EP1957864B1 - Steam generator tube, method of manufacturing the same and once-through steam generator - Google Patents
Steam generator tube, method of manufacturing the same and once-through steam generator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1957864B1 EP1957864B1 EP06819666.6A EP06819666A EP1957864B1 EP 1957864 B1 EP1957864 B1 EP 1957864B1 EP 06819666 A EP06819666 A EP 06819666A EP 1957864 B1 EP1957864 B1 EP 1957864B1
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- pipe
- steam generator
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- wall
- tube
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/18—Inserts, e.g. for receiving deposits from water
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steam generator tube with a spin-producing inner profile. It further relates to a continuous steam generator with such steam generator tubes. The invention further relates to a method for producing a steam generator tube provided with a swirl-producing inner profile.
- Such steam generator tubes are z.
- gas-tightly welded steam generator tubes are usually used with one another via webs to form a throttle cable surrounding the combustion chamber, which are connected in parallel for the flow of a flow medium.
- tubes with separate, separate flat iron bars in between it is also possible to use tubes which are already factory-equipped with molded fins.
- the steam generator tubes can be arranged vertically or obliquely.
- the steam generator tubes are generally designed such that sufficient cooling of the steam generator tubes is ensured even at low mass flow densities of the steam generator tubes flowing medium.
- An important design criterion is the heat transfer properties of a steam generator tube. A high heat transfer allows a particularly effective heating of the medium flowing through the steam generator tube with simultaneous reliable cooling of the steam generator tube per se.
- the heat transfer behavior of a steam generator tube may be affected by the occurrence of so-called boiling crises in conventional steam generators, which are operated at subcritical pressures.
- the pipe wall is no longer wetted by the liquid flow medium - usually water - and thus insufficiently cooled. As a result of too early drying could then reduce the strength values of the pipe wall.
- steam generator tubes which have as a result of a deformation process (eg cold drawing) on its inside a surface structure or an inner profile in the form of helically wound ribs. Due to the shape of the ribs, a swirl is impressed on the medium flowing through the steam generator tube, so that the heavier liquid phase collects on the tube inner wall as a result of the acting centrifugal forces and forms a wetting liquid film there. This ensures a reliable heat transfer from the pipe inner wall to the flow medium even at comparatively high heat flux densities and low mass flow densities.
- a deformation process eg cold drawing
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a steam generator tube of the aforementioned type, which has a particularly favorable heat transfer behavior with simple and inexpensive held production and a wide range of different operating conditions. Furthermore, a production method suitable for the production of such a steam generator tube as well as a continuous steam generator are to be specified, which has a particularly simple design with high operational safety and high efficiency.
- the stated object is achieved according to the invention in that at least one insert is arranged in the tube interior to form a swirl-producing inner profile, wherein the insert comprises a plurality of wires which helically wind along the tube inner wall in the manner of a multi-start thread.
- the invention is based on the consideration that the multiphase flow should have a twist within a steam generator tube to improve the heat transfer, so that the liquid phase is guided due to the rotation of the pipe inner wall and this wets as evenly as possible.
- suitable flow-guiding elements should be arranged inside the tube.
- the flow guide is particularly favorable when on the one hand neither a "Überdrallen” nor too large pressure losses along the flow path occur, on the other hand, the swirl effect is still intense enough to the liquid phase of the flow medium over the entire pipe circumference to the pipe inner wall conduct.
- the flow-guiding elements should be arranged substantially in the manner of an inner profile on the pipe inner wall and not or only slightly obstruct the pipe cross-section in the center.
- the swirl-producing internal profile should be realized by tube fittings or inserts which can be made in the desired shape independently of the steam generator tubes and retrofitted into the tube.
- wires or bands are provided which, after introduction into the steam generator tube, wind helically along the inner wall of the tube so that a substantial part of the tube cross-section remains free (more than 50%) and the steam in the interior of the tube thus remains free accumulate and can flow away.
- the pitch angle of the respective wire is opposite a plane oriented perpendicular to the tube axis reference plane at least 30 ° and preferably at most 70 °. Especially advantageous is a pitch angle from the interval 40 ° to 55 °.
- the respective wire has a round or a substantially rectangular cross-section.
- the edges can be post-processed, so that it is possible to realize comparatively steep flank angles and sharp-edged transitions.
- the wires can vary in diameter depending on the diameter of the steam generator tube and depending on the intended flow and temperature conditions. In general, a wire diameter or a mean cross-sectional dimension of 5% to 15% of the inner diameter of the smooth tube is advantageous.
- the respective wire or the tube insert formed from the wires sits at the intended operating temperature of the steam generator tube due to its residual stress slip-resistant in the tube interior.
- the wire material and the residual stress are thus matched to the geometric conditions that a creeping or slipping of the individual turns is prevented against each other.
- the wires resting on the tube inner wall can be connected to each other via radial stiffening struts and / or to a central wire running along the tube axis.
- a support core slipping of the individual spring courses is prevented even in a possible decrease in the wire or spring tension, so that the tube insert permanently retains its original shape and position in the steam generator tube.
- a number of extending in the direction of the tube axis holding wires may be provided, which are respectively fixed to the pipe interior facing the side of the helically wound wires to this. In this way, a similar effect results as in the execution with the radial stiffening struts.
- the stiffening struts and / or the retaining wires and / or the central wire comprehensive support core can be made of a lower compared to the swirl-producing, applied to the pipe inner wall wires inferior material, since it must be protected against corrosion or scaling, but not directly with the very high temperatures of the pipe inner wall is loaded.
- an additional fixation is preferably provided in which the respective profile-forming wire is firmly connected at least at one point, preferably in the vicinity of its two ends, with the tube inner wall.
- the solid compound is advantageously a high-temperature welded connection.
- a more elaborate variant to be produced, but which ensures a particularly secure fixation comprises a plurality of distributed over the longitudinal extent of the respective wire spot welds.
- the welding fixation can be produced particularly well if at least the wires resting on the pipe inner wall of the insert are made of a material having a composition similar to the pipe material.
- the steam generator tubes described here are used in a fossil-heated continuous steam generator. Due to the swirl-producing inner profile of the tubes and the associated improvements in the heat transfer behavior, a sufficient heat transfer to the flow medium or cooling of the tube walls is ensured even in boiler designs with vertical pipe arrangement ("vertical pipe").
- vertical pipe with a higher number of tubes and with relatively short pipe lengths allows due to the opposite obliquely or spirally arranged pipes lower flow rates and lower mass flow densities operation of the steam generator with reduced pressure loss and reduced minimum flow rate.
- the steam generator comprehensive power plant can be designed for a lower minimum load.
- the above-mentioned tube installations can also result in convective heating, such as is present in waste heat boilers of combined cycle power plants, due to the improved heat transfer to a reduction of the heat exchanger surface and thus to significant cost savings.
- the above-mentioned object is achieved by inserting a plurality of tensioned wires into a smooth tube, the wires being arranged in the form of a multi-thread, and wherein the wires are relaxed to the point of insertion until their turns abut the pipe inner wall.
- the multi-start helical spring formed by the pre-aligned wires is biased by being pulled apart or twisted, for example.
- the insert is retracted into the tube. After its partial relaxation, it presses itself against the inner wall of the pipe.
- the remaining residual stress of the wires is chosen so that no creep can take place at the intended operating temperature of the evaporator tube.
- the wires are advantageously welded after their partial relaxation at least at one end to the pipe inner wall.
- the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that with the new tube inserts a flexible, usable for all pipe materials flow guidance in the pipe interior results, which can be adjusted according to the need for heat transfer improvement. Due to the design flexibility brought about by the freely configurable parameters wire diameter, number of turns of the wire arrangement, pitch angle, flank angle and sharp edge, it is possible to set a swirl profile that varies over the length of the evaporator tube and is adapted exactly to the respective local heating. The manufacturing limitations of conventional finned tubes are bypassed. Especially with new power plant developments with higher design values for the steam parameters, the production of finned tubes becomes more and more complicated due to the higher chromium content of the new materials required for higher temperatures and pressures. Here, the new spin-producing internals replace the finned tube or allow such applications in the first place.
- FIG. 1 schematically a continuous steam generator 2 is shown with a rectangular cross section, the vertical throttle cable is formed by a Um drawnsungs- or combustion chamber wall 4, which merges at the lower end in a funnel-shaped bottom 6.
- a number of burners for a fuel in each case an opening 8, only two of which are visible, mounted in the combustion chamber wall 4 composed of steam generator tubes 10.
- the vertically arranged steam generator tubes 10 are gas-tightly welded together in the firing zone V to form an evaporator heating surface 12.
- one-turn boilers are also further boiler configurations, eg. B. in the manner of a two-pass boiler, possible.
- the steam generator tubes to be described below can be used in all these variants, both in the firing area and in the rest of the flue gas duct. A use in a heat recovery steam generator is conceivable.
- FIG. 2 shows in a sectional view a section of a pipe used for the bore of the combustion chamber 4 of the continuous steam generator 2 steam generator tube 10.
- an insert 22 is introduced, which forms a spin-producing inner profile to improve the heat transfer behavior.
- the insert 22 comprises three wires 24, which run along the tube inner wall 26 in the manner of a three-start thread with a constant pitch angle (and thus with a constant pitch). As a result of their residual stress, the wires 24 are firmly against the tube inner wall 26.
- the wires 24 are each fixed at several points, in particular in the vicinity of their two ends, by spot welding to the tube inner wall 26.
- the wires 24 are in the embodiment as well as the tube wall 28 of the female tube 20 receiving them from a highly heat-resistant metallic material with a high chromium content.
- a highly heat-resistant metallic material with a high chromium content there are also other suitable materials which are familiar to the expert, for. Eg 13CrMo44.
- the cross-sectional profile of the wires 24 is an important design criterion. In particular, due to the separate from the smooth tube 20 production of the respective Wire 24 whose height and width and the flank angle relative to the pipe inner wall 26 and the sharpness of the edges are arbitrarily specified.
- the geometrical parameters are usually chosen similar to the ribs of conventional finned tubes.
- a location-dependent adaptation and optimization can take place, which takes into account the course of the heating profile along the combustion chamber wall 4.
- FIG. 3 shows a training of FIG. 2 known embodiment of the steam generator tube 10, in which the voltage applied to the tube inner wall 26 wires 24 are connected via welded radial stiffening struts 30 with a running along the tube axis central wire 32, so that slippage of the individual spring courses or wire turns against each other is effectively prevented even with decreasing spring action , Since the support core comprising the stiffening struts 30 and the central wire 32 is not exposed to temperatures as high as the swirl-producing wires 24 resting on the pipe inner wall 26, it is made of a less high-quality material.
- each three of the thin radial reinforcing struts 30 are combined to form a regular star lying in a common cross-sectional plane through the steam generator tube 10.
- Several of these stars are arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the steam generator tube 10 in a row.
- all stars are aligned the same, so that the corresponding stiffening struts 30 consecutively arranged stars come to lie congruent in cross section. As a result, the swirl flow in the pipe interior 18 is disturbed only insignificantly.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment, which also with the FIG. 3 known variant can be combined can.
- three parallel to the tube axis extending holding wires 34 are provided which prevent slippage of the swirl-producing, helically wound wires 24.
- the retaining wires 34 are viewed in cross-section evenly distributed over the inner tube circumference and each fixed to the pipe interior 18 facing side of the profiling wires 24 to the same.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Dampferzeugerrohr mit einem drallerzeugenden Innenprofil. Sie betrifft weiterhin einen Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit derartigen Dampferzeugerrohren. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mit einem drallerzeugenden Innenprofil versehenen Dampferzeugerrohres. Derartige Dampferzeugerrohre sind z. B. in Dokumenten
Ein wichtiges Auslegungskriterium sind die Wärmeübergangseigenschaften eines Dampferzeugerrohres. Ein hoher Wärmeübergang ermöglicht eine besonders effektive Beheizung des das Dampferzeugerrohr durchströmenden Mediums bei gleichzeitig zuverlässiger Kühlung des Dampferzeugerrohres an sich. Das Wärmeübergangsverhalten eines Dampferzeugerrohres kann bei konventionellen Dampferzeugern, die bei unterkritischen Drücken betrieben werden, durch das Auftreten so genannter Siedekrisen beeinträchtigt sein. Dabei wird die Rohrwand nicht mehr vom flüssigen Strömungsmedium - in der Regel Wasser - benetzt und somit nur unzureichend gekühlt. Infolge von zu frühem Austrocknen könnten dann die Festigkeitswerte der Rohrwand reduziert werden.The invention relates to a steam generator tube with a spin-producing inner profile. It further relates to a continuous steam generator with such steam generator tubes. The invention further relates to a method for producing a steam generator tube provided with a swirl-producing inner profile. Such steam generator tubes are z. In documents
An important design criterion is the heat transfer properties of a steam generator tube. A high heat transfer allows a particularly effective heating of the medium flowing through the steam generator tube with simultaneous reliable cooling of the steam generator tube per se. The heat transfer behavior of a steam generator tube may be affected by the occurrence of so-called boiling crises in conventional steam generators, which are operated at subcritical pressures. The pipe wall is no longer wetted by the liquid flow medium - usually water - and thus insufficiently cooled. As a result of too early drying could then reduce the strength values of the pipe wall.
Für eine Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangsverhaltens kommen üblicherweise Dampferzeugerrohre zum Einsatz, die infolge eines Verformungsprozesses (z. B. Kaltziehen) auf ihrer Innenseite eine Oberflächenstruktur oder ein Innenprofil in der Art schraubenförmig gewundener Rippen aufweisen. Durch die Formgebung der Rippen wird dem das Dampferzeugerrohr durchströmenden Medium ein Drall eingeprägt, so dass sich die schwerere flüssige Phase infolge der wirkenden Zentrifugalkräfte an der Rohrinnenwand sammelt und dort einen benetzenden Flüssigkeitsfilm ausbildet. Damit ist auch bei vergleichsweise hohen Wärmestromdichten und niedrigen Massenstromdichten ein zuverlässiger Wärmeübergang von der Rohrinnenwand auf das Strömungsmedium gewährleistet.To improve the heat transfer behavior usually steam generator tubes are used, which have as a result of a deformation process (eg cold drawing) on its inside a surface structure or an inner profile in the form of helically wound ribs. Due to the shape of the ribs, a swirl is impressed on the medium flowing through the steam generator tube, so that the heavier liquid phase collects on the tube inner wall as a result of the acting centrifugal forces and forms a wetting liquid film there. This ensures a reliable heat transfer from the pipe inner wall to the flow medium even at comparatively high heat flux densities and low mass flow densities.
Nachteilig ist bei den bekannten Dampferzeugerrohren, dass diese infolge der begrenzten Verformbarkeit des Rohrmaterials vergleichsweise aufwändig herzustellen sind. Insbesondere bei hochwarmfesten Stählen mit hohem Chromgehalt ist die Verformbarkeit stark eingeschränkt. Derartige Werkstoffe spielen bei Dampferzeugerrohren heutzutage eine immer wichtigere Rolle, da sie - zumindest im Prinzip - eine Auslegung eines Dampferzeugers für besonders hohe Dampfparameter, insbesondere für hohe Frischdampftemperaturen, und damit einhergehend besonders hohe Wirkungsgrade gestatten. Durch die materialbedingten Einschränkungen bei der Verarbeitung ist es jedoch in der Praxis nicht oder nur mit erheblichem Aufwand möglich, innenberippte Rohre mit den gewünschten, strömungstechnisch vorteilhaften Rippenprofilen im Rahmen eines Verformungsprozesses aus Glattrohren zu erzeugen. Insbesondere sind hinreichend steile Flankenwinkel und scharfkantige Übergänge in Verbindung mit großen Rippenhöhen nur schwer nicht fertigbar. Darüber hinaus ist die Höhe der Rippen nur innerhalb eines engen Rahmens fertigbar. Zudem ergibt sich eine nur geringe Flexibilität bezüglich der Profilgestaltung entlang des Rohres.A disadvantage of the known steam generator tubes that they are relatively complicated to produce due to the limited deformability of the pipe material. In particular, in high-temperature steels with high chromium content, the deformability is severely limited. Such materials are playing an increasingly important role in steam generator tubes today, since they permit - at least in principle - a design of a steam generator for particularly high steam parameters, in particular for high live steam temperatures, and consequently particularly high efficiencies. Due to the material-related limitations in processing, however, it is not possible in practice or only with considerable effort to produce internally ribbed tubes with the desired, fluidically advantageous rib profiles in the context of a deformation process of smooth tubes. In particular, sufficiently steep flank angles and sharp-edged transitions in connection with large rib heights are difficult to produce. In addition, the height of the ribs is manufacturable only within a narrow frame. In addition, there is only a slight flexibility with regard to the profile design along the tube.
Alternativ wurden bereits verschiedenartige drallerzeugende Einbauteile zum nachträglichen Einbau in ein Dampferzeugerrohr vorgeschlagen. Zu diesen zählen insbesondere die so genannten "Twisted Tapes": Aus einem Metallstreifen gefertigte Bänder, die in sich verdrillt oder gewunden sind. Den bislang bekannten Rohreinbauten ist allerdings der Nachteil gemeinsam, dass sie zum einen den (ursprünglich) freien Querschnitt im Zentrum des Rohres versperren und daher zu sehr hohen Druckverlusten führen, und dass sie zum anderen die gesamte Strömung ausgesprochen stark umlenken und dabei teilweise "überdrallen". Ein einfaches Twisted Tape z. B. führt bei höheren Dampfgehalten in der Zweiphasenströmung zu einem Ansammeln der Wasserphase im Zwickel zwischen der Rohrwand und dem Tape bei gleichzeitigem Austrocknen und damit unzureichender Kühlung der Innenwandbereiche leeseitig des Tapes. Dampferzeugerrohre mit Einbauten in der Art von Twisted Tapes sind daher nicht für alle bei Dampferzeugern üblicherweise auftretenden Betriebsbedingungen gleichermaßen geeignet.Alternatively, various types of swirl-producing components have already been proposed for subsequent installation in a steam generator tube. These include, in particular, the so-called "twisted tapes": strips made of a metal strip that are twisted or twisted. However, the tube fittings known hitherto have the disadvantage in common that on the one hand they obstruct the (originally) free cross section in the center of the tube and therefore lead to very high pressure losses, and on the other hand they divert the entire flow extremely strongly and in some cases "overdrive". , A simple twisted tape z. B. leads at higher vapor contents in the two-phase flow to an accumulation of the water phase in the gusset between the pipe wall and the tape with simultaneous drying and thus insufficient cooling of the inner wall regions leeward side of the tape. Steam generator tubes with inserts in the type of twisted tapes are therefore not equally suitable for all operating conditions usually occurring in steam generators.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Dampferzeugerrohr der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, das bei einfach und kostengünstig gehaltener Fertigung und bei einer großen Bandbreite unterschiedlicher Betriebsbedingungen ein besonders günstiges Wärmeübergangsverhalten aufweist. Des Weiteren sollen ein zur Herstellung eines derartigen Dampferzeugerrohres geeignetes Herstellungsverfahren sowie ein Durchlaufdampferzeuger angegeben werden, der bei hoher betrieblicher Sicherheit und bei einem hohen Wirkungsgrad einen besonders einfachen Aufbau besitzt.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a steam generator tube of the aforementioned type, which has a particularly favorable heat transfer behavior with simple and inexpensive held production and a wide range of different operating conditions. Furthermore, a production method suitable for the production of such a steam generator tube as well as a continuous steam generator are to be specified, which has a particularly simple design with high operational safety and high efficiency.
Bezüglich des Dampferzeugerrohres wird die genannten Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß gelöst, indem zur Bildung eines drallerzeugenden Innenprofils mindestens ein Einsatz im Rohrinneren angeordnet ist, wobei der Einsatz eine Mehrzahl von Drähten umfasst, die sich in der Art eines mehrgängigen Gewindes schraubenförmig an der Rohrinnenwand entlangwinden.With regard to the steam generator tube, the stated object is achieved according to the invention in that at least one insert is arranged in the tube interior to form a swirl-producing inner profile, wherein the insert comprises a plurality of wires which helically wind along the tube inner wall in the manner of a multi-start thread.
Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass die Mehrphasenströmung innerhalb eines Dampferzeugerrohres zur Verbesserung des Wärmeüberganges einen Drall aufweisen sollte, so dass die flüssige Phase infolge der Rotation an die Rohrinnenwand geführt wird und diese möglichst gleichmäßig benetzt. Für eine gezielte Herstellung und Aufrechterhaltung einer derartigen Drallströmung sollten daher geeignete strömungsführende Elemente im Rohrinneren angeordnet sein. Wie sich herausgestellt hat, ist die Strömungsführung dann besonders günstig, wenn einerseits weder ein "Überdrallen" noch allzu große Druckverluste entlang des Strömungsweges auftreten, andererseits die Drallwirkung dennoch intensiv genug ist, um die flüssige Phase des Strömungsmediums über den gesamten Rohrumfang an die Rohrinnenwand zu leiten.The invention is based on the consideration that the multiphase flow should have a twist within a steam generator tube to improve the heat transfer, so that the liquid phase is guided due to the rotation of the pipe inner wall and this wets as evenly as possible. For a specific production and maintenance of such a swirl flow, therefore, suitable flow-guiding elements should be arranged inside the tube. As has been found, the flow guide is particularly favorable when on the one hand neither a "Überdrallen" nor too large pressure losses along the flow path occur, on the other hand, the swirl effect is still intense enough to the liquid phase of the flow medium over the entire pipe circumference to the pipe inner wall conduct.
Zur Vermeidung hoher Druckverluste, die zu einem hohen Eigenenergiebedarf für die Speisewasserpumpe führen, und zur Sicherstellung der Dampfabfuhr im Rohrinneren sollten die strömungsführenden Elemente im Wesentlichen in der Art eines Innenprofils an der Rohrinnenwand angeordnet sein und den Rohrquerschnitt im Zentrum nicht oder nur geringfügig versperren. Um überdies die mit den Rippenrohren konventioneller Bauart verbundenen Fertigungslimitierungen zu umgehen, sollte das drallerzeugende Innenprofil durch Rohreinbauten oder Einsätze verwirklicht werden, die unabhängig von dem Dampferzeugerrohre in der gewünschten Form hergestellt werden können und nachträglich in das Rohr eingezogen werden. Zu diesem Zweck sind bei dem hier vorgestellten neuen Konzept Drähte oder Bänder vorgesehen, die sich nach dem Einbringen in das Dampferzeugerrohr schraubenförmig an der Rohrinnenwand entlangwinden, so dass ein wesentlicher Teil des Rohrquerschnitts (mehr als 50 %) frei bleibt und der Dampf im Rohrinneren somit akkumulieren und abströmen kann.To avoid high pressure losses, which lead to a high own energy demand for the feedwater pump, and to ensure the removal of steam in the tube interior, the flow-guiding elements should be arranged substantially in the manner of an inner profile on the pipe inner wall and not or only slightly obstruct the pipe cross-section in the center. Moreover, in order to circumvent the manufacturing limitations associated with the finned tubes of conventional design, the swirl-producing internal profile should be realized by tube fittings or inserts which can be made in the desired shape independently of the steam generator tubes and retrofitted into the tube. For this purpose, in the new concept presented here, wires or bands are provided which, after introduction into the steam generator tube, wind helically along the inner wall of the tube so that a substantial part of the tube cross-section remains free (more than 50%) and the steam in the interior of the tube thus remains free accumulate and can flow away.
Weiterhin wurde erkannt, dass eine einfache, d. h. eingängige Schraubenfeder in der Regel nur einen schwachen Drall erzeugt. Die Strömung kann dabei über den an der Rohrinnenwand anliegenden Draht scheren. Aufgrund der geringeren Rotation kommt es dann zu einem früheren Auftreten der Siedekrise. Dieser Effekt könnte zwar beispielsweise durch einen größeren Drahtdurchmesser (analog einer größeren Rippenhöhe) kompensiert werden, jedoch führt dies bei einer Drahtanordnung in der Art einer einfachen Schraubfeder leicht zu einem Ansammeln oder Aufstauen der Wasserphase im Zwickel zwischen der Rohrwand und dem Drahteinsatz bei gleichzeitigem Austrocknen der Innenwandbereiche leeseitig des Drahtes, d. h. zu einer unzureichenden Kühlung der entsprechenden Wandbereiche. Derartige Nachteile werden gemäß dem hier vorgestellten Konzept vermieden, indem eine Mehrzahl von Drähten in der Art eines mehrgängigen Gewindes jeweils schraubenförmig an der Rohrinnenwand anliegt. Bei dieser Ausführung wird auch bei moderater Drallstärke und vergleichsweise geringem Druckverlust eine gleichmäßige Benetzung der Rohrinnenwand mit flüssigem Strömungsmittel erreicht; ein Überdrallen der Strömung wird andererseits vollständig vermieden.Furthermore, it was recognized that a simple, ie catchy coil spring usually generates only a weak swirl. The flow can shear over the voltage applied to the pipe inner wall wire. Due to the lower rotation Does it then come to an earlier occurrence of the boiling crisis. Although this effect could for example be compensated by a larger wire diameter (analogous to a larger rib height), but this leads to a wire assembly in the manner of a simple helical spring easily accumulating or damming the water phase in the gusset between the pipe wall and the wire insert while drying the Inner wall portions leeward of the wire, ie to an insufficient cooling of the corresponding wall areas. Such disadvantages are avoided according to the concept presented here in that a plurality of wires in the manner of a multi-start thread respectively bears helically on the pipe inner wall. In this embodiment, a uniform wetting of the pipe inner wall with liquid fluid is achieved even with moderate swirl strength and relatively low pressure loss; on the other hand, overflow of the flow is completely avoided.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist zudem, dass im Gegensatz zu Rippenrohren herkömmlicher Bauart, die durch einen Verformungsprozess unter Einsatz erheblicher Verformungskräfte aus Glattrohren hergestellt werden, eine große Flexibilität hinsichtlich der strömungsrelevanten Parameter, wie etwa Profilhöhe, Gangzahl, Steigungswinkel, Flankenwinkel und Scharfkantigkeit besteht. Entsprechende Designvorgaben können bei der Ausführung als Einsatzbauteil besonders einfach und präzise umgesetzt werden, da hierzu in der Regel nur Drähte oder Metallbänder mit dem passenden Querschnittsprofil zur Verfügung gestellt und in die gewünschte Anordnung gebracht werden müssen, z. B. durch Drillung und/oder Verbiegung.It is also particularly advantageous that, in contrast to finned tubes of conventional design, which are produced by a deformation process using considerable deformation forces from smooth tubes, a great flexibility in terms of flow parameters, such as profile height, number of gears, pitch angle, flank angle and sharp edge exists. Corresponding design specifications can be particularly simple and precise implemented in the execution as insert component, as this usually only wires or metal bands must be provided with the appropriate cross-sectional profile and brought into the desired arrangement, eg. B. by twisting and / or bending.
Bei Dampferzeugerrohren mit üblichen Dimensionen und Abmessungen ist eine Anordnung der Drähte in der Art eines zwei-oder dreigängigen Gewindes besonders zweckmäßig. Aber auch vier- bis sechsgängige Ausführungen können vorteilhaft sein; bei Dampferzeugerrohren mit besonders großem Durchmesser sind sogar achtgängige Varianten denkbar. Vorteilhafterweise beträgt der Steigungswinkel des jeweiligen Drahtes gegenüber einer senkrecht zur Rohrachse orientierten Bezugsebene mindestens 30° und vorzugsweise höchstens 70°. Ganz besonders vorteilhaft ist ein Steigungswinkel aus dem Intervall 40° bis 55°.In steam generator tubes with conventional dimensions and dimensions, an arrangement of the wires in the manner of a two- or three-start thread is particularly useful. But even four- to six-speed versions may be advantageous; For steam generator tubes with a particularly large diameter even eight-speed variants are conceivable. Advantageously, the pitch angle of the respective wire is opposite a plane oriented perpendicular to the tube axis reference plane at least 30 ° and preferably at most 70 °. Especially advantageous is a pitch angle from the interval 40 ° to 55 °.
Für eine besonders einfache und kostengünstige Herstellbarkeit weist der jeweilige Draht einen runden oder einen im Wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt auf. Bei der letztgenannten Ausführungsform können insbesondere die Kanten nachbearbeitet sein, so dass sich vergleichsweise steile Flankenwinkel und scharfkantige Übergänge realisieren lassen. Die Drähte können je nach Durchmesser des Dampferzeugerrohres und je nach den vorgesehenen Strömungs- und Temperaturverhältnissen im Durchmesser variieren. Im Allgemeinen ist ein Drahtdurchmesser bzw. eine mittlere Querschnittsausdehnung von 5 % bis 15 % des Innendurchmessers des Glattrohres vorteilhaft.For a particularly simple and inexpensive manufacturability, the respective wire has a round or a substantially rectangular cross-section. In the latter embodiment, in particular, the edges can be post-processed, so that it is possible to realize comparatively steep flank angles and sharp-edged transitions. The wires can vary in diameter depending on the diameter of the steam generator tube and depending on the intended flow and temperature conditions. In general, a wire diameter or a mean cross-sectional dimension of 5% to 15% of the inner diameter of the smooth tube is advantageous.
Vorteilhafterweise sitzt der jeweilige Draht bzw. der aus den Drähten gebildete Rohreinsatz bei der vorgesehenen Betriebstemperatur des Dampferzeugerrohres infolge seiner Eigenspannung rutschfest im Rohrinnenraum. Das Drahtmaterial und die Eigenspannung sind also derart auf die geometrischen Verhältnisse abgestimmt, dass ein Kriechen oder ein Verrutschen der einzelnen Windungen gegeneinander unterbunden ist.Advantageously, the respective wire or the tube insert formed from the wires sits at the intended operating temperature of the steam generator tube due to its residual stress slip-resistant in the tube interior. The wire material and the residual stress are thus matched to the geometric conditions that a creeping or slipping of the individual turns is prevented against each other.
Falls es sich als notwendig erweist, können die an der Rohrinnenwand anliegenden Drähte über radiale Versteifungsstreben miteinander und/oder mit einem entlang der Rohrachse verlaufenden Mitteldraht verbunden sein. Durch einen derartigen Stützkern wird ein Verrutschen der einzelnen Federgänge auch bei einem eventuellen Nachlassen der Draht- bzw. Federspannung verhindert, so dass der Rohreinsatz seine ursprüngliche Form und Lage im Dampferzeugerrohr dauerhaft beibehält. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können eine Anzahl von in Richtung der Rohrachse verlaufenden Haltedrähte vorgesehen sein, die jeweils an der zum Rohrinnenraum gewandten Seite der schraubenförmig gewundenen Drähte an diesen fixiert sind. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine ähnliche Wirkung wie bei der Ausführung mit den radialen Versteifungsstreben. Der die Versteifungsstreben und/oder die Haltedrähte und/oder den Mitteldraht umfassende Stützkern kann aus einem im Vergleich zu den drallerzeugenden, an der Rohrinnenwand anliegenden Drähten minderwertigerem Werkstoff gefertigt sein, da er nur gegen Korrosion bzw. Verzunderung geschützt sein muss, jedoch nicht unmittelbar mit den sehr hohen Temperaturen der Rohrinnenwand belastet wird.If necessary, the wires resting on the tube inner wall can be connected to each other via radial stiffening struts and / or to a central wire running along the tube axis. By such a support core slipping of the individual spring courses is prevented even in a possible decrease in the wire or spring tension, so that the tube insert permanently retains its original shape and position in the steam generator tube. Additionally or alternatively, a number of extending in the direction of the tube axis holding wires may be provided, which are respectively fixed to the pipe interior facing the side of the helically wound wires to this. In this way, a similar effect results as in the execution with the radial stiffening struts. The stiffening struts and / or the retaining wires and / or the central wire comprehensive support core can be made of a lower compared to the swirl-producing, applied to the pipe inner wall wires inferior material, since it must be protected against corrosion or scaling, but not directly with the very high temperatures of the pipe inner wall is loaded.
Obwohl der Rohreinsatz bereits infolge der Eigenspannung seiner Drähte relativ fest und sicher im Dampferzeugerrohr sitzt, ist vorzugsweise eine zusätzliche Fixierung vorgesehen, bei der der jeweilige profilbildende Draht mindestens an einer Stelle, bevorzugt in der Nähe seiner beiden Enden, mit der Rohrinnenwand fest verbunden ist. Die feste Verbindung ist dabei vorteilhafterweise eine hochwarmfeste Schweißverbindung. Eine etwas aufwendiger herzustellende Variante, die aber eine besonders sichere Fixierung gewährleistet, umfasst eine Mehrzahl von über die Längsausdehnung des jeweiligen Drahtes verteilten Punktschweißstellen. Die Schweißfixierung lässt sich besonders gut herstellen, wenn zumindest die an der Rohrinnenwand anliegenden Drähte des Einsatzes aus einem Werkstoff mit einer dem Rohrmaterial ähnlichen Zusammensetzung hergestellt sind.Although the pipe insert already sits relatively firmly and safely in the steam generator tube due to the residual stress of its wires, an additional fixation is preferably provided in which the respective profile-forming wire is firmly connected at least at one point, preferably in the vicinity of its two ends, with the tube inner wall. The solid compound is advantageously a high-temperature welded connection. A more elaborate variant to be produced, but which ensures a particularly secure fixation comprises a plurality of distributed over the longitudinal extent of the respective wire spot welds. The welding fixation can be produced particularly well if at least the wires resting on the pipe inner wall of the insert are made of a material having a composition similar to the pipe material.
Weiterhin ist es gerade bei einem vergleichsweise langen, sich über die gesamte Höhe des Dampfkessels erstreckenden Dampferzeugerrohr wünschenswert, entlang seiner Längsausdehnung je nach Ort unterschiedliche Führungsprofile im Rohrinneren vorzusehen, die der räumlichen Entwicklung bzw. Variation sowohl des Dampfanteils als auch des Beheizungsprofils Rechnung tragen. Ein derartiges Konzept lässt sich vorteilhafterweise dadurch realisieren, dass eine Mehrzahl von Einsätzen in das Dampferzeugerrohr eingebracht ist, die in jeweils getrennten Rohrabschnitten angeordnet sind, wobei der jeweilige Einsatz mit seinen geometrischen Parametern an die im Betrieb vorgesehene lokale Beheizung und/oder an die lokalen Strömungsverhältnisse angepasst ist. Da sich ferner herausgestellt hat, dass der Drall nach einmaliger Generierung auch bei einer Zweiphasenströmung mindestens über eine Strömungsstrecke von fünf Rohrdurchmessern erhalten bleibt, ist keine vollständige, lückenlose Bestückung des Rohres notwendig. Vielmehr können die Einsätze durch Zwischenräume voneinander beabstandet in das Dampferzeugerrohr eingebaut sein.Furthermore, it is desirable, especially for a comparatively long, over the entire height of the steam boiler extending steam generator tube along its longitudinal extent depending on the location provide different guide profiles in the tube interior, which take into account the spatial development or variation of both the vapor content and the heating profile. Such a concept can be advantageously realized in that a plurality of inserts is introduced into the steam generator tube, which are arranged in separate pipe sections, wherein the respective insert with its geometric parameters to the provided during operation local heating and / or to the local flow conditions is adjusted. As further pointed out has that the swirl is maintained after a single generation even with a two-phase flow over at least a flow path of five pipe diameters, no complete, complete assembly of the tube is necessary. Rather, the inserts can be installed spaced apart from each other in the steam generator tube.
Zweckmäßigerweise werden die hier beschriebenen Dampferzeugerrohre bei einem fossil beheizten Durchlaufdampferzeuger eingesetzt. Durch das drallerzeugende Innenprofil der Rohre und die damit verbundenen Verbesserungen im Wärmeübergangsverhalten ist auch bei Kesselkonstruktionen mit vertikaler Rohranordnung ("senkrechte Berohrung") eine ausreichende Wärmeübertragung auf das Strömungsmedium bzw. eine Kühlung der Rohrwände gewährleistet. Eine Senkrechtberohrung mit höherer Rohranzahl und mit vergleichsweise kurzen Rohrleitungslängen ermöglicht aufgrund der gegenüber schräg bzw. spiralförmig angeordneten Rohren geringeren Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten und geringeren Massenstromdichten einen Betrieb des Dampferzeugers mit reduziertem Druckverlust und mit reduziertem Mindestdurchsatz. Damit kann das den Dampferzeuger umfassende Kraftwerk für eine geringere Mindestlast ausgelegt sein. Die von geneigten Dampferzeugerrohren bekannten Separationseffekte, bei denen Wasser und Dampf bei Unterschreiten einer Mindestströmungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. einer Mindestlast nur noch geschichtet strömen, so dass Teilbereiche der Rohrwände nicht mehr benetzt werden, treten bei Senkrechtberohrung nicht auf. Außerdem entfallen aufwendige, mit umfangreichen und kostenintensiven Schweißarbeiten verbundene Tragkonstruktionen für den Dampfkessel, da eine Kesselwand mit senkrechter Berohrung in der Regel selbsttragend ausgelegt werden kann.Conveniently, the steam generator tubes described here are used in a fossil-heated continuous steam generator. Due to the swirl-producing inner profile of the tubes and the associated improvements in the heat transfer behavior, a sufficient heat transfer to the flow medium or cooling of the tube walls is ensured even in boiler designs with vertical pipe arrangement ("vertical pipe"). A vertical pipe with a higher number of tubes and with relatively short pipe lengths allows due to the opposite obliquely or spirally arranged pipes lower flow rates and lower mass flow densities operation of the steam generator with reduced pressure loss and reduced minimum flow rate. Thus, the steam generator comprehensive power plant can be designed for a lower minimum load. The separation effects known from inclined steam generator tubes, in which water and steam only flow layered when falling below a minimum flow velocity or a minimum load so that partial areas of the tube walls are no longer wetted, do not occur in the case of vertical bore. In addition, no costly, associated with extensive and costly welding supporting structures for the steam boiler, since a boiler wall with vertical pipe can be designed self-supporting usually.
Weiterhin können die genannten Rohreinbauten auch bei konvektiver Beheizung, wie sie etwa im Abhitzekessel von GuD-Kraftwerken vorliegt, aufgrund des verbesserten Wärmeüberganges zu einer Reduzierung der Wärmetauscherfläche und damit zu deutlichen Kosteneinsparungen führen.Furthermore, the above-mentioned tube installations can also result in convective heating, such as is present in waste heat boilers of combined cycle power plants, due to the improved heat transfer to a reduction of the heat exchanger surface and thus to significant cost savings.
In Bezug auf das Herstellungsverfahren wird die oben genannte Aufgabe gelöst, indem eine Mehrzahl von unter Spannung stehenden Drähten in ein Glattrohr eingebracht wird, wobei die Drähte in der Art eines mehrgängigen Gewindes angeordnet sind, und wobei die Drähte nach dem Einbringen soweit entspannt werden, bis ihre Windungen an der Rohrinnenwand anliegen. Mit anderen Worten: Die von den vorab ausgerichteten Drähten gebildete mehrgängige Schraubfeder wird vorgespannt, indem sie beispielsweise auseinandergezogen oder in sich verdrillt wird. In diesem Zustand mit reduziertem Durchmesser wird der Einsatz in das Rohr eingezogen. Nach seiner teilweisen Entspannung presst er sich selbsttätig an die Rohrinnenwand an. Die verbleibende Eigenspannung der Drähte ist dabei so gewählt, dass bei der vorgesehenen Betriebstemperatur des Verdampferrohres kein Kriechen stattfinden kann. Zusätzlich werden die Drähte nach ihrer partiellen Entspannung vorteilhafterweise mindestens an einem Ende mit der Rohrinnenwand verschweißt.With regard to the manufacturing method, the above-mentioned object is achieved by inserting a plurality of tensioned wires into a smooth tube, the wires being arranged in the form of a multi-thread, and wherein the wires are relaxed to the point of insertion until their turns abut the pipe inner wall. In other words, the multi-start helical spring formed by the pre-aligned wires is biased by being pulled apart or twisted, for example. In this reduced diameter condition, the insert is retracted into the tube. After its partial relaxation, it presses itself against the inner wall of the pipe. The remaining residual stress of the wires is chosen so that no creep can take place at the intended operating temperature of the evaporator tube. In addition, the wires are advantageously welded after their partial relaxation at least at one end to the pipe inner wall.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass sich mit den neuen Rohreinsätzen eine flexible, für alle Rohrmaterialien einsetzbare Strömungsführung im Rohrinnenraum ergibt, die entsprechend dem Bedarf nach Wärmeübergangsverbesserung angepasst werden kann. Aufgrund der durch die frei gestaltbaren Parameter Drahtdurchmesser, Gangzahl der Drahtanordnung, Steigungswinkel, Flankenwinkel und Scharfkantigkeit bewirkten Designflexibilität kann ein über die Länge des Verdampferrohres variierendes Drallprofil eingestellt werden, das exakt an die jeweilige örtliche Beheizung angepasst ist. Dabei werden die Fertigungsbegrenzungen der herkömmlichen Rippenrohre umgangen. Vor allem bei Kraftwerksneuentwicklungen mit höheren Auslegungswerten für die Dampfparameter wird die Fertigung von Rippenrohren aufgrund des höheren Chromgehaltes der für höhere Temperaturen und Drücke notwendigen neuen Materialien immer aufwendiger. Hier können die neuen drallerzeugenden Einbauten das Rippenrohr ersetzen bzw. solche Anwendungen überhaupt erst ermöglichen.The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that with the new tube inserts a flexible, usable for all pipe materials flow guidance in the pipe interior results, which can be adjusted according to the need for heat transfer improvement. Due to the design flexibility brought about by the freely configurable parameters wire diameter, number of turns of the wire arrangement, pitch angle, flank angle and sharp edge, it is possible to set a swirl profile that varies over the length of the evaporator tube and is adapted exactly to the respective local heating. The manufacturing limitations of conventional finned tubes are bypassed. Especially with new power plant developments with higher design values for the steam parameters, the production of finned tubes becomes more and more complicated due to the higher chromium content of the new materials required for higher temperatures and pressures. Here, the new spin-producing internals replace the finned tube or allow such applications in the first place.
Verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:
- FIG 1
- einen Durchlaufdampferzeuger in vereinfachter Darstellung mit vertikal berohrter Brennkammerwand,
- FIG 2
- eine geschnittene Ansicht eines Dampferzeugerrohres mit einem ein drallerzeugendes Innenprofil ausbildenden Einsatz,
- FIG 3
- eine geschnittene Ansicht und einen Querschnitt durch ein Dampferzeugerrohr gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform, und
- FIG 4
- eine geschnittene Ansicht und einen Querschnitt durch ein Dampferzeugerrohr gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform.
- FIG. 1
- a continuous steam generator in a simplified representation with vertically annotated combustion chamber wall,
- FIG. 2
- a sectional view of a steam generator tube with a spin forming inner profile forming insert,
- FIG. 3
- a sectional view and a cross section through a steam generator tube according to an alternative embodiment, and
- FIG. 4
- a sectional view and a cross section through a steam generator tube according to another embodiment.
Gleiche Teile sind allen Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.Like parts are given the same reference numerals to all figures.
In
In einem Befeuerungsbereich V des Gaszugs sind eine Anzahl von Brennern für einen Brennstoff in jeweils einer Öffnung 8, von denen nur zwei sichtbar sind, in der aus Dampferzeugerrohren 10 zusammengesetzten Brennkammerwand 4 angebracht. Die vertikal angeordneten Dampferzeugerrohre 10 sind im Befeuerungsbereich V zu einer Verdampferheizfläche 12 gasdicht miteinander verschweißt.In a firing range V of the throttle cable, a number of burners for a fuel in each case an
Oberhalb des Befeuerungsbereiches V des Gaszugs befinden sich Konvektionsheizflächen 14. Darüber befindet sich ein Rauchgasaustrittskanal 16, über den das durch Verbrennung eines fossilen Brennstoffs erzeugte Rauchgas RG den vertikalen Gaszug verlässt. Das in den Dampferzeugerrohren 10 strömende Strömungsmedium wird durch die Strahlungswärme der Brennerflammen und durch konvektive Wärmeübertragung vom Rauchgas RG beheizt und dabei verdampft. Als Strömungsmedium ist im Ausführungsbeispiel Wasser oder ein Wasser-Dampf-Gemisch vorgesehen.Above the firing range V of the accelerator cable there are convection heating surfaces 14. Above this there is a flue
Neben dem in
Die Drähte 24 bestehen im Ausführungsbeispiel wie auch die Rohrwand 28 des sie aufnehmenden Glattrohres 20 aus einem hochwarmfesten metallischen Werkstoff mit hohem Chromanteil. Daneben existieren natürlich auch noch andere geeignete Materialien, die dem Fachmann geläufig sind, z. B. 13CrMo44. Neben der Anzahl der Drähte 24 (Gangzahl der Schraubenfeder) und dem Steigungswinkel ist das Querschnittsprofil der Drähte 24 ein wichtiges Auslegungskriterium. Insbesondere können aufgrund der vom Glattrohr 20 separaten Fertigung des jeweiligen Drahtes 24 dessen Höhe und Breite sowie der Flankenwinkel gegenüber der Rohrinnenwand 26 und die Schärfe der Kanten beliebig vorgegeben werden. In erster Näherung werden in der Regel die geometrischen Parameter ähnlich wie bei den Rippen konventioneller Rippenrohre gewählt. Darüber hinaus kann aber auch noch eine ortsabhängige Anpassung und Optimierung erfolgen, die auf den Verlauf des Beheizungsprofils entlang der Brennkammerwand 4 Rücksicht nimmt.The
Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Claims (14)
- Steam generator pipe (10) in which, for forming a swirl-generating internal profile, at least one insert (22) is arranged in the inside of the pipe (18), characterised in that the insert (22) comprises a plurality of wires (24) which wind in a spiral shape as a type of multi-start thread along the inner wall of the pipe (26).
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to claim 1, in which the angle of inclination of the respective wire (24) amounts to at least 30° and preferably at most 70° compared to a reference plane oriented at right angles to the pipe axis.
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the respective wire (24) has a round cross section.
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the respective wire (24) has an essentially rectangular cross section.
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the respective wire (24) as a result of its internal tension, is seated at the intended operating temperature in a non-slip manner in the inside of the pipe (18).
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the wires (24) lying against the inner wall of the pipe (26) are connected to each other and/or to a centre wire (32) running along the axis of the pipe via radial strengthening stays (30).
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which a number of retaining wires running in the direction of the pipe axis are provided, which are each fixed to the wires (24) on the side of said wires (24) facing towards the inside of the pipe (18) .
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the respective wire (24) is firmly connected at at least one point, preferably in the vicinity of its two ends, to the inner wall of the pipe (26).
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to claim 8, in which the firm connection is a welded connection.
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which at least the part of the insert (22) lying against the inner wall of the pipe (26) is produced from a material with a similar composition to the pipe material.
- Steam generator pipe (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10, with a plurality of inserts (22), which are arranged in separate pipe sections in each case, with the respective insert (22) being adapted with its geometrical parameters to the local heating provided during operation and/or to the local flow conditions.
- Continuous steam generator (2), which comprises a number of steam generator pipes (10) which are embodied according to one of claims 1 to 11.
- Method for producing steam generator pipes (10) provided with a swirl-generating inner profile, in which a plurality of wires (24) under tension are introduced into a smooth pipe (20), characterised in that the wires (24) are arranged in a form of a multiple-start thread, and the wires (24) are released after introduction until their windings lie on the inner wall of the pipe (26).
- Method according to claim 13, in which the wires (24) after their partial release are welded at least at one end to the inner wall of the pipe (26).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP06819666.6A EP1957864B1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-22 | Steam generator tube, method of manufacturing the same and once-through steam generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05026487A EP1793164A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2005-12-05 | Steam generator tube, method of manufacturing the same and once-through steam generator |
EP06819666.6A EP1957864B1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-22 | Steam generator tube, method of manufacturing the same and once-through steam generator |
PCT/EP2006/068757 WO2007065790A2 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-22 | Steam generator pipe, associated production method and continuous steam generator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1957864A2 EP1957864A2 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
EP1957864B1 true EP1957864B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
Family
ID=36889270
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05026487A Withdrawn EP1793164A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2005-12-05 | Steam generator tube, method of manufacturing the same and once-through steam generator |
EP06819666.6A Active EP1957864B1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-22 | Steam generator tube, method of manufacturing the same and once-through steam generator |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05026487A Withdrawn EP1793164A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2005-12-05 | Steam generator tube, method of manufacturing the same and once-through steam generator |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8122856B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1793164A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4948543B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101332251B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101389904B (en) |
AR (1) | AR056825A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006324057B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0619408A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2632381A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2419029C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI373594B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007065790A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200803925B (en) |
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EP2184536A1 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam generator pipe, accompanying production method and once-through steam generator |
DE102009024587A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Flow evaporator |
US8631871B2 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2014-01-21 | Innovative Steam Technologies Inc. | System and method for enhanced oil recovery with a once-through steam generator |
EP2390039A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for strong connection of a fixture unit into a steam generator pipe with a welding wire nozzle offset with respect to the axis of the torch tube |
EP2390567A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for producing fixture units for steam generator pipes |
EP2390566A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for producing fixture units for steam generator pipes |
DE102010040206A1 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Solar thermal absorber for direct evaporation, especially in a solar tower power plant |
DE102010042457A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for controlling a spot welding machine and associated spot welding machine |
JP5850693B2 (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2016-02-03 | 日野自動車株式会社 | Tube for heat exchanger |
US20130118626A1 (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method of attaching a stiffening wire inside a flexible hose assembly |
RU2522759C2 (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-07-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Воронежский государственный технический университет" | Heat exchange element |
RU2537643C2 (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2015-01-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Воронежский государственный технический университет" | Heat exchange element efficiency improvement method |
EP3039340B1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2018-11-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Vena contracta swirling dilution passages for gas turbine engine combustor |
KR20160025700A (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-09 | 주식회사 한국피이엠 | Rotating mold and apparatus and method for manufacturing pipe with spiral lib |
GB201513415D0 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-09-16 | Senior Uk Ltd | Finned coaxial cooler |
KR200483312Y1 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2017-04-27 | 주식회사 한국피이엠 | Rotating mold and apparatus for manufacturing pipe with spiral lib |
US20200328337A1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2020-10-15 | Yanmar Co., Ltd. | Thermoelectric power generation device and thermoelectric power generation system |
KR102230073B1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2021-03-19 | 지멘스 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Steam generator pipe with turbine mounting body |
CN109791029B (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2020-10-09 | 康奈可关精株式会社 | Method for manufacturing tube with built-in fin and method for manufacturing double-layer tube |
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KR102054506B1 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-12-10 | 천휘철 | A multipurpose Steamer |
CN113899228B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-07-14 | 湖南有色金属职业技术学院 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger |
CN114368860A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-19 | 吉亮未来水科技(深圳)有限公司 | Drench oxygenating device with rain who administers black and odorous water |
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2006
- 2006-11-22 JP JP2008542724A patent/JP4948543B2/en active Active
- 2006-11-22 RU RU2008127369/06A patent/RU2419029C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-22 AU AU2006324057A patent/AU2006324057B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-11-22 KR KR1020087015936A patent/KR101332251B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-11-22 US US12/086,100 patent/US8122856B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-22 EP EP06819666.6A patent/EP1957864B1/en active Active
- 2006-11-22 CN CN2006800457519A patent/CN101389904B/en active Active
- 2006-11-22 CA CA002632381A patent/CA2632381A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-22 BR BRPI0619408-7A patent/BRPI0619408A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-22 WO PCT/EP2006/068757 patent/WO2007065790A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-01 AR ARP060105308A patent/AR056825A1/en unknown
- 2006-12-04 TW TW095144956A patent/TWI373594B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-05-08 ZA ZA200803925A patent/ZA200803925B/en unknown
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007065790A3 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
BRPI0619408A2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
WO2007065790A2 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
AU2006324057A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
RU2008127369A (en) | 2010-01-20 |
CA2632381A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
KR20080081941A (en) | 2008-09-10 |
RU2419029C2 (en) | 2011-05-20 |
CN101389904B (en) | 2011-07-06 |
ZA200803925B (en) | 2009-03-25 |
AU2006324057B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
TWI373594B (en) | 2012-10-01 |
AR056825A1 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
JP4948543B2 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
EP1793164A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
EP1957864A2 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
KR101332251B1 (en) | 2013-11-25 |
CN101389904A (en) | 2009-03-18 |
TW200730772A (en) | 2007-08-16 |
US8122856B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
JP2009518610A (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US20090095236A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
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