EP1957883A1 - Improved heat exchanger - Google Patents

Improved heat exchanger

Info

Publication number
EP1957883A1
EP1957883A1 EP06832335A EP06832335A EP1957883A1 EP 1957883 A1 EP1957883 A1 EP 1957883A1 EP 06832335 A EP06832335 A EP 06832335A EP 06832335 A EP06832335 A EP 06832335A EP 1957883 A1 EP1957883 A1 EP 1957883A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
cap
duct
exchanger according
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06832335A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1957883B1 (en
Inventor
Luciano Tesolin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mfsrl
Original Assignee
Mfsrl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mfsrl filed Critical Mfsrl
Priority to PL06832335T priority Critical patent/PL1957883T3/en
Publication of EP1957883A1 publication Critical patent/EP1957883A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1957883B1 publication Critical patent/EP1957883B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved heat exchanger. More specifically, the invention concerns a boiler particularly comprising a cap - manifold assembly for permitting limiting the use of high temperature insulating elements and gaskets, thus permitting remarkable savings.
  • boilers used for heating or for sanitaria water production are provided with heat exchangers.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore that of suggesting a heat exchanger with a cap - manifold assembly, permitting thermally insulating burner and combustion chamber, thus avoiding the use of refractory insulating materials, and reducing the final costs.
  • an improved heat exchanger comprising a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, between which a heat exchanger is provided, comprised of a spiral duct through which water to be heated passes; said heat exchanger individuating a combustion chamber within which a burner is provided, said burner being supplied by an air-gas mixture; and upper cap placed so as to be in touch with at least the last upper turn of the heat exchanger duct, and a lower cap, placed distanced from the last lower turn of the heat exchanger duct, so as to create a gap for passage of gas and discharging condensate; said heat exchanger being characterised in that it comprises a manifold element having such a surface to innerly occupy the upper surface of said combustion chamber, an concave shape and placed above said upper cap, with the upper surface of which it realises a cavity within which an air - gas mixture is collected before being conveyed within said burner.
  • said upper cap can have a substantially flat upper surface.
  • said manifold element can be comprised of metal, preferably aluminium, or of plastic material.
  • said cap can be coupled with said manifold element.
  • coupling each other of said cap and said manifold element can be adjusted by rotation.
  • said heat exchanger can comprise a metallic disk, shaped to be inserted by screwing within the space of a heat exchanger duct turn, above said heat exchanger being provided an insulating refractory element, with temperature of about
  • said disk can be comprised of steel.
  • duct of said heat exchanger can comprise an annular slot on each end, permitting the coupling with said inlet and outlet ducts without any welding.
  • said heat exchanger can comprise a cylindrical element between said upper cap and said lower cap.
  • said heat exchanger can comprise a plurality of tie rods, each provided with means for fixing at their ends with sand upper cap and with said lower cap.
  • said upper cap with gas manifold and said lower cap with discharge collector can be respectively realised integrally each other, or separated.
  • figure 1 shows a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the present invention
  • figure 2 shows a section of boiler according to figure 1 ;
  • figure 3 shows a section of a lower cap;
  • figure 4 shows a view of an end of the duct of a heat exchanger
  • figure 5 shows the section of the lower closure portion of the combustion chamber.
  • Said heat exchanger 1 provides a combustion chamber 2, within which spiral shaped duct 3' for water to be heated within the heat exchanger 3 is introduced.
  • Said heat exchanger 3 confers a substantially cylindrical shape to the combustion chamber.
  • Heat exchanger 3 has a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, respectively indicated by reference number 4' and 4".
  • Burner 5 is provided substantially along the vertical axis of said combustion chamber 2, close to said burner 5 being provided the ignition spark plug 6 for ignition of the same burner 5.
  • a heat exchanger 3 cap - manifold 7 assembly is provided above said burner 5.
  • Heat exchanger 1 also provided on its base a lower cap 8, while a containment wall is provided laterally.
  • Said cap - manifold assemblyiand said lower cap 8, coupled by adjustable tie rods 10 acting on their edged, are provided, respectively, at the base of said cylindrical element 9.
  • This assembling mode is particularly efficient and cheap, also permitting maintaining the heat exchanger duct 3' spiral compressed.
  • Cap - manifold 7 assembly is comprised of two parts: cap T and manifold element 7". ;
  • Cap T is comprised of metal, preferably aluminium, or any other heat conducting material. It has a substantially flat surface and it is preferably in contact with the last turn of heat exchanger 3 duct 3'.
  • Manifold element 7" is preferably comprised of aluminium or plastic material. It is provided above said cap T and has such a dimension to preferably cover the whole cap T surface.
  • Said collector 7" has a concave shape and is coupled with said cap T 1 realising along with the same a cavity 11. Said cavity permits a first thermal insulation from heat irradiated from cap T and burner 5. then, air - gas mixture enters within said cavity 11 for supplying burner 5. said mixture has a temperature much lower than the temperature inside the combustion chamber. Thus, cavity 11 realised by cap T and manifold 7", at the same times cools said cap 7' and makes a thermal insulation.
  • this arrangement permits use of standard sealing gaskets, preventing the need of using refractory materials.
  • Both cap T and lower cap 8 are shaped so as to have an outlet structure for the spiral end from housing comprised of the two caps and the cylindrical element 9. It must be taken into consideration that in the art usually the ends of heat exchanger 3 duct 3' exit through the cylindrical element 9, thus creating problems for sealing and weldings.
  • FIG 3 shows heat exchanger 3 that in the embodiment shown is a spiral exchanger.
  • Heat exchanger 3 duct 3' has annular slots 12 (see figure 4) on its ends, permitting the coupling without the need of weldings, only by a joint with gaskets (not shown in the figures).
  • Lower cap 8 is preferably comprised of plastics, aluminium or other metal.
  • Heat exchanger 1 has under said cap 8 a discharge manifold 13 that can be comprised of plastics, aluminium or other metal.
  • figure 5 shows a section of lower closure of combustion chamber 3, wherein a steel disk 14 is placed, having such a shape to be inserted between gaps of a heat exchanger 3 tube turn, above which a heat insulating refractory 15 is provided.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is the fact of permitting an easy, convenient and modular assembling.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an improved heat exchanger comprising a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, between which a heat exchanger is provided, comprised of a spiral duct through which water to be heated passes; said heat exchanger individuating a combustion chamber within which a burner is provided, said burner being supplied by an air-gas mixture; and upper cap placed so as to be in touch with at least the last upper turn of the heat exchanger duct, and a lower cap, placed distanced from the last lower turn of the heat exchanger duct, so as to create a gap for passage of gas and discharging condensate; said heat exchanger being characterised in that it comprises a manifold element having such a surface to innerly occupy the upper surface of said combustion chamber, an concave shape and placed above said upper cap, with the upper surface of which it realises a cavity within which an air - gas mixture is collected before being conveyed within said burner.

Description

IMPROVED HEAT EXCHANGER
The present invention relates to an improved heat exchanger. More specifically, the invention concerns a boiler particularly comprising a cap - manifold assembly for permitting limiting the use of high temperature insulating elements and gaskets, thus permitting remarkable savings.
As it is well known, boilers used for heating or for sanitaria water production are provided with heat exchangers.
At present, many heat exchangers exist permitting obtaining high efficiency. For example, it is known in the art the spiral heat exchanger described in the Italian patent application n0 RM2001A000474, filed by the same Applicant, characterised by an inner combustion gas path through spaces among spire and tubes within which water flows.
A technical problem of prior art boilers is that known heat exchangers must be suitably thermally insulated inside. In fact, difference between Inner temperature close to the burner and outside temperature is very high. Therefore, it is unavoidable the presence of insulating elements between combustion chamber and upper cap. Said high temperature insulating elements, as well as gaskets, are comprised of very expensive refractory material that are difficult to use.
Moreover, water collector passes through the cylindrical wall. This generates further technical problems for gaskets and weldings.
Object of the present invention is therefore that of suggesting a heat exchanger with a cap - manifold assembly, permitting thermally insulating burner and combustion chamber, thus avoiding the use of refractory insulating materials, and reducing the final costs.
It is therefore specific object of the present invention an improved heat exchanger comprising a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, between which a heat exchanger is provided, comprised of a spiral duct through which water to be heated passes; said heat exchanger individuating a combustion chamber within which a burner is provided, said burner being supplied by an air-gas mixture; and upper cap placed so as to be in touch with at least the last upper turn of the heat exchanger duct, and a lower cap, placed distanced from the last lower turn of the heat exchanger duct, so as to create a gap for passage of gas and discharging condensate; said heat exchanger being characterised in that it comprises a manifold element having such a surface to innerly occupy the upper surface of said combustion chamber, an concave shape and placed above said upper cap, with the upper surface of which it realises a cavity within which an air - gas mixture is collected before being conveyed within said burner.
Always according to the invention, said upper cap can have a substantially flat upper surface.
Still according to the invention, said manifold element can be comprised of metal, preferably aluminium, or of plastic material.
Further, according to the invention, said cap can be coupled with said manifold element.
Preferably, according to the invention, coupling each other of said cap and said manifold element can be adjusted by rotation.
Still according to the invention, said heat exchanger can comprise a metallic disk, shaped to be inserted by screwing within the space of a heat exchanger duct turn, above said heat exchanger being provided an insulating refractory element, with temperature of about
20000C.
Furthermore, according to the invention, said disk can be comprised of steel.
Preferably, according to the invention, duct of said heat exchanger can comprise an annular slot on each end, permitting the coupling with said inlet and outlet ducts without any welding.
Always according to the invention, said heat exchanger can comprise a cylindrical element between said upper cap and said lower cap.
Still according to the invention, said heat exchanger can comprise a plurality of tie rods, each provided with means for fixing at their ends with sand upper cap and with said lower cap.
Always according to the invention, said upper cap with gas manifold and said lower cap with discharge collector can be respectively realised integrally each other, or separated.
The present invention will be now described, for illustrative but not limitative purposes, according to its preferred embodiments, with particular reference to the figures of the enclosed drawings, wherein:
figure 1 shows a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the present invention;
figure 2 shows a section of boiler according to figure 1 ; figure 3 shows a section of a lower cap;
figure 4 shows a view of an end of the duct of a heat exchanger; and
figure 5 shows the section of the lower closure portion of the combustion chamber.
Making reference to figures 1 and 2, it is possible observing a heat exchanger 1 according to the present invention.
Said heat exchanger 1 provides a combustion chamber 2, within which spiral shaped duct 3' for water to be heated within the heat exchanger 3 is introduced. <
Said heat exchanger 3 confers a substantially cylindrical shape to the combustion chamber.
Heat exchanger 3 has a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, respectively indicated by reference number 4' and 4".
Burner 5 is provided substantially along the vertical axis of said combustion chamber 2, close to said burner 5 being provided the ignition spark plug 6 for ignition of the same burner 5.
A heat exchanger 3 cap - manifold 7 assembly is provided above said burner 5.
Heat exchanger 1 also provided on its base a lower cap 8, while a containment wall is provided laterally.
Said cap - manifold assemblyiand said lower cap 8, coupled by adjustable tie rods 10 acting on their edged, are provided, respectively, at the base of said cylindrical element 9. This assembling mode is particularly efficient and cheap, also permitting maintaining the heat exchanger duct 3' spiral compressed.
Cap - manifold 7 assembly is comprised of two parts: cap T and manifold element 7". ;
Cap T is comprised of metal, preferably aluminium, or any other heat conducting material. It has a substantially flat surface and it is preferably in contact with the last turn of heat exchanger 3 duct 3'.
Manifold element 7" is preferably comprised of aluminium or plastic material. It is provided above said cap T and has such a dimension to preferably cover the whole cap T surface.
Said collector 7" has a concave shape and is coupled with said cap T1 realising along with the same a cavity 11. Said cavity permits a first thermal insulation from heat irradiated from cap T and burner 5. then, air - gas mixture enters within said cavity 11 for supplying burner 5. said mixture has a temperature much lower than the temperature inside the combustion chamber. Thus, cavity 11 realised by cap T and manifold 7", at the same times cools said cap 7' and makes a thermal insulation.
As already said, this arrangement permits use of standard sealing gaskets, preventing the need of using refractory materials.
Both cap T and lower cap 8 are shaped so as to have an outlet structure for the spiral end from housing comprised of the two caps and the cylindrical element 9. It must be taken into consideration that in the art usually the ends of heat exchanger 3 duct 3' exit through the cylindrical element 9, thus creating problems for sealing and weldings.
Instead, by the exit through the caps it is possible obtaining a safe sealing without weldings.
The above permits eliminating problems due to the exit of said heat exchanger 3 duct 3' ends, particularly with respect to the installation of heat exchanger 1. In fact, coupling of caps T and 8 is such to permit their rotation. Thus, position of the duct 3' spiral ends can be conveniently varied.
Figure 3 shows heat exchanger 3 that in the embodiment shown is a spiral exchanger. Heat exchanger 3 duct 3' has annular slots 12 (see figure 4) on its ends, permitting the coupling without the need of weldings, only by a joint with gaskets (not shown in the figures).
Lower cap 8 is preferably comprised of plastics, aluminium or other metal. Heat exchanger 1 has under said cap 8 a discharge manifold 13 that can be comprised of plastics, aluminium or other metal.
Finally, figure 5 shows a section of lower closure of combustion chamber 3, wherein a steel disk 14 is placed, having such a shape to be inserted between gaps of a heat exchanger 3 tube turn, above which a heat insulating refractory 15 is provided.
On the basis of the previous specification it can be observed that basic advantage of the present invention is that of limiting the use of refractory insulating materials for insulation of heat irradiated from the boiler burner.
A further advantage of the present invention is the fact of permitting an easy, convenient and modular assembling.
The present invention has been described for illustrative but not limitative purposes, according to its preferred embodiments, but it is to be understood that modifications and/or changes can be introduced by those skilled in the art without departing from the relevant scope as defined in the enclosed claims.

Claims

1. Improved heat exchanger comprising a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, between which a heat exchanger is provided, comprised of a spiral duct through which water to be heated passes; said heat exchanger individuating a combustion chamber within which a burner is provided, said burner being supplied by an air-gas mixture; and upper cap placed so as to be in touch with at least the last upper turn of the heat exchanger duct, and a lower cap, placed distanced from the last lower turn of the heat exchanger duct, so as to create a gap for passage of gas and discharging condensate; said heat exchanger being characterised in that it comprises a manifold element having such a surface to innerly occupy the upper surface of said combustion chamber, an concave shape and placed above said upper cap, with the upper surface of which it realises a cavity within which an air - gas mixture is collected before being conveyed within said burner.
2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 , characterised in that said upper cap has a substantially flat upper surface.
3. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said manifold element is comprised of metal, preferably aluminium.
4. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said manifold element is comprised of plastic material.
5. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said cap is coupled with said manifold element.
6. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that coupling each other of said cap and said manifold element is adjusted by rotation.
7. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said heat exchanger comprises a metallic disk, shaped to be inserted by screwing within the space of a heat exchanger duct turn, above said heat exchanger being provided an insulating refractory element, with temperature of about 20000C.
8. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 , characterised in that said disk is comprised of steel.
9. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that duct of said heat exchanger comprises an annular slot on each end, permitting the coupling with said inlet and outlet ducts without any welding.
10. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said heat exchanger comprises a cylindrical element between said upper cap and said lower cap.
11. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said heat exchanger comprises a plurality of tie rods, each provided with means for fixing at their ends with sand upper cap and with said lower cap.
12. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said upper cap with gas manifold and said lower cap with discharge collector are respectively realised integrally each other.
13. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said upper cap with gas manifold and said lower cap with discharge collector are realised separated each other.
14. Heat exchanger according to each one of the preceding claims, substantially as illustrated and described.
EP06832335A 2005-12-05 2006-11-23 Improved heat exchanger Not-in-force EP1957883B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06832335T PL1957883T3 (en) 2005-12-05 2006-11-23 Improved heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000606A ITRM20050606A1 (en) 2005-12-05 2005-12-05 PERFECTED EXCHANGER.
PCT/IT2006/000818 WO2007066369A1 (en) 2005-12-05 2006-11-23 Improved heat exchanger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1957883A1 true EP1957883A1 (en) 2008-08-20
EP1957883B1 EP1957883B1 (en) 2010-12-15

Family

ID=37907077

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06832335A Not-in-force EP1957883B1 (en) 2005-12-05 2006-11-23 Improved heat exchanger

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1957883B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE491918T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602006018991D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2357688T3 (en)
IT (1) ITRM20050606A1 (en)
PL (1) PL1957883T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2419040C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007066369A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008012126A1 (en) * 2008-03-01 2009-09-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh heater
CN101726109B (en) * 2009-11-27 2013-01-16 广东诺科冷暖设备有限公司 High-efficiency condensing type heat exchanger
RU2677438C2 (en) * 2014-03-17 2019-01-16 Кондево С.П.А. Method of manufacturing set of heat exchange cells and set of heat exchange cells thus obtained
KR101764391B1 (en) * 2014-03-17 2017-08-03 콘데보 에스.피.에이. Heat Exchange Cell and Method
CN106524475A (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-22 张书学 Main exchanger of wall-hanging stove
NL2016755B1 (en) * 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 Remeha B V Heat exchanger.
IT201600074665A1 (en) * 2016-07-18 2018-01-18 Ariston Thermo Spa HEAT EXCHANGER FOR BOILER OR SIMILAR
RU168562U1 (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-02-08 Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дальневосточный Федеральный Университет" (Двфу) Hot water boiler
IT201700096656A1 (en) * 2017-08-28 2019-02-28 Cosmogas Srl HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A BOILER, AND HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE

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AT388576B (en) 1983-11-04 1989-07-25 Escher Wyss Gmbh FABRIC RELEASE DEVICE FOR SOLVING WASTE PAPER
NL8403236A (en) * 1984-10-24 1986-05-16 Henk Durieux High efficiency central heating boiler - uses spirally wound heat exchanger around combustion chamber and around coaxial insulation block
US5171144A (en) * 1991-09-09 1992-12-15 A. O. Smith Corporation Pressurized air seal for combustion chamber
NL1014957C1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-16 Nefit Buderus B V Heat exchanger with circulating fluid heated by a flue gas, has a ring seal inside the bore in the receiving part of the connection between the exchanger casing and tube carrying the fluid
ITRM20010474A1 (en) 2001-08-03 2003-02-03 Fontecal S P A HIGH YIELD SPIROIDAL HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEATING AND / OR PRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC HOT WATER, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR CONDENSING
FR2850451B3 (en) * 2003-01-24 2005-04-15 Realisation Mecaniques Engenee HEAT EXCHANGER WITH CONDENSATION, PLASTIC ENVELOPE

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2007066369A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2419040C2 (en) 2011-05-20
EP1957883B1 (en) 2010-12-15
ES2357688T3 (en) 2011-04-28
DE602006018991D1 (en) 2011-01-27
RU2008127376A (en) 2010-01-20
WO2007066369A1 (en) 2007-06-14
ITRM20050606A1 (en) 2007-06-06
ATE491918T1 (en) 2011-01-15
PL1957883T3 (en) 2011-05-31

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