EP1948992A1 - Method for producing a reservoir and the thus obtained reservoir - Google Patents

Method for producing a reservoir and the thus obtained reservoir

Info

Publication number
EP1948992A1
EP1948992A1 EP06831288A EP06831288A EP1948992A1 EP 1948992 A1 EP1948992 A1 EP 1948992A1 EP 06831288 A EP06831288 A EP 06831288A EP 06831288 A EP06831288 A EP 06831288A EP 1948992 A1 EP1948992 A1 EP 1948992A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
resistance
casing
envelope
safety
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06831288A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Allidieres
Jean-Paul Bacca
Alain Ravex
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP1948992A1 publication Critical patent/EP1948992A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/017—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing by calculation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49904—Assembling a subassembly, then assembling with a second subassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53313—Means to interrelatedly feed plural work parts from plural sources without manual intervention
    • Y10T29/53322—Means to assemble container
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53443—Means to assemble or disassemble container and fluid component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a reservoir, especially a cryogenic reservoir, and a reservoir obtained according to the process.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the production of a reservoir, in particular a cryogenic reservoir, comprising two concentric envelopes respectively inner and outer delimiting between them an inter-wall space to be subjected to a so-called low working pressure, the inner envelope being intended to be subjected to a positive internal service pressure, the process comprising:
  • a first step calculating at least one minimum characteristic dimension of the inner envelope to satisfy at least one first safety constraint; a second step of calculating at least one minimum dimension characteristic of the outer envelope to satisfy at least one a second security constraint,
  • Cryogenic tanks generally consist of two concentric metal shells separated from one another by an inter-wall vacuum.
  • the vacuum inter-wall space is provided to thermally isolate the internal reservoir containing cold cryogenic fluid from the outside temperature to the reservoir which is warmer.
  • the working pressure within the inter-wall space is in general of the order of 10 -5 mbar.
  • An insulation called multilayer insulation is generally installed in this inter-wall space to optimize the insulation, in particular with regard to heat transfer by radiation.
  • Embedded liquid hydrogen tanks for automotive applications have relatively small sizes (typically between 60 and 200 liters capacities) and external diameters that must be compatible with their automotive integration (for example between 450 and 800 mm).
  • the operating pressure of the inner shell of these cryogenic tanks does not exceed 10 bar.
  • the inner envelope is classically sized (its thickness) with respect to the construction codes in force (for example PED or ASME) with important safety factors. That is, for example, the inner envelope must be able to withstand internal pressures of the order of four times the operating pressure before bursting.
  • the outer casing is dimensioned (its thickness) to be able to withstand an internal vacuum (internal pressure substantially zero). That is, the outer shell is dimensioned to withstand a buckling type force.
  • the envelopes are generally metallic and manufactured according to the known principle of rolling for ferrules and stamping for funds.
  • metal shells can be made by any other similar known method, for example by hydroforming.
  • Tanks of this type have a large mass which is critical especially for application in mass production on motor vehicles.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing a reservoir that overcomes all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
  • the method according to the invention which moreover conforms to the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the second safety constraint is the pressure resistance and the resistance to bursting of the outer casing for the service pressure provided for the inner casing and in that the first safety constraint is the bursting strength of the inner casing, said first safety stress being lower than the second constraint of security.
  • the second safety constraint is the holding of the outer casing to a maximum internal service pressure determined according to at least one standard or a construction code, according to a first coefficient of resistance.
  • the first safety constraint is the holding of the inner casing to a maximum internal service pressure determined according to at least one standard or a construction code and with a second coefficient of resistance lower than said first coefficient of resistance.
  • the second resistance coefficient corresponds to a breaking condition at a maximum internal operating pressure of the order of two times the value of the operating pressure of the inner envelope.
  • the first safety constraint is the holding of the inner envelope at a determined maximum internal service pressure which is lower than the second safety constraint of the outer envelope.
  • the minimum dimension characteristic of the inner envelope calculated during the first calculation step is the thickness of said envelope.
  • the minimum dimension characteristic of the outer envelope calculated during the second calculation step is the thickness of said envelope.
  • the building code (s) or codes include: the European PED Directive and / or the ASME building code or the CODAP building code or any other code or equivalent standard.
  • the reservoir in particular a cryogenic reservoir
  • the reservoir comprises two concentric shells delimiting between them an inter-wall space subjected to a so-called low pressure, the reservoir being obtained according to the process according to any one of the preceding characteristics.
  • the invention may include one or more of the following features:
  • the outer casing has a thickness dimensioned to satisfy an internal pressure resistance to bursting according to first conditions of use, and in that the inner casing has a thickness dimensioned to satisfy a pressure resistance internal to the bursting according to second conditions of use, the second conditions of use being lower in terms of pressure and / or safety compared to the first conditions of use.
  • the inner casing and / or the inner casing comprise stainless steel and / or aluminum.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a reservoir according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified sectional view of the tank of Figure 1 illustrating the main dimensions of a tank.
  • the cryogenic reservoir shown in FIG. 1 comprises a first internal envelope 1 intended to contain a fluid or a mixture of fluids 9, for example a mixture of liquid and gaseous hydrogen.
  • the reservoir 20 comprises a second outer envelope 3.
  • the outer envelope 3 is arranged concentrically around the inner envelope 1.
  • the two envelopes 1, 3 delimit between them an inter-wall space 2 in which there is a so-called low working pressure (a pressure for example of the order of 10 5 mbar).
  • the inter-wall space 2 contains means 5 forming a support for the inner tank 1.
  • the inter-wall space 2 also contains insulating means 4, such as a conductive multilayer or not.
  • the insulation means 4 comprise a multilayer comprising a combination of aluminized terephthalic polyethylene and sandpaper.
  • the reservoir 20 also comprises, opening into the inner casing 1: a filling tube 7, a gas withdrawal tube 6, a level probe 19 and a tube 8 for heating the liquid hydrogen contained in the reservoir in order to maintain the pressure of the latter during the withdrawal of gas via line 6.
  • the tank 20 is associated in known manner with a vacuum pump valve 10 and connected to a first device 11 for protecting the outer tank 3 against any excess pressure (eg discharge valve to the atmosphere).
  • the valve 10 vacuum pumping and also connected to a second device 12 for protecting the outer tank 3 against possible overpressures (discharge valve to the atmosphere or rupture disk for example).
  • Both protection devices 11, 12 are connected to vents 14 via an air line.
  • the Applicant has surprisingly and advantageously found that, in at least some cases, using standard calculation rules derived from pressure apparatus codes, the calculated thickness of an envelope for holding at a service pressure (for example 10 bar) is less than the thickness calculated for the same tank for a simple buckling with zero internal pressure and determined external pressure (external pressure for example 1 bar).
  • Table 1 shows a plurality of calculated thickness Eext (in mm) of an outer shell 3 to satisfy vacuum conditions.
  • the thicknesses are calculated respectively for a plurality of geometries: VINT internal volumes of 50 liters, 100 liters, 150 liters and 200 liters and external diameters DEXT respectively of 450, 500, 550, 600 and 650 mm.
  • the minimum thickness to meet vacuum pressure withstand conditions is 1.51 mm.
  • Table 2 represents a plurality of thickness Eext calculated (in mm) for these same outer shells to meet pressure resistance conditions (burst) according to the CODAP construction code. Calculations were made for a service pressure of 10 bar. Table 2:
  • the calculated thickness of an envelope for holding at an operating pressure is less than the thickness calculated for the same reservoir for simple buckling behavior.
  • the dimensioning criteria of the external envelope are grouped in Table 2bis below for each case:
  • the vacuum calculation (buckling behavior) gives a thickness greater than the calculation at the pressure.
  • the outer casing which must withstand a pressure of 1 bar outside also allows (lawfully) to withstand an internal pressure of 10 bar. Therefore, no extra thickness is required on these envelopes so that they also comply with the pressure vessel design code for the design pressure envisaged in the example of 10 bar.
  • the invention proposes to redefine the safety conditions governing the jacketed tanks by proposing that the outer casing is also dimensionally dimensioned to withstand the maximum operating pressure of the internal reservoir (bursting). instead of being specifically sized to withstand buckling resistance.
  • the inner envelope 1 which is considered as "the apparatus under pressure"
  • the outer envelope 3 the inner envelope 1 being then considered from a point of view of its resistance to regulations as a "mere accessory”.
  • the holding characteristics of the inner casing 1 can thus be calculated according to the invention not according to rules dictated by pressure device codes, but according to distinct rules with lower and less restrictive safety coefficients and without reduce the safety of the final tank 20. By applying these characteristics, the invention makes it possible to obtain thickness gains of the internal reservoir and therefore of mass for double-jacketed tanks.
  • the mass of the casing calculated to satisfy the vacuum safety condition is 33, 91 kg.
  • Table 4a represents the maximum of the stresses of Table 3 and 4, ie the mass of the tank holding both vacuum withstand constraints and pressure according to a calculation code.
  • the volume tank 100 liters and outer diameter 500 has a mass of 17.51 kg (because in this case, the constraint "empty" is dimensioning as recalled in Table 2a.
  • the mass of the casing 1 calculated to satisfy the pressure withstand condition is 28.80 kg.
  • the holding characteristics of the inner casing 1 can thus, according to the invention, be calculated with lower safety coefficients and less restrictive (see the example below in Table 6).
  • the mass of the "final" reservoir (only the two envelopes are considered) according to the prior art is therefore the sum of the calculated mass of the outer envelope 3 for a vacuum resistance (in kg) and the calculated mass of the inner casing 1 for pressure resistance (sum of the masses given in Tables 3 and 5 and given in Table 7).
  • the “total" mass of the reservoir obtained by the manufacturing method according to the invention is, in each case, the sum of the calculated mass of the outer shell 3 for a pressure resistance (Pcalcul 10 bar) and vacuum and the calculated mass of the inner envelope 1 for a pressure resistance (Pcalcul 10 bar) with reduced or degraded resistance coefficient (that is to say the sum of the masses of Tables 4a and 6 and given by the Table 8).
  • the tank according to the invention allows a mass gain of the order of 17.5% compared to the prior art without decreasing the safety characteristics of said tank (by simple comparison of the masses indicated in Tables 7 and 8.
  • Table 9 illustrates the percentage gains of masses obtained for each geometry according to the invention.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention allows gains in mass in almost all configurations.
  • the process according to the invention prior art may be preferred.
  • the method according to the invention may also comprise a step of comparing the calculated mass of the reservoir obtained according to the invention with respect to the mass of a reservoir obtained according to the prior art and a step of manufacturing the reservoir according to the invention. only when the calculated mass of the tank obtained according to the invention is less than or equal to the mass of a tank obtained according to the prior art.
  • the invention can be applied to any type of tank having two envelopes and regardless of the geometry of the tank having an external length LEXT, an outer diameter DEXT, an outer thickness Eext, an inner diameter DINT, an inner thickness Eint and an interior volume VINT (see Figure 2).
  • the invention applies to tanks whose inner casing and / or the inner casing is made of any type of stainless steel and / or aluminum or any other material.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a reservoir, in particular a cryogenic reservoir, provided with two concentric envelops (1, 3), i.e. the internal (1) and external (3), respectively, defining an interwall space (2) therebetween, wherein said internal space (2) is exposable to a reduced operational pressure and the internal envelop (1) is exposable to an internal positive process. The inventive method comprises a first step for calculating at least one minimum dimension characteristic of the internal envelop (1) for satisfying at least one first safety stress, a second step for calculating at least one minimum dimension characteristic of the external envelop (3) for satisfying at least one second safety stress, steps for producing the first and second envelops (1, 3) corresponding to the respective minimum dimensions calculated at the first and second steps, wherein said invention is characterised in that the second safety stress is the pressure resistance and burst resistance of the external envelop (3) for the process pressure specified for the internal envelop according to at least one standard or design rule. .

Description

Procédé de production d'un réservoir et réservoir obtenu selon le procédé Process for producing a reservoir and reservoir obtained according to the process
La présente invention concerne un procédé de production d'un réservoir, notamment cryogénique, ainsi qu'un réservoir obtenu selon le procédé.The present invention relates to a method for producing a reservoir, especially a cryogenic reservoir, and a reservoir obtained according to the process.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement la production d'un réservoir, notamment un réservoir cryogénique, comportant deux enveloppes concentriques respectivement intérieure et extérieure délimitant entre elles un espace inter-paroi destiné à être soumis à une pression de travail dite basse, l'enveloppe intérieure étant destinée à être soumise à une pression de service interne positive, le procédé comportant :The invention relates more particularly to the production of a reservoir, in particular a cryogenic reservoir, comprising two concentric envelopes respectively inner and outer delimiting between them an inter-wall space to be subjected to a so-called low working pressure, the inner envelope being intended to be subjected to a positive internal service pressure, the process comprising:
- une première étape calcul d'au moins une dimension minimale caractéristique de l'enveloppe intérieure pour satisfaire au moins une première contrainte de sécurité, - une seconde étape calcul d'au moins une dimension minimale caractéristique de l'enveloppe extérieure pour satisfaire au moins une seconde contrainte de sécurité,a first step calculating at least one minimum characteristic dimension of the inner envelope to satisfy at least one first safety constraint; a second step of calculating at least one minimum dimension characteristic of the outer envelope to satisfy at least one a second security constraint,
- des étapes de fabrication des enveloppes intérieure et extérieure satisfaisant respectivement aux dimensions minimales calculées lors des première et seconde étapes de calcul.- Manufacturing steps of the inner and outer envelopes respectively satisfying the minimum dimensions calculated during the first and second calculation steps.
Les réservoirs cryogéniques sont constitués en général de deux enveloppes métalliques concentriques séparées l'une de l'autre par une vide interparoi. L'espace inter-paroi sous vide est prévu pour isoler thermiquement le réservoir interne contenant le fluide cryogénique froid de la température extérieure au réservoir qui est plus chaude. La pression de travail au sein de l'espace interparoi est en général de l'ordre de 10"5 mbar.Cryogenic tanks generally consist of two concentric metal shells separated from one another by an inter-wall vacuum. The vacuum inter-wall space is provided to thermally isolate the internal reservoir containing cold cryogenic fluid from the outside temperature to the reservoir which is warmer. The working pressure within the inter-wall space is in general of the order of 10 -5 mbar.
Une isolation appelée isolation multicouche est en général installée dans cet espace inter-paroi pour optimiser l'isolation, en particulier en ce qui concerne les transferts thermiques par rayonnement. Les réservoirs d'hydrogène liquide embarqués pour des applications automobiles ont des tailles relativement restreintes (capacités typiquement comprises entre 60 et 200 litres) et des diamètres extérieurs qui doivent être compatibles avec leur intégration automobile (par exemple entre 450 et 800 mm). En général, la pression de service de l'enveloppe intérieure de ces réservoirs cryogéniques n'excède pas 10 bar. L'enveloppe intérieure est classiquement dimensionnée (son épaisseur) par rapport aux codes de constructions en vigueur (par exemple PED ou ASME) avec des coefficients de sécurité importants. C'est-à-dire que, par exemple, l'enveloppe intérieure doit pouvoir résister à des pressions intérieures de l'ordre de quatre fois la pression de service avant d'éclater.An insulation called multilayer insulation is generally installed in this inter-wall space to optimize the insulation, in particular with regard to heat transfer by radiation. Embedded liquid hydrogen tanks for automotive applications have relatively small sizes (typically between 60 and 200 liters capacities) and external diameters that must be compatible with their automotive integration (for example between 450 and 800 mm). In general, the operating pressure of the inner shell of these cryogenic tanks does not exceed 10 bar. The inner envelope is classically sized (its thickness) with respect to the construction codes in force (for example PED or ASME) with important safety factors. That is, for example, the inner envelope must be able to withstand internal pressures of the order of four times the operating pressure before bursting.
Classiquement l'enveloppe extérieure est dimensionnée (son épaisseur) pour pouvoir supporter un vide intérieur (pression interne sensiblement nulle). C'est-à-dire que l'enveloppe extérieure est dimensionnée pour résister à un effort de type flambage.Conventionally the outer casing is dimensioned (its thickness) to be able to withstand an internal vacuum (internal pressure substantially zero). That is, the outer shell is dimensioned to withstand a buckling type force.
Les enveloppes sont en général métalliques et fabriquées selon le principe connu de roulage pour les viroles et d'emboutissage pour les fonds. Bien entendu, de telles enveloppes métalliques peuvent être fabriquées selon tout autre procédé connu analogue, par exemple par hydroformage.The envelopes are generally metallic and manufactured according to the known principle of rolling for ferrules and stamping for funds. Of course, such metal shells can be made by any other similar known method, for example by hydroforming.
Les réservoirs de ce type présentent cependant une masse importante qui est critique notamment en vue d'une application en grande série sur des véhicules automobiles.Tanks of this type, however, have a large mass which is critical especially for application in mass production on motor vehicles.
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de production d'un réservoir qui pallie tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur relevés ci-dessus.An object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing a reservoir that overcomes all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
A cette fin, le procédé selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que la seconde contrainte de sécurité est la tenue en pression et la résistance à l'éclatement de l'enveloppe extérieure pour la pression de service prévue pour l'enveloppe intérieure et en ce que la première contrainte de sécurité est la résistance à l'éclatement de l'enveloppe intérieure, ladite première contrainte de sécurité étant inférieure à la seconde contrainte de sécurité.To this end, the method according to the invention, which moreover conforms to the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the second safety constraint is the pressure resistance and the resistance to bursting of the outer casing for the service pressure provided for the inner casing and in that the first safety constraint is the bursting strength of the inner casing, said first safety stress being lower than the second constraint of security.
Selon d'autres particularités : - la seconde contrainte de sécurité est la tenue de l'enveloppe extérieure à une pression interne maximale de service déterminée selon au moins une norme ou un code de construction, selon un premier coefficient de résistance. - la première contrainte de sécurité est la tenue de l'enveloppe intérieure à une pression interne maximale de service déterminée selon au moins une norme ou un code de construction et avec un second coefficient de résistance inférieur audit premier coefficient de résistance. - le second coefficient de résistance correspond à une condition de rupture à une pression interne maximale de service de l'ordre de deux fois la valeur de la pression de service de l'enveloppe intérieure.According to other features: the second safety constraint is the holding of the outer casing to a maximum internal service pressure determined according to at least one standard or a construction code, according to a first coefficient of resistance. - The first safety constraint is the holding of the inner casing to a maximum internal service pressure determined according to at least one standard or a construction code and with a second coefficient of resistance lower than said first coefficient of resistance. the second resistance coefficient corresponds to a breaking condition at a maximum internal operating pressure of the order of two times the value of the operating pressure of the inner envelope.
- la première contrainte de sécurité est la tenue de l'enveloppe intérieure à une pression interne maximale de service déterminée qui est inférieure à la seconde contrainte de sécurité de l'enveloppe extérieure.the first safety constraint is the holding of the inner envelope at a determined maximum internal service pressure which is lower than the second safety constraint of the outer envelope.
- la dimension minimale caractéristique de l'enveloppe intérieure calculée lors de la première étape calcul est l'épaisseur de ladite enveloppe.the minimum dimension characteristic of the inner envelope calculated during the first calculation step is the thickness of said envelope.
- la dimension minimale caractéristique de l'enveloppe extérieure calculée lors de la seconde étape calcul est l'épaisseur de ladite enveloppe. - la ou les normes ou codes de construction comprennent : la directive européenne PED et/ou le code de construction ASME ou le code de construction CODAP ou tout autre code ou norme équivalent.the minimum dimension characteristic of the outer envelope calculated during the second calculation step is the thickness of said envelope. - the building code (s) or codes include: the European PED Directive and / or the ASME building code or the CODAP building code or any other code or equivalent standard.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un réservoir, notamment cryogénique. Selon une particularité, le réservoir, notamment cryogénique, comporte deux enveloppes concentriques délimitant entre elles un espace inter-paroi soumis à une pression dite basse, le réservoir étant obtenu selon le procédé conforme à l'une quelconque des caractéristiques précédentes.Another object of the invention is to provide a reservoir, in particular a cryogenic reservoir. According to one feature, the reservoir, in particular a cryogenic reservoir, comprises two concentric shells delimiting between them an inter-wall space subjected to a so-called low pressure, the reservoir being obtained according to the process according to any one of the preceding characteristics.
Par ailleurs, l'invention peut comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :In addition, the invention may include one or more of the following features:
- l'enveloppe extérieure a une épaisseur dimensionnée pour satisfaire une tenue en pression interne à l'éclatement selon de premières conditions d'utilisation, et en ce que l'enveloppe intérieure a une épaisseur dimensionnée pour satisfaire une tenue en pression interne à l'éclatement selon de secondes conditions d'utilisation, les secondes conditions d'utilisation étant inférieure en terme de pression et/ou de sécurité par rapport aux premières conditions d'utilisation. - l'enveloppe intérieure et/ou l'enveloppe intérieure comportent de l'inox et/ou de l'aluminium.the outer casing has a thickness dimensioned to satisfy an internal pressure resistance to bursting according to first conditions of use, and in that the inner casing has a thickness dimensioned to satisfy a pressure resistance internal to the bursting according to second conditions of use, the second conditions of use being lower in terms of pressure and / or safety compared to the first conditions of use. the inner casing and / or the inner casing comprise stainless steel and / or aluminum.
D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles : - la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe schématique d'un exemple de réalisation d'un réservoir selon l'invention,Other features and advantages will appear on reading the following description, with reference to the figures in which: FIG. 1 represents a schematic sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a reservoir according to the invention,
- la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe simplifiée du réservoir de la figure 1 illustrant les dimensions principales d'un réservoir.- Figure 2 shows a simplified sectional view of the tank of Figure 1 illustrating the main dimensions of a tank.
Le réservoir 20 cryogénique représenté à la figure 1 comporte une première enveloppe intérieure 1 destinée à contenir un fluide ou un mélange de fluides 9, par exemple un mélange d'hydrogène liquide et gazeux.The cryogenic reservoir shown in FIG. 1 comprises a first internal envelope 1 intended to contain a fluid or a mixture of fluids 9, for example a mixture of liquid and gaseous hydrogen.
Le réservoir 20 comporte une seconde enveloppe extérieure 3. L'enveloppe extérieure 3 est disposée de façon concentrique autour de l'enveloppe 1 intérieure. Les deux enveloppes 1 , 3 délimitent entre elles un espace inter-paroi 2 dans lequel règne une pression de travail dite basse (une pression par exemple de l'ordre de105 mbar).The reservoir 20 comprises a second outer envelope 3. The outer envelope 3 is arranged concentrically around the inner envelope 1. The two envelopes 1, 3 delimit between them an inter-wall space 2 in which there is a so-called low working pressure (a pressure for example of the order of 10 5 mbar).
Classiquement, l'espace inter-paroi 2 contient des moyens 5 formant support du réservoir intérieur 1. L'espace inter-paroi 2 contient par ailleurs des moyens 4 d'isolation, tels qu'une multicouche conductrice ou non. Par exemple, les moyens 4 d'isolation comprennent une multicouche comportant une combinaison de polyéthylène téréphtalique aluminisé et de papier de verre.Conventionally, the inter-wall space 2 contains means 5 forming a support for the inner tank 1. The inter-wall space 2 also contains insulating means 4, such as a conductive multilayer or not. For example, the insulation means 4 comprise a multilayer comprising a combination of aluminized terephthalic polyethylene and sandpaper.
Classiquement, le réservoir 20 comprend également, débouchant dans l'enveloppe intérieure 1 : un tube de remplissage 7, un tube de soutirage de gaz 6, une sonde de niveau 19 et un tube 8 de réchauffage de l'hydrogène liquide contenu dans le réservoir afin de permettre un maintien en pression de celui-ci lors du soutirage de gaz par la ligne 6.Conventionally, the reservoir 20 also comprises, opening into the inner casing 1: a filling tube 7, a gas withdrawal tube 6, a level probe 19 and a tube 8 for heating the liquid hydrogen contained in the reservoir in order to maintain the pressure of the latter during the withdrawal of gas via line 6.
Le réservoir 20 est associé de façon connue à un clapet 10 de pompage de vide et relié à un premier dispositif 11 de protection du réservoir extérieur 3 contre d'éventuelles surpressions (clapet de décharge vers l'atmosphère par exemple). Le clapet 10 de pompage de vide et relié également à un second dispositif 12 de protection du réservoir extérieur 3 contre d'éventuelles surpressions (clapet de décharge vers l'atmosphère ou disque de rupture par exemple). Les deux dispositifs de protection 11 , 12 sont reliés à des évents 14 via une ligne de mise à l'air.The tank 20 is associated in known manner with a vacuum pump valve 10 and connected to a first device 11 for protecting the outer tank 3 against any excess pressure (eg discharge valve to the atmosphere). The valve 10 vacuum pumping and also connected to a second device 12 for protecting the outer tank 3 against possible overpressures (discharge valve to the atmosphere or rupture disk for example). Both protection devices 11, 12 are connected to vents 14 via an air line.
La demanderesse a remarqué de façon surprenante et avantageuse que, dans certains cas au moins, en utilisant des règles de calcul habituelles issues des codes d'appareil à pression, l'épaisseur calculée d'une enveloppe pour une tenue à une pression de service (par exemple 10 bar) est inférieure à l'épaisseur calculée pour ce même réservoir pour une simple tenue au flambage avec pression interne nulle et pression externe déterminée (pression externe par exemple de 1 bar).The Applicant has surprisingly and advantageously found that, in at least some cases, using standard calculation rules derived from pressure apparatus codes, the calculated thickness of an envelope for holding at a service pressure ( for example 10 bar) is less than the thickness calculated for the same tank for a simple buckling with zero internal pressure and determined external pressure (external pressure for example 1 bar).
Ceci est illustré plus en détail dans les tableaux 1 et 2 ci dessous.This is illustrated in more detail in Tables 1 and 2 below.
Le tableau 1 représente une pluralité d'épaisseur Eext calculées (en mm) d'une enveloppe extérieure 3 pour satisfaire des conditions de tenue au vide. Les épaisseurs sont calculées respectivement pour une pluralité de géométries : volumes intérieurs VINT de 50 litres, 100 litres, 150 litres et 200 litres et diamètres extérieurs DEXT respectivement de 450, 500, 550, 600 et 650 mm.Table 1 shows a plurality of calculated thickness Eext (in mm) of an outer shell 3 to satisfy vacuum conditions. The thicknesses are calculated respectively for a plurality of geometries: VINT internal volumes of 50 liters, 100 liters, 150 liters and 200 liters and external diameters DEXT respectively of 450, 500, 550, 600 and 650 mm.
Tableau 1 :Table 1:
C'est à dire que pour une enveloppe de 100 litres ayant un diamètre extérieur de 550 mm, l'épaisseur minimale pour respecter des conditions de tenue en pression au vide est de 1 ,51 mm.That is, for a 100 liter casing having an outside diameter of 550 mm, the minimum thickness to meet vacuum pressure withstand conditions is 1.51 mm.
Le tableau 2 ci-dessous représente une pluralité d'épaisseur Eext calculées (en mm) pour ces mêmes enveloppes extérieures pour satisfaire des conditions de tenue en pression (éclatement) selon le code de construction CODAP. Les calculs ont été réalisés pour une pression de service de 10 bar. Tableau 2 : Table 2 below represents a plurality of thickness Eext calculated (in mm) for these same outer shells to meet pressure resistance conditions (burst) according to the CODAP construction code. Calculations were made for a service pressure of 10 bar. Table 2:
Ainsi, on constate que dans certains cas, l'épaisseur calculée d'une enveloppe pour une tenue à une pression de service (par exemple 10 bar) est inférieure à l'épaisseur calculée pour ce même réservoir pour une simple tenue au flambage. Les critères dimensionnant de l'enveloppe externe (vide ou pression sont regroupés dans le tableau 2bis ci dessous pour chaque cas :Thus, it can be seen that in certain cases, the calculated thickness of an envelope for holding at an operating pressure (for example 10 bar) is less than the thickness calculated for the same reservoir for simple buckling behavior. The dimensioning criteria of the external envelope (vacuum or pressure are grouped in Table 2bis below for each case:
Tableau 2bis :Table 2bis:
Dans ce tableau, dans toutes les cases référencées « vide », le calcul au vide (tenue au flambage) donne une épaisseur supérieure au calcul à la pression. Ainsi, pour ces cas, l'enveloppe externe qui doit résister à une pression de 1 bar extérieur permet aussi (réglementairement) de résister à une pression interne de 10 bar. Par conséquent, aucune surépaisseur n'est requise sur ces enveloppes pour qu'elles soient aussi conformes au code de construction d'appareil à pression pour la pression de calcul envisagée dans l'exemple de 10 bar. A partir de cette information, l'invention se propose de redéfinir les conditions de sécurité régissant les réservoirs à double enveloppe en proposant que l'enveloppe extérieure soit aussi dimensionnée réglementairement pour supporter la pression maximale de service du réservoir interne (à l'éclatement) au lieu d'être dimensionnée spécifiquement pour supporter une résistance au flambage.In this table, in all the boxes referenced "vacuum", the vacuum calculation (buckling behavior) gives a thickness greater than the calculation at the pressure. Thus, for these cases, the outer casing which must withstand a pressure of 1 bar outside also allows (lawfully) to withstand an internal pressure of 10 bar. Therefore, no extra thickness is required on these envelopes so that they also comply with the pressure vessel design code for the design pressure envisaged in the example of 10 bar. From this information, the invention proposes to redefine the safety conditions governing the jacketed tanks by proposing that the outer casing is also dimensionally dimensioned to withstand the maximum operating pressure of the internal reservoir (bursting). instead of being specifically sized to withstand buckling resistance.
C'est-à-dire que ce n'est pas l'enveloppe intérieure 1 qui est considéré comme « l'appareil sous pression », mais l'enveloppe extérieure 3, l'enveloppe intérieure 1 étant alors considéré d'un point de vue de sa résistance vis-à-vis des règlements comme un « simple accessoire ». Les caractéristiques de tenue de l'enveloppe intérieure 1 peuvent ainsi être calculés selon l'invention non pas suivant des règles dictées par des codes d'appareil à pression, mais suivant des règles distinctes avec des coefficients de sécurité plus faibles et moins contraignants et sans diminuer pour autant la sécurité du réservoir 20 final. En appliquant ces caractéristiques, l'invention permet d'obtenir des gains d'épaisseur du réservoir interne et donc de masse pour des réservoirs à double enveloppe.That is to say, it is not the inner envelope 1 which is considered as "the apparatus under pressure", but the outer envelope 3, the inner envelope 1 being then considered from a point of view of its resistance to regulations as a "mere accessory". The holding characteristics of the inner casing 1 can thus be calculated according to the invention not according to rules dictated by pressure device codes, but according to distinct rules with lower and less restrictive safety coefficients and without reduce the safety of the final tank 20. By applying these characteristics, the invention makes it possible to obtain thickness gains of the internal reservoir and therefore of mass for double-jacketed tanks.
Des exemples de gain en masse de l'approche décrite ci-dessus peuvent être résumés par les tableaux 3 à 9 suivants. Ces tableaux 3 à 9 ont été obtenus pour l'exemple suivant : des enveloppes en inox AISI 316L (1.4404) et suivant le code de calcul d'épaisseur « CODAP », d=7,8 représentant la densité de l'acier en tonne par mètre cube.Examples of mass gain of the approach described above can be summarized by the following Tables 3 to 9. Tables 3 to 9 were obtained for the following example: AISI 316L stainless steel casings (1.4404) and according to the "CODAP" thickness calculation code, d = 7.8 representing the density of steel in tons per cubic meter.
Tableau 3 :Table 3:
Ainsi, pour une enveloppe extérieure en inox défini ci-dessus ayant un diamètre extérieur DEXT de 600 mm et un volume intérieur VINT de 200 litres, la masse de l'enveloppe calculée pour satisfaire la condition de sécurité de tenue au vide est de 33,91 kg. Thus, for a stainless steel outer casing defined above having an outside diameter DEXT of 600 mm and a VINT internal volume of 200 liters, the mass of the casing calculated to satisfy the vacuum safety condition is 33, 91 kg.
Tableau 4 :Table 4:
Ainsi, pour une enveloppe extérieure en inox défini ci-dessus ayant un diamètre extérieur DEXT de 600 mm et un volume intérieur VINT de 200 litres, la masse de l'enveloppe calculée pour satisfaire la condition de tenue en pression (pression de travail de 10 bar) est de 31 ,44 kg.Thus, for a stainless steel outer casing defined above having an external diameter DEXT of 600 mm and a VINT internal volume of 200 liters, the mass of the casing calculated to satisfy the pressure withstand condition (working pressure of 10 bar) is 31, 44 kg.
Tableau 4bisTable 4bis
Le tableau 4 bis représente le maximum des contraintes des tableau 3 et 4, c'est à dire la masse du réservoir tenant à la fois des contraintes de tenue en vide et à la pression selon un code de calcul. Ainsi le réservoir de volume 100 litres et de diamètre extérieur 500 a une masse de 17.51 kg (car dans ce cas, la contrainte « vide » est dimensionnante comme rappelé dans le tableau 2bis. Table 4a represents the maximum of the stresses of Table 3 and 4, ie the mass of the tank holding both vacuum withstand constraints and pressure according to a calculation code. Thus the volume tank 100 liters and outer diameter 500 has a mass of 17.51 kg (because in this case, the constraint "empty" is dimensioning as recalled in Table 2a.
Tableau 5 :Table 5:
Ainsi, pour une enveloppe intérieure en inox défini ci-dessus ayant un diamètre extérieur DEXT de 600 mm et un volume intérieur VINT de 200 litres, la masse de l'enveloppe 1 calculée pour satisfaire la condition de tenue en pression (pression de travail de 10 bar) est de 28,80 kg.Thus, for a stainless steel inner envelope defined above having a 600 mm outer diameter DEXT and a 200 liter internal volume VINT, the mass of the casing 1 calculated to satisfy the pressure withstand condition (working pressure of 10 bar) is 28.80 kg.
Du fait que l'enveloppe extérieure est dimensionnée pour satisfaire les conditions de sécurité en pression (éclatement notamment), les caractéristiques de tenue de l'enveloppe intérieure 1 peuvent ainsi, selon l'invention, être calculés avec des coefficients de sécurité plus faibles et moins contraignants (cf. l'exemple ci-dessous du tableau 6).Because the outer casing is dimensioned to satisfy the pressure safety conditions (bursting in particular), the holding characteristics of the inner casing 1 can thus, according to the invention, be calculated with lower safety coefficients and less restrictive (see the example below in Table 6).
Tableau 6 : Table 6:
Dans le tableau 6, la masse de l'enveloppe intérieure a été calculée de façon à satisfaire des conditions de tenue en pression avec un coefficient de rupture dégradé (égale à deux fois seulement la pression de service). A titre de comparaison, le coefficient de coefficient de rupture dit « normal » utilisé dans le tableau 5 est de l'ordre de 4 fois la pression de service (Pcalcul = 10 bar dans cet exemple).In Table 6, the mass of the inner casing was calculated to satisfy pressure withstand conditions with a degraded rupture coefficient (equal to only twice the operating pressure). For comparison, the coefficient of rupture coefficient called "normal" used in Table 5 is of the order of 4 times the operating pressure (Pcalcul = 10 bar in this example).
C'est-à-dire que pour une enveloppe intérieure 1 en inox défini ci-dessus ayant un diamètre extérieur DEXT de 600 mm et un volume intérieur VINT de 200 litres, la masse de l'enveloppe 1 calculée pour satisfaire la condition dégradée de tenue en pression (pression de travail de 10 bar) est de 17,78 kgThat is, for an inner stainless steel casing 1 defined above having an outer diameter DEXT of 600 mm and a internal volume VINT of 200 liters, the mass of casing 1 calculated to satisfy the degraded condition of pressure resistance (working pressure 10 bar) is 17.78 kg
La masse du réservoir « final » (seules les deux enveloppes sont considérées) selon l'art antérieur est donc la somme de la masse calculée de l'enveloppe externe 3 pour une tenue au vide (en kg) et de la masse calculée de l'enveloppe interne 1 pour une tenue en pression (somme des masses données par les tableaux 3 et 5 et donnée par le tableau 7).The mass of the "final" reservoir (only the two envelopes are considered) according to the prior art is therefore the sum of the calculated mass of the outer envelope 3 for a vacuum resistance (in kg) and the calculated mass of the inner casing 1 for pressure resistance (sum of the masses given in Tables 3 and 5 and given in Table 7).
Tableau 7 :Table 7:
Ainsi, pour un réservoir selon l'art antérieur ayant un diamètre extérieur DEXT de 600 mm et un volume intérieur VINT de 200 litres, la masse totale (l'enveloppe intérieure + enveloppe extérieure) est égale à 33,91 +28,80 = 62.71 kg. Thus, for a tank according to the prior art having an outside diameter DEXT of 600 mm and a VINT interior volume of 200 liters, the total mass (the inner envelope + outer envelope) is equal to 33.91 +28.80 = 62.71 kg.
En revanche, la masse « totale » du réservoir obtenu par le procédé de fabrication selon l'invention est, dans chaque cas, la somme de la masse calculée de l'enveloppe extérieure 3 pour une tenue en pression (Pcalcul 10 bar) et au vide et de la masse calculée de l'enveloppe intérieure 1 pour une tenue en pression (Pcalcul 10 bar) avec coefficient de résistance réduit ou dégradé (c'est-à-dire la somme des masses des tableaux 4bis et 6 et donnée par le tableau 8).On the other hand, the "total" mass of the reservoir obtained by the manufacturing method according to the invention is, in each case, the sum of the calculated mass of the outer shell 3 for a pressure resistance (Pcalcul 10 bar) and vacuum and the calculated mass of the inner envelope 1 for a pressure resistance (Pcalcul 10 bar) with reduced or degraded resistance coefficient (that is to say the sum of the masses of Tables 4a and 6 and given by the Table 8).
Tableau 8 :Table 8:
Ainsi, pour un réservoir selon l'invention ayant un diamètre extérieur DEXT de 600 mm et un volume intérieur VINT de 200 litres, la masse totale (l'enveloppe intérieure + enveloppe extérieure) est égale à 33.91 +17,78 = 51.69 kg.Thus, for a tank according to the invention having an outside diameter DEXT of 600 mm and a VINT interior volume of 200 liters, the total mass (the inner envelope + outer casing) is equal to 33.91 +17.78 = 51.69 kg.
Ainsi, le réservoir selon l'invention permet un gain en masse de l'ordre de 17.5% par rapport à l'art antérieur sans diminuer les caractéristiques de sécurité dudit réservoir (par simple comparaison des masses indiquées dans les tableau 7 et 8.Thus, the tank according to the invention allows a mass gain of the order of 17.5% compared to the prior art without decreasing the safety characteristics of said tank (by simple comparison of the masses indicated in Tables 7 and 8.
Le tableau 9 ci-dessous illustre les gains pourcentage de masses obtenus pour chaque géométrie selon l'invention.Table 9 below illustrates the percentage gains of masses obtained for each geometry according to the invention.
Tableau 9 : Table 9:
On constate que le procédé de fabrication selon l'invention permet des gains en masse dans presque toutes les configurations. Dans les cas où le procédé selon l'invention conduit à une augmentation de masse du réservoir, (DEXT = 550, 600 ou 650 litres et VINT= 50 litres ou DEXT = 650 litres et VINT= 100 litres), le procédé selon l'art antérieur peut être préféré. Le procédé selon l'invention peut également comporter une étape de comparaison de la masse calculée du réservoir obtenu selon l'invention par rapport à la masse d'un réservoir obtenu selon l'art antérieur et une étape de fabrication du réservoir selon l'invention uniquement lorsque la masse calculée du réservoir obtenu selon l'invention est inférieure ou égale à la masse d'un réservoir obtenu selon l'art antérieur.It is found that the manufacturing method according to the invention allows gains in mass in almost all configurations. In cases where the process according to the invention leads to an increase in the mass of the tank, (DEXT = 550, 600 or 650 liters and VINT = 50 liters or DEXT = 650 liters and VINT = 100 liters), the process according to the invention prior art may be preferred. The method according to the invention may also comprise a step of comparing the calculated mass of the reservoir obtained according to the invention with respect to the mass of a reservoir obtained according to the prior art and a step of manufacturing the reservoir according to the invention. only when the calculated mass of the tank obtained according to the invention is less than or equal to the mass of a tank obtained according to the prior art.
L'invention peut s'appliquer à tout type de réservoir ayant deux enveloppes et qu'elle que soit la géométrie du réservoir ayant une longueur extérieure LEXT, un diamètre extérieur DEXT, une épaisseur extérieure Eext, un diamètre intérieur DINT, une épaisseur intérieure Eint et un volume intérieur VINT (cf. figure 2).The invention can be applied to any type of tank having two envelopes and regardless of the geometry of the tank having an external length LEXT, an outer diameter DEXT, an outer thickness Eext, an inner diameter DINT, an inner thickness Eint and an interior volume VINT (see Figure 2).
L'invention s'applique aux réservoirs dont l'enveloppe intérieure et/ou l'enveloppe intérieure est constituée de tout type de nuances d'inox et/ou d'aluminium ou de tout autre matériau. The invention applies to tanks whose inner casing and / or the inner casing is made of any type of stainless steel and / or aluminum or any other material.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de production d'un réservoir, notamment un réservoir cryogénique, comportant deux enveloppes concentriques (1 , 3) respectivement intérieure (1) et extérieure (3) délimitant entre elles un espace inter-paroi (2) destiné à être soumis à une pression de travail dite basse, l'enveloppe intérieure (1 ) étant destinée à être soumise à une pression de service interne positive, le procédé comportant :1. A method of producing a reservoir, in particular a cryogenic reservoir, comprising two concentric envelopes (1, 3) respectively inner (1) and outer (3) delimiting between them an inter-wall space (2) intended to be subjected to a so-called low working pressure, the inner casing (1) being intended to be subjected to a positive internal service pressure, the method comprising:
- une première étape calcul d'au moins une dimension minimale caractéristique de l'enveloppe intérieure (1 ) pour satisfaire au moins une première contrainte de sécurité,a first step of calculating at least one minimum dimension characteristic of the inner envelope (1) to satisfy at least a first safety constraint,
- une seconde étape calcul d'au moins une dimension minimale caractéristique de l'enveloppe extérieure (3) pour satisfaire au moins une seconde contrainte de sécurité,a second step of calculating at least one minimum characteristic dimension of the outer envelope (3) to satisfy at least one second safety constraint,
- des étapes de fabrication des enveloppes intérieure (1 ) et extérieure (3) satisfaisant respectivement aux dimensions minimales calculées lors des première et seconde étapes de calcul, caractérisé en ce que la seconde contrainte de sécurité est la tenue en pression et la résistance à l'éclatement de l'enveloppe extérieure (1 ) pour la pression de service prévue pour l'enveloppe intérieure (1 ) et en ce que la première contrainte de sécurité est la résistance à l'éclatement de l'enveloppe intérieure, ladite première contrainte de sécurité étant inférieure à la seconde contrainte de sécurité.manufacturing steps of the inner (1) and outer (3) envelopes respectively satisfying the minimum dimensions calculated during the first and second calculation steps, characterized in that the second safety constraint is the pressure resistance and the resistance to bursting of the outer casing (1) for the operating pressure provided for the inner casing (1) and in that the first safety constraint is the burst resistance of the inner casing, said first constraint of security being lower than the second security constraint.
2. Procédé de production selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la seconde contrainte de sécurité est la tenue de l'enveloppe extérieure (3) à une pression interne maximale de service déterminée selon un premier coefficient de résistance défini par exemple selon au moins une norme ou un code de construction,.2. Production method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second safety stress is the holding of the outer casing (3) at a maximum internal operating pressure determined according to a first coefficient of resistance defined for example according to at least a standard or building code ,.
3. Procédé de production selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la première contrainte de sécurité est la tenue de l'enveloppe intérieure (1 ) à une pression interne maximale de service déterminée avec un second coefficient de résistance inférieur audit premier coefficient de résistance défini par exemple selon la même norme ou code de construction que pour la seconde contrainte. 3. Production method according to claim 2, characterized in that the first safety stress is the holding of the inner casing (1) at a maximum internal service pressure determined with a second coefficient of resistance lower than said first coefficient of resistance defined for example according to the same standard or construction code as for the second constraint.
4. Procédé de production selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le second coefficient de résistance correspond à une condition de rupture à une pression interne maximale de service de l'ordre de deux fois la valeur de la pression de service de l'enveloppe intérieure. 4. Production method according to claim 3, characterized in that the second resistance coefficient corresponds to a breaking condition at a maximum internal operating pressure of the order of twice the value of the operating pressure of the envelope interior.
5. Procédé de production selon l'une quelconque des revendicationsProduction method according to one of the claims
1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la première contrainte de sécurité est la tenue de l'enveloppe intérieure (1) à une pression interne maximale de service déterminée qui est inférieure à la seconde contrainte de sécurité de l'enveloppe extérieure (3). 1 to 4, characterized in that the first safety constraint is the holding of the inner casing (1) at a determined maximum internal operating pressure which is less than the second safety constraint of the outer casing (3).
6. Procédé de production selon l'une quelconque des revendications6. Production process according to any one of the claims
1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la dimension minimale caractéristique de l'enveloppe intérieure (1 ) calculée lors de la première étape calcul est l'épaisseur de ladite enveloppe (1 ).1 to 5, characterized in that the minimum characteristic dimension of the inner envelope (1) calculated during the first calculation step is the thickness of said envelope (1).
7. Procédé de production selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la dimension minimale caractéristique de l'enveloppe extérieure (3) calculée lors de la seconde étape calcul est l'épaisseur de ladite enveloppe (3).7. Production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the minimum dimension characteristic of the outer casing (3) calculated in the second calculation step is the thickness of said casing (3).
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe extérieure est constituée de matériau composite et comprend éventuellement un liner métallique et/ou plastique.8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the outer casing is made of composite material and optionally comprises a metal liner and / or plastic.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe intérieure est constituée de métal.9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner envelope is made of metal.
10. Réservoir, notamment cryogénique, comportant deux enveloppes concentriques (1 , 3) délimitant entre elles un espace interparoi (2) soumis à une pression dite basse, caractérisé en ce qu'il est obtenu selon le procédé conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.10. Tank, especially cryogenic, comprising two concentric shells (1, 3) delimiting between them an inter-wall space (2) subjected to a so-called low pressure, characterized in that it is obtained according to the method according to any one of the preceding claims.
11. Réservoir selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe extérieure (3) a une épaisseur dimensionnée pour satisfaire une tenue en pression interne à l'éclatement selon de premières conditions d'utilisation, et en ce que l'enveloppe intérieure (1 ) a une épaisseur dimensionnée pour satisfaire une tenue en pression interne à l'éclatement selon de secondes conditions d'utilisation, les secondes conditions d'utilisation étant inférieure en terme de pression et/ou de sécurité par rapport aux premières conditions d'utilisation.11. Tank according to claim 10, characterized in that the outer casing (3) has a thickness dimensioned to satisfy an internal pressure resistance burst according to first conditions of use, and in that the inner envelope (1) has a thickness dimensioned to satisfy an internal pressure resistance to bursting according to second conditions of use, the second conditions of use being lower in terms of pressure and / or safety compared to the first conditions of use.
12. Réservoir selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe intérieure (1 ) et/ou l'enveloppe intérieure (3) comportent de l'inox et/ou de l'aluminium et/ou un matériau composite. 12. Tank according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the inner casing (1) and / or the inner casing (3) comprise stainless steel and / or aluminum and / or a composite material.
EP06831288A 2005-11-10 2006-10-24 Method for producing a reservoir and the thus obtained reservoir Withdrawn EP1948992A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0553421A FR2893116B1 (en) 2005-11-10 2005-11-10 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A RESERVOIR AND RESERVOIR OBTAINED BY THE PROCESS
PCT/FR2006/051094 WO2007057589A1 (en) 2005-11-10 2006-10-24 Method for producing a reservoir and the thus obtained reservoir

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EP (1) EP1948992A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009516129A (en)
KR (1) KR20080068051A (en)
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NO332779B1 (en) * 2011-02-24 2013-01-14 Aker Engineering And Technology As Method of increasing the internal pressure of a pressure vessel
DE102014207300B4 (en) * 2014-04-16 2021-07-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a tank, in particular a motor vehicle tank

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JP2009516129A (en) 2009-04-16
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FR2893116B1 (en) 2009-11-20
KR20080068051A (en) 2008-07-22
US20090090725A1 (en) 2009-04-09

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