EP1926684A1 - Dispersion and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Dispersion and method for the production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP1926684A1 EP1926684A1 EP06775923A EP06775923A EP1926684A1 EP 1926684 A1 EP1926684 A1 EP 1926684A1 EP 06775923 A EP06775923 A EP 06775923A EP 06775923 A EP06775923 A EP 06775923A EP 1926684 A1 EP1926684 A1 EP 1926684A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dispersion
- added
- prepared
- pumped
- dispersing liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012700 ceramic precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKHUSADXXDNRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malonic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)O1 KKHUSADXXDNRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002110 nanocone Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
- C08J3/095—Oxygen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
- C08J3/097—Sulfur containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08L1/28—Alkyl ethers
- C08L1/286—Alkyl ethers substituted with acid radicals, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
- C01B2202/06—Multi-walled nanotubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
- C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
- C01B2202/28—Solid content in solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
- C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
- C01B2202/36—Diameter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dispersion and a process for its preparation.
- Dispersions are already known in a wide variety of compositions and for a wide variety of applications. Dispersions generally consist of at least one dispersing liquid and at least one solid which is distributed in the dispersing liquid. Depending on the treatment of the dispersion, it may have, for example, a liquid or pasty consistency after completion.
- a dispersion consisting of a dispersing liquid and at least one solid dispersed in the dispersing liquid.
- the dispersion is characterized in that the dispersing liquid has an aqueous and / or nonaqueous base, that the at least one solid is formed from graphite and / or from carbon nanomaterial and / or from coke and / or from porous carbon and that the at least one solid is homogeneously and stably distributed in the dispersing liquid.
- a dispersion in the sense of the present invention is generally a very fine and complete distribution of at least one substance in another substance, but no true solution is formed.
- At least one solid is dispersed in a liquid, wherein the solid is homogeneously distributed in the liquid and remains stably distributed there.
- the dispersing liquid used according to the invention has an aqueous and / or non-aqueous base, combinations of which are particularly permissible.
- the invention is not limited to certain types of dispersing liquids. Some advantageous, but not exclusive examples of this will be explained in more detail below.
- non-aqueous dispersing liquids for example, numerous organic compounds are possible, such as polar, nonpolar, ionic; for example monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example polyols; esters; ketones; amides; Carboxylic acids; aldehydes; aliphatic, aromatic, naphthenic hydrocarbons; Heterocycles; ionic liquids and any mixtures thereof.
- polar, nonpolar, ionic for example monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example polyols; esters; ketones; amides; Carboxylic acids; aldehydes; aliphatic, aromatic, naphthenic hydrocarbons; Heterocycles; ionic liquids and any mixtures thereof.
- the dispersion has at least one solid, although of course more than one solid may be present.
- the at least one solid is formed from graphite and / or from carbon nanomaterial and / or from coke and / or from porous carbon, it being possible for the individual materials to be used either individually in each case or also in any desired combination.
- the graphites used may, for example, be natural graphites, artificially produced graphites and their precursors, intercalated graphites (expanded graphites) and the like.
- the carbon nanomaterials may for example consist of carbon nanotubes (single-shell and multi-shelled), carbon nanofibers (fischg rate, leaflet, helical), nanohorns, nanocones and the like. Carbon nanotubes are also referred to internationally as carbon nanotubes, (single-walled and multi-walled), carbon nanofibers as carbon nanofibers (herringbone, platelet, screw type).
- coke for example, calcined, partially graphitized or graphitized cokes can be used.
- the cokes can come from degassed coal or petroleum coke.
- Solid is homogeneously and stably distributed in the dispersing liquid. Especially By the process conditions such as pressure, temperature, shear forces and the like in the preparation of these dispersions can be very homogeneous dispersions of the materials mentioned produce.
- At least one additive may be added to the dispersion.
- These may be, for example, special stabilizing additives.
- special additives for stabilizing the dispersions may be necessary.
- the invention is not limited to certain materials for additives.
- polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, ligninsulfonates, polysaccharides such as alginates, xanthans, dextrins, starch derivatives, cellulose ethers, and the like may be used.
- At least one binder may be added to the dispersion.
- special organic binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) may be added to the starting materials of the dispersion so that a homogeneous stable dispersion can be produced therefrom during production.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- At least one acid and / or at least one acidic compound can be added to the dispersion.
- these may be, for example, organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, malonic anhydride and the like. However, it may also be, for example, inorganic acids, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like.
- at least one base and / or at least one basic compound may be added to the dispersion. These may be, for example, potassium hydroxides, amines, polyethyleneimines and the like.
- At least one salt and / or at least one salt-like compound may be added to the dispersion.
- These materials may be selected, for example, from the group of alkali salts, alkaline earth salts, metal salts, organic acids or inorganic acids, such as potassium carbonate or potassium oxalate, of course, the invention is not limited to the examples mentioned.
- At least one peroxide such as, for example, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide or the like, and / or at least one boron compound can be added to the dispersion.
- At least one reaction partner for a polymerization can be present in the dispersion.
- These may, for example, be polyols, although the invention is of course not limited to the example mentioned.
- a dispersion formed in accordance with the preceding embodiments can be produced particularly advantageously by the process according to the invention as described below.
- a process for producing a dispersion according to the invention as described above which is characterized according to the invention in that the dispersion is prepared by applying a high acceleration voltage.
- stable dispersions of graphites and / or carbon nanomaterials and / or cokes and / or porous carbons as well as combinations thereof can be produced by the process according to the invention.
- the basic principle of the method is based on the fact that a dispersion, for example with the aid of additives, is produced by applying a high acceleration voltage.
- the dispersion can be either an aqueous or a non-aqueous dispersion.
- the dispersion that is the splitting of aggregates and agglomerates into singular particles, is achieved by applying an extreme acceleration.
- the dispersion is pumped through a reaction chamber at extreme pressure.
- the starting material of the dispersion is pumped through the reaction chamber at a pressure between 500 bar and 5,000 bar.
- the pumping can be carried out at a shear rate of between 500,000 sec -1 and 8,000,000 sec -1 , whereby the dispersed particles in the reaction chamber are extremely accelerated.
- the pressure is 1,000 bar or at least about 1,000 bar and the shear rate is 5,000,000 sec * 1 .
- the reaction chamber has at least one dispersion guide with at least one chicane, the dispersion being pumped through the dispersion guide equipped with the at least one chicane.
- a dispersion guide is generally a structural design for directional guidance or passage of the dispersion through the reaction chamber. The resulting extreme shear stresses tear the aggregates and agglomerates apart so that they are broken down into singular particles.
- the additives optionally present in the dispersing liquid prevent re-agglomeration. The additives are selected so that they act either by electrochemical shielding or by steric stabilization.
- the at least one dispersion guide can preferably have a three-dimensional channel structure, in particular a serpentine channel structure, wherein the dispersion is pumped through the three-dimensional channel structure.
- the method described is also suitable for mechanically and / or chemically modifying the materials used.
- graphites can be delaminated and carbon nanotubes or fibers can be unraveled and shortened.
- chemically alter the materials by special additives.
- the graphite can be modified with boron.
- specifically modify the surface properties of the materials For example, by using specific amines or polyethylenimines, the surface of the materials can be modified.
- peroxides for example, oxygen-containing groups can be generated.
- dispersions with hitherto unknown properties in terms of viscosity, stability, electrical and thermal conductivity produced.
- dispersions of carbon nanotubes have a very high viscosity even at low concentrations.
- graphite and carbon nanomaterials it is possible to produce completely novel dispersions which, for example, enable surface coatings with high electrical conductivities, good mechanical and chemical properties.
- Cavitation is also induced by the fluid mechanics, which causes the fluid to rupture, so that small cavitation bubbles form which implode in the fluid due to the negative pressure prevailing in them. As a result, the bubbles collapse. This creates extreme forces, especially in the liquid interfaces, which are exerted on the solid particles present in these zones, so that solid bonds can be destroyed.
- This effect referred to as cavitation, has a material-destroying effect, but in the present case it is deliberately used to disperse solids.
- the properties of the carrier medium (temperature, vapor pressure, viscosity, dissolved gas quantities) and its interaction with the type and concentration of the dispersed solid also play a major role. Accordingly, not only are agglomerates and aggregates torn apart in the flow and cavitation fields, but also primary particles can be destroyed.
- the crushing result is characterized by fractional fraction, crushing ratio and surface area increase and increases with increasing particle size and energy absorption. This increase over energy absorption is degressive and is accompanied by a broadening of the particle size distribution. It is thus clearly confirmed, according to which, on the one hand, larger particles have a lower strength than smaller ones, and on the other hand, with increasing intensity of stress, a state of stress sets in which increasingly prevents further comminution.
- the dispersion according to the invention as described above or a dispersion prepared by the method according to the invention described above can be used for a whole series of advantageous fields of application.
- such dispersions can be used as an additive for improving the mechanical, electrical or thermal properties of a material.
- such dispersions can be used in batteries and accumulators, for example as additives for anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, as active materials and the like.
- Such dispersions can also be used, for example, in capacitors, for example as active materials and additives for so-called supercapacitors.
- dispersions can also be used, for example, as a coating on surfaces, for example as a coating on metal, glass, ceramic, plastic surfaces and the like.
- Such dispersions can advantageously also be used as polymer additives, as coloring pastes or as reactants for polymerizations.
- Such dispersions may also preferably be used as additives for a ceramic, for a ceramic precursor, for a metal, for a metal alloy, for glass, for yarns, for textiles, for paper and the like.
- such dispersions can also be used, for example, for the production of fibers, nonwovens, paper and the like.
- Such dispersions can also be advantageously used as electrostatic shields or as materials or constituents for electrostatic shields.
- the present invention advantageously relates to the preparation and use of stable dispersions of graphites, carbon nanomaterials, cokes, and combinations thereof.
- the dispersing fluid base of these dispersions may be of both aqueous and non-aqueous nature and may contain specific stabilizing additives.
- the materials used can also be changed mechanically and / or chemically by this method.
- Example 1 In 700 ml of demineralized water are added 20 g of polyethylene glycol, molecular weight
- Example 2 According to Example 1, to which 15 g of naphthalenesulfonic acid condensation product of naltium salt and 5 g of xanthan gum are added in 650 ml of demineralized water, 330 natural graphite powders are added.
- the graphite has a particle size D50 of 10.5 ⁇ m, a carbon content of 99.98%, a spec. BET surface area of 7.7 m z / g and an aspect ratio of 14.9.
- the viscosity of the predispersion is 830 mPa s.
- the predispersion is now subjected to a shear rate of 5,800,000 sec -1 at a pressure of 2200 bar
- the graphite had a particle size D50 of 6.6 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 18.3 m 2 / g and a viscosity
- the graphite particles showed no agglomeration and the increase in surface area and viscosity as well as the increase of the aspect ratio from 14.9 to 22.1 showed not only dispersion but also delamination.
- Example 1 are dispersed in 500 ml of 2-propanol-2 10 g carbon nanotubes (CNT MW) without additive additive.
- the carbon nanotubes have
- Diameter of 10-20 nm and lengths of 1-10 microns, their BET specific surface area is 200 m 2 / g.
- the predispersion with a viscosity of 600 mPa s is now exposed to a shear rate of 2 500 000 sec -1 at a pressure of 1000 bar
- the dispersion was very pasty and it was possible to significantly reduce the degree of entanglement and nester formation in the scanning electronic
- the carbon nanotubes were shortened by this method to 0.2-4 ⁇ m, but the diameters of 10-20 nm were retained, and the specific BET surface area of 200 m 2 / g did not change, and no delamination could be observed the carbon nanotubes, but only a shortening.This dispersion was stable for months without additives.
Abstract
Description
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DE102005043054A DE102005043054A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2005-09-09 | Dispersion and process for its preparation |
PCT/DE2006/001559 WO2007028369A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2006-09-06 | Dispersion and method for the production thereof |
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US (2) | US20090224211A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1926684A1 (en) |
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DE102009032520A1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-20 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg | Method for producing and operating for the first time a transmission unit with a lubricant based on water, comprises applying a mixture of vaporizable liquid, comminuted solid lubricant and preservative to finished rotary parts of the unit |
EP2406430B1 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2016-05-25 | Future Carbon GmbH | Networks of carbon nano materials and process for their manufacture |
DE102010013362A1 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Substrate for a field emitter, process for the preparation of the substrate and use of the substrate |
CN103214772A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-24 | 广西格润科技有限公司 | Novel heat-dissipation material and preparation method thereof |
JP5933374B2 (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2016-06-08 | ハリマ化成株式会社 | Method for producing thin-layer graphite or thin-layer graphite compound |
DE102013213273A1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Carbon nanotube-containing dispersion and its use in the manufacture of electrodes |
US11634545B2 (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2023-04-25 | Adeka Corporation | Layered-substance-containing solution and method of manufacturing same |
KR102482505B1 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2022-12-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Carbon nanotube dispersed solution and method for preparing the same |
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DE2966935D1 (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1984-05-30 | Ubbelohde Alfred R J P | Graphite composition |
ATE79694T1 (en) * | 1987-01-15 | 1992-09-15 | Lonza Ag | USE OF A CATHODE COATING DISPERSION FOR BATTERIES. |
WO1997043116A1 (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1997-11-20 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Rigid porous carbon structures, methods of making, methods of using and products containing same |
DE19910707A1 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-21 | Gerd Wiedemann | Process for treating graphite comprises applying a pressure gradient to a graphite fill or graphite suspension and accelerating the fill or suspension during transition from a first to a second region |
CN100375201C (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2008-03-12 | 海珀里昂催化国际有限公司 | Electroconductive carbon fibril-based inks and coatings |
JP2005001983A (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2005-01-06 | Futaba Corp | Super-dispersion state nano-carbon and method for manufacturing the same |
US7381352B2 (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2008-06-03 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Dispersion of thin particles having a skeleton consisting of carbons |
GB0404713D0 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2004-04-07 | Isis Innovation | Separation of carbon nanotubes |
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2005
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- 2006-09-06 US US11/991,755 patent/US20090224211A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-06 WO PCT/DE2006/001559 patent/WO2007028369A1/en active Application Filing
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US10160651B2 (en) | 2018-12-25 |
US20170008770A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
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US20090224211A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
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