EP1942969A1 - Ventilateur autonome en boucle fermee - Google Patents

Ventilateur autonome en boucle fermee

Info

Publication number
EP1942969A1
EP1942969A1 EP06803532A EP06803532A EP1942969A1 EP 1942969 A1 EP1942969 A1 EP 1942969A1 EP 06803532 A EP06803532 A EP 06803532A EP 06803532 A EP06803532 A EP 06803532A EP 1942969 A1 EP1942969 A1 EP 1942969A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
constructed
patient
oxygen
carbon dioxide
sensors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06803532A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
William P. Wiesmann
Loland Alex Pranger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AutoMedx Inc
Original Assignee
AutoMedx Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AutoMedx Inc filed Critical AutoMedx Inc
Publication of EP1942969A1 publication Critical patent/EP1942969A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/01—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes specially adapted for anaesthetising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0051—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes with alarm devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/12—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0063—Compressors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A61M16/101—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement using an oxygen concentrator
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/22—Carbon dioxide-absorbing devices ; Other means for removing carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0015—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
    • A61M2016/0018—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical
    • A61M2016/0021—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A61M2016/102—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas
    • A61M2016/1025—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas the O2 concentration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A61M2016/102—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas
    • A61M2016/103—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas the CO2 concentration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A61M2016/102—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas
    • A61M2016/1035—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas the anaesthetic agent concentration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8206—Internal energy supply devices battery-operated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/40—Respiratory characteristics
    • A61M2230/43—Composition of exhalation
    • A61M2230/432—Composition of exhalation partial CO2 pressure (P-CO2)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/40—Respiratory characteristics
    • A61M2230/43—Composition of exhalation
    • A61M2230/435—Composition of exhalation partial O2 pressure (P-O2)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/40—Respiratory characteristics
    • A61M2230/43—Composition of exhalation
    • A61M2230/437—Composition of exhalation the anaesthetic agent concentration

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of the portable, closed loop ventilator system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
  • the present invention is directed to a closed-loop, self-contained portable ventilator that is utilized in far-forward and hospital environments.
  • a primary purpose of the present invention is to protect the medical personnel treating a patient from an exposure to dangerous substances that the patient may have been exposed to.
  • the closed loop system is an automated operation based on the ventilator system behavior and not based on user input. In this manner, the ventilator of the present system can optimize use of tanked air (oxygen or medical grade air mixtures).
  • the closed loop airway system operates at a higher pressure than ambient, thereby reducing operational stresses on the compressors/pumps utilized in the ventilator.
  • the self-contained ventilator is a device that is capable of operating external gas supplies while not requiring any other items to operate. While external power could be used, internal battery and/or pneumatic power would be sufficient for a duration of operation.
  • the ventilator of the present invention features a "no vent" mechanism where the ventilator does not vent patient exhaled air to the environment.
  • This embodiment of the present invention is particularly beneficial when the ventilator is utilized in environments where biological, chemical or nuclear exposure is suspected, thereby protecting caregivers from secondary exposure.
  • the exhaled air from the patient is not only analyzed after being exhaled (used to measure the effectiveness of ventilator) but is also recirculated and redelivered to the patient after removing substances harmful to the patient (at least CO 2 ).
  • the present invention may utilize a NBC filter and additional sources of oxygen and anesthesia from a tanked or other gas source (i.e. an oxygen concentrator system) may be utilized when the recirculated/redelivered fluid is deficient of the necessary components.
  • the ventilator of the present invention operates to keep small amounts of positive pressure in the patient's lungs on the exhalation phase, rather then returning to ambient pressure. Medical studies suggest that this feature provides beneficial ventilatory effects on the patient.
  • the present invention utilizes a microprocessor/microcontroller system MP that operates the overall delivery and operation of the ventilator.
  • the device as shown in figure 1, includes an oxygen source Ia and anesthesia source Ib. Oxygen and/or anesthesia are delivered separately into mixing chamber 2 and mixed in a desired proportion based on patient P needs.
  • Patient need is determined by keeping the fluid (gas) pressure within an acceptable limit (typically 1 psig, however higher for COPD patients), the per- breath volume within an acceptable range (typically 800 ml for an otherwise healthy adult, more for larger people, less for children and infants, etc.), and acceptable rate (typically 12 beats per minute, BPM), and acceptable maximum CO 2 concentration (typically 0.5%).
  • an acceptable limit typically 1 psig, however higher for COPD patients
  • the per- breath volume typically 800 ml for an otherwise healthy adult, more for larger people, less for children and infants, etc.
  • acceptable rate typically 12 beats per minute, BPM
  • acceptable maximum CO 2 concentration typically 0.5%).
  • the CO 2 maximum concentration can be expressed as a partial pressure of CO 2 and the O 2 concentration is above a minimum threshold (typically, 20%).
  • the desired oxygen concentration may be higher if the patient exhibits symptoms of shock.
  • the goal of increased oxygen concentration is to establish that a patient's oxygen saturation, as measured by a pulse oximeter or equivalent, or by blood gas measurements, is above a threshold (typically 98%, ideally 100%); thus the inclusion of a pulse oximeter sensor to the system for the purpose of CONTROL of oxygen delivery is desirable.
  • Anesthesia is determined by the amount of exhaled anesthesia measured in the patient's exhaled air.
  • oxygen from source Ia and/or anesthesia from source Ib can be individually delivered into mixing chamber 2, as determined by patient P needs.
  • Electronic, mechanical or pneumatic valves are used to control the (on/off) status of delivered fluid (gas) and/or the amount of gas (flow rate) that will be delivered.
  • Gas may be introduced by means of regulated flow (a valve opened a proportional amount based on need) or by pulsed flow (the valve opens then closes at regular or irregular intervals) necessary to achieve the overall required gas concentrations.
  • the microprocessor MP determines the amount of gas to add to the system based upon mathematical functions used to determine how much of that gas remains in the recirculation loop following delivery to the patient and how much of the tanked source must be added to achieve the desired system concentration.
  • the mixed or single gas is then transferred from the mixing chamber 2 into one of a plurality of compressors 3.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes two compressors, 3a and 3b. Once compressed, the fluid leaves the compressors 3 and is monitored through a plurality of sensors 4 to determine concentrations of various components.
  • an anesthesia sensor 4a monitors their respective components of the fluid.
  • the sensors 4a, 4b and 4c may be optical or chemical sensors. Specialized sensors are smaller and generally less expensive to implement.
  • the present invention can also utilize a spectrum analyzer (not shown) as a substitute for sensors 4a, 4b and 4c to ascertain the concentrations of each of these gasses (and others to be determined - such as chemical exposures) with a single device, as opposed to specialized sensors.
  • the spectrum analyzer requires processing time to compare the acquired spectrum against a database of known species absorbencies to determine which species and what the relative concentrations are.
  • sensors 7 monitor fluid characteristics.
  • sensors 7 include a second anesthesia sensor 7a, a second carbon dioxide sensor 7b and a second oxygen sensor 7c.
  • the sensors may be chemical or optical sensors discussed above.
  • the sensors 7a, 7b and 7c may be replaced by a spectrum analyzer (not shown) as also discussed above.
  • the fluid meets the necessary requirements, it is then passed through the mixing chamber 2, the compressors 3, the first sensors 4 and through the flutter valve 5 to the patient. If the fluid does not meet the necessary requirements, it is again diverted through scrubber 6 and second sensors 7 until the necessary requirements are met.
  • the ventilator of the present invention is closed loop, unless pressure is increased, a volume of air equivalent to that added from the O 2 source Ia and anesthesia source Ib, minus that removed by the CO 2 scrubber 6, needs to be removed from the closed loop system. Nominally, this can be accomplished by an additional microprocessor controlled or pressure relief valve (not shown) or a pump (not shown) pulling air from the system.
  • an additional microprocessor controlled or pressure relief valve not shown
  • a pump not shown
  • exhaled air/discharged air when an NBC exposure is suspected, must be captured in an air reservoir (not shown).
  • This reservoir can be either an expanding container and/or a pressure vessel of some sort. If a pressure vessel is used, a pump or compressor will be required to remove air from the close loop system and move it to the pressure vessel, as a valve will be insufficient.
  • the present invention may include pressure sensors (not shown) to detect blockages and prevent over inflating the patient.
  • Flow sensors may be used to verify that sufficient air is delivered to the patient.
  • the CO 2 sensors 4b and 7b may be used to verify that dangerous levels of CO 2 were not delivered to the patient.
  • O 2 sensors 4c and 7c may be used to ensure that minimum sustainable levels of oxygen are delivered to the patient.
  • sensors 4b, 4c, 7b and 7c can be utilized to detect whether patient exhaled air has increased concentrations of CO 2 to indicate whether there is a failure in the patient circuit setup, or patient expiration.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ventilateur en boucle fermée, portatif et autonome (1), utilisé dans des postes avancés et des antennes médicales. Le but premier de l'invention est de protéger le personnel médical traitant un patient (P) de l'exposition à des substances dangereuses auxquelles le patient (P) a été lui-même exposé.
EP06803532A 2005-09-13 2006-09-13 Ventilateur autonome en boucle fermee Withdrawn EP1942969A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71667405P 2005-09-13 2005-09-13
PCT/US2006/035719 WO2007033271A1 (fr) 2005-09-13 2006-09-13 Ventilateur autonome en boucle fermee

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1942969A1 true EP1942969A1 (fr) 2008-07-16

Family

ID=37594952

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06803532A Withdrawn EP1942969A1 (fr) 2005-09-13 2006-09-13 Ventilateur autonome en boucle fermee

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1942969A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007033271A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009062550A1 (fr) * 2007-11-14 2009-05-22 Maquet Critical Care Ab Appareil respiratoire anesthésique à contrôle amélioré d'agent anesthésique
WO2010005343A2 (fr) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-14 Marat Vadimovich Evtukhov Détecteur d'anomalie dans une boucle respiratoire de recycleur
CN102361661B (zh) 2009-03-23 2015-09-02 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 气体混合控制装置和方法
NL1037373C2 (nl) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-11 Alcmair Partners B V Inrichting voor het beademen van patienten.
US8770192B2 (en) * 2011-01-10 2014-07-08 General Electric Company System and method of preventing the delivery of hypoxic gases to a patient
US9233218B2 (en) 2011-01-10 2016-01-12 General Electric Comapny System and method of controlling the delivery of medical gases to a patient

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6131571A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-10-17 University Of Florida Ventilation apparatus and anesthesia delivery system
US6002133A (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-12-14 Datex-Ohmeda, Inc. Serviceable absorbent for gas spectrometer interior
SE9800276L (sv) * 1998-01-30 1999-07-31 Vimed Hb Förfarande för blandning jämte blandningsanordning
SE9803684D0 (sv) * 1998-10-27 1998-10-27 Siemens Elema Ab Narkosapparat
GB2338902B (en) * 1999-07-21 2000-05-24 Falah Hasan Ali Modified micro ventillation anaesthetic circuit
AU2002334982A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-05-04 William S. Lovell Self-powered, wearable personal air purifier for breathing and body protection

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007033271A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007033271A1 (fr) 2007-03-22

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