EP1963561B1 - Washer-dryer including a peltier heat-pump - Google Patents

Washer-dryer including a peltier heat-pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1963561B1
EP1963561B1 EP06819741.7A EP06819741A EP1963561B1 EP 1963561 B1 EP1963561 B1 EP 1963561B1 EP 06819741 A EP06819741 A EP 06819741A EP 1963561 B1 EP1963561 B1 EP 1963561B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
peltier
peltier module
voltage
laundry drier
mains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06819741.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1963561A1 (en
Inventor
Hasan Gökcer ALBAYRAK
Andreas Stolze
Thomas Ludenia
Günter Steffens
Klaus Grunert
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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Publication of EP1963561A1 publication Critical patent/EP1963561A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/206—Heat pump arrangements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/50—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers related to heat pumps, e.g. pressure or flow rate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/26—Heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/021—Control thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tumble dryer comprising a Peltier heat pump with a Peltier module, which comprises at least one series arrangement of Peltier elements, each series arrangement can be acted upon by a DC voltage, and a circuit arrangement for operating the Peltier module.
  • a dryer with a Peltier module is in document DE 20 202 782 U2 disclosed.
  • Peltier element in structure and function is known, which has the structure described above.
  • the half elements of this Peltier element are columnar or cuboidal and consist of doped semiconductors as materials.
  • the semiconductors are in particular bismuth telluride, and a p-type doped semiconductor and an n-type doped semiconductor are used.
  • a half element of the p-type doped semiconductor and a half element of the n-type doped semiconductor are each connected to one side via a printed circuit board, also referred to as a metal bridge, and at another side, which is opposite to said one side , connected in each case via a further printed circuit board with a further half-element or a connection contact for connection of the Peltier element to an electrical network.
  • a printed circuit board also referred to as a metal bridge
  • the DE 1 410 206 A is a washing machine, in which laundry not only washed, but also can be dried.
  • an electric heating device for heating an air stream used for drying laundry and a simple heat exchanger for cooling the heated Air flow may be provided after applying the laundry, but the heater and the radiator may also belong to a heat pump.
  • the heat pump device may be a heat pump device which operates with Peltier elements for use of the thermoelectric effect.
  • the series arrangements must be subjected to DC voltages of different magnitudes to occupy an operating point which is suitable for the operation of the Peltier module in the context of a Peltier heat pump for a tumble dryer.
  • the DC voltage is generated by rectifying the mains voltage, in particular 230 volts AC, in a mains rectifier having a conventional rectifier design.
  • the number of Peltier elements and the manufacturer of the Peltier elements are selected so that they are adapted to this rectified mains voltage optimized.
  • the number of Peltier elements and the manufacturer type are selected such that the Peltier elements of the series arrangement are operated by applying the rectified mains voltage to the series arrangement at an operating point which is suitable for the Use of the Peltier module in a Peltier heat pump is at least suitable and is preferably optimized.
  • the invention makes it possible to operate the Peltier module indirectly with mains voltage.
  • mains voltage in particular, in the context of a tumble dryer, which is connected to the mains voltage, this represents a particularly simple way of providing a DC voltage.
  • a switch is provided with two positions, at its first position, the rectified mains voltage of the Peltier module acted upon, and at its second position, the rectified mains voltage is not applied to the Peltier module, but the Peltier module is connected to another consumer.
  • the switch takes account of the fact that another consumer in the tumble dryer can use an electrical voltage that arises due to the sea-bake effect when the Peltier module is exposed to a temperature difference between the associated heater and the associated cooler without connection of an external electrical voltage.
  • a preferred example of this is the interior lighting of the tumble dryer: If the tumble dryer is opened, the Peltier heat pump is switched off in any case beforehand. Interior lighting and Peltier module are thus not in competition with each other, but are operated alternately.
  • the switch can be controlled by a drive unit. This may for example be connected to the main controller of the tumble dryer, so that they z. B. detects whether the dryer is opened or not to make the said switchover to the interior lighting can.
  • the Peltier module which is separate from its supplying DC voltage, is used as a sensor: From the voltage generated by itself (as explained above), a temperature difference between the heating and cooling component of the Peltier module can be determined and the electrical resistance of the Peltier module results its own operating temperature.
  • the Peltier module is used accordingly in several respects as a temperature sensor, with suitable connections to the drive unit being provided for the purpose of detecting corresponding measured variables.
  • the control unit can control the switch at least optionally as a function of the temperature and thus repeating periodically make appropriate measurements. This makes it possible to introduce a control in which the Peltier module is turned off when the temperature leaves a critical area.
  • the control temperature depends on the temperature sensor data and the dimensioning of the control circuit.
  • a switch can be controlled, which can interrupt the entire voltage supply, for example because it is located on the AC side of the power rectifier and can interrupt the AC power supply. This then takes into account the fact that the other consumers do not need the voltage during the temperature control of the Peltier module in the meantime, so that the rectifier can be completely turned off in the context of the scheme.
  • the temperature control of the type mentioned serves to regulate the temperature in a certain range.
  • an over-temperature protection can be provided. This can be made much more direct than it takes place via the intermediate path of a special temperature sensor.
  • a thermal switch can be coupled. If the Peltier module (at the coupling point) exceeds a certain temperature, the thermal switch switches.
  • the thermal switch may be disposed on the DC side, it is preferable that it is disposed on the AC supply side to the power rectifier, so that it interrupts the AC power supply completely in the case of overheating.
  • a buffer capacitor may be arranged downstream.
  • the charging current on the buffer capacitor is preferably limited by a charging current limiter (for example of the NTC type).
  • the corresponding interconnection results in a logical manner such that the buffer capacitor is connected in parallel with two outputs of the mains rectifier, and that the charging current limiter is arranged in the current path between a terminal of the mains rectifier and a terminal of the buffer capacitor.
  • FIG. illustrates the circuit diagram of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. schematically illustrates a Peltier module 1, which is to serve for use in a Peltier heat pump for a tumble dryer.
  • the Peltier module comprises Peltier elements 2 connected in series, although twelve Peltier elements are shown here, but the Peltier module need not be fixed to the number twelve.
  • the number of Peltier elements and the operating values of the Peltier elements i.e., the manufacturer type of Peltier elements
  • the Peltier element array can be operated with a voltage that results when the line voltage is rectified.
  • the mains voltage of 230 volts AC (230 Vac) is initially provided, wherein here the connections L and N are shown schematically.
  • the AC voltage is rectified by a mains rectifier 3, which has a conventional construction of a rectifier.
  • a buffer capacitor 4 is provided, which is connected in parallel with the DC-side terminals of the mains rectifier 3.
  • NTC resistor i.e., a negative temperature coefficient resistor
  • Thermally coupled to the Peltier module 1 is a thermal switch 6. At an excess temperature of the Peltier module 1, the thermal switch 6 switches on the AC side of the power rectifier 3, cuts off the AC power supply and thus turns off the Peltier module 1.
  • the temperature control can also be designed somewhat more precisely.
  • a temperature sensor 7 is provided on the Peltier module 1 at a predefined location. This supplies electronic measured values to a relay drive unit (relay drive circuit) 11.
  • a relay drive unit relay drive circuit
  • About the Relaisan Kunststoff Vietnamese 11 can also be a AC-side switch 9 are actuated, d. H. the entire Peltier module 1 are turned off.
  • the Relaisan horr Vietnamese 11 has as a further input a DC voltage signal from the main controller of the tumble dryer.
  • the Peltier module 1 can therefore also be switched off indirectly via the main control by means of the relay drive circuit 11 and the switch 9.
  • a switch 10 (relay) is provided.
  • the rectified mains voltage can also be separated from the Peltier module 1 and the Peltier module 1 can be switched to an interior lighting 12 of the tumble dryer.
  • the interior lighting 12 four light-emitting diodes and an additional resistor connected in series to the light-emitting diodes are illustrated schematically here.
  • the change-over switch 10 can also bring about a switchover to other consumers, such as further sensors, measuring devices, controls, display elements, etc .; Such measuring devices are expediently integrated into the main controller 11 of the tumble dryer.
  • the changeover switch 10 is also controlled via the Relaisan Kunststoffnik 11, so it can be optionally regulated depending on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7.
  • the changeover switch 10 By switching the Peltier module 1 is separated from the DC voltage, whereby the temperature is lowered again. If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 drops below a certain limit value, the drive unit 11 becomes active again and switches the switch 10 again, so that the Peltier module 1 is again connected to the rectified mains voltage.
  • a throttle 8 for power factor correction (Power Factor Correction, PFC) is connected upstream of the rectifier 3.
  • the Peltier module 1 has operating values which are optimized by suitable choice of the number of individual Peltier elements 2 and by suitable selection of this type in such a way that it can be operated with a rectified mains voltage.
  • the operating point is optimized for the operation of the Peltier module 1 for use in the context of a Peltier heat pump in providing the rectified mains voltage.
  • the switch 10 may be provided, which switch 10 thus provides the voltage in the Peltier module 1 caused by the Seebeck effect usable voltage for other consumers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wäschetrockner umfassend eine Peltier-Wärmepumpe mit einem Peltiermodul, welches zumindest eine Reihenanordung aus Peltierelementen umfasst, wobei jede Reihenanordnung mit einer Gleichspannung beaufschlagbar ist, und einer Schaltungsanordung zum Betreiben des Peltiermoduls. Ein solcher Wäschetrockner mit einem Peltiermodul ist in Dokument DE 20 202 782 U2 offenbart.The invention relates to a tumble dryer comprising a Peltier heat pump with a Peltier module, which comprises at least one series arrangement of Peltier elements, each series arrangement can be acted upon by a DC voltage, and a circuit arrangement for operating the Peltier module. Such a dryer with a Peltier module is in document DE 20 202 782 U2 disclosed.

Aus dem US-Patent 2,944,404 geht ein Apparat zur Entfeuchtung von Umgebungsluft hervor, welcher eine mit Peltier-Elementen aufgebaute Wärmepumpe aufweist. In dieser Wärmepumpe wird durchströmende Umgebungsluft zunächst abgekühlt, um Feuchtigkeit auszukondensieren, und dann wieder erwärmt. Die Wärmepumpe umfasst eine Reihenanordnung aus Peltierelementen, welche mit einer Gleichspannung beaufschlagbar ist. Die Gleichspannung kann durch Gleichrichten einer Wechselspannung erzeugt sein.From the U.S. Patent 2,944,404 An apparatus for dehumidifying ambient air emerges, which has a heat pump constructed with Peltier elements. In this heat pump, ambient air flowing through is first cooled to condense moisture, and then reheated. The heat pump comprises a series arrangement of Peltier elements, which can be acted upon by a DC voltage. The DC voltage can be generated by rectifying an AC voltage.

Aus einem Dokument, welches am 25. November 2005 von der Internet-Adresse http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltier-Element herunterladbar war, ist ein Peltierelement in Aufbau und Funktion bekannt, welches den vorstehend beschriebenen Aufbau aufweist. Die Halbelemente dieses Peltierelements sind säulen- oder quaderförmig ausgebildet und bestehen aus dotierten Halbleitern als Werkstoffe. Die Halbleiter sind insbesondere Wismut-Tellurid, und es kommen ein p-leitend dotierter und ein n-leitend dotierter Halbleiter zum Einsatz. Jeweils ein Halbelement aus dem p-leitend dotierten Halbleiter und ein Halbelement aus dem n-leitend dotierten Halbleiter sind jeweils an einer Seite über ein Leiterplättchen, auch als Metallbrücke bezeichnet, miteinander verbunden, und an einer anderen Seite, welche der genannten einen Seite gegenüber liegt, über jeweils ein weiteres Leiterplättchen mit einem weiteren Halbelement oder einem Anschlusskontakt zum Anschluss des Peltierelements an ein elektrisches Netzwerk verbunden.From a document, which was downloadable on November 25, 2005 from the Internet address http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltier-Element, a Peltier element in structure and function is known, which has the structure described above. The half elements of this Peltier element are columnar or cuboidal and consist of doped semiconductors as materials. The semiconductors are in particular bismuth telluride, and a p-type doped semiconductor and an n-type doped semiconductor are used. In each case, a half element of the p-type doped semiconductor and a half element of the n-type doped semiconductor are each connected to one side via a printed circuit board, also referred to as a metal bridge, and at another side, which is opposite to said one side , connected in each case via a further printed circuit board with a further half-element or a connection contact for connection of the Peltier element to an electrical network.

Weitere Hinweise zu Grundlagen, anwendungsbezogener Auswahl und Montage von Peltierelementen ergeben sich aus Dokumenten, die am 25. November 2005 von den Internet-Adressen http://www.quick-ohm.de/waerme/download/Erlaeuterung-zu-Peltierelementen.pdf und http://www.quick-ohm.de/waerme/download/Einbau.pdf herunterladbar waren.Further information on the basics, application-specific selection and assembly of Peltier elements can be found in documents published on 25 November 2005 by the Internet addresses http://www.quick-ohm.de/waerme/download/Erlaeuterung-zu-Peltierelementen.pdf and http://www.quick-ohm.de/waerme/download/Einbau.pdf were downloadable.

Aus der DE 1 410 206 A geht eine Waschmaschine hervor, in welcher Waschgut nicht nur gewaschen, sondern auch getrocknet werden kann. Für die dazu erforderlichen zusätzlichen Einrichtungen zeigt die Schrift mehrere Alternativen; insbesondere können eine elektrische Heizvorrichtung zum Erwärmen eines zur Trocknung von Waschgut eingesetzten Luftstroms und ein einfacher Wärmetauscher zum Abkühlen des erwärmten Luftstroms nach dem Beaufschlagen des Waschguts vorgesehen sein, der Heizer und der Kühler können aber auch zu einer Wärmepumpeinrichtung gehören. Die Wärmepumpeinrichtung kann eine Wärmepumpeinrichtung sein, welche mit Peltierelementen zur Nutzung des thermoelektrischen Effekts arbeitet.From the DE 1 410 206 A is a washing machine, in which laundry not only washed, but also can be dried. For the additional facilities required for this, the document shows several alternatives; In particular, an electric heating device for heating an air stream used for drying laundry and a simple heat exchanger for cooling the heated Air flow may be provided after applying the laundry, but the heater and the radiator may also belong to a heat pump. The heat pump device may be a heat pump device which operates with Peltier elements for use of the thermoelectric effect.

Eine aus einem in der Datensammlung " Patent Abstracts of Japan" zur JP 08 057 194 A gehörigen englischen Kurzauszug hervorgehende Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Waschgut, welche wiederum der Eingangs beschriebenen Gattung entspricht, enthält in ihrem ersten Kanalsystem neben einem Heizer und einem Kühler, welche beide zu einer thermoelektrisch betreibbaren Wärmepumpeinrichtung gehören, einen dem Kühler vorgeschalteten zusätzlichen Wärmetauscher zur Abkühlung des von dem Waschgut abgeführten Luftstroms und eine dem Heizer nachgeschaltete zusätzliche Heizeinrichtung zum weiteren Erwärmen des Luftstroms vor dem Beaufschlagen des Waschguts.One from one in the data collection " Patent Abstracts of Japan "to JP 08 057 194 A proper English Kurzauszug resulting device for drying laundry, which in turn corresponds to the type described input contains in its first channel system in addition to a heater and a radiator, which both belong to a thermoelectrically operable heat pump means, a cooler upstream of the additional heat exchanger for cooling the of the Laundry goods discharged air flow and a heater downstream additional heating device for further heating of the air flow before applying the laundry.

Je nach der Anzahl der Peltierelemente in einer Reihenanordnung und den Betriebswerten der Peltierelemente, d. h. je nach Herstellertyp der Peltierelemente, müssen die Reihenanordnungen mit Gleichspannungen verschiedener Größenordnungen beaufschlagt werden, um einen Arbeitspunkt einzunehmen, der für den Betrieb des Peltiermoduls im Rahmen einer Peltier-Wärmepumpe für einen Wäschetrockner geeignet ist.Depending on the number of Peltier elements in a series arrangement and the operating values of the Peltier elements, d. H. Depending on the manufacturer of the Peltier elements, the series arrangements must be subjected to DC voltages of different magnitudes to occupy an operating point which is suitable for the operation of the Peltier module in the context of a Peltier heat pump for a tumble dryer.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Frage der Spannungsversorgung für ein Peltiermodul in einfacher Weise zu lösen.It is an object of the invention to solve the question of the power supply for a Peltier module in a simple manner.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale nach Patentanspruch 1.The object is solved by the features according to claim 1.

Die Gleichspannung wird durch Gleichrichtung der Netzspannung, insbesondere von 230 Volt Wechselstrom, in einem Netzgleichrichter, der einen herkömmlichen Aufbau eines Gleichrichters hat, erzeugt. Die Anzahl der Peltierelemente und der Herstellertyp der Peltierelemente sind so ausgewählt, dass sie an diese gleichgerichtete Netzspannung optimiert angepasst sind. Mit anderen Worten sind die Anzahl der Peltierelemente und der Herstellertyp so ausgewählt, dass die Peltierelemente der Reihenanordnung durch Beaufschlagung der Reihenanordung mit der gleichgerichteten Netzspannung in einem Arbeitspunkt betrieben werden, der für die Verwendung des Peltiermoduls in einer Peltier-Wärmepumpe zumindest geeignet ist und bevorzugt optimiert ist.The DC voltage is generated by rectifying the mains voltage, in particular 230 volts AC, in a mains rectifier having a conventional rectifier design. The number of Peltier elements and the manufacturer of the Peltier elements are selected so that they are adapted to this rectified mains voltage optimized. In other words, the number of Peltier elements and the manufacturer type are selected such that the Peltier elements of the series arrangement are operated by applying the rectified mains voltage to the series arrangement at an operating point which is suitable for the Use of the Peltier module in a Peltier heat pump is at least suitable and is preferably optimized.

Durch die Erfindung wird es möglich, das Peltiermodul mittelbar mit Netzspannung zu betreiben. Insbesondere im Rahmen eines Wäschetrockners, der an die Netzspannung angeschlossen wird, stellt dies eine besonders einfache Art der Bereitstellung einer Gleichspannung dar.The invention makes it possible to operate the Peltier module indirectly with mains voltage. In particular, in the context of a tumble dryer, which is connected to the mains voltage, this represents a particularly simple way of providing a DC voltage.

Bevorzugt ist ein Umschalter mit zwei Stellungen vorgesehen, bei dessen erster Stellung die gleichgerichtete Netzspannung des Peltiermodul beaufschlagt, und bei dessen zweiter Stellung die gleichgerichtete Netzspannung nicht das Peltiermodul beaufschlagt, sondern das Peltiermodul mit einem anderen Verbraucher verbunden ist.Preferably, a switch is provided with two positions, at its first position, the rectified mains voltage of the Peltier module acted upon, and at its second position, the rectified mains voltage is not applied to the Peltier module, but the Peltier module is connected to another consumer.

Der Umschalter trägt der Tatsache Rechnung, dass ein anderer Verbraucher im Wäschetrockner eine elektrische Spannung nutzen kann, welche aufgrund des Seeback-Effektes entsteht, wenn das Peltiermodul ohne Anschluss einer externen elektrischen Spannung einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem zugeordneten Heizer und dem zugeordneten Kühler ausgesetzt ist. Ein bevorzugtes Beispiel hierfür ist die Innenraumbeleuchtung des Wäschetrockners: Wird der Wäschetrockner geöffnet, so wird zuvor die Peltier-Wärmepumpe ohnehin ausgeschaltet. Innenraumbeleuchtung und Peltiermodul stehen somit nicht in Konkurrenz miteinander, sondern werden abwechselnd betrieben. Der Umschalter kann von einer Ansteuereinheit angesteuert sein. Diese kann beispielsweise an die Hauptsteuerung des Wäschetrockners angeschlossen sein, so dass sie z. B. erfasst, ob der Wäschetrockner geöffnet wird oder nicht, um die genannte Umschaltung zur Innenraumbeleuchtung vornehmen zu können. Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das von seiner versorgenden Gleichspannung getrennte Peltiermodul als Sensor benutzt: Aus der von ihm selbst erzeugten Spannung (wie vorstehend erläutert) ist eine Temperaturdifferenz zwischen heizender und kühlender Komponente des Peltiermoduls bestimmbar, und aus dem elektrischen Widerstand des Peltiermoduls ergibt sich seine eigene Betriebstemperatur. Das Peltiermodul wird entsprechend in mehrerlei Hinsicht als Temperatursensor benutzt, wobei zum Zwecke der Erfassung entsprechender Messgrößen geeignete Verbindungen zur Ansteuereinheit vorgesehen sind. Die Ansteuereinheit kann dabei zumindest optional in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur den Umschalter steuern und somit periodisch wiederholend entsprechende Messungen durchführen. Dadurch wird es möglich, eine Regelung einzuführen, im Rahmen derer das Peltiermodul ausgeschaltet wird, wenn die Temperatur einen kritischen Bereich verlässt. Die Regeltemperatur ist abhängig von den Temperatursensordaten und der Dimensionierung des Ansteuerkreises.The switch takes account of the fact that another consumer in the tumble dryer can use an electrical voltage that arises due to the sea-bake effect when the Peltier module is exposed to a temperature difference between the associated heater and the associated cooler without connection of an external electrical voltage. A preferred example of this is the interior lighting of the tumble dryer: If the tumble dryer is opened, the Peltier heat pump is switched off in any case beforehand. Interior lighting and Peltier module are thus not in competition with each other, but are operated alternately. The switch can be controlled by a drive unit. This may for example be connected to the main controller of the tumble dryer, so that they z. B. detects whether the dryer is opened or not to make the said switchover to the interior lighting can. According to a further preferred embodiment, the Peltier module, which is separate from its supplying DC voltage, is used as a sensor: From the voltage generated by itself (as explained above), a temperature difference between the heating and cooling component of the Peltier module can be determined and the electrical resistance of the Peltier module results its own operating temperature. The Peltier module is used accordingly in several respects as a temperature sensor, with suitable connections to the drive unit being provided for the purpose of detecting corresponding measured variables. The control unit can control the switch at least optionally as a function of the temperature and thus repeating periodically make appropriate measurements. This makes it possible to introduce a control in which the Peltier module is turned off when the temperature leaves a critical area. The control temperature depends on the temperature sensor data and the dimensioning of the control circuit.

Es ist nicht notwendig, dass die Ansteuereinheit den genannten Umschalter ansteuert, um die Temperatur zu regeln. Stattdessen kann auch ein Schalter angesteuert werden, der die gesamte Spannungszufuhr unterbrechen kann, weil er beispielsweise auf der Wechselstromseite des Netzgleichrichters angeordnet ist und die Wechselstromzufuhr unterbrechen kann. Dies trägt dann der Tatsache Rechnung, dass die anderen Verbraucher während der Temperaturregelung des Peltiermoduls nicht zwischenzeitlich die Spannung benötigen, so dass der Gleichrichter im Rahmen der Regelung komplett ausgeschaltet werden kann.It is not necessary that the drive unit controls the said switch to regulate the temperature. Instead, a switch can be controlled, which can interrupt the entire voltage supply, for example because it is located on the AC side of the power rectifier and can interrupt the AC power supply. This then takes into account the fact that the other consumers do not need the voltage during the temperature control of the Peltier module in the meantime, so that the rectifier can be completely turned off in the context of the scheme.

Die Temperatursteuerung der genannten Art dient der Regelung der Temperatur in einem bestimmten Bereich. Zusätzlich kann ein Übertemperaturschutz vorgesehen sein. Dieser kann wesentlich direkter ausgestaltet sein als es über den Zwischenweg eines besonderen Temperatursensors erfolgt. Direkt thermisch an das Peltiermodul kann ein Thermoschalter angekoppelt sein. Überschreitet das Peltiermodul (an der Ankoppelstelle) eine bestimmte Temperatur, so schaltet der Thermoschalter. Zwar kann der Thermoschalter auf der Gleichstromseite angeordnet sein, bevorzugt ist er jedoch auf der Wechselstromzufuhrseite zu dem Netzgleichrichter angeordnet, so dass er im Übertemperaturfall die Wechselstromzufuhr gänzlich unterbricht.The temperature control of the type mentioned serves to regulate the temperature in a certain range. In addition, an over-temperature protection can be provided. This can be made much more direct than it takes place via the intermediate path of a special temperature sensor. Direct thermally to the Peltier module, a thermal switch can be coupled. If the Peltier module (at the coupling point) exceeds a certain temperature, the thermal switch switches. Although the thermal switch may be disposed on the DC side, it is preferable that it is disposed on the AC supply side to the power rectifier, so that it interrupts the AC power supply completely in the case of overheating.

Um die gleichgerichtete Spannung des Netzgleichrichters zu stabilisieren, kann dem Netzgleichrichter auf der Gleichstromseite ein Pufferkondensator nachgeordnet sein. Bevorzugt ist der Ladestrom auf dem Pufferkondensator durch einen Ladestrombegrenzer (beispielsweise vom NTC-Typ) begrenzt. Die entsprechende Verschaltüng ergibt sich in logischer Weise derart, dass der Pufferkondensator parallel zu zwei Ausgängen des Netzgleichrichters geschaltet ist, und dass der Ladestrombegrenzer im Strompfad zwischen einem Anschluss des Netzgleichrichters und einem Anschluss des Pufferkondensators angeordnet ist.In order to stabilize the rectified voltage of the mains rectifier, the power rectifier on the DC side, a buffer capacitor may be arranged downstream. The charging current on the buffer capacitor is preferably limited by a charging current limiter (for example of the NTC type). The corresponding interconnection results in a logical manner such that the buffer capacitor is connected in parallel with two outputs of the mains rectifier, and that the charging current limiter is arranged in the current path between a terminal of the mains rectifier and a terminal of the buffer capacitor.

Da die Schaltungsanordnung in einem elektrischen Gerät (Wäschetrockner) zur Benutzung durch einen beliebigen Endverbraucher vertrieben werden soll und dieses Gerät entsprechenden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen unterliegt, soll zur Erfüllung dieser Bestimmungen hinsichtlich einer möglichen Netzrückwirkung einer Drossel auf der Wechselstromseite, des Netzgleichrichters angeordnet sein, welche der Power-Faktorkorrektur dient (PFC-Drossel).Since the circuitry in an electrical device (dryer) for use by any end user to be distributed and this device is subject to appropriate statutory provisions should be arranged to meet these provisions regarding a possible network feedback of a choke on the AC side of the power rectifier, which of the power Factor correction (PFC throttle).

Es wird nachfolgend eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung beschrieben, wobei die FIG. den Schaltplan der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung veranschaulicht.Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing, wherein FIG. illustrates the circuit diagram of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.

In der FIG. ist schematisch ein Peltiermodul 1 veranschaulicht, welches zur Verwendung in einer Peltier-Wärmepumpe für einen Wäschetrockner dienen soll. Das Peltiermodul umfasst in Reihen geschaltete Peltierelemente 2, wobei hier zwar zwölf Peltierelemete gezeigt sind, das Peltiermodul aber nicht auf die Zahl zwölf festgelegt sein muss. Im Gegenteil: Die Anzahl der Peltierelemente und die Betriebswerte der Peltierelemente (d. h. der Herstellertyp der Peltierelemente) sind gemeinsam so ausgelegt, dass die Reihenanordnung der Peltierelemente mit einer Spannung betrieben werden kann, die sich bei Gleichrichtung der Netzspannung ergibt. Es ist auch ein Peltiermodul mit mehr als einer hier gezeigten Reihenanordnung denkbar, wobei die einzelnen Reihenanordnungen üblicherweise parallel zueinander angeordnet werden.In FIG. schematically illustrates a Peltier module 1, which is to serve for use in a Peltier heat pump for a tumble dryer. The Peltier module comprises Peltier elements 2 connected in series, although twelve Peltier elements are shown here, but the Peltier module need not be fixed to the number twelve. On the contrary, the number of Peltier elements and the operating values of the Peltier elements (i.e., the manufacturer type of Peltier elements) are jointly designed so that the Peltier element array can be operated with a voltage that results when the line voltage is rectified. It is also a Peltier module with more than one series arrangement shown here conceivable, wherein the individual row arrangements are usually arranged parallel to each other.

Zur Erzeugung der gleichgerichteten Netzspannung wird zunächst die Netzspannung von 230 Volt Wechselstrom (230 Vac) bereitgestellt, wobei hier schematisch die Anschlüsse L und N gezeigt sind. Die Wechselspannung wird von einem Netzgleichrichter 3 gleichgerichtet, der einen herkömmlichen Aufbau eines Gleichrichters hat. Zur Stabilisierung der gleichgerichteten Spannung ist ein Pufferkondensator 4 vorgesehen, der parallel zu den gleichstromseitigen Anschlüssen des Netzgleichrichters 3 geschaltet ist. Im Schaltweg von dem einen Anschluss des Netzgleichrichters 3 zu dem einen Anschluss des Pufferkondensators 4 befindet sich ein Ladebegrenzer 5 (NTC-Widerstand, d. h. ein Widerstand mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizienten).To generate the rectified mains voltage, the mains voltage of 230 volts AC (230 Vac) is initially provided, wherein here the connections L and N are shown schematically. The AC voltage is rectified by a mains rectifier 3, which has a conventional construction of a rectifier. To stabilize the rectified voltage, a buffer capacitor 4 is provided, which is connected in parallel with the DC-side terminals of the mains rectifier 3. In the switching path from the one terminal of the mains rectifier 3 to the one terminal of the buffer capacitor 4, there is a charge limiter 5 (NTC resistor, i.e., a negative temperature coefficient resistor).

Thermisch an das Peltiermodul 1 angekoppelt ist ein Thermoschalter 6. Bei einer Übertemperatur des Peltiermoduls 1 schaltet der Thermoschalter 6 auf der Wechselstromseite des Netzgleichrichters 3, unterbricht die Wechselspannungszufuhr und schaltet somit das Peltiermodul 1 aus.Thermally coupled to the Peltier module 1 is a thermal switch 6. At an excess temperature of the Peltier module 1, the thermal switch 6 switches on the AC side of the power rectifier 3, cuts off the AC power supply and thus turns off the Peltier module 1.

Die Temperaturregelung kann auch etwas genauer gestaltet sein. Hierfür ist auf dem Peltiermodul 1 an einer vordefinierten Stelle ein Temperatursensor 7 vorgesehen. Dieser führt elektronische Messwerte einer Relaisansteuereinheit (Relaisansteuerkreis) 11 zu. Über den Relaisansteuerkreis 11 kann ebenfalls ein wechselstromseitiger Schalter 9 betätigt werden, d. h. das gesamte Peltiermodul 1 ausgeschaltet werden. Der Relaisansteuerkreis 11 hat als weiteren Eingang ein Gleichspannungssignal von der Hauptsteuerung des Wäschetrockners. Das Peltiermodul 1 ist daher auch über die Hauptsteuerung mittelbar mittels des Relaisansteuerkreises 11 und des Schalters 9 ausschaltbar.The temperature control can also be designed somewhat more precisely. For this purpose, a temperature sensor 7 is provided on the Peltier module 1 at a predefined location. This supplies electronic measured values to a relay drive unit (relay drive circuit) 11. About the Relaisansteuerkreis 11 can also be a AC-side switch 9 are actuated, d. H. the entire Peltier module 1 are turned off. The Relaisansteuerkreis 11 has as a further input a DC voltage signal from the main controller of the tumble dryer. The Peltier module 1 can therefore also be switched off indirectly via the main control by means of the relay drive circuit 11 and the switch 9.

Zusätzlich ist ein Umschalter 10 (Relais) vorgesehen. Mit Hilfe des Umschalters 10 kann ebenfalls die gleichgerichtete Netzspannung von dem Peltiermodul 1 getrennt und das Peltiermodul 1 an eine Innenraumbeleuchtung 12 des Wäschetrockners geschaltet werden. Für die Innenraumbeleuchtung 12 sind hier schematisch vier Leuchtdioden und ein zusätzlicher, zu den Leuchtdioden in Reihe geschalteter Widerstand veranschaulicht. An Stelle der Innenraumbeleuchtung 12 kann der Umschalter 10 auch eine Umschaltung zu anderen Verbrauchern, wie etwa weiteren Sensoren, Messeinrichtungen, Steuerungen, Anzeigeelementen etc. bewirken; solche Messeinrichtungen sind dabei zweckmäßig in die Hauptsteuerung 11 des Wäschetrockners integriert..In addition, a switch 10 (relay) is provided. With the help of the switch 10, the rectified mains voltage can also be separated from the Peltier module 1 and the Peltier module 1 can be switched to an interior lighting 12 of the tumble dryer. For the interior lighting 12, four light-emitting diodes and an additional resistor connected in series to the light-emitting diodes are illustrated schematically here. Instead of the interior lighting 12, the change-over switch 10 can also bring about a switchover to other consumers, such as further sensors, measuring devices, controls, display elements, etc .; Such measuring devices are expediently integrated into the main controller 11 of the tumble dryer.

Der Umschalter 10 wird ebenfalls über den Relaisansteuerkreis 11 angesteuert, kann also gegebenenfalls in Abhängigkeit von der vom Temperatursensor 7 gemessenen Temperatur geregelt werden. Durch Umschalten wird das Peltiermodul 1 von der Gleichspannung abgetrennt, wodurch sich die Temperatur wieder erniedrigt. Sinkt die vom Temperatursensor 7 gemessene Temperatur unter einen bestimmten Grenzwert, wird die Ansteuereinheit 11 wieder aktiv und schaltet den Schalter 10 abermals um, so dass das Peltiermodul 1 wieder an die gleichgerichtete Netzspannung angeschlossen wird.The changeover switch 10 is also controlled via the Relaisansteuerkreis 11, so it can be optionally regulated depending on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7. By switching the Peltier module 1 is separated from the DC voltage, whereby the temperature is lowered again. If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 drops below a certain limit value, the drive unit 11 becomes active again and switches the switch 10 again, so that the Peltier module 1 is again connected to the rectified mains voltage.

Zur Erfüllung gesetzlicher Vorschriften betreffend die Netzrückwirkung der Schaltungsanordnung ist eine Drossel 8 zur Power-Faktor-Korrektur (Power-Factor-Correction, PFC) dem Gleichrichter 3 vorgeschaltet.To meet legal requirements regarding the network feedback of the circuit arrangement, a throttle 8 for power factor correction (Power Factor Correction, PFC) is connected upstream of the rectifier 3.

Das Peltiermodul 1 hat Betriebswerte, die durch geeignete Wahl der Anzahl der.einzelnen Peltierelemente 2 und durch geeignete Auswahl derer Typus dahingehend optimiert sind, dass es mit einer gleichgerichteten Netzspannung betrieben werden kann. Mit anderen Worten ist der Arbeitspunkt bei Bereitstellung der gleichgerichteten Netzspannung zum Betrieb des Peltiermoduls 1 für die Verwendung im Rahmen einer Peltier-Wärmepumpe optimiert. Zur optionalen Versorgung anderer Verbraucher, zum Beispiel einer Innenbeleuchtung 12, kann der Umschalter 10 vorgesehen sein, welcher Umschalter 10 die in dem Peltiermodul 1 durch den Seebeck-Effekt hervorrufbare Spannung somit für andere Verbraucher nutzbar bereitstellt. Es gibt vermittels des Schalters 6 einen Übertemperaturschutz. Mit Hilfe des Temperatursensors 7 und der Schalter 9 bzw. 10, die von der Ansteuereinheit 11 angesteuert werden, ist eine Selbsttemperaturregelung ermöglicht.The Peltier module 1 has operating values which are optimized by suitable choice of the number of individual Peltier elements 2 and by suitable selection of this type in such a way that it can be operated with a rectified mains voltage. In other words, the operating point is optimized for the operation of the Peltier module 1 for use in the context of a Peltier heat pump in providing the rectified mains voltage. For optional supply of other consumers, such as an interior light 12, the switch 10 may be provided, which switch 10 thus provides the voltage in the Peltier module 1 caused by the Seebeck effect usable voltage for other consumers. There is an over-temperature protection by means of the switch 6. With the help of the temperature sensor 7 and the switches 9 and 10, which are controlled by the drive unit 11, a self-temperature control is possible.

Claims (8)

  1. Laundry drier comprising a Peltier heat pump with a Peltier module (1), which comprises at least one serial arrangement of Peltier elements (2), wherein each serial arrangement can be acted on by a direct voltage, and a circuit arrangement for operating the Peltier module (1),
    characterised in that:
    - the direct voltage is produced in a mains rectifier (3), which has the conventional construction of a rectifier, by rectification of a mains voltage, particularly of a 230 V alternating current, with which the laundry drier is connected, and
    - the number of Peltier elements (2) and the manufacturer type of the Peltier elements (2) are so selected that the Peltier elements (2) of the serial arrangement are operated, by action of the rectified mains voltage on the serial arrangement, at a working point suitable for use of the Peltier module (1) in a Peltier heat pump.
  2. Laundry drier according to claim 1, characterised in that a changeover switch (10) with two settings is provided, in the first setting of which the rectified mains voltage acts on the Peltier module (1) and in the second setting of which the rectified mains voltage does not act on the Peltiermodule (1), but the Peltier module (1) is connected with a different load (12).
  3. Laundry drier according to claim 2, characterised in that a temperature sensor (7) detects the temperature at the Peltier module (1) and supplies a corresponding electronic measurement value to a drive control unit (11), which controls the changeover switch (10) at least optionally in dependence on the electrical measurement value.
  4. Laundry drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a temperature sensor (7) detects the temperature at the Peltier module (1) and supplies a corresponding electronic measurement value to a drive control unit (11), which controls a switch (9) able to interrupt the entire voltage supply.
  5. Laundry drier according to claim 4, characterised in that the switch (9) is arranged on an alternating current side of the mains rectifier (3) and can interrupt the alternating current supply.
  6. Laundry drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a thermoswitch (6) is thermally coupled to the Peltier module (1) and interrupts the alternating current supply to the mains rectifier (3) if a defined temperature of the Peltier module (1) is exceeded.
  7. Laundry drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that for stabilisation of the rectified voltage a buffer capacitor (4) is arranged downstream of the mains rectifier (3) on a direct current side, wherein the charging current of the buffer capacitor (4) is limited by a charging current limiter (5).
  8. Laundry drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a choke (8) for power factor correction is connected upstream of the mains rectifier (3) on an alternating current side.
EP06819741.7A 2005-12-15 2006-11-24 Washer-dryer including a peltier heat-pump Not-in-force EP1963561B1 (en)

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DE102005060041A DE102005060041A1 (en) 2005-12-15 2005-12-15 Circuit arrangement for a Peltier module
PCT/EP2006/068874 WO2007068565A1 (en) 2005-12-15 2006-11-24 Circuit arrangement for a peltier module

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US20090049844A1 (en) 2009-02-26
DE102005060041A1 (en) 2007-06-21
WO2007068565A1 (en) 2007-06-21
KR20080081921A (en) 2008-09-10
KR101306376B1 (en) 2013-09-09

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