EP1936039A1 - Method of strengthening foundations comprising a slab buried in the ground, in particular foundations for pylons, and structure obtained - Google Patents

Method of strengthening foundations comprising a slab buried in the ground, in particular foundations for pylons, and structure obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1936039A1
EP1936039A1 EP07122090A EP07122090A EP1936039A1 EP 1936039 A1 EP1936039 A1 EP 1936039A1 EP 07122090 A EP07122090 A EP 07122090A EP 07122090 A EP07122090 A EP 07122090A EP 1936039 A1 EP1936039 A1 EP 1936039A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
foundation
slab
trench
wall
soil
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Granted
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EP07122090A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1936039B1 (en
Inventor
Bruno Renoud-Lias
Julien Landrot
Serge Borel
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Compagnie du Sol SARL
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Priority to PL07122090T priority Critical patent/PL1936039T3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D37/00—Repair of damaged foundations or foundation structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of reinforcing pylon foundations, including but not limited to electric pylons for high voltage power lines and a reinforcing structure.
  • the foundations of pylons are most often made of concrete massifs, generally of cylindrical or rectangular shape and formed of a chimney surmounting one or more horizontal slabs whose sections increase with the depth.
  • the depth of the lower slab typically ranges from 1.5 m to 5 m below the surface of the natural terrain.
  • a redan is sometimes dug in the natural soil.
  • the solution usually implemented is to install micropiles which are bonded to the existing foundation block by means of a slab or a reinforced concrete beam.
  • the patent application FR 2 881 448 gives an example of reinforcement devices of the type mentioned above.
  • micro-piles are sized to take up all the efforts of the structure thus ignoring the contribution of the existing superficial foundation. Indeed, the behavior of the micro-piles is generally much steeper than that of the massif and in the majority of cases we can no longer consider the share of load taken up by the superficial massif.
  • a first object of the present invention is to propose a method of reinforcing tower foundations that is simpler to implement and more efficient compared to the cost of the work undertaken, while avoiding weakening the foundation during the reinforcement operations.
  • the foundation When subjected to compressive forces, the foundation resists by transferring the load of the structure by pressure on the ground under the lower flange of the massif.
  • the figure 1 annexed illustrates how the foundation resists the foundation when it is subject to pull-out efforts.
  • the natural soil 10 with its surface S. It is also shown the foundation 12 consists of the horizontal slabs 14 and 16 and its chimney 18 on the upper face 18a which is fixed pylon. In this figure, the embankment 20 has also been shown in the ground, which must be put back in place after the foundation 12 has been made.
  • the foundation mass resists by its own weight increased by the weight of a cone of land represented by the lines 22 overlying the lower flange, cone whose volume depends essentially on the mechanical characteristics of the ground.
  • the invention is based on the principle that consists of earthworks to increase the volume of soil that will withstand the stripping efforts applied to the foundation 12 while limiting the work to the maximum and also limiting, during these works, the reduction of the lift and finally adapting to the restrictions of possibility of intervention due to the conditions of access under the structure carried by the foundation mass.
  • a further object of the invention is that this process requires only a small amount of external material.
  • the wall or the vertical walls (s) made in the ground which cooperates (s) mechanically with the foundation increases (s) the volume of terrain participating in the resistance to tearing forces that can be applied to the pylons and therefore to the foundation, because of their size.
  • the method comprises the realization of vertical trenches whose dimensions can be relatively small while providing a very significant improvement in resistance to tearing forces.
  • the trench or trenches is (are) carried out by adding at least partly a hydraulic binder.
  • vertical wall in the ground is meant a work of art consisting of a resistant material buried in the ground whose height is very substantially greater than its width.
  • the soil is cut to make this trench and the cut soil is mixed with a hydraulic binder to obtain a resistant wall in the soil.
  • the layout of the wall or walls relative to the contour of the slab of the foundation can take different forms as soon as this wall cooperates mechanically with the foundation.
  • the walls can in particular be arranged on either side of the foundation chimney or not to pass through this chimney but of course intersect the slab of the foundation.
  • the width of the trench and therefore of the wall is between 20 and 50 cm.
  • the width of the trench that is to say of the wall is less than a quarter of the width of the slab.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a reinforcement structure of a foundation of the type obtained by the implementation of the method.
  • the reinforcing structure of a foundation is characterized in that it comprises at least one mechanically strong vertical wall made in the ground, the layout of said wall, in horizontal projection, intersecting said foundation slab to mechanically cooperate with said foundation, a portion of said wall extending beyond the contour of said slab.
  • this foundation 12 is constituted by horizontal slabs 14 and 16 and by the chimney 18.
  • the method consists in producing one or more resistant walls buried in the ground which cooperates with the foundation and which makes it possible to increase the volume of soil very substantially. natural participation in resistance to pullout efforts.
  • the volume of natural soil that will participate in the resistance to pulling forces is not only that which is disposed above the slabs 14 and 16, but also the volume of soil which cooperates with the two walls 26 and 28. This allows for a total area of walls to obtain a very significant increase in the volume of soil participating in the resistance to pulling forces because the walls extend beyond the outline of the slab.
  • the width 1 of the walls 26 and 28 is much smaller than the dimensions L and L 'of the slab of the foundation. Typically, this width is of the order of 20 to 50 cm and in any case much less than a quarter of the dimensions L and L 'of the foundation.
  • each wall 26, 28 is such that a portion of the wall extends beyond the contour of the slab.
  • a technique which consists in cutting a trench 26 ', 28' in the ground whose shape corresponds to that of the wall to be produced and, while making this cut, mix the cut soil with a suitable hydraulic binder.
  • This technique is in itself perfectly known and called “soil mixing" in the Anglo-Saxon language. There is therefore no need to describe it in more detail.
  • the amount of hydraulic binder depends on the nature of the soil in place and the mechanical characteristics that one wants to obtain for the mixture soil / hydraulic binder. This amount typically varies from 75 kg / m 3 to 400 kg / m 3 of soil in place. Preferably, this amount is between 125 kg / m 3 and 250 kg / m 3 .
  • the binder can be introduced either wet, that is to say in the form of a grout injected at the mixing tool, or dry, that is to say in powder form, arranged on the ground surface in a pretrench or injected at the tool into a compressed air flow.
  • This tool is constituted by a mobile machine 30 preferably provided with tracks 32 whose platform is equipped with a mechanical arm 36 at the end 36a of which is mounted the tool 38 for cutting the soil and mixing it. ci with the hydraulic binder.
  • the tool 38 is constituted by an endless chain 40 carrying cutting lugs 42 and mixing elements 44.
  • the central structure 46 of the tool further comprises a pipe 48 for injecting into the ground the hydraulic binder.
  • This pipe 48 comprises one or more injection nozzles such as 50 distributed over the entire height of the tool.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C show different possible shapes for the foundation reinforcement wall 12.
  • FIG. 3A there are three walls 40, 42 and 44 which are arranged radially with respect to the chimney 18 of the foundation and mutually offset by 120 degrees.
  • trenches and walls show that the method which is the subject of the invention can adapt very easily to the various obstacles that may occur near the foundation to be reinforced. They also show that it is possible to adapt the reinforcement elements to the preferred directions of pull-out efforts that can be applied to the foundation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves forming vertical edge (24') in the ground, where the vertical edge has trace intersecting a part of horizontal slabs (14, 16), and a width lower than horizontal dimensions of the slabs. The height of the edge is higher than its width, and a part of the edge extends beyond a boundary of the slabs. The vertical edge is filled with a material having a hydraulic binder to form resistant walls (26, 28) in the ground, where the resistant wall is mechanically connected with the slabs. An independent claim is also included for a structure for reinforcing a foundation of a gate post.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de renforcement de fondations de pylônes, notamment mais non exclusivement de pylônes électriques pour les lignes électriques à haute tension et une structure de renforcement.The present invention relates to a method of reinforcing pylon foundations, including but not limited to electric pylons for high voltage power lines and a reinforcing structure.

Les fondations de pylônes sont le plus souvent constituées de massifs enterrés en béton, généralement de forme cylindrique ou rectangulaire et formés d'une cheminée surmontant une ou plusieurs dalles horizontales dont les sections vont en augmentant avec la profondeur. La profondeur de la dalle inférieure varie typiquement de 1,5 m à 5 m sous la surface du terrain naturel. Afin d'améliorer l'ancrage de la fondation, un redan est parfois creusé dans le sol naturel.The foundations of pylons are most often made of concrete massifs, generally of cylindrical or rectangular shape and formed of a chimney surmounting one or more horizontal slabs whose sections increase with the depth. The depth of the lower slab typically ranges from 1.5 m to 5 m below the surface of the natural terrain. To improve the anchoring of the foundation, a redan is sometimes dug in the natural soil.

Plusieurs raisons peuvent motiver le renforcement des fondations de pylônes déjà existantes. Par exemple, on peut citer :

  • la modification des règles de calcul, en particulier pour prendre en compte des cas de calcul plus sévères (par exemple des rafales de vent lors d'une tempête) ;
  • la modification des conditions d'exploitation de la fondation (par exemple une augmentation du poids des câbles portés par les pylônes supportant les lignes électriques) ; ou
  • la découverte qu'une fondation a une géométrie réelle qui diffère de la géométrie théorique.
Several reasons can motivate the reinforcement of existing pylon foundations. For example, we can mention:
  • the modification of the calculation rules, in particular to take into account more severe calculation cases (for example gusts of wind during a storm);
  • the modification of the operating conditions of the foundation (for example an increase in the weight of the cables carried by the towers supporting the power lines); or
  • the discovery that a foundation has a real geometry that differs from theoretical geometry.

Pour résoudre ce problème, la solution habituellement mise en oeuvre consiste à installer des micro-pieux qui sont liaisonnés avec le massif de fondation existant au moyen d'une dalle ou d'une poutre en béton armé. La demande de brevet FR 2 881 448 donne un exemple de dispositifs de renforcement du type mentionné ci-dessus.To solve this problem, the solution usually implemented is to install micropiles which are bonded to the existing foundation block by means of a slab or a reinforced concrete beam. The patent application FR 2 881 448 gives an example of reinforcement devices of the type mentioned above.

En général, les micro-pieux sont dimensionnés pour reprendre l'ensemble des efforts de la structure ignorant ainsi la contribution de la fondation superficielle existante. En effet, le comportement du micro-pieux est généralement beaucoup plus raide que celui du massif et dans la majorité des cas on ne peut plus considérer la part de charge reprise par le massif superficiel.In general, the micro-piles are sized to take up all the efforts of the structure thus ignoring the contribution of the existing superficial foundation. Indeed, the behavior of the micro-piles is generally much steeper than that of the massif and in the majority of cases we can no longer consider the share of load taken up by the superficial massif.

Lorsque les nouveaux efforts ne diffèrent pas très significativement des efforts pour lesquels la fondation a été dimensionnée, il est judicieux de renforcer la fondation existante en la combinant avec un dispositif complémentaire destiné à reprendre uniquement le déficit de portance. C'est en particulier le cas pour les efforts à l'arrachement où il s'agit souvent d'augmenter de 10 à 30 % la résistance à l'arrachement ou encore de l'augmenter l'ordre d'une dizaine de tonnes.When the new efforts do not differ very significantly from the efforts for which the foundation has been sized, it is advisable to strengthen the existing foundation by combining it with a complementary device intended to take over only the lift deficit. This is particularly the case for pull-out efforts where it is often necessary to increase the pull-out strength by 10 to 30% or to increase it by around 10 tonnes.

Un premier objet de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de renforcement de fondation de pylônes qui soit plus simple de mise en oeuvre et d'une efficacité plus grande par rapport au coût des travaux engagés, tout en évitant de fragiliser la fondation pendant les opérations de renforcement.A first object of the present invention is to propose a method of reinforcing tower foundations that is simpler to implement and more efficient compared to the cost of the work undertaken, while avoiding weakening the foundation during the reinforcement operations.

L'invention est basée sur les observations suivantes :The invention is based on the following observations:

Lorsqu'elle est soumise à des efforts de compression, la fondation résiste en transférant la charge de la structure par une pression sur le terrain situé sous la semelle inférieure du massif.When subjected to compressive forces, the foundation resists by transferring the load of the structure by pressure on the ground under the lower flange of the massif.

La figure 1 annexée illustre la façon dont résiste la fondation lorsque celle-ci est soumise à des efforts d'arrachement.The figure 1 annexed illustrates how the foundation resists the foundation when it is subject to pull-out efforts.

Sur cette figure, on a représenté le sol naturel 10 avec sa surface S. On y a fait figurer également la fondation 12 constituée par les dalles horizontales 14 et 16 et par sa cheminée 18 sur la face supérieure 18a de laquelle est fixé le pylône. Sur cette figure, on a également représenté dans le sol le remblai 20 qui doit être remis en place après la réalisation de la fondation 12.In this figure, there is shown the natural soil 10 with its surface S. It is also shown the foundation 12 consists of the horizontal slabs 14 and 16 and its chimney 18 on the upper face 18a which is fixed pylon. In this figure, the embankment 20 has also been shown in the ground, which must be put back in place after the foundation 12 has been made.

Il s'avère que soumis à des efforts d'arrachement, le massif de fondation résiste par son poids propre augmenté du poids d'un cône de terrain représenté par les lignes 22 surmontant la semelle inférieure, cône dont le volume dépend essentiellement des caractéristiques mécaniques du sol.It turns out that subjected to tearing efforts, the foundation mass resists by its own weight increased by the weight of a cone of land represented by the lines 22 overlying the lower flange, cone whose volume depends essentially on the mechanical characteristics of the ground.

L'invention est basée sur le principe qui consiste par des travaux de terrassement à augmenter le volume de sol qui va résister aux efforts d'arrachement appliqués à la fondation 12 tout en limitant ces travaux au maximum et en limitant également, pendant ces travaux, la réduction de la portance et enfin en s'adaptant aux restrictions de possibilité d'intervention dues aux conditions d'accès sous la structure portée par le massif de fondation. Un but supplémentaire de l'invention est que ce procédé ne nécessite que peu d'apport de matériau extérieur.The invention is based on the principle that consists of earthworks to increase the volume of soil that will withstand the stripping efforts applied to the foundation 12 while limiting the work to the maximum and also limiting, during these works, the reduction of the lift and finally adapting to the restrictions of possibility of intervention due to the conditions of access under the structure carried by the foundation mass. A further object of the invention is that this process requires only a small amount of external material.

Pour atteindre ce but selon l'invention, le procédé de renforcement de fondations notamment pour pylônes, lesdites fondations comportant au moins une dalle sensiblement horizontale enfouie dans le sol, se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :

  1. a) on réalise au moins une tranchée verticale dans le sol dont le tracé intersecte une partie de ladite dalle, ladite tranchée ayant une largeur très inférieure aux dimensions horizontales de ladite dalle et une hauteur supérieure à sa largeur et, en projection horizontale, une partie de ladite tranchée s'étendant au-delà du contour de ladite dalle ; et
  2. b) on remplit ladite tranchée avec un matériau comprenant au moins en partie un liant hydraulique pour former dans le sol une paroi résistante mécaniquement reliée à ladite dalle.
To achieve this object according to the invention, the method of reinforcing foundations, in particular for pylons, said foundations comprising at least one substantially horizontal slab buried in the ground, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  1. a) at least one vertical trench is produced in the ground, the alignment of which intersects a portion of said slab, said trench having a width much smaller than the horizontal dimensions of said slab and a height greater than its width and, in horizontal projection, a portion said trench extending beyond the contour of said slab; and
  2. b) filling said trench with a material comprising at least partly a hydraulic binder to form in the soil a strong wall mechanically connected to said slab.

On comprend que la paroi ou les parois verticale(s) réalisée(s) dans le sol qui coopère(nt) mécaniquement avec la fondation augmente(nt) le volume de terrain participant à la résistance aux efforts d'arrachement susceptibles d'être appliqués aux pylônes et donc à la fondation, en raison de leurs dimensions.It is understood that the wall or the vertical walls (s) made in the ground which cooperates (s) mechanically with the foundation increases (s) the volume of terrain participating in the resistance to tearing forces that can be applied to the pylons and therefore to the foundation, because of their size.

En outre, le procédé comprend la réalisation de tranchées verticales dont les dimensions peuvent être relativement réduites tout en conférant une amélioration très sensible de la résistance aux efforts d'arrachement. De plus, selon l'invention, la ou les tranchées est(sont) réalisée(s) en ajoutant au moins en partie un liant hydraulique.In addition, the method comprises the realization of vertical trenches whose dimensions can be relatively small while providing a very significant improvement in resistance to tearing forces. In addition, according to the invention, the trench or trenches is (are) carried out by adding at least partly a hydraulic binder.

Par paroi verticale dans le sol, il faut entendre un ouvrage d'art constitué par un matériau résistant enfoui dans le sol dont la hauteur est très sensiblement supérieure à sa largeur.By vertical wall in the ground, is meant a work of art consisting of a resistant material buried in the ground whose height is very substantially greater than its width.

De préférence, pour réaliser l'élément de renforcement on découpe le sol pour réaliser cette tranchée et on mélange le sol découpé avec un liant hydraulique pour obtenir une paroi résistante dans le sol.Preferably, to produce the reinforcing element the soil is cut to make this trench and the cut soil is mixed with a hydraulic binder to obtain a resistant wall in the soil.

Cette technique de mélange in situ du sol découpé avec un liant hydraulique sans extraction du sol découpé de la tranchée est habituellement appelée "soil mixing".This technique of in situ mixing of the soil cut with a hydraulic binder without extraction of the cut soil of the trench is usually called "soil mixing".

Le tracé de la paroi ou des parois par rapport au contour de la dalle de la fondation peut prendre différentes formes dès lors que cette paroi coopère mécaniquement avec la fondation.The layout of the wall or walls relative to the contour of the slab of the foundation can take different forms as soon as this wall cooperates mechanically with the foundation.

Les parois peuvent en particulier être disposées de part et d'autre de la cheminée de la fondation ou ne pas passer par cette cheminée mais bien sûr intersecter la dalle de la fondation.The walls can in particular be arranged on either side of the foundation chimney or not to pass through this chimney but of course intersect the slab of the foundation.

De préférence, la largeur de la tranchée et donc de la paroi est comprise entre 20 et 50 cm.Preferably, the width of the trench and therefore of the wall is between 20 and 50 cm.

Plus généralement, de préférence, la largeur de la tranchée, c'est-à-dire de la paroi est inférieure au quart de la largeur de la dalle.More generally, preferably, the width of the trench, that is to say of the wall is less than a quarter of the width of the slab.

Un deuxième objet de l'invention est de fournir une structure de renforcement d'une fondation du type obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du procédé.A second object of the invention is to provide a reinforcement structure of a foundation of the type obtained by the implementation of the method.

La structure de renforcement d'une fondation, notamment pour pylônes, ladite fondation comportant au moins une dalle sensiblement horizontale, se caractérise en ce qu'elle comprend au moins une paroi verticale mécaniquement résistante réalisée dans le sol, le tracé de ladite paroi, en projection horizontale, intersectant ladite dalle de la fondation pour coopérer mécaniquement avec ladite fondation, une partie de ladite paroi s'étendant au-delà du contour de ladite dalle.The reinforcing structure of a foundation, especially for pylons, said foundation comprising at least one substantially horizontal slab, is characterized in that it comprises at least one mechanically strong vertical wall made in the ground, the layout of said wall, in horizontal projection, intersecting said foundation slab to mechanically cooperate with said foundation, a portion of said wall extending beyond the contour of said slab.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit de plusieurs modes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux figures annexées, sur lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 déjà décrire illustre le principe de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un premier exemple de renforcement de fondation ;
  • la figure 2A est une vue de dessus d'un premier mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé représenté sur la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 2B est une coupe dans le sol montrant les moyens de renforcement de la figure 2A ;
  • la figures 3A, 3B et 3C montrent des formes possibles de tranchées et de parois pour réaliser le système de renforcement de la fondation ;
  • la figure 4 illustre les possibilités fournies par le procédé objet de l'invention pour renforcer une structure tétrapode de fondations pour un pylône électrique en treillis ; et
  • les figures 5A et 5B illustrent l'utilisation d'un outil permettant de réaliser les tranchées et parois nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre du procédé.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the following description of several embodiments of the invention given as non-limiting examples. The description refers to the appended figures, in which:
  • the figure 1 already describe illustrates the principle of the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a perspective view of a first example of foundation reinforcement;
  • the Figure 2A is a view from above of a first embodiment of the method shown in FIG. figure 2 ;
  • the Figure 2B is a cut in the ground showing the means of strengthening the Figure 2A ;
  • the FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C show possible shapes of trenches and walls to make the foundation reinforcement system;
  • the figure 4 illustrates the possibilities provided by the method according to the invention for reinforcing a tetrapod structure of foundations for a trellis electrical pylon; and
  • the Figures 5A and 5B illustrate the use of a tool for making the trenches and walls necessary for the implementation of the method.

En se référant tout d'abord aux figures 2, 2A et 2B, on va décrire un premier exemple de mise en oeuvre du procédé de renforcement de la fondation. Sur ces figures, cette fondation 12 est constituée par des dalles horizontales 14 et 16 et par la cheminée 18.Referring first to figures 2 , 2A and 2B a first example of implementation of the method of strengthening the foundation. In these figures, this foundation 12 is constituted by horizontal slabs 14 and 16 and by the chimney 18.

Ainsi qu'on l'a déjà expliqué, le procédé consiste à réaliser une ou plusieurs parois résistante(s) enfouie(s) dans le sol qui coopère(nt) avec la fondation et qui permet d'augmenter très sensiblement le volume de sol naturel participant à la résistance aux efforts d'arrachement.As already explained, the method consists in producing one or more resistant walls buried in the ground which cooperates with the foundation and which makes it possible to increase the volume of soil very substantially. natural participation in resistance to pullout efforts.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur les figures 2, 2A, 2B, on trouve deux parois 26 et 28 alignées et disposées de part et d'autre de la cheminée 18, la partie inférieure 26a, 28a des parois coopérant avec les dalles horizontales 14 et 16. Il pourrait, bien sûr, y avoir plusieurs parois.In the example shown on the figures 2 , 2A, 2B there are two walls 26 and 28 aligned and disposed on either side of the chimney 18, the lower portion 26a, 28a of the walls cooperating with the horizontal slabs 14 and 16. It could, of course, be several walls.

On comprend ainsi que le volume de sol naturel qui va participer à la résistance aux efforts d'arrachement est non seulement celui qui est disposé au-dessus des dalles 14 et 16, mais également le volume de sol qui coopère avec les deux parois 26 et 28. Cela permet pour une surface totale de parois d'obtenir un accroissement très sensible du volume de sol participant à la résistance aux efforts d'arrachement du fait que les parois s'étendent au-delà du contour de la dalle.It is thus understood that the volume of natural soil that will participate in the resistance to pulling forces is not only that which is disposed above the slabs 14 and 16, but also the volume of soil which cooperates with the two walls 26 and 28. This allows for a total area of walls to obtain a very significant increase in the volume of soil participating in the resistance to pulling forces because the walls extend beyond the outline of the slab.

Dans tous les cas, la largeur 1 des parois 26 et 28 est très inférieure aux dimensions L et L' de la dalle de la fondation. Typiquement, cette largeur est de l'ordre de 20 à 50 cm et de toute manière très inférieure au quart des dimensions L et L' de la fondation.In all cases, the width 1 of the walls 26 and 28 is much smaller than the dimensions L and L 'of the slab of the foundation. Typically, this width is of the order of 20 to 50 cm and in any case much less than a quarter of the dimensions L and L 'of the foundation.

En revanche, la longueur L1, L2 de chaque paroi 26, 28 est telle qu'une partie de la paroi d'étend au-delà du contour de la dalle.In contrast, the length L1, L2 of each wall 26, 28 is such that a portion of the wall extends beyond the contour of the slab.

De préférence, pour réaliser les parois mécaniquement résistantes 26, 28, on utilise une technique qui consiste à découper une tranchée 26', 28' dans le sol dont la forme correspond à celle de la paroi à réaliser et, tout en réalisant cette découpe, à mélanger le sol découpé avec un liant hydraulique convenable. Cette technique est en soi parfaitement connue et appelée "soil mixing" en langue anglo-saxonne. Il n'y a donc pas lieu de la décrire plus en détail.Preferably, to achieve the mechanically resistant walls 26, 28, a technique is used which consists in cutting a trench 26 ', 28' in the ground whose shape corresponds to that of the wall to be produced and, while making this cut, mix the cut soil with a suitable hydraulic binder. This technique is in itself perfectly known and called "soil mixing" in the Anglo-Saxon language. There is therefore no need to describe it in more detail.

La quantité de liant hydraulique dépend de la nature du sol en place et des caractéristiques mécaniques que l'on veut obtenir pour le mélange sol/liant hydraulique. Cette quantité varie typiquement de 75 kg/m3 à 400 kg/m3 de sol en place. De préférence, cette quantité est comprise entre 125 kg/m3 et 250 kg/m3.The amount of hydraulic binder depends on the nature of the soil in place and the mechanical characteristics that one wants to obtain for the mixture soil / hydraulic binder. This amount typically varies from 75 kg / m 3 to 400 kg / m 3 of soil in place. Preferably, this amount is between 125 kg / m 3 and 250 kg / m 3 .

Le liant peut être introduit soit par voie humide, c'est-à-dire sous forme d'un coulis injecté au niveau de l'outil de mélange, soit par voie sèche, c'est-à-dire sous forme pulvérulente, disposée à la surface du sol dans une prétranchée ou encore injectée au niveau de l'outil dans un flux d'air comprimé.The binder can be introduced either wet, that is to say in the form of a grout injected at the mixing tool, or dry, that is to say in powder form, arranged on the ground surface in a pretrench or injected at the tool into a compressed air flow.

Sur les figures 5A et 5B, on a représenté un exemple d'outil permettant la réalisation des tranchées et donc des parois.On the Figures 5A and 5B , there is shown an example of a tool for the realization of trenches and therefore walls.

Cet outil est constitué par un engin mobile 30 de préférence pourvu de chenilles 32 dont la plate-forme est équipée d'un bras mécanique 36 à l'extrémité 36a duquel est monté l'outil 38 de découpe du sol et de mélange de celui-ci avec le liant hydraulique.This tool is constituted by a mobile machine 30 preferably provided with tracks 32 whose platform is equipped with a mechanical arm 36 at the end 36a of which is mounted the tool 38 for cutting the soil and mixing it. ci with the hydraulic binder.

Dans l'exemple considéré, l'outil 38 est constitué par une chaîne sans fin 40 portant des ergots de découpe 42 et des éléments de mélange 44. La structure centrale 46 de l'outil comporte de plus une canalisation 48 pour injecter dans le sol le liant hydraulique. Cette canalisation 48 comporte une ou plusieurs buses d'injection telles que 50 réparties sur toute la hauteur de l'outil. Lorsque la chaîne sans fin est mise en mouvement et l'injection initiée, on obtient ainsi un mélange efficace du sol découpé avec le liant hydraulique. En outre, on comprend que ces travaux sont relativement légers et peuvent être réalisés avec des machines de type classique.In the example considered, the tool 38 is constituted by an endless chain 40 carrying cutting lugs 42 and mixing elements 44. The central structure 46 of the tool further comprises a pipe 48 for injecting into the ground the hydraulic binder. This pipe 48 comprises one or more injection nozzles such as 50 distributed over the entire height of the tool. When the endless chain is set in motion and the injection initiated, an effective mixture of the ground cut with the hydraulic binder is thus obtained. In addition, it is understood that these works are relatively light and can be performed with conventional type machines.

Il va de soi que d'autres outils pourraient être utilisés pour réaliser la tranchée et la paroi par soil mixing. Cependant, l'outil décrit ci-dessus est bien adapté au problème d'accès que peut présenter la fondation à renforcer.It goes without saying that other tools could be used to make the trench and the wall by means of soil mixing. However, the tool described above is well adapted to the access problem that the foundation to be reinforced can present.

Comme cela est connu, au lieu d'injecter le liant hydraulique à l'aide de l'outil servant à réaliser la tranchée, il est possible, sur le tracé de la tranchée à réaliser, de déposer le liant hydraulique sous forme pulvérulente dans une pré-tranchée et de mélanger celui-ci avec le sol découpé au fur et à mesure de la réalisation de cette tranchée.As is known, instead of injecting the hydraulic binder with the aid of the tool used to make the trench, it is possible, on the trench of the trench to be made, to deposit the hydraulic binder in pulverulent form in a pre-trench and mix it with the ground cut as and when the realization of this trench.

Bien entendu, de préférence après la réalisation des parois 26, 28, il est possible que leur partie supérieure 26b, 28b s'arrête en dessous de la surface du sol de telle manière que l'on puisse mettre un remblai au-dessus de cette face supérieure pour redonner au sol son état initial.Of course, preferably after the realization of the walls 26, 28, it is possible that their upper portion 26b, 28b stops below the surface of the soil so that one can put a fill on top of this upper face to restore the ground to its original state.

Il est important de souligner que lors de la réalisation de la ou des tranchées en vue de constituer la ou les parois en projection horizontale, la surface de la fondation et plus précisément de ses dalles 14 et 16 qui se trouve ainsi découverte est très limitée puisqu'elle se réduit à la surface d'intersection de la ou des parois ou tranchées avec ces dalles. Cela permet ainsi d'éviter que, dans la phase de réalisation des travaux, la résistance à l'arrachement de la fondation ne soit très significativement diminuée, ce qui bien sûr pourrait être très préjudiciable en cas de survenance d'événements, par exemple météorologiques, exceptionnels durant les travaux.It is important to underline that during the realization of the trench or trenches in order to constitute the wall or walls in projection horizontal, the surface of the foundation and more precisely of its slabs 14 and 16 which is thus discovered is very limited since it is reduced to the intersection surface of the wall or walls or trenches with these slabs. This makes it possible to avoid that, in the construction phase, the resistance to pulling out of the foundation is very significantly reduced, which of course could be very detrimental in case of occurrence of events, for example meteorological , exceptional during the works.

Les figures 3A, 3B et 3C montrent différentes formes possibles pour la paroi de renforcement de la fondation 12.The FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C show different possible shapes for the foundation reinforcement wall 12.

Sur la figure 3A, on trouve trois parois 40, 42 et 44 qui sont disposées de façon radiale par rapport à la cheminée 18 de la fondation et décalée mutuellement de 120 degrés. Les différentes parois, en projection horizontale, s'étendent au-delà du pourtour de la dalle de la fondation.On the figure 3A there are three walls 40, 42 and 44 which are arranged radially with respect to the chimney 18 of the foundation and mutually offset by 120 degrees. The different walls, in horizontal projection, extend beyond the periphery of the slab of the foundation.

Sur la figure 3B, on trouve quatre parois 46, 48, 50 et 52 disposées radialement par rapport à la cheminée 18 et décalées mutuellement de 90 degrés, dont une partie d'étend au-delà du pourtour de la dalle.On the figure 3B there are four walls 46, 48, 50 and 52 arranged radially with respect to the chimney 18 and mutually offset by 90 degrees, a part of which extends beyond the periphery of the slab.

Dans le cas de la figure 3C, on trouve deux parois 54 et 56 qui intersectent la fondation 12 et plus précisément ses dalles 14, 16 sans passer par la cheminée 18 de la fondation 12. Les parois s'étendent également au-delà du contour de la dalle de la fondation.In the case of figure 3C there are two walls 54 and 56 which intersect the foundation 12 and more precisely its slabs 14, 16 without passing through the chimney 18 of the foundation 12. The walls also extend beyond the contour of the slab of the foundation.

Ces différentes formes possibles de tranchées et de parois montrent que le procédé objet de l'invention peut s'adapter très facilement aux différents obstacles qui peuvent se présenter à proximité de la fondation à renforcer. Elles montrent aussi qu'il est possible d'adapter les éléments de renforcement aux directions privilégiées d'efforts à l'arrachement susceptibles d'être appliqués à la fondation.These different possible forms of trenches and walls show that the method which is the subject of the invention can adapt very easily to the various obstacles that may occur near the foundation to be reinforced. They also show that it is possible to adapt the reinforcement elements to the preferred directions of pull-out efforts that can be applied to the foundation.

Sur la figure 4, on a représenté de façon simplifiée un mode de renforcement des fondations d'un pylône tétrapode 60 qui repose donc sur quatre fondations 62, 64, 66 et 68. Pour chaque élément de fondations 62 à 68, on réalise deux parois 62', 64', 66' et 68' qui présentent des tracés compatibles et donc accessibles compte tenu de la présence du pylône tétrapode 60.On the figure 4 a method of reinforcing the foundations of a quadrupole pylon 60 has been represented in a simplified manner, which is therefore based on four foundations 62, 64, 66 and 68. For each foundation element 62 to 68, two walls 62 ', 64 are produced. ', 66' and 68 'which have compatible patterns and therefore accessible given the presence of the tetrapod pylon 60.

On voit que ce procédé qui ne nécessite que la réalisation pour chaque fondation d'une ou plusieurs tranchées permet d'avoir un accès simple au terrain même dans le cas de structures relativement encombrantes telles qu'un pylône tétrapode. Il est en effet possible de définir le tracé des différentes tranchées et parois de telle manière qu'elles soient sensiblement entièrement disposées à l'extérieur du polygone reliant les différentes fondations ou plus précisément les cheminées des différentes fondations.It can be seen that this process which only requires the realization for each foundation of one or more trenches makes it possible to have an access simple in the field even in the case of relatively bulky structures such as a tetrapod pylon. It is indeed possible to define the layout of the different trenches and walls so that they are substantially entirely disposed outside the polygon connecting the different foundations or more precisely the chimneys of different foundations.

Claims (11)

Procédé de renforcement de fondations notamment pour pylônes, lesdites fondations (12) comportant au moins une dalle (14, 16) sensiblement horizontale enfouie dans le sol, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : a) on réalise au moins une tranchée verticale dans le sol dont le tracé intersecte une partie de ladite dalle (14, 16), ladite tranchée ayant une largeur très inférieure aux dimensions horizontales de ladite dalle, une hauteur très supérieure à sa largeur et, en projection horizontale, une partie de ladite tranchée s'étendant au-delà du contour de ladite dalle ; et b) on remplit ladite tranchée avec un matériau comprenant au moins en partie un liant hydraulique pour former dans le sol une paroi (26, 28, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 62', 64', 66', 68') résistante qui est mécaniquement reliée à ladite dalle. Method for reinforcing foundations, in particular for pylons, said foundations (12) comprising at least one substantially horizontal slab (14, 16) embedded in the ground, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) at least one vertical trench is produced in the ground, the alignment of which intersects a portion of said slab (14, 16), said trench having a width much smaller than the horizontal dimensions of said slab, a height much greater than its width and, horizontal projection, a portion of said trench extending beyond the contour of said slab; and b) filling said trench with a material comprising at least partly a hydraulic binder to form in the soil a wall (26, 28, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 62 ', 64 ', 66', 68 ') which is mechanically connected to said slab. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape b) consiste à découper le sol pour réaliser ladite tranchée et à mélanger le sol découpé avec un liant hydraulique pour obtenir ladite paroi résistante dans le sol.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that step b) comprises cutting the soil to make said trench and mixing the cut soil with a hydraulic binder to obtain said resistant wall in the soil. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise deux tranchées (26, 28) disposées de part et d'autre de la cheminée de ladite fondation, chaque tranchée reposant en partie sur ladite dalle (14, 16).Process according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that two trenches (26, 28) are arranged on either side of the chimney of said foundation, each trench resting partly on said slab (14). , 16). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le tracé de ladite tranchée (54, 56), ne passe pas par la cheminée de ladite fondation.Method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the trench (54, 56) does not pass through the chimney of said foundation. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de ladite tranchée est inférieure au quart de la largeur de ladite dalle (14, 16).Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the width of said trench is less than a quarter of the width of said slab (14, 16). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de ladite tranchée (26, 28) est comprise entre 20 et 50 cm.Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the width of said trench (26, 28) is between 20 and 50 cm. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fondations comprennent une pluralité d'éléments de fondation (62, 64, 66, 68) distants les uns des autres, chaque élément de fondation comportant au moins une dalle sensiblement horizontale et une cheminée, et en ce qu'on réalise plusieurs tranchées (62, 64, 66, 68) chaque tranchée intersectant la dalle d'un élément de fondation.Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said foundations comprise a plurality of foundation elements (62, 64, 66, 68) distant from each other, each foundation element comprising at least one slab sensibly horizontal and a chimney, and in that one carries out several trenches (62, 64, 66, 68) each trench intersecting the slab of a foundation element. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdites tranchées sont disposées sensiblement à l'extérieur du polygone dont les sommets sont les cheminées desdits éléments de fondation (62, 64, 66, 68).A method according to claim 7, characterized in that said trenches are disposed substantially outside the polygon whose vertices are the chimneys of said foundation members (62, 64, 66, 68). Structure de renforcement d'une fondation, notamment pour pylônes, ladite fondation comportant au moins une dalle (14, 16) sensiblement horizontale, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins une paroi (26, 28, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 62', 64', 66', 68') verticale mécaniquement résistante réalisée dans le sol, le tracé de ladite paroi, en projection horizontale, intersectant ladite dalle de la fondation pour coopérer mécaniquement avec ladite fondation, une partie de ladite paroi, en projection horizontale, s'étendant au-delà du contour de la dalle.Structure for reinforcing a foundation, in particular for pylons, said foundation comprising at least one substantially horizontal slab (14, 16), characterized in that it comprises at least one wall (26, 28, 40, 42, 44, 46 , 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 62 ', 64', 66 ', 68') mechanically resistant vertical made in the ground, the layout of said wall, in horizontal projection, intersecting said slab of the foundation to cooperate mechanically with said foundation, a portion of said wall, in horizontal projection, extending beyond the contour of the slab. Structure selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que ladite paroi est réalisée par découpe du sol pour obtenir une tranchée verticale ayant le tracé de la paroi et par mélange du sol découpé avec un liant hydraulique.Structure according to claim 9, characterized in that said wall is made by cutting the soil to obtain a vertical trench having the layout of the wall and mixing the soil cut with a hydraulic binder. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisée en ce que la largeur de la paroi est au plus égale au quart des dimensions de la dalle (14, 16) de la fondation.Structure according to any one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the width of the wall is at most equal to a quarter of the dimensions of the slab (14, 16) of the foundation.
EP07122090A 2006-12-05 2007-12-03 Method of strengthening foundations comprising a slab buried in the ground, in particular foundations for pylons, and structure obtained Active EP1936039B1 (en)

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PL07122090T PL1936039T3 (en) 2006-12-05 2007-12-03 Method of strengthening foundations comprising a slab buried in the ground, in particular foundations for pylons, and structure obtained

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR0655316A FR2909395B1 (en) 2006-12-05 2006-12-05 METHOD FOR REINFORCING FOUNDATIONS COMPRISING A SLAB IN THE SOIL, IN PARTICULAR FOUNDATIONS FOR PYLâNES, AND STRUCTURE OBTAINED

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EP1936039A1 true EP1936039A1 (en) 2008-06-25
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AT (1) ATE478200T1 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2969672A1 (en) * 2010-12-24 2012-06-29 Soletanche Freyssinet Method for enhancing resistance of foundation structure of pylon monopode, involves filling volume of trench with material including hydraulic binder to form wall adjacent to foundation structure
CN103174163A (en) * 2011-12-26 2013-06-26 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Heightening method and heightening structure of opening of prefabricated column foundation

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110344436A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-10-18 河南海鹏送变电工程有限公司 A kind of transmission line of electricity column foot reinforcement means

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JPH1025734A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-27 Okumura Corp Bearing-pile reinforcing structure of existing structure and reinforcing method thereof
FR2845705A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-16 Ineo Reseaux Haute Tension Pylon foundation reinforcing procedure uses concrete blocks connected to outside plate anchors by tensioned cables
WO2006018590A2 (en) * 2004-08-12 2006-02-23 Societe Centrale D'etudes Et De Realisations Routieres Scetauroute Device and method for a tower reinforcing foundation
FR2881448A1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-04 Spie Fond S Sa Pylon e.g. transmission tower, reinforcing method, involves positioning support link having additional base on upper part of foundation, casting sealing concrete around foundation and combining additional base with another base

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1025734A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-27 Okumura Corp Bearing-pile reinforcing structure of existing structure and reinforcing method thereof
FR2845705A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-16 Ineo Reseaux Haute Tension Pylon foundation reinforcing procedure uses concrete blocks connected to outside plate anchors by tensioned cables
WO2006018590A2 (en) * 2004-08-12 2006-02-23 Societe Centrale D'etudes Et De Realisations Routieres Scetauroute Device and method for a tower reinforcing foundation
FR2881448A1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-04 Spie Fond S Sa Pylon e.g. transmission tower, reinforcing method, involves positioning support link having additional base on upper part of foundation, casting sealing concrete around foundation and combining additional base with another base

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2969672A1 (en) * 2010-12-24 2012-06-29 Soletanche Freyssinet Method for enhancing resistance of foundation structure of pylon monopode, involves filling volume of trench with material including hydraulic binder to form wall adjacent to foundation structure
CN103174163A (en) * 2011-12-26 2013-06-26 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Heightening method and heightening structure of opening of prefabricated column foundation

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ATE478200T1 (en) 2010-09-15
ES2351097T3 (en) 2011-01-31
PL1936039T3 (en) 2011-03-31
DE602007008518D1 (en) 2010-09-30
FR2909395B1 (en) 2009-02-27
EP1936039B1 (en) 2010-08-18
FR2909395A1 (en) 2008-06-06

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