility with active components, ability to exhibit rheological modification
• Dentifrices and other like paste materials are used for proper dentifrice form (both functionally and aesthetically by the user), and all while simultaneously present in an amount that is cost-effective and having sufficient abrasive and cleaning performance. Dentifrices and other like paste materials
• dentifrices are comprised of a majority of one or more humectants (such as sorbitol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, and the like) in order to permit proper suspension and delivery of the oral care product, an abrasive (such as, typically, precipitated silica) for proper mechanical cleaning and polishing of the subject teeth, water, and other active components (such as fluoride-based compounds for anticaries benefits) and other components to provide other function such as foam and sensory appeal.
• humectants such as sorbitol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, and the like
• an abrasive such as, typically, precipitated silica
• active components such as fluoride-based compounds for anticaries benefits
• a dentifrice is accorded through the proper selection and utilization of thickening agents (such as hydrated silicas, hydrocolloids, gums, and the like) to form a proper network of support to properly contain such important humectant, abrasive, and anticaries ingredients.
• thickening agents such as hydrated silicas, hydrocolloids, gums, and the like
• a number of. water-insoluble, abrasive polishing agents have been used or described for dentifrice compositions. These abrasive polishing agents include natural and synthetic abrasive particulate materials.
• the generally known synthetic abrasive polishing agents include amorphous precipitated silica products and silica gels and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC).
• PCC precipitated calcium carbonate
• synthetic precipitated silicas generally are produced by the destabilization and precipitation of amorphous silica from soluble alkaline silicate by the addition of a mineral acid and/or acid gases under conditions in which primary particles initially formed tend to associate with each other to form a plurality of aggregates (i.e., discrete clusters of primary particles), but without agglomeration into a three-dimensional gel structure.
• the resulting precipitate is separated from the aqueous fraction of the reaction
• silica drying procedures are conventionally accomplished using spray drying, nozzle drying (e.g., tower or fountain), wheel drying, flash drying, rotary wheel drying, oven/fluid bed drying, and the like.
• abrasive materials suffer to a certain extent from limitations associated with maximizing cleaning and minimizing dentin abrasion, not to mention complexity in terms of intensive manufacturing procedures, including issues relating to raw material transport, purchase, and ultimate modification.
• raw materials include silica sand and mineral acids (sulfuric, for example), that include their own difficulties in transport, utilization, purification, storage, and ultimate waste disposal.
• silica sand and mineral acids sulfuric, for example
• new possible abrasive silicas for dentifrices that quire less complexity in manufacture, are available as a drop-in component within dentifrices with predictable rheological behavior and/or modification, and exhibits compatibility with other standard dentifrice components, all with excellent results in terms of dental abrasive qualities, could potentially reduce costs within the industry as well as provide improved film cleaning with tailored levels of abrasiveness, would be a particularly useful advancement in the dentifrice industry. To date, however, and again, such an improvement has not been forthcoming.
• biogenic silicas namely those derived from rice hulls
• PCR pellicle cleaning
• RDA radioactive dentin abrasion ratios
• combinations of rice hull derived silica and other dental abrasives appear to provide potential high levels pellicle film cleaning properties compared with a range of highly desirable
• a dental abrasive comprised of rice hull derived silica as the sole abrasive for simplicity in formulation and production.
• Another advantage of this invention is that desired properties of levels of PCR and RDA may be tailored to suit a particular end-use desired result in accordance with the amount of rice hull silica introduced with a selected amount of other abrasive simultaneously present.
• an advantage of this invention is to provide a dentifrice comprising rice hull derived silica-containing abrasive materials wherein the dentifrice exhibits a range of ratios of PCR to RDA dependent upon the amount of such abrasives materials present as well.
• this invention encompasses a dentifrice comprising a rice hull silica derived abrasive and optionally including any other dental abrasive component, wherein
• said dentifrice exhibits a PCRrRDA of at most 0.70; or, alternatively, such a ratio in excess of 0.70 up to 0.80; and as a second alternative a ratio in excess of 0.80.
• synthetic precipitated silicas are prepared by admixing dilute alkali silicate solutions with strong aqueous mineral acids under conditions where aggregation to the sol and gel cannot occur, stirring and then filtering out the precipitated silica. The resulting precipitate is next washed, dried and comminuted to desired size.
• the preferred biogenic silica material is derived from rice hulls, as is noted within U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,678.
• the manufacturing process for such silica products is described in full within that patent, which is herein incorporated by reference to that extent.
• the description itself of such a manufacturing process is thus as follows as provided within that reference:
• silica content of rice hulls is generally in the 13-15% range of dry weight.
• the silica contained in most biogenic material, such as rice hulls is substantially all of highly desirable amorphous form, but is bound in a biogenic matrix of many other impurities, particularly long chain hydrocarbons such as lignin and cellulose, but including many inorganic minerals such as calcium, magnesium, etc. and compounds thereof.
• the rice hull silicas involve the necessary separation of the silica from the other impurities found in the biogenic material, primarily the hydrocarbons thereof. Following removal of the hydrocarbons, removal of small quantities of inorganic minerals that remain may be easily substantially removed.
• the end product is a finely divided white powder of highly pure amorphous silica.
• a first, but optional step, of the rice hull silica generation may be cleaning the rice hulls.
• this will include screening the hulls to remove stalks, clumps of dirt, leaves and other large bodies therefrom and thereafter washing the hulls, with water, in an aqueous based solution containing a surfactant to enhance wet-ability of the hulls. It is believed that washing the hulls with an aqueous based surfactant solution accelerates absorption of oxidizing solution of a following step, as finely dividing the hulls, by shredding, crushing or other conventional means is also believed to do. Therefore, in this production scheme, the hulls are screened, washed with a surfactant solution and finely divided to accelerate the process. It is however noted that these steps are non-essential, highly pure amorphous silica may be extracted from rice hulls without employing these steps, although duration of the following steps may be increased.
• the optional step of soaking them in water which may be at elevated temperature.
• water which may be, and preferably is, at elevated temperature, removes various soluble impurities therefrom and increases porosity of the hulls (making them more susceptible to penetration by oxidizing solution in the following step), and may also effect some beneficial changes in the lignin and cellulose contained in the hulls. It has been observed that soaking rice hulls at near the boiling point of water for 12 or more hours accelerates the subsequent step of reducing the organic materials of the hulls by soaking them in an aqueous based oxidizing solution.
• the first essential step of the rice hull silica production scheme is reducing the organic materials of the hulls by soaking them in an aqueous based solution containing an oxidizing solute.
• This may be accomplished with any number of materials, including many chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates, permanganates and certain peroxide compounds (such as Fenton's reagent) while comprehended by the invention, although they are not preferred.
• Peracetic acid is a preferred oxidizing solute because its residue is easily removed in the final, optional, step of the process.
• hydrogen peroxide is the most preferred oxidizer because after it is spent water is its only remainder. If the peroxide is not completely spent in processing the hulls, as will typically be the case, so as to ensure full reduction of the organic material of the hulls, the remaining oxygen spontaneously evolves over a short period of time, which evolution may be accelerated
• preferred embodiment of the invention contains approximately 0.1 mole of hydrogen peroxide (about 3.4 grams of peroxide) per kilogram of hulls. It is noted that increasing the temperature of such solution speeds the effect it has on the hulls. Maintaining the temperature of said solution in the 90-100°C range, over a course of 6-8 hours, has been found fully effective. Using a temperature in excess of 100°C will require the use of a pressure vessel. While reduction is possible to at least room temperature or below, it is noted that decreased temperature tends to increase time required for reduction exponentially thus, while comprehended, is not preferred. Initial dosage of hydrogen peroxide may be substantially less, so long as during reduction monitoring is had to insure that at least some non-reacted peroxide remains in solution for a sufficient period of time to accomplish desired reduction of the organic materials of the hulls.
• the hulls may be thoroughly rinsed with water and are preferably then dried to a water content of 10% or less water content by weight.
• Rinsing the hulls, if done, should be done with as pure a water as is practical, such as de-ionized or even distilled water, with very low iron or heavy metal content, lest the rinse water itself contribute undesirable impurities to the silica.
• Drying can be done by any conventional means, but drying with heated air is preferred since the process herein disclosed creates a readily available source of heat.
• the hulls are next "burned" (combusted, or oxidized, by heat in the presence of an oxygenated gas).
• the preferred temperature range at which the hulls are burned is from about 5O0-950°C. At temperatures substantially below that range the carbonaceous impurities of the hulls take an excessive length of time to oxidize fully, and at some point may not oxidize at all.
• the hulls are oxidized by elevated temperature, as described above, in the presence of an oxygen containing gas. In order to ensure good oxygenation of all the hulls they are typically placed in a thin bed and air flowed upwardly therethrough. Oxidation of the hulls occurs so rapidly in air at approximately 600 0 C that by the time the hulls reach temperature set point, oxidation to a fine, white, amorphous silica, without visually detectable carbon residue, is completed.
• silica is stable, quite porous and insoluble in water and acids (except hydrogen fluoride), it can be further washed, rinsed, flushed with wide variety of acids and other solutions designed to remove particular impurities, such as calcium compounds, which remain following oxidation.
• inventive rice hull derived silica abrasive compositions are ready-to-use additives in the preparation of oral cleaning compositions, such as dentifrices, toothpastes, and the like, particularly suited as a raw material in a toothpaste making process. If combined with other abrasives (such as any of the products offered by J.M.
• such an abrasive may be added in any " amount, but generally for higher PCR:RDA ratios (in excess of 0.80), the amount is at most 20% by weight of the total amount of abrasive present, whereas lower ratios of such characteristics (greater than 0.70 up to 0.80), the amount is in excess of 20% and up to 50% by weight, and for less than a 0.70 ratio, the amount is in excess of 50% by weight of the rice hull derived silica.
• inventive rice hull derived silica abrasive compositions may be utilized alone as the cleaning agent component provided in the dentifrice compositions of this invention, although, at least for the high cleaning category materials, the moderately high RDA levels may be unacceptable to some consumers.
• a combination of the inventive composite materials with other abrasives physically blended therewith within a suitable dentifrice formulation is potentially preferred in this regard in order to accord targeted dental cleaning and abrasion results at a desired protective level.
• any number of other conventional types of abrasive additives may be present within inventive dentifrices in accordance with this invention.
• such abrasive particles include, for example, and without limitation, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), ground calcium carbonate (GCC), dicalcium phosphate or its dihydrate forms, silica gel (and of any structure), amorphous precipitated silica (by itself, and of any structure as well), perlite, titanium dioxide, calcium pyrophosphate, hydrated alumina, calcined alumina, insoluble sodium metaphosphate, insoluble potassium metaphosphate, insoluble magnesium carbonate, zirconium silicate, aluminum silicate, and so forth, can be introduced within the desired abrasive compositions to tailor the polishing characteristics of the target formulation (dentifrices, for example, etc.), if desired, as well.
• PCC precipitated calcium carbonate
• GCC ground calcium carbonate
• dicalcium phosphate or its dihydrate forms silica gel (and of any structure)
• silica gel and of any structure
• amorphous precipitated silica by itself, and of any structure as well
• perlite
• the abrasives when incorporated into dentifrice compositions, are present at a level of from about 5% to about 50% by weight, more preferably from about 10% to about 35% by weight, particularly when the dentifrice is a toothpaste.
• Overall dentifrice or oral cleaning formulations incorporating the abrasive compositions of this invention conveniently can comprise the following possible ingredients and relative amounts thereof (all amounts in wt %): Dentifrice Formulation
• Liquid Vehicle humectant(s) (total) 5-70 deionized water 5-70 binder(s) 0.5-2.0 anticaries agent 0.1-2.0 chelating agent(s) 0.4-10 silica thickener* 3-15 surfactant(s) 0.5-2.5 abrasive 10-50 sweetening agent ⁇ 1.0 coloring agents ⁇ 1.0 flavoring agent ⁇ 5.0 preservative ⁇ 0.5
• inventive abrasive could be used in conjunction with other abrasive materials, such as precipitated silica, silica gel, dicalcium phosphate, dicalicum phosphate dihydrate, calcium metasilicate, calcium pyrophosphate, alumina, calcined alumina, aluminum silicate, precipitated and ground calcium carbonate, chalk, bentonite, particulate thermosetting resins and other suitable abrasive materials known to
• the dentifrice may also contain one or more organoleptic enhancing agents.
• Organoleptic enhancing agents include humectants, sweeteners, surfactants, flavorants, colorants and thickening agents, (also sometimes known as binders, gums, or stabilizing agents),
• Humectants serve to add body or "mouth texture" to a dentifrice as well as preventing the dentifrice from drying out.
• Suitable humectants include polyethylene glycol (at a variety of different molecular weights), propylene glycol, glycerin (glycerol), erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, lactitol, and hydrogenated starch hydrolyzates, as well as mixtures of these compounds.
• Typical levels of humectants are from about 20 wt% to about 30 wt% of a toothpaste composition.
• Sweeteners may be added to the toothpaste composition to impart a pleasing taste to the product.
• Suitable sweeteners include saccharin (as sodium, potassium or calcium saccharin), cyclamate (as a sodium, potassium or calcium salt), acesulfane-K, thaumatin, neohisperidin dihydrochalcone, ammoniated glycyrrhizin, dextrose, levulose, sucrose, mannose, and glucose.
• Surfactants are used in the compositions of the present invention to make the compositions more cosmetically acceptable.
• the surfactant is preferably a detersive material which imparts to the composition detersive and foaming properties.
• Suitable surfactants are safe and effective amounts of anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and betaine surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkali metal or ammonium salts of lauroyl sarcosinate, myristoyl sarcosinate, palmitoyl sarcosinate, stearoyl sarcosinate and oleoyl sarcosinate,, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, isostearate and laurate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, N-lauroyl sarcosine, the sodium, potassium, and ethanolamine salts of N- lau
• Sodium lauryl sulfate is a preferred surfactant.
• the surfactant is typically present in the oral care compositions of the present invention in an amount of about 0.1 to about 15% by weight, preferably about 0.3% to about 5% by weight, such as from about 0.3 % to about 2%, by weight.
• Flavoring agents optionally can be added to dentifrice compositions. Suitable flavoring agents include, but are not limited to, oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, oil of sassafras, and oil of clove, cinnamon, anethole, menthol, thymol, eugenol, eucalyptol, lemon, orange and other such flavor compounds to add fruit notes, spice notes, etc. These flavoring agents consist chemically of mixtures of aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols, acids, and aliphatic, aromatic and other alcohols.
• Colorants may be added to improve the aesthetic appearance of the product. Suitable colorants are selected from colorants approved by appropriate regulatory bodies such as the FDA and those listed in the European Food and Pharmaceutical Directives and include pigments, such as ⁇ O 2 , and colors such as FD&C and D&C dyes.
• Thickening agents are useful in the dentifrice compositions of the present invention to provide a gelatinous structure that stabilizes the toothpaste against phase
• Suitable thickening agents include silica thickener; starch; glycerite of starch; gums such as gum karaya (sterculia gum), gum tragacanth, gum arabic, gum ghatti, gum acacia, xanthan gum, guar gum and cellulose gum; magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum); carrageenan; sodium alginate; agar-agar; pectin; gelatin; cellulose compounds such as cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl carboxypropyl cellulose, methyl
• compositions of the present invention are optionally used in the compositions of the present invention to provide for the prevention and treatment of dental caries, periodontal disease and temperature sensitivity.
• therapeutic agents examples include fluoride sources, such as sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, potassium monofluorophosphate, stannous fluoride, potassium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicate, ammonium fluorosilicate and the like; condensed phosphates such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, trisodium monohydrogen pyrophosphate; tripolyphosphates, hexametaphosphates, trimetaphosphates and pyrophosphates, such as ; antimicrobial agents such as triclosan, bisguanides, such as alexidine, chl ⁇ rhexidine and chlorhexidine gluconate; enzymes such as papain, bromelain, glucoamylase, amylase, dextranase, mutanase, lipases, pectina
• fluoride sources such as sodium
• Preservatives may also be optionally added to the compositions of the present invention to prevent bacterial growth. Suitable preservatives approved for use in oral compositions such as methylparaben, propylparaben and sodium benzoate, or combinations thereof, may be added in safe and effective amounts.
• the dentifrices disclosed herein may also a variety of additional ingredients such as desensitizing agents, healing agents, other caries preventative agents, chelating/sequestering agents, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, other anti-plaque/anti- calculus agents, opacifiers, antibiotics, anti-enzymes, enzymes, pH control agents, oxidizing agents, antioxidants, and the like
• the water provides the balance of the composition in addition to the additives mentioned.
• the water is preferably deionized and free of impurities.
• the dentifrice will usually comprise from about 0 to about 60 wt% of water, with some having narrower ranges (from all sources) of from about 5 to about 35%, and others may have even narrower ranges of between 20 wt% to about 35 wt%.
• silica thickeners for utilization within such a toothpaste formulation include, as a non-limiting example, an amorphous precipitated silica such as ZEODENT® 165 silica.
• amorphous precipitated silica such as ZEODENT® 165 silica.
• Other preferred (though non-limiting) silica thickeners are ZEODENT® 163 and/or 167 and ZEOFREE®153, 177, and/or 265 silicas, all available from J. M. Huber Corporation, Havre de Grace Md., U.S.A.
• a "dentifrice” has the meaning defined in Oral Hygiene Products and Practice, Morton Pader, Consumer Science and Technology Series, Vol. 6, Marcel Dekker, NY 1988, p. 200, which is incorporated herein by reference. Namely, a “dentifrice” is " . . . a substance used with a toothbrush to clean the accessible surfaces of the teeth. Dentifrices are primarily composed of water, detergent, humectant, binder, flavoring agents, and a finely powdered abrasive as the principal ingredient . . .
• a dentifrice is considered to be an abrasive-containing dosage form for delivering anti- caries agents to the teeth.”
• Dentifrice formulations contain ingredients which must be dissolved prior to incorporation into the dentifrice formulation (e.g. anti-caries agents such as sodium fluoride, sodium phosphates, flavoring agents such as saccharin).
• Median particle size is determined using a Model LA-300 laser light scattering instrument available from Horiba Instruments, Boothwyn, Pennsylvania.
• the Brass Einlehner (BE) Abrasion test used to measure the hardness of the precipitated silicas/silica gels reported in this application is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,616,916, incorporated herein by reference, involves an Einlehner AT- 1000 Abrader generally used as follows: (1) a Fourdrinier brass wire screen is weighed and exposed to the action of a 10% aqueous silica suspension for a fixed length of time; (2) the amount of abrasion is then determined as milligrams brass lost from the Fourdrinier wire screen per 100,000 revolutions. The result, measured in units of mg loss, can be
• RDA Radioactive Dentin Abrasion
• PCR Pellicle Cleaning Ratio
• CTAB surface area m 2 /g - - - 123
• STRATOSILTM S- 100 silica is derived from rice hulls and is available from
• Example 1 was obtained as an unmilled, spray dried sample of STRATOSIL S-100 as is demonstrated by its large particle size.
• Examples 2-4 were obtained as milled samples of STRATOSIL S-100.
• the very small particle size samples still had a very high Einlehner abrasion value of about 20-25 mg loss, compared to precipitated silica abrasives which typically have an Einlehner abrasion of about 3-8 mg loss.
• Toothpaste formulations were prepared using several of the above-described silica examples to demonstrate the optimum dental protection benefits.
• the glycerin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol and sorbitol were mixed together and stirred until the ingredients were dissolved to form a first admixture.
• the deionized water, sodium fluoride, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and sodium saccharin were also mixed together and stirred until these ingredients are dissolved to form a second admixture. These two admixtures were then combined with stirring. Thereafter, the optional color was added with stirring to obtain a "pre-mix".
• the pre-mix was placed in a Ross mixer (Model 130 LDM) and silica thickener, inventive abrasive silica and titanium dioxide were mixed in without vacuum.
• the dentifrice formulations are given in Table 2 below.
• the dentifrice formulation utilized was considered a suitable test dentifrice formulation for the purposes of determining PCR and RDA measurements for the inventive cleaning abrasives.
• ZEODENT ® 165 is an amorphous, precipitated high structure silica thickening agent available from J.M. Huber Corporation, Havre de Grace, Maryland; CARBOWAX ® 600 is a polyethylene glycol available from the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan; and CEKOL ® 2000 is a CMC available from the Noviant Group, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
• the dentifrice formulations prepared above were evaluated for PCR and RDA properties, according to the methods described above; the measurements for each dentifrice formulation are provided in Table 3 below.
• the RDA values are independent of the silica particle size
• Glycerin 99.5%, g 11.000 ⁇ .ooo 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000
• CEKOL ® 2000 CMC g 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
• Example 5 silica, g 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
• Example 6 silica, g 0 20 0 - 0 0 O 0
• Example 7 silica, g 0 0 20 0 0 0 O 0
• Example 8 silica, g 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0
• Example 9 silica, g 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0
• Example 10 silica, g 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0
• Example 11 silica, g 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0
• Example 12 silica, g 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 20
• Flavor e 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 The dentifrice formulations prepared above were evaluated for PCR and RDA properties, according to the methods described above; the measurements for each dentifrice formulation are provided in Table 6 below.
• ZEODENT 114 is a less abrasive silica, than ZEODENT 119 silica, demonstrated by their Einlehner values.
• Toothpaste Formulations 6-8 contained blends of STRATOSIL rice hull silica and ZEODENT 119 silica in the same ratios as Toothpaste Formulations 9-11 containing the rice hull silica and ZEODENT 114 silica.
• a higher PCR/RDA ratio is obtained when the less abrasive ZEODENT 114 was used.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=38224648

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (31)

• 2005
  • 2005-12-30 US US11/323,865 patent/US20070154413A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2006
  • 2006-12-08 EP EP06839262A patent/EP1978923A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-12-08 BR BRPI0620820A patent/BRPI0620820A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-12-08 JP JP2008548541A patent/JP2009522263A/ja active Pending
  • 2006-12-08 WO PCT/US2006/047062 patent/WO2007078631A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2006-12-08 CN CN2006800498773A patent/CN101351184B/zh active Active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events