Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
  • C10J3/16—Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
  • C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
  • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0973—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
  • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
  • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
  • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
  • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
  • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

• the method for converting organic wastes into fuels is applicable to the utilization of these wastes by their gasification into synthesis gas with subsequent catalytic conversion of the synthesis gas obtained into liquid synthetic motor fuels and (or) valuable chemical products.
• a method of converting organic wastes including their treatment with a gasifying agent - oxygen (air), water vapor and (or) carbon dioxide - is known. After this the gas mixture obtained is subject to decomposition at temperature 950 - 1,050 0 C for 1 s, which results in obtaining products of destruction that are immersed in water at temperature 200 - 800 0 C for their separation to synthesis gas and low-molecular compounds.
• the synthesis gas is treated in the presence of a catalyst and liquid hydrocarbons or alcohol compounds, gaseous hydrocarbons and CO 2 are obtained [RU2014346].
• the method of converting oganic wastes consisting in their treatment with a gasifying agent (oxygen, water vapor and (or) carbon dioxide) in the presence of fuel gas [RU2217199] is the closest to the invention and a prototype.
• a gasifying agent oxygen, water vapor and (or) carbon dioxide
• fuel gas [RU2217199]
• Natural gas in the volumetric ratio of oxygen/natural gas from 0.01 to 0.5 is used as a fuel gas.
• the synthesis gas obtained after gasification is compressed and subject to deep purification from mechanical impurities, compounds of sulphur and nitrogen and heavy metals.
• the compressed and purified synthesis gas or the synthesis gas along with the liquid organic wastes is fed into a reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons, where it is subject to conversion into liquid motor fuels or into liquid motor fuels and components of basic oils in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst containing oxides of zinc and chromium, or of zinc, chromium and copper, or pf iron, or of cobalt and ruthenium, in combination with an acidic component - a zeolite of the type ZSM-5, Beta, modernite or silicoaluminophosphate.
• the gasification of wastes is realized in a plasma-thermal way, and sludges from municipal sewage water, partially dewatered to residual humidity not exceeding 50 % of the mass, are used as organic wastes, the gasification of sludges taking place at mass ratio of the oxygen to the natural gas equal to 1:10.
• the gas mixture obtained (synthesis gas) is cooled by heat recuperation, compressed and purified from mechanical impurities, compounds of sulphur and nitrogen and heavy metals.
• the synthesis gas purified from impurities is directed, at pressure 80 atm, into a reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons, where conversion of the hydrogen and carbon oxides takes place at temperature 360 - 420 0 C with the help of a bifunctional catalyst containing oxides of zinc and chromium in combination with the acidic component - zeolite of the type ZSM-5.
• the products obtained are cooled and separated in a separator into gas, water and hydrocarbon fraction.
• the motor fuel obtained is petrol with octane number 92 and features a yield of 140 g per 1 nm 3 of synthesis gas for conversion of the carbon oxides above 90 %.
• the gaseous by-products obtained at the stage of hydrocarbon synthesis are directed to the fuel system of the enterprise. This method has a number of disadvantages, namely:
• the conversion of the synthesis gas obtained through gasification of organic wastes (domestic waste or sludges from municipal sewage water) at the stage of hydrocarbon synthesis, is realized by using a bifunctional catalyst containing copper, zinc and chromium oxides in combination with zeolite of the type ZSM-5, or oxides of cobalt and ruthenium in combination with zeolite of the type ZSM-5, or oxides of iron in combination with the acidic component of the zeolite of the type ZSM-5.
• Using the acidic component of the zeolite of type ZSM-5 in all the catalysts has the following disadvantages:
• the task of the invention consists in creating a method of converting the organic wastes into fuels with increased quality of the synthesis gas obtained, increased effectiveness of the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons and optimized utilization of the catalyst in simplified equipment for the implementation of the method.
• This task is solved by creating a method of converting organic wastes into fuels, including a stage of treating the wastes with a gasifying agent containing oxygen, water vapor and (or) carbon dioxide, where a synthesis gas is obtained, which is subsequently compressed, subject to deep purification from mechanical impurities and compounds of sulphur, nitrogen and heavy metals. Then, the so purified synthesis gas or the synthesis gas mixed with liquid organic wastes is fed into a reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons and converted with the help of a polyfunctional catalyst into liquid motor fuels and components of basic oils.
• the first stage of gasification is realized at volumetric ratio of the organic wastes/activating gas in the range from 5 to 30 and at temperature 600 - 1,000 0 C under the action of modulated high-frequency fields in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 50 MKb at modulation frequency in range from 0.5 KHz to 100 KHz.
• the second stage the gasification is carried out under the action of no less than two single-electrode high-frequency discharges generated permanently in the central and upper parts of the reactor.
• the synthesis gas obtained after the gasification is subject to purification in the presence of non-homogeneous variable electromagnetic fields and non-equilibrium plasma and converted into liquid motor fuels with the help of polyf ⁇ nctional catalyst containing oxides of iron, zinc and molybdenum in combination with a carrier, namely aluminium, its oxides and phosphates.
• gaseous hydrocarbons obtained in the process of synthesis of motor fuels from synthesis gas, are subject to oligomerization for obtaining liquid hydrocarbons, this being realized in the presence of a molybdenum-containing catalyst.
• An advantage of the method of converting organic wastes into fuels is the increased quality of the synthesis gas obtained, the increased effectiveness of the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons and the optimized utilization of the catalyst, which simplifies the equipment for the implementation of the method.
• the method is realized with known standard installations, including a stage of high-frequency gasification by treating the wastes with modulated high- frequency fields and a stage of plasma-chemical gasification, realized by means of an action exercised upon the wastes by strongly non-equilibrium plasma from single-electrode high-frequency discharges that are generated directly in the vapor medium.
• a gas mixture of synthesis gas and solid inorganic products is obtained, the synthesis gas being subsequently subject to catalytic conversion into gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons.
• the gasifying agent contains oxygen, water vapor and (or) carbon dioxide.
• the synthesis gas obtained is subject to purification from mechanical impurities, compressed and subject to high- frequency plasma-chemical purification from contents of nitrogen, sulphur and heavy metals through the action of modulated high-frequency fields and plasma from single-electrode high-frequency discharges generated in different areas of the purification apparatus.
• the so purified synthesis gas is directed into a reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons and subject to conversion into liquid motor fuels or into liquid motor fuels and components of basic oils with the help of a polyfunctional catalyst containing oxides of iron, zinc and molybdenum in combination with a carrier of aluminium, its oxides and aluminium phosphate.
• a polyfunctional catalyst containing oxides of iron, zinc and molybdenum in combination with a carrier of aluminium, its oxides and aluminium phosphate.
• the organic component of the domestic waste or of the sludges from the municipal sewage system is used as a converted material.
• the process is carried out for a mass ratio of active gas/wastes in the interval 10/4.
• the synthesis gas at pressure 30 - 50 atm (3 - 5 MPa), is directed into the reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons, where, at temperature 220 - 340 0 C, the conversion of the hydrogen and carbon oxides into liquid motor fuels and (or) components of basic oils is performed in the presence of a polyfunctional catalyst.
• the gaseous by-products, which are obtained at the stage of hydrocarbon synthesis, are directed into a reactor for catalytic oligomerization in order to produce high- octane additions.
• the gasification of organic wastes by using an agent that represents a mixture of oxygen, water vapor and (or) carbon dioxide at the first stage is realized under the action of modulated high-frequency fields in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 50 MHz at modulation frequency in the range from 0.5 KHz to 100 KHz.
• a synthesis gas the composition of which, namely the ratio H 2 /CO, is the most favorable for the further synthesis of hydrocarbons.
• the conditions of gasification which favor the maximal conversion of the organic components of solid domestic wastes, may not correspond to the conditions, under which synthesis gas with optimal composition is obtained. For instance, raising the temperature of gasification increases the depth of conversion of the organic wastes, but at temperatures higher than 1,000 0 C an increase in the quantity of formed by-products is observed, in particular nitrogen oxides, which are undesirable impurities in the final product - the synthesis gas.
• Raising the content of oxygen in the vapor-gas mixture used in the gasification leads to an increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas obtained with simultaneous diminishment of the hydrogen content.
• a synthesis gas with low content of hydrogen (15 - 50 volume %) and high content of carbon monoxide (30 - 50 volume %) is obtained.
• Such a composition of the synthesis gas is not optimal for being used in the production of hydrocarbons by applying the Fischer-Tropsch reaction (the optimal ratio hydrogen/carbon monoxide is 2:2.5).
• energy is additionally transferred into the gasification reactor and natural gas is additionally fed in.
• water vapor instead of oxygen requires additional transferring of heat to the gasification reactor.
• the gasification conditions depend significantly on the composition of the organic part of solid domestic wastes.
• the composition of the organic part depends on the specificities of transporting, sorting and storing the wastes.
• the process of gasification takes place at temperature 800 0 C in two stages: at the first stage an action is exerted by means of modulated high-frequency fields with carrier frequency 1.76 MHz and modulation frequency 0.5 KHz, and at the second stage an action is exerted by means of two permanently generated single-electrod high-frequency discharges in the central and upper parts of the reactor.
• the synthesis gas obtained after the gasification is subject to purification in the presence of non-homogeneous variable electromagnetic fields and non-equilibrium plasma, after which it is cooled, purified from mechanical impurities, compressed and directed into the reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons at temperature 300 0 C and pressure 30 atm.
• the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons is carried out in the presence of a polyfunctional catalyst containing oxides of iron, zinc and boron in combination with a carrier of aluminium and its oxides.
• the yield of the motor fuels produced is 190 g/nm 3 of synthesis gas for conversion of the carbon oxides equal to 98 %.
• the process of gasification takes place in conditions analogous to those of Example 1. At that, 80 percent of the organic components of domestic wastes are decomposed to CO, CO 2 and H 2 .
• the synthesis gas obtained after the gasification is subject to purification from mechanical and chemical impurities, compressed and directed into the reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons at temperature 300 0 C and pressure 30 atm.
• the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons takes place in the presence of a polyfunctional catalyst containing oxides of iron, zinc and molybdenum in combination with a carrier of aluminium, its oxides and phosphates.
• the yield of the motor fuel produced is 190 g/nm 3 of synthesis gas for conversion of the carbon oxides equal to 98 %.
• the process of gasification takes place in two stages: at the first stage an action is exerted by means of modulated high-frequency fields with carrier frequency 30 MHz and modulation frequency 50 KHz, and at the second stage an action is exerted by means of two permanently generated single-electrode high-frequency discharges in the central and upper parts of the reactor. At that, 96 percent of the organic components of domestic wastes are decomposed to CO, CO 2 and H 2 .
• the synthesis gas obtained after the gasification is subject to purification in the presence of non-homogenous variable electromagnetic fields and non-equilibrium plasma, after which it is cooled, purified from mechanical impurities, compressed and directed into the reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons at temperature 300 0 C and pressure 30 atm.
• the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons takes place in the presence of a polyfunctional catalyst containing oxides of iron, zinc and molybdenum in combination with a carrier of aluminium, its oxides and phosphates.
• the yield of the motor fuels produced is 190 g/nm 3 of synthesis gas for conversion of the carbon oxides equal to 98 %.
• the gaseous hydrocarbons that are obtained in the process of synthesis of motor fuels from the synthesis gas are directed for oligomerization, which is performed at temperature 240 0 C and pressure 5 atm in the presence of a catalyst containing molybdenum and a carrier of aluminium and its oxides.
• the obtained mixture of liquid hydrocarbons (oligomers) with octane number 90 is used as a high-octane addition to the motor fuels.
• the process of gasification takes place in two stages: at the first stage an action is exerted by means of modulated high-frequency fields with carrier frequency 50 MHz and modulation frequency 90 KHz, and at the second stage an action is exerted by means of two permanently generated single-electrode high-frequency discharges in the central and upper parts of the reactor. At that, 92 percent of the organic components of domestic wastes are decomposed to CO, CO 2 and H 2 .
• the synthesis gas obtained after the gasification is subject to purification in the presence of non-homogeneous variable electromagnetic fields and non-equilibrium plasma, after which they are cooled, purified from mechanical impurities, compressed and directed into the reactor for synthesis of hydrocarbons at temperature 300 0 C and pressure 30 atm.
• the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons takes place in the presence of a polyfunctional catalyst containing oxides of iron, zinc and molybdenum in combination with a carrier of aluminium, its oxides and phosphates.
• the yield of the motor fuels produced is 190 g/nm 3 of synthesis gas for conversion of the carbon oxides equal to 98 %.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-07-29 BG BG109245A patent/BG109245A/bg unknown
• 2006
  • 2006-01-17 WO PCT/BG2006/000002 patent/WO2007012149A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2006-01-17 EP EP06701858A patent/EP1969096A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-02-09 UA UAA200600577A patent/UA79215C2/uk unknown
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