EP1911498B1 - Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces - Google Patents
Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces Download PDFInfo
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- EP1911498B1 EP1911498B1 EP06122142A EP06122142A EP1911498B1 EP 1911498 B1 EP1911498 B1 EP 1911498B1 EP 06122142 A EP06122142 A EP 06122142A EP 06122142 A EP06122142 A EP 06122142A EP 1911498 B1 EP1911498 B1 EP 1911498B1
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- oxygen content
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inerting method for reducing the risk and extinguishing fires in a shelter, wherein the oxygen content in the shelter is first lowered to a certain baseline inertial level, and then the oxygen content in the shelter is maintained continuously at the basic inertization level.
- Such an inerting process is basically known from the prior art.
- German patent DE 198 11 851 C2 an inerting method for reducing the risk and extinguishing indoor fires and a device for carrying out the method described.
- this prior art it is envisaged to reduce the oxygen content in an enclosed space (hereinafter called "shelter") to a certain basic inerting level and, in the event of a fire, to further rapidly lower the oxygen content to a certain level of full inertization, thereby effectively extinguishing a fire To allow the lowest possible storage capacity for inert gas cylinders.
- This inertization method is based on the knowledge that in enclosed spaces which are only occasionally entered by humans or animals and whose facilities react sensitively to the action of water, the risk of fire can be counteracted by the fact that the oxygen concentration in the affected area has a value of approximately 12% by volume is lowered. At this oxygen concentration, the most combustible materials stop burning.
- the main areas of application are EDP areas, electrical switch and distribution rooms, enclosed facilities as well as storage areas with high-quality assets.
- the extinguishing effect resulting from this process is based on the principle of oxygen displacement.
- the normal ambient air is known to be 21% by volume of oxygen, 78% by volume of nitrogen and 1% by volume of other gases.
- the nitrogen concentration in the relevant space is further increased, thereby reducing the oxygen content. It is known that a extinguishing effect begins when the oxygen content drops below 15% by volume. Depending on the flammable materials present in the shelter, a further lowering of the oxygen content to the mentioned 12 vol.% May be required.
- base inertization level means a reduced oxygen level compared to the oxygen level of normal ambient air, but this reduced level of oxygen does not present any danger to persons or animals, so that they can easily enter the shelter.
- the basic inerting level corresponds, for example, to an oxygen content in the protected space of 15% by volume, 16% by volume or 17% by volume.
- full inertization level is to be understood as meaning a further reduced oxygen content in comparison to the oxygen content of the basic inertization level, in which the flammability of most materials has already been reduced to such an extent that they can no longer be ignited.
- the full inertization level is usually 11 vol.% Or 12 vol.% Oxygen concentration.
- this two-stage inert gas process in which the basic inerting level is initially set to reduce the risk of fires and in which, if necessary, further nitrogen is introduced by further introduction of inert gas to extinguish a fire, until the full inerting level is reached, the number the container needed for the oxygen displacing in case of fire Inert gases can be kept as small as possible.
- this inertization process known from the prior art, there is no need to provide a relatively large storage capacity for inert gas cylinders in order to be able to set a full inerting level in the protective space in the event of fire.
- the present invention is based on the object, which from the DE 198 11 851 C2 To further develop known and above-described inerting methods for reducing the risk and extinguishing fires in shelters so as to ensure that the use of the method in the shelter does not require any specially provided pressure relief at all, and at the same time to achieve that a fire can follow the amount of inert gas additionally introduced and used for fire fighting, depending on the extent of the fire, so as to be able to save inert gas and make the implementation of the inertization process more cost-effective.
- This object is achieved in the inerting method mentioned above in that in the shelter at least or a predetermined times or depending on certain predetermined events at least one fire parameter is measured to determine whether or not in the shelter a fire is present, and that in In the event of a fire in the shelter, the oxygen content is further lowered from the base inertization level to a first lowering level, the oxygen content is continuously maintained for a first predetermined time at this first lowering level, and in a case when the fire is after the first predetermined time has elapsed is not yet extinguished, the oxygen content is lowered from the first subsidence level further to the Vollinertmaschinesindi.
- the advantages of the method according to the invention are, in particular, that - in addition to the already known from the prior art advantage of lower storage capacity for inert gas - initially a smaller volume of gas is introduced into the shelter in case of fire, so that provided no structural pressure relief more in the shelter have to be. Thus, can be completely dispensed with pressure relief openings in the shelter. In other words, this means that with the solution according to the invention, the inerting method can be used for firefighting almost every room, especially without that special pressure relief openings must be provided in these premises.
- the first descent level is selected to be between the base inerting level at which, to minimize the risk of fire in the shelter, the oxygen content in the shelter is already reduced compared to the oxygen level of the normal atmosphere and the full inertization level at which the flammability the existing materials in the shelter is reduced so much that they can no longer ignite.
- the Grundinert Deutschensset which is set in advance in the shelter, that is, before the detection of a fire, can correspond to any, compared to the oxygen concentration of the normal atmosphere reduced oxygen concentration at which a free accessibility of the shelter still exists .
- This basic inerting level may of course also correspond to an oxygen concentration which is different from the 15% by volume described in the beginning. It would be conceivable, for example, to set an oxygen concentration in the protective space of 17% by volume as the basic inerting level, if this is necessary in individual cases.
- the oxygen content is also kept continuously at this basic inerting level. This is done, for example, by regularly or continuously measuring the oxygen content in the shelter and by controlled introduction of inert gas into the shelter to maintain the oxygen content at the basic inertization level.
- inert gas for maintaining the Grundinertleiterstells fresh air is introduced into the shelter in a controlled manner, for example, to prevent the oxygen content due to introduction of an excessive amount of inert gas below the Grundinertretesclude falls.
- the term "holding the oxygen content at a certain inertization level” as used herein means maintaining the oxygen content at the inertization level with a certain control range, the control range preferably being dependent on the type of protective space (for example, depending on from an air exchange rate applicable to the shelter or depending on the materials stored in the shelter) and / or depending on the type of inerting plant used, with which the method according to the invention is carried out.
- a control range is 0.1 to 0.4% by volume.
- other control range sizes are also conceivable.
- the oxygen content at the determined inertization level as a function of a previously performed calculation, in which calculation certain design parameters of the protective space are incorporated, such as, for example, the air exchange rate valid for the shelter , in particular the n50 value of the protection space, and / or the pressure difference between the protection space and the environment.
- this full inertization level corresponds to an oxygen content at which fire in the shelter is effectively extinguished by oxygen displacement can be.
- the Vollinertmaschinesmat is chosen in advance depending on the fire load of the shelter and corresponds, for example, an oxygen content of 11 or 12 vol .-% or below. In particular, for shelters in which highly flammable liquid materials are stored, it may be necessary to select an even lower oxygen concentration for the protection chamber-specific full inertization level.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that, in the event of a fire, the oxygen content in the protection space is lowered from the preset initial inerting level to the first lowering level.
- the lowering to the first lowering level occurs, for example, as a function of a corresponding signal from a fire detection device for detecting a fire parameter in the room air of the protective room.
- fire characteristic is understood to mean physical quantities which undergo measurable changes in the ambient air of an incipient fire, e.g. the ambient temperature, the solid or liquid or gas content in the ambient air (formation of smoke in the form of particles or aerosols or vapor) or the ambient radiation.
- inerting process according to the invention in particular after the oxygen content has been reduced to the basic inertization level, constantly representative air samples can be taken from the room air in the protected area to be monitored and added to a detector for fire parameters which in case of fire sends a corresponding signal to the inertization process controlling controller for setting the first lowering level outputs.
- This is a procedural implementation of the connection of a known aspirative fire detection device with the inert gas extinguishing technique, which is based on the inertization process according to the invention.
- An aspirative fire detection device is to be understood as a fire detection device which sucks, for example via a pipeline or duct system at a plurality of locations within the shelter, a representative subset of the room air of the protected space to be monitored and this subset then a measuring chamber with the detector for detecting a fire characteristic feeds.
- this detector for detecting a fire parameter is designed in such a way to output a signal which also makes possible a quantitative statement with regard to the fire parameters present in the sucked subset of the ambient air.
- it would be possible to record the time course of the fire or the time course of the development of the fire so as to determine the effectiveness of setting and holding the different inerting in the shelter.
- the oxygen content at this first subsidence level is maintained continuously for a first predetermined time.
- This first predetermined time is advantageously chosen as a function of the shelter, depending on the fire load stored in the shelter and / or depending on other parameters, and is for example 10 minutes.
- the first predetermined time should be a time interval which is long enough to be sufficient Accuracy to make a statement as to whether the lowering of the oxygen content of the Grundinertretesmits to the first subsidence level has led to complete fire extinction in the shelter.
- the first predetermined time should be a time interval which is sufficiently short to prevent more damage being caused by the delayed setting of the full inertization level in the shelter due to the fire which has broken out there.
- Whether or not the fire has extinguished after the expiration of the first predetermined time in the shelter can be determined, for example, by a preferably quantitative measurement of at least one fire parameter in an actively drawn-in representative subset of the room air.
- a preferably quantitative measurement of at least one fire parameter in an actively drawn-in representative subset of the room air can be determined, for example, by a preferably quantitative measurement of at least one fire parameter in an actively drawn-in representative subset of the room air.
- other methods are also conceivable with which it can be determined whether the fire has already extinguished after the first predetermined time in the shelter.
- the oxygen content in the shelter is further lowered from the first subsidence level to a second subsidence level other than the full inertization level and maintained continuously at that second subsidence level for a second predetermined time when the second subsidence level Fire after the first predetermined time is not extinguished, and then, if the fire is still not extinguished after the second predetermined time, the oxygen content is lowered from the second lowering level further to the Vollinertreteslomi.
- the second lowering level of this preferred further development of the inerting method according to the invention is advantageously between the first lowering level and the full inerting level and, like the first lowering level, is selected as a function of the shelter and depending on the fire load stored in the shelter.
- the first and / or the second lowering level as a function of the technical realization of an inerting system provided for carrying out the inerting process according to the invention.
- the oxygen content in the shelter is maintained at the second subsidence level for a second predetermined time, the amount of gas necessary to finally and effectively extinguish the fire can be more accurately adjusted.
- the fire has not been completely extinguished after the first predetermined time has expired, since materials have caught fire in the protective space whose critical ignition limit is still below the oxygen content which corresponds to the first subsidence level.
- the oxygen content corresponding to the second subsidence level is below the oxygen content of the first subsidence level
- setting and maintaining the oxygen content at the second subsidence level for the second predetermined time may also extinguish a fire of materials whose critical ignition limit is below the first subsidence level Lowering levels but above the second lowering level is.
- the inertisation process according to the invention can effectively extinguish a fire that has broken out in the protection space, even if the reduction of the oxygen content from the base inerting level to the full inertisation level takes place over a plurality of subsidence levels, it is provided in a preferred development that the protection space remains so long the full inertization level is maintained continuously until the fire is completely extinguished.
- the event of complete extinguishment of the fire in the shelter is detected in a preferred manner again by means of a corresponding detector for detecting fire characteristics. Again, there is again an aspirative fire detection device, as already described above.
- the oxygen content in the shelter may temporarily be well below the critical for Vollinertmaschinesmony oxygen concentration.
- the lower limit of the control range within which the oxygen content is to be controlled while maintaining the full inertization level may be any value downwards.
- another method such as an optical method, is applicable. It would also be conceivable that the Vollinertmaschinesmat is held in the shelter until a manual release, for example, from already arrived emergency services, takes place.
- the oxygen content in the protective space is raised again to the basic inerting level if, after the first or the second predetermined time has elapsed, the fire in the protective space has gone out.
- the raising of the oxygen content in the protective space to the basic inerting level occurs after the first or the second predetermined time has elapsed as a function of a further, preferably manual, release. Since this further release can be carried out, in particular, independently of the inerting system which carries out the inertization process according to the invention, in this preferred embodiment there is an increased safety with regard to system faults or errors. Of course, the further release can also be done automatically on the basis of an independent device for detecting a fire parameter in the shelter.
- the first reduction level which corresponds to a further reduced oxygen content compared to the oxygen content of the base inertization level, is selected as a function of an oxygen content corresponding to the ignition limit value of the fire loads present in the protection space. It should be noted at this point that the ignition limit of a given material may be slightly higher than its extinction limit.
- the inflammatory limit of a substance is preferably determined with a test method of VdS loss prevention as close to reality and reproducibly as possible in the experiment, if this value is unknown for materials or articles.
- the solids to be tested are ignited at 20.9 vol .-% oxygen content with an ignition source. The time required for this is measured.
- the oxygen content is then lowered in the course of several experiments at defined ambient conditions until the ignition source is allowed to act on the material for a doubled period of time without igniting it.
- the following quantities are recorded or adjusted: oxygen content of the test atmosphere; Temperature during the test; Wind speed in the test room; Duration of inflammation; Flame temperature; and humidity in the test room.
- the ignition limit is 15.9 vol.% Oxygen content
- the extinguishing limit corresponds to an oxygen content of 15.5 vol.%.
- the consideration of other parameters is also conceivable in determining the oxygen content corresponding to the first reduction level.
- the second subsidence level which is further reduced in comparison to the oxygen content of the first subsidence level, provision is advantageously made for it to be selected as a function of an oxygen content corresponding to the extinguishment threshold of the fire loads present in the shelter. It is conceivable in this case in particular that the second lowering level below the oxygen content is equal to the extinguishing limit of existing in the shelter fire loads.
- the second level of reduction can also be determined in advance, taking into account other aspects.
- At least one fire parameter is measured in the shelter, preferably continuously, to determine whether there is a fire in the shelter or if the fire is already extinguished in the shelter .
- the measurement of the fire parameter does not have to be continuous, but it is also conceivable that at predetermined times or depending on certain predetermined events, such a measurement takes place.
- the measurement of the fire parameter is preferably carried out by means of a detector of the detection of fire parameters, which emits a corresponding signal for further inerting in case of fire.
- representative air samples are taken from the room air in the protected space to be monitored and fed to the fire characteristic detector.
- the first and / or the second lowering level be selected depending on the ignition and / or extinguishing limit value of the determined firing material. Accordingly, it is possible to adapt the used inert gas extinguishing technique in an optimal manner to the individual case and in particular to the burning material, which makes it possible that in case of fire, the amount of additional to be introduced into the shelter and used for firefighting inert gas very can be adapted exactly to the extent and type of fire.
- the detector is preferably designed in such a way as to provide a quantitative statement with regard to the detected fire parameters, in order thus to monitor the time course of the fire in the protected space to be monitored and to initiate appropriate measures for setting the different oxygen levels. It would be conceivable that the entire inertization process together with the detector for determining the fire characteristic and including a controller for evaluating the output from the detector signals fully automatically or at least partially automatically, so as independent as possible and in some way intelligent inertization to reduce the risk and to clear fires in the shelter.
- At least one fire parameter is measured in the protected room to determine whether there is a fire in the shelter
- this determination as to whether there is a fire in the shelter is dependent on a plurality of measured values of the fire parameter and / or in dependence on a multiplicity of different threshold values of the fire parameters measured in the protected room.
- This ensures the reliability of the system.
- the system only notifies a fire when fire characteristics are detected with several different sensors.
- the at least one fire parameter is quantitatively measured, whereby the lowering of the oxygen content to the first and / or the second reduction level is effected as a function of the quantitative measured value of the fire parameter.
- the at least one fire parameter is measured quantitatively, and that the duration of holding the oxygen content at the first and / or second lowering level in dependence on the measured value or the measured values of the fire characteristic (s).
- the used inert gas extinguishing technology can be adapted very precisely to the individual case.
- the amount of inert gas additionally to be introduced into the shelter and to be used for firefighting can be adapted very precisely to the extent and type of fire.
- the first reduction level, the second reduction level and / or the full inertization level in the inertization method according to the invention is preferably provided that in the shelter, preferably continuously, the oxygen content is measured, being introduced controlled depending on the measured oxygen content inert gas in the shelter.
- oxygen for example in the form of fresh air, to be introduced depending on the measured oxygen content, in order to maintain the inerting level.
- the oxygen content is not measured in the protective space in order to make it possible to maintain the set inerting level, but that the concentration of the inert gas contained therein, such as, for example, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, is detected in the protective space with a corresponding detector.
- concentration of the inert gas contained therein such as, for example, nitrogen or carbon dioxide
- the required amount of inert gas is determined in addition to the measurement of the oxygen value or the inert gas value, by means of an arithmetic calculation. Such a calculation should preferably take place in consideration of protection space-specific parameters, such as the air exchange rate, etc.
- Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B show in each case the oxygen concentration and the quantitative measured value of the fire parameter or the smoke level in a protective space to which a preferred embodiment of the inerting method according to the invention is applied. It is shown that the oxygen concentration is lowered to a Grundinertmaschinesclude and kept continuously until the time t0 in the shelter.
- the Grundinertmaschinesclude corresponds in this preferred example, a concentration of 17.0 vol .-% oxygen in the indoor air of the monitored shelter.
- the continuous maintenance of the oxygen content in the shelter at the basic inertization level up to the time t0 is preferably carried out by continuously measuring the oxygen concentration in the shelter and by a controlled introduction of inert gas or fresh air into the shelter.
- the term "maintaining the oxygen concentration at a certain inertization level” herein means maintaining the oxygen concentration within a certain control range, that is, within a range defined by upper and lower thresholds.
- the maximum amplitude of the oxygen concentration in this control range is adjustable in advance and is for example 0.1 to 0.4 vol .-%.
- the corresponding inertization level always represents the lower threshold value of the control range.
- this does not necessarily have to be the case in principle.
- a fire alarm is emitted by a fire characteristic detector (not shown) to a controller at time t0, which controls the performance of the inertization process according to the invention on an inert gas system.
- a first threshold value (alarm threshold 1)
- the oxygen content in the shelter is further lowered from the baseline inert level to the first descent level.
- the first lowering level (lowering level 1) in the illustrated curve corresponds to an oxygen concentration of 15.9% by volume.
- the lowering of the oxygen content to the first lowering level takes place within a shortest possible time. This is made possible by a rapid introduction of a predetermined amount of inert gas. Thus, shortly after alarming the fire alarm, the oxygen concentration in the shelter is lowered to the lowering level 1.
- the oxygen concentration is maintained at this first lowering level for a first predetermined time ⁇ T1.
- the quantitative limit value of the at least one fire parameter in the room air of the protective room is determined continuously with the fire characteristic quantity detector.
- the quantitative value of the fire parameter increases steadily in the room air of the shelter, despite the reduction of the oxygen content to the first subsidence level. This is an indication that despite the further reduced oxygen content of the fire in the shelter is not extinguished.
- the oxygen content in the shelter is maintained for a second predetermined time ⁇ T2. This is again done by controlled tracking of inert gas or by controlled introduction of fresh air.
- the reaffirmation of the fire alarm at time t2 causes the oxygen content in the shelter to be further lowered from the second descent level to the full inertization level, again by rapidly introducing a corresponding amount of inert gas.
- This corresponding amount of inert gas can be determined in advance depending on the room parameters of the shelter, such as the fire load and the size of the room and the tightness and the air exchange rate of the room.
- the curve of the Fig. 1A it can be seen that immediately after the time t2, that is immediately after the re-confirmation of the fire alarm, the oxygen concentration has reached the predetermined Vollinertmaschinesindi.
- the Vollinertmaschineshou is designed so that it corresponds to an oxygen concentration that is below the ignition limit of existing materials in the shelter (fire load). By setting the Vollinertmaschineshous in the shelter so the fire is completely extinguished by deoxygenation, while effectively preventing reignition of the materials in the shelter.
- the Vollinertmaschinesmat is thus set via two intermediate stages, namely the first and the second lowering level.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B shows another scenario in which after the first predetermined time .DELTA.T1 the fire in the shelter has already extinguished.
- the curve of the Fig. 2B In particular, it can be seen that after triggering the fire alarm at the time t0, the quantitative measured value of the fire parameter first stagnates and then continuously decreases, which is an indication that the fire in the shelter has gone out.
- the quantitative measured value of the fire parameter (cf. Fig. 2B ) below the first alarm threshold, so that at time t1 the fire alarm is not confirmed.
- the oxygen concentration in the shelter can be raised again to the basic inertization level the fire in the shelter is extinguished. This can be done for example by controlled introduction of fresh air.
- the increase in the oxygen concentration in the shelter to the basic inertization level upon unconfirmed fire alarm is either initiated automatically, for example by the inerting plant, with which the inertization process according to the invention is carried out.
- the increase in the oxygen concentration to the basic inerting level, even with an unconfirmed fire alarm may only take place with an additional (independent) release. This independent additional release may be, for example, a manual release of emergency services.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B Another scenario is shown in which, after lowering the oxygen concentration in the shelter to the first descent level at time t0 and after maintaining the oxygen concentration at the first descent level for the first predetermined time ⁇ T1, the fire that has broken out in the shelter is not completely extinguished, which This is noticeable by the fact that the quantitative measured value of the fire parameter in the time window ⁇ T1 does not decrease continuously, but stagnates or even increases slightly in part. In contrast to the scenarios described above, however, this is a fire that has only been partially extinguished or passed into a swell fire. However, the fire is not large enough that at time t1, ie after the first predetermined time ⁇ T1, the quantitative measured value of the fire parameter exceeds the second alarm threshold which serves to confirm the fire alarm.
- the first lowering level is held again for a first predetermined time .DELTA.T1, in order subsequently to be able to make a statement about the fire condition of the protective space, that is to say at time t2. If, at the time t2, that is, after the second expiry of the first predetermined time, the quantitative measured value of the fire parameter is still above the first alarm threshold, it is provided in this illustrated embodiment that the oxygen concentration is further lowered from the first subsidence level to the second subsidence level as the Fig. 3A can be seen.
- the first lowering level is again held for a further first predetermined time ⁇ T1, and that subsequently a decision is made with regard to the further course of action.
- the first and the second predetermined time ⁇ T1 and ⁇ T2 are selected application-specific. Furthermore, it should be noted that the oxygen concentrations, which correspond to the respective inerting levels in the illustrated embodiments, are of course only exemplary. It should also be noted that the decision criteria and scenarios described above with regard to the first subsidence level are, of course, also applicable analogously with regard to the second subsidence level.
- the inventive method requires the regular or continuous monitoring of the oxygen content and the fire characteristics content in the target area.
- the oxygen concentration or the inert gas concentration and the quantitative value of the fire parameter or the concentration of the smoke level in the target area is regularly and permanently determined by appropriate sensors and fed to a controller of an inert gas fire extinguishing system, in response to the extinguishing agent supply or the fresh air supply to the target area controls.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos und zum Löschen von Bränden in einem Schutzraum, wobei der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum zunächst auf ein bestimmtes Grundinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird, und wobei dann der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum auf dem Grundinertisierungsniveau kontinuierlich gehalten wird.The present invention relates to an inerting method for reducing the risk and extinguishing fires in a shelter, wherein the oxygen content in the shelter is first lowered to a certain baseline inertial level, and then the oxygen content in the shelter is maintained continuously at the basic inertization level.
Ein solches Inertisierungsverfahren ist dem Grunde nach aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Beispielsweise ist in der
Diesem Inertisierungsverfahren liegt die Kenntnis zugrunde, dass in geschlossenen Räumen, die nur gelegentlich von Mensch oder Tier betreten werden und deren Einrichtungen sensibel auf Wassereinwirkung reagieren, der Brandgefahr dadurch begegnet werden kann, dass die Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem betroffenen Bereich auf einen Wert von im Mittel etwa 12 Vol-% abgesenkt wird. Bei dieser Sauerstoffkonzentration können die meisten brennbaren Materialien nicht mehr brennen. Haupteinsatzgebiet sind EDV-Bereiche, elektrische Schalt- und Verteilerräume, umschlossene Einrichtungen sowie Lagerbereiche mit hochwertigen Wirtschaftsgütern. Die bei diesem Verfahren resultierende Löschwirkung beruht auf dem Prinzip der Sauerstoffverdrängung. Die normale Umgebungsluft besteht bekanntlich zu 21 Vol.-% aus Sauerstoff, zu 78 Vol.-% aus Stickstoff und zu 1 Vol.-% aus sonstigen Gasen. Zum Löschen wird durch Einleiten von Stickstoff die Stickstoffkonzentration in dem betreffenden Raum weiter erhöht und damit der Sauerstoffanteil verringert. Es ist bekannt, dass eine Löschwirkung einsetzt, wenn der Sauerstoffanteil unter 15 Vol.-% absinkt. Abhängig von den in dem Schutzraum vorhandenen brennbaren Materialien kann ein weiteres Absenken des Sauerstoffanteils auf die genannten 12 Vol.-% erforderlich sein.This inertization method is based on the knowledge that in enclosed spaces which are only occasionally entered by humans or animals and whose facilities react sensitively to the action of water, the risk of fire can be counteracted by the fact that the oxygen concentration in the affected area has a value of approximately 12% by volume is lowered. At this oxygen concentration, the most combustible materials stop burning. The main areas of application are EDP areas, electrical switch and distribution rooms, enclosed facilities as well as storage areas with high-quality assets. The extinguishing effect resulting from this process is based on the principle of oxygen displacement. The normal ambient air is known to be 21% by volume of oxygen, 78% by volume of nitrogen and 1% by volume of other gases. For the purpose of extinguishing, by introducing nitrogen, the nitrogen concentration in the relevant space is further increased, thereby reducing the oxygen content. It is known that a extinguishing effect begins when the oxygen content drops below 15% by volume. Depending on the flammable materials present in the shelter, a further lowering of the oxygen content to the mentioned 12 vol.% May be required.
Unter dem hierin verwendeten Begriff "Grundinertisierungsniveau" ist ein im Vergleich zum Sauerstoffgehalt der normalen Umgebungsluft reduzierter Sauerstoffgehalt zu verstehen, wobei allerdings dieser reduzierte Sauerstoffgehalt noch keinerlei Gefährdung von Personen oder Tieren bedeutet, so dass diese den Schutzraum noch problemlos betreten können. Das Grundinertisierungsniveau entspricht beispielsweise einem Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum von 15 Vol.-%, 16 Vol.-% oder 17 Vol.-%.The term "base inertization level" as used herein means a reduced oxygen level compared to the oxygen level of normal ambient air, but this reduced level of oxygen does not present any danger to persons or animals, so that they can easily enter the shelter. The basic inerting level corresponds, for example, to an oxygen content in the protected space of 15% by volume, 16% by volume or 17% by volume.
Hingegen ist unter dem Begriff "Vollinertisierungsniveau" ein im Vergleich zum Sauerstoffgehalt des Grundinertisierungsniveaus weiter reduzierter Sauerstoffgehalt zu verstehen, bei welchem die Entflammbarkeit der meisten Materialien bereits soweit herabgesetzt ist, dass sich diese nicht mehr entzünden können. Abhängig von der in dem betroffenen Schutzraum vorhandenen Brandlast liegt das Vollinertisierungsniveau in der Regel bei 11 Vol.-% oder 12 Vol.-% Sauerstoffkonzentration.On the other hand, the term "full inertization level" is to be understood as meaning a further reduced oxygen content in comparison to the oxygen content of the basic inertization level, in which the flammability of most materials has already been reduced to such an extent that they can no longer be ignited. Depending on the fire load present in the affected shelter, the full inertization level is usually 11 vol.% Or 12 vol.% Oxygen concentration.
Bei der aus der
Allerdings hat sich bei der praktischen Anwendung dieses bekannten Verfahrens als problematisch erwiesen, dass bei dem Inertisierungsverfahren im Falle eines Brandes, das heißt dann, wenn in der Atmosphäre des Schutzraumes eine Brandkenngröße nachgewiesen wird, in dem Schutzraum der Sauerstoffgehalt sehr rasch auf das bestimmte Vollinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt werden muss. Dies erfolgt dadurch, dass im Brandfall das notwendige Gasvolumen innerhalb einer sehr kurzen Zeit in den Schutzraum eingeleitet wird, um in effektiver Weise zur Löschung des Brandes beitragen zu können. Zwar wurde bei dem bekannten und vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahren das Problem der Lagerung der zum Einstellen des Vollinertisierungsniveaus notwendigen Inertgasflaschen weitestgehend gelöst, allerdings hat es sich als problematisch erwiesen, dass beim Einstellen des Vollinertisierungsniveaus innerhalb kürzester Zeit ein (wenn auch reduziertes) Gasvolumen des Inertgases in den Schutzraum eingeleitet werden muss, was häufig im Hinblick auf die notwendige Druckentlastung des Schutzraumes nicht durchführbar ist. Selbst das Einströmen des reduzierten Gasvolumens zur Herstellung des Vollinertisierungsniveaus erweist sich insbesondere bei Schutzräumen, in denen keine bauliche Entlastung vorgesehen ist, als problematisch.However, in the practical application of this known method has proven to be problematic that in the inerting process in the event of a fire, that is, when in the atmosphere of the shelter a fire characteristic is detected, the oxygen content in the shelter lowered very quickly to the certain Vollinertisierungsniveau must become. This is done by the fact that in case of fire, the necessary gas volume is introduced into the shelter within a very short time in order to effectively contribute to the extinction of the fire can. Although in the known and described method, the problem of storage of inert gas bottles necessary for adjusting the Vollinertisierungsniveaus has been largely solved, but it has proved to be problematic that when setting the Vollinertisierungsniveaus within a very short time (albeit reduced) gas volume of the inert gas in the Shelter must be initiated, which is often not feasible in terms of the necessary pressure relief of the shelter. Even the inflow of the reduced gas volume to produce the Vollinertisierungsniveaus proves to be particularly problematic in shelters in which no structural relief is provided.
Des weiteren ist bei dem vorstehend beschriebenen Stand der Technik vorgesehen, dass im Falle eines Brandes die Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem Schutzraum unabhängig von der Größe des Brandes bzw. der Art des Brandes durch Freigabe der gesamten bevorrateten Löschmittelmenge auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird. Insbesondere ist bei dem Stand der Technik keine Differenzierung dahingehend vorgesehen, in welchem Stadium sich der Brand bereits befindet. So erfolgt die Einstellung des Vollinertisierungsniveaus unabhängig von der Frage, ob beispielsweise ein tiefsitzender Glutbrand oder nur ein Schwellbrand vorliegt, oder welche Materialien in dem Schutzraum Feuer gefangen haben. Wenn sich in dem Schutzraum beispielsweise nur Feststoffe entzündet haben, würde eine Vollinertisierung des Schutzraumes zur Brandbekämpfung auf etwa 14 Vol.-% Sauerstoff ausreichen, um eine Entzündung des Feststoffes wirkungsvoll zu verhindern, da die Entzündungsgrenze bei Feststoffen bei etwa 15 Vol.-% Sauerstoff liegt. Wenn andererseits brennbare Flüssigkeiten in dem Schutzraum Feuer gefangen haben, die bekannterweise eine Entzündungsgrenze unter 15 Vol.-% aufweisen, so muss die Vollinertisierung zur Bekämpfung des Brandes auf die genannten 12 Vol.-% Sauerstoff oder geringer durchgeführt werden.Furthermore, it is provided in the prior art described above, that in the event of a fire, the oxygen concentration in the shelter regardless of the size of the fire or the type of fire by releasing the total amount of extinguished extinguishing agent is lowered to the Vollinertisierungsniveau. In particular, no differentiation is provided in the prior art as to what stage the fire is already located. Thus, the setting of the Vollinertisierungsniveaus regardless of the question of whether, for example, a deep-seated conflagration or just a Schwellbrand is present, or which materials have caught fire in the shelter. For example, if only solids were ignited within the shelter, then full sanitation of the firefighting enclosure would be sufficient to contain about 14% by volume of oxygen to effectively prevent ignition of the solid, since the solids firing limit is about 15% by volume of oxygen lies. On the other hand, if flammable liquids in the shelter have caught fire, which is known to have an ignition limit below 15% by volume, then the full inertization must be carried out to combat the fire to said 12 vol .-% oxygen or less.
Bei dem bekannten Verfahren erfolgt allerdings - unabhängig von der Entzündungsgrenze des in dem Schutzraum brennenden Materials - grundsätzlich eine Vollinertisierung auf beispielsweise die genannten 11 Vol.-% Sauerstoff, so dass unter Umständen wesentlich mehr Inertgas dem Schutzraum zugeführt wird, als es zur Bekämpfung des Brandes notwendig wäre.In the known method, however - irrespective of the ignition limit of the material burning in the protected area - in principle a Vollinertisierung on, for example, said 11 vol .-% oxygen, so that under certain circumstances significantly more inert gas is supplied to the shelter than it to combat the fire would be necessary.
Ausgehend von dieser Problemstellung liegt nun der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, das aus der
Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem eingangs genannten Inertisierungsverfahren dadurch gelöst, dass im Schutzraum kontinuierlich oder zu vorgegebenen Zeiten oder in Abhängigkeit von bestimmten vorgegebenen Ereignissen zumindest eine Brandkenngröße gemessen wird, um zu ermitteln, ob oder ob nicht in dem Schutzraum ein Brand vorliegt, und dass im Falle eines Brandes in dem Schutzraum der Sauerstoffgehalt von dem Grundinertisierungsniveau zunächst auf ein erstes Absenkungsniveau weiter abgesenkt wird, der Sauerstoffgehalt für eine erste vorgegebene Zeit auf diesem ersten Absenkungsniveau kontinuierlich gehalten wird, und dass in einem Fall, wenn der Brand nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit noch nicht erloschen ist, der Sauerstoffgehalt von dem ersten Absenkungsniveau weiter auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird.This object is achieved in the inerting method mentioned above in that in the shelter at least or a predetermined times or depending on certain predetermined events at least one fire parameter is measured to determine whether or not in the shelter a fire is present, and that in In the event of a fire in the shelter, the oxygen content is further lowered from the base inertization level to a first lowering level, the oxygen content is continuously maintained for a first predetermined time at this first lowering level, and in a case when the fire is after the first predetermined time has elapsed is not yet extinguished, the oxygen content is lowered from the first subsidence level further to the Vollinertisierungsniveau.
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegen insbesondere darin, dass - zusätzlich zu dem bereits aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Vorteil der geringeren Lagerkapazität für Inertgasflaschen - im Brandfall zunächst ein geringeres Gasvolumen in den Schutzraum eingeleitet wird, so dass in dem Schutzraum keine bauliche Druckentlastung mehr vorgesehen sein muss. Somit kann auf Druckentlastungsöffnungen in dem Schutzraum gänzlich verzichtet werden. Anders ausgedrückt bedeutet dies, dass mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung das Inertisierungsverfahren zur Brandbekämpfung nahezu bei jeder Räumlichkeit angewandt werden kann, insbesondere ohne dass in diesen Räumlichkeiten spezielle Druckentlastungsöffnungen vorgesehen sein müssen.The advantages of the method according to the invention are, in particular, that - in addition to the already known from the prior art advantage of lower storage capacity for inert gas - initially a smaller volume of gas is introduced into the shelter in case of fire, so that provided no structural pressure relief more in the shelter have to be. Thus, can be completely dispensed with pressure relief openings in the shelter. In other words, this means that with the solution according to the invention, the inerting method can be used for firefighting almost every room, especially without that special pressure relief openings must be provided in these premises.
Das erste Absenkungsniveau ist dabei derart gewählt, dass es zwischen dem Grundinertisierungsniveau, bei welchem zur Minimierung des Risikos einer Brandentstehung in dem Schutzraum der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum im Vergleich zum Sauerstoffgehalt der normalen Atmosphäre bereits reduziert ist, und dem Vollinertisierungsniveau liegt, bei welchem die Entflammbarkeit der in dem Schutzraum vorhandenen Materialien soweit herabgesetzt ist, dass sich diese nicht mehr entzünden können.The first descent level is selected to be between the base inerting level at which, to minimize the risk of fire in the shelter, the oxygen content in the shelter is already reduced compared to the oxygen level of the normal atmosphere and the full inertization level at which the flammability the existing materials in the shelter is reduced so much that they can no longer ignite.
Hierbei sei darauf hingewiesen, dass das Grundinertisierungsniveau, welches im Schutzraum vorab, das heißt vor der Detektion eines Brandes, eingestellt wird, einer beliebigen, im Vergleich zur Sauerstoffkonzentration der normalen Atmosphäre reduzierten Sauerstoffkonzentration entsprechen kann, bei welcher eine freie Begehbarkeit des Schutzraumes noch gegeben ist. Dieses Grundinertisierungsniveau kann selbstverständlich auch eine Sauerstoffkonzentration entsprechen, die verschieden von den eingangs beschriebenen 15 Vol.-% ist. Denkbar wäre beispielsweise als Grundinertisierungsniveau eine Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem Schutzraum von 17 Vol.-% einzustellen, wenn dies im Einzelfall erforderlich ist.It should be noted that the Grundinertisierungsniveau, which is set in advance in the shelter, that is, before the detection of a fire, can correspond to any, compared to the oxygen concentration of the normal atmosphere reduced oxygen concentration at which a free accessibility of the shelter still exists , This basic inerting level may of course also correspond to an oxygen concentration which is different from the 15% by volume described in the beginning. It would be conceivable, for example, to set an oxygen concentration in the protective space of 17% by volume as the basic inerting level, if this is necessary in individual cases.
Da aber aus medizinischer Sicht unter Einhaltung besonderer Anweisungen der Aufenthalt in Bereichen mit sauerstoffreduzierter Umgebungsatmosphäre (bei ca. 1 bar absolutem Umgebungsdruck) bis zu einer Sauerstoffkonzentration von 13 Vol.-% unbedenklich ist, wäre es selbstverständlich auch denkbar, bei der Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens ein Grundinertisierungsniveau von beispielsweise 14 Vol.-% oder 13,5 Vol.-% einzustellen.Since, however, from a medical point of view in compliance with special instructions staying in areas with oxygen-reduced ambient atmosphere (at about 1 bar absolute ambient pressure) up to an oxygen concentration of 13 vol .-% harmless, it would of course also conceivable in the realization of the inerting process according to the invention to set a basic inerting level of, for example, 14% by volume or 13.5% by volume.
Wesentlich ist, dass bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren nach dem Absenken des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf das bestimmte Grundinertisierungsniveau auch der Sauerstoffgehalt auf diesem Grundinertisierungsniveau kontinuierlich gehalten wird. Dies erfolgt beispielsweise durch regelmäßiges oder kontinuierliches Messen des Sauerstoffgehaltes in dem Schutzraum und durch geregeltes Einleiten von Inertgas in den Schutzraum, um den Sauerstoffgehalt auf dem Grundinertisierungsniveau zu halten. Selbstverständlich ist hierbei aber auch denkbar, dass zusätzlich zu dem geregelten Einleiten von Inertgas zur Haltung des Grundinertisierungsniveaus auch Frischluft in den Schutzraum in geregelter Weise eingeleitet wird, um beispielsweise zu verhindern, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt aufgrund eines Einleitens einer zu großen Menge von Inertgas unter das Grundinertisierungsniveau fällt.It is essential that in the inertization process according to the invention, after lowering the oxygen content to the specific basic inerting level, the oxygen content is also kept continuously at this basic inerting level. This is done, for example, by regularly or continuously measuring the oxygen content in the shelter and by controlled introduction of inert gas into the shelter to maintain the oxygen content at the basic inertization level. Of course, however, it is also conceivable that in addition to the controlled introduction of inert gas for maintaining the Grundinertisierungsniveaus fresh air is introduced into the shelter in a controlled manner, for example, to prevent the oxygen content due to introduction of an excessive amount of inert gas below the Grundinertisierungsniveau falls.
Der Fachmann erkennt dabei, dass unter dem hierin verwendeten Begriff "Halten des Sauerstoffgehalts auf einem bestimmten Inertisierungsniveau" das Halten des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf dem Inertisierungsniveau mit einem gewissen Regelbereich zu verstehen ist, wobei der Regelbereich vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Schutzraumes (beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von einer für den Schutzraum geltenden Luftwechselrate oder in Abhängigkeit von den in dem Schutzraum gelagerten Materialien) und/oder in Abhängigkeit von dem Typ der zum Einsatz kommenden Inertisierungsanlage gewählt sein kann, mit welcher das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausgeführt wird. In typischer Weise liegt ein derartiger Regelbereich bei 0,1 bis 0,4 Vol.-%. Selbstverständlich sind aber auch andere Regelbereichsgrößen denkbar.The person skilled in the art recognizes that the term "holding the oxygen content at a certain inertization level" as used herein means maintaining the oxygen content at the inertization level with a certain control range, the control range preferably being dependent on the type of protective space (for example, depending on from an air exchange rate applicable to the shelter or depending on the materials stored in the shelter) and / or depending on the type of inerting plant used, with which the method according to the invention is carried out. Typically, such a control range is 0.1 to 0.4% by volume. Of course, other control range sizes are also conceivable.
Zusätzlich zu der oben genannten kontinuierlichen bzw. regelmäßigen Messung des Sauerstoffgehaltes kann allerdings auch das Halten des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf dem bestimmten Inertisierungsniveau in Abhängigkeit einer zuvor durchgeführten Berechnung erfolgen, wobei in dieser Berechnung bestimmte Auslegungsparameter des Schutzraumes einfließen, wie etwa beispielsweise die für den Schutzraum geltende Luftwechselrate, insbesondere der n50-Wert des Schutzraumes, und/oder die Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Schutzraum und der Umgebung.In addition to the abovementioned continuous or regular measurement of the oxygen content, however, it is also possible to maintain the oxygen content at the determined inertization level as a function of a previously performed calculation, in which calculation certain design parameters of the protective space are incorporated, such as, for example, the air exchange rate valid for the shelter , in particular the n50 value of the protection space, and / or the pressure difference between the protection space and the environment.
Hinsichtlich des Vollinertisierungsniveaus, welches bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren dann eingestellt wird, wenn der Brand nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit noch nicht erloschen ist, sei angemerkt, dass dieses Vollinertisierungsniveau einem Sauerstoffgehalt entspricht, bei welchem ein Brand in dem Schutzraum wirksam durch Sauerstoffverdrängung zum Erlöschen gebracht werden kann. Das Vollinertisierungsniveau ist dabei vorab in Abhängigkeit der Brandlast des Schutzraumes gewählt und entspricht beispielsweise einem Sauerstoffgehalt von 11 oder 12 Vol.-% oder darunter. Insbesondere für Schutzräume, in denen leicht entzündliche flüssige Materialien gelagert sind, ist für das schutzraumspezifische Vollinertisierungsniveau unter Umständen eine noch geringere Sauerstoffkonzentration zu wählen.With respect to the full inertization level set in the inertization process of the present invention when the fire has not yet extinguished after the lapse of the first predetermined time, it should be noted that this full inertization level corresponds to an oxygen content at which fire in the shelter is effectively extinguished by oxygen displacement can be. The Vollinertisierungsniveau is chosen in advance depending on the fire load of the shelter and corresponds, for example, an oxygen content of 11 or 12 vol .-% or below. In particular, for shelters in which highly flammable liquid materials are stored, it may be necessary to select an even lower oxygen concentration for the protection chamber-specific full inertization level.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass im Falle eines Brandes der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum von dem vorab eingestellten Grundinertisierungsniveau auf das erste Absenkungsniveau abgesenkt wird. Die Absenkung auf das erste Absenkungsniveau erfolgt beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit eines entsprechenden Signals von einer Branderkennungsvorrichtung zum Detektieren einer Brandkenngröße in der Raumluft des Schutzraumes.The method according to the invention is characterized in that, in the event of a fire, the oxygen content in the protection space is lowered from the preset initial inerting level to the first lowering level. The lowering to the first lowering level occurs, for example, as a function of a corresponding signal from a fire detection device for detecting a fire parameter in the room air of the protective room.
Unter dem Begriff "Brandkenngröße" werden physikalische Größen verstanden, die in der Umgebungsluft eines Entstehungsbrandes messbaren Veränderungen unterliegen, z.B. die Umgebungstemperatur, der Feststoff- oder Flüssigkeits- oder Gasanteil in der Umgebungsluft (Bildung von Rauch in Form von Partikeln oder Aerosolen oder Dampf) oder die Umgebungsstrahlung. Beispielsweise können bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren, insbesondere nach der Absenkung des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau, mittels eines aspirativen Branderkennungssystems der Raumluft in dem zu überwachenden Schutzraum ständig repräsentative Luftproben entnommen und einem Detektor für Brandkenngrößen zugefügt werden, der im Brandfall ein entsprechendes Signal an eine das Inertisierungsverfahren steuernde Steuerung zum Einstellen des ersten Absenkungsniveaus abgibt. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine verfahrenstechnische Umsetzung der Verbindung einer bekannten aspirativen Branderkennungsvorrichtung mit der Inertgaslöschtechnik, welche auf dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren beruht.The term "fire characteristic" is understood to mean physical quantities which undergo measurable changes in the ambient air of an incipient fire, e.g. the ambient temperature, the solid or liquid or gas content in the ambient air (formation of smoke in the form of particles or aerosols or vapor) or the ambient radiation. For example, in the inerting process according to the invention, in particular after the oxygen content has been reduced to the basic inertization level, constantly representative air samples can be taken from the room air in the protected area to be monitored and added to a detector for fire parameters which in case of fire sends a corresponding signal to the inertization process controlling controller for setting the first lowering level outputs. This is a procedural implementation of the connection of a known aspirative fire detection device with the inert gas extinguishing technique, which is based on the inertization process according to the invention.
Unter einer aspirativen Branderkennungsvorrichtung ist dabei eine Branderkennungsvorrichtung zu verstehen, die beispielsweise über ein Rohrleitungs- oder Kanalsystem an einer Vielzahl von Stellen innerhalb des Schutzraumes eine repräsentative Teilmenge der Raumluft des zu überwachenden Schutzraumes ansaugt und diese Teilmenge dann einer Messkammer mit dem Detektor zum Erfassen einer Brandkenngröße zuleitet. Insbesondere wäre es denkbar, dass dieser Detektor zum Erfassen einer Brandkenngröße derart ausgelegt ist, ein Signal auszugeben, welches auch eine quantitative Aussage hinsichtlich der in der angesaugten Teilmenge der Raumluft vorhandenen Brandkenngrößen ermöglicht. Damit wäre es möglich, den zeitlichen Verlauf des Brandes bzw. den zeitlichen Verlauf der Entwicklung des Brandes zu erfassen, um somit die Wirksamkeit des Einstellens und des Haltens der unterschiedlichen Inertisierungsniveaus im Schutzraum zu bestimmen. Insbesondere wäre es möglich, somit eine Aussage darüber zu erhalten, welche erforderliche Menge Inertgas noch dem Schutzraum zur Brandlöschung zugeführt werden muss.An aspirative fire detection device is to be understood as a fire detection device which sucks, for example via a pipeline or duct system at a plurality of locations within the shelter, a representative subset of the room air of the protected space to be monitored and this subset then a measuring chamber with the detector for detecting a fire characteristic feeds. In particular, it would be conceivable that this detector for detecting a fire parameter is designed in such a way to output a signal which also makes possible a quantitative statement with regard to the fire parameters present in the sucked subset of the ambient air. Thus, it would be possible to record the time course of the fire or the time course of the development of the fire, so as to determine the effectiveness of setting and holding the different inerting in the shelter. In particular, it would be possible to obtain a statement about which required amount of inert gas still needs to be supplied to the shelter for fire extinguishment.
Nach dem Absenken des Sauerstoffgehaltes von dem Grundinertisierungsniveau auf das erste Absenkungsniveau wird der Sauerstoffgehalt auf diesem ersten Absenkungsniveau kontinuierlich für eine erste vorgegebene Zeit gehalten. Diese erste vorgegebene Zeit ist in vorteilhafter Weise in Abhängigkeit von dem Schutzraum, in Abhängigkeit von der in dem Schutzraum gelagerten Brandlast und/oder in Abhängigkeit von anderen Parametern gewählt und beträgt beispielsweise 10 Minuten. Insbesondere sollte sich bei der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit um ein Zeitintervall handeln, welches lang genug ist, um mit hinreichender Genauigkeit eine Aussage dahingehend treffen zu können, ob das Absenken des Sauerstoffgehaltes von dem Grundinertisierungsniveaus auf das erste Absenkungsniveau zur vollständigen Brandlöschung im Schutzraum geführt hat. Andererseits sollte die erste vorgegebene Zeit ein Zeitintervall sein, welches hinreichend kurz ist, um zu verhindern, dass durch das verzögerte Einstellen des Vollinertisierungsniveaus in dem Schutzraum durch den dort ausgebrochenen Brand größerer Schaden angerichtet wird.After lowering the oxygen content from the base inerting level to the first subsidence level, the oxygen content at this first subsidence level is maintained continuously for a first predetermined time. This first predetermined time is advantageously chosen as a function of the shelter, depending on the fire load stored in the shelter and / or depending on other parameters, and is for example 10 minutes. In particular, the first predetermined time should be a time interval which is long enough to be sufficient Accuracy to make a statement as to whether the lowering of the oxygen content of the Grundinertisierungsniveaus to the first subsidence level has led to complete fire extinction in the shelter. On the other hand, the first predetermined time should be a time interval which is sufficiently short to prevent more damage being caused by the delayed setting of the full inertization level in the shelter due to the fire which has broken out there.
Ob oder ob nicht der Brand nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit in dem Schutzraum erloschen ist, kann beispielsweise durch eine vorzugsweise quantitative Messung von zumindest einer Brandkenngröße in einer aktiv angesaugten repräsentativen Teilmenge der Raumluft bestimmt werden. Selbstverständlich sind aber auch andere Verfahren denkbar, mit denen bestimmt werden kann, ob der Brand nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit in dem Schutzraum bereits erloschen ist.Whether or not the fire has extinguished after the expiration of the first predetermined time in the shelter can be determined, for example, by a preferably quantitative measurement of at least one fire parameter in an actively drawn-in representative subset of the room air. Of course, other methods are also conceivable with which it can be determined whether the fire has already extinguished after the first predetermined time in the shelter.
Vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.
So ist bei einer besonders bevorzugten Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens vorgesehen, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum von dem ersten Absenkungsniveau zunächst auf ein von dem Vollinertisierungsniveau verschiedenes, zweites Absenkungsniveau weiter abgesenkt und auf diesem zweiten Absenkungsniveau kontinuierlich für eine zweite vorgegebene Zeit gehalten wird, wenn der Brand nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit noch nicht erloschen ist, wobei anschließend, wenn der Brand nach Ablauf der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit immer noch nicht erloschen ist, der Sauerstoffgehalt von dem zweiten Absenkungsniveau weiter auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird.Thus, in a particularly preferred realization of the inerting method according to the invention, it is provided that the oxygen content in the shelter is further lowered from the first subsidence level to a second subsidence level other than the full inertization level and maintained continuously at that second subsidence level for a second predetermined time when the second subsidence level Fire after the first predetermined time is not extinguished, and then, if the fire is still not extinguished after the second predetermined time, the oxygen content is lowered from the second lowering level further to the Vollinertisierungsniveau.
Das zweite Absenkungsniveau dieser bevorzugten Weiterentwicklung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens liegt in vorteilhafter Weise zwischen dem ersten Absenkungsniveau und dem Vollinertisierungsniveau und ist - wie auch das erste Absenkungsniveau - in Abhängigkeit von dem Schutzraum sowie in Abhängigkeit von der in dem Schutzraum gelagerten Brandlast gewählt. Selbstverständlich ist aber auch denkbar, das erste und/oder das zweite Absenkungsniveau in Abhängigkeit von der technischen Realisierung einer zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens vorgesehenen Inertisierungsanlage zu wählen.The second lowering level of this preferred further development of the inerting method according to the invention is advantageously between the first lowering level and the full inerting level and, like the first lowering level, is selected as a function of the shelter and depending on the fire load stored in the shelter. Of course, however, it is also conceivable to select the first and / or the second lowering level as a function of the technical realization of an inerting system provided for carrying out the inerting process according to the invention.
Der Vorteil dieser bevorzugten Weiterentwicklung liegt auf der Hand: durch das Einführen eines weiteren Absenkungsniveaus zwischen dem ersten Absenkungsniveau und dem Vollinertisierungsniveau ist es möglich, das Inertisierungsverfahren noch genauer an den zu überwachenden Schutzraum anzupassen. Insbesondere erfolgt somit in einem Brandfall die Absenkung von dem Grundinertisierungsniveau auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau über zwei Zwischen-Absenkungsniveaus, wodurch das eingangs beschriebene Problem hinsichtlich der notwendigen Druckentlastung in dem Schutzraum noch weiter entschärft ist.The advantage of this preferred further development is obvious: by introducing a further lowering level between the first lowering level and the full inerting level, it is possible to adapt the inerting method even more precisely to the protected space to be monitored. In particular, therefore, in a fire, the lowering of the Grundinertisierungsniveau to the Vollinertisierungsniveau about two intermediate lowering levels, whereby the problem described above in terms of the necessary pressure relief in the shelter is further mitigated.
Auch kann, da der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum auf dem zweiten Absenkungsniveau für eine zweite vorgegebene Zeit gehalten wird, die zur endgültigen und wirksamen Löschung des Brandes notwendige Gasmenge noch genauer eingestellt werden. So ist es beispielsweise denkbar, dass der Brand nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit noch nicht vollständig gelöscht wurde, da in dem Schutzraum Materialien Feuer gefangen haben, deren kritische Entzündungsgrenze noch unterhalb des Sauerstoffgehaltes liegt, welcher dem ersten Absenkungsniveau entspricht. Da der Sauerstoffgehalt, der dem zweiten Absenkungsniveau entspricht, unterhalb des Sauerstoffgehaltes des ersten Absenkungsniveaus liegt, kann durch das Einstellen und Halten des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf das zweite Absenkungsniveau für die zweite vorgegebene Zeit auch ein Brand von Materialien gelöscht werden, deren kritische Entzündungsgrenze zwar unterhalb des ersten Absenkungsniveaus aber oberhalb des zweiten Absenkungsniveaus liegt. Anders ausgedrückt bedeutet dies, dass in solch einem Fall bereits eine wirksame Brandlöschung erzielbar ist, ohne dass der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt werden muss. Hieran ist zu erkennen, dass bei der Wahl des ersten und des zweiten Absenkungsniveaus die in dem zu überwachenden Schutzraum vorhandene Brandlast eine bedeutende Rolle spielen kann.Also, since the oxygen content in the shelter is maintained at the second subsidence level for a second predetermined time, the amount of gas necessary to finally and effectively extinguish the fire can be more accurately adjusted. Thus, it is conceivable, for example, that the fire has not been completely extinguished after the first predetermined time has expired, since materials have caught fire in the protective space whose critical ignition limit is still below the oxygen content which corresponds to the first subsidence level. Since the oxygen content corresponding to the second subsidence level is below the oxygen content of the first subsidence level, setting and maintaining the oxygen content at the second subsidence level for the second predetermined time may also extinguish a fire of materials whose critical ignition limit is below the first subsidence level Lowering levels but above the second lowering level is. In other words, in such a case, effective fire extinguishment is already achievable without having to lower the oxygen content in the shelter to the full inertization level. It can be seen here that in the choice of the first and second lowering levels, the fire load present in the protected space to be monitored can play an important role.
Im Hinblick auf die zweite vorgegebene Zeit, während welcher der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum auf dem zweiten Absenkungsniveau gehalten wird, gilt im wesentlichen das vorstehend im Zusammenhang mit der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit Gesagte.With respect to the second predetermined time during which the oxygen content in the shelter is maintained at the second subsidence level, what has been said above in relation to the first predetermined time is substantially the same.
Um zu erreichen, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren ein in dem Schutzraum ausgebrochener Brand effektiv gelöscht werden kann, auch wenn die Reduzierung des Sauerstoffgehaltes von dem Grundinertisierungsniveau auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau über mehrere Absenkungsniveaus erfolgt, ist in einer bevorzugten Weiterentwicklung vorgesehen, dass in dem Schutzraum so lange das Vollinertisierungsniveau kontinuierlich gehalten wird, bis der Brand vollständig erloschen ist. Das Ereignis des vollständigen Erlöschens des Brandes in dem Schutzraum wird in bevorzugter Weise wieder mittels eines entsprechenden Detektors zur Erfassung von Brandkenngrößen erkannt. Auch hier bietet sich wieder eine aspirative Branderkennungsvorrichtung an, wie sie bereits zuvor beschrieben wurde. Selbstverständlich ist im Hinblick auf das Halten des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf dem Vollinertisierungsniveau auch denkbar, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum zeitweilig auch deutlich unterhalb der für das Vollinertisierungsniveau kritischen Sauerstoffkonzentration liegen kann. Die untere Grenze des Regelbereiches, innerhalb welchem der Sauerstoffgehalt beim Halten des Vollinertisierungsniveaus einzuregeln ist, kann einen nach unten hin beliebigen Wert annehmen. Selbstverständlich ist zur Erfassung des Ereignisses der vollständigen Erlöschung des Brandes in dem Schutzraum auch ein anderes Verfahren, beispielsweise ein optisches Verfahren, anwendbar. Auch wäre es denkbar, dass in dem Schutzraum das Vollinertisierungsniveau so lange gehalten wird, bis eine manuelle Freigabe, beispielsweise von bereits eingetroffenen Einsatzkräften, erfolgt.In order to achieve that the inertisation process according to the invention can effectively extinguish a fire that has broken out in the protection space, even if the reduction of the oxygen content from the base inerting level to the full inertisation level takes place over a plurality of subsidence levels, it is provided in a preferred development that the protection space remains so long the full inertization level is maintained continuously until the fire is completely extinguished. The event of complete extinguishment of the fire in the shelter is detected in a preferred manner again by means of a corresponding detector for detecting fire characteristics. Again, there is again an aspirative fire detection device, as already described above. Of course, with regard to maintaining the oxygen content at the Vollinertisierungsniveau also conceivable that the oxygen content in the shelter may temporarily be well below the critical for Vollinertisierungsniveau oxygen concentration. The lower limit of the control range within which the oxygen content is to be controlled while maintaining the full inertization level may be any value downwards. Of course, to detect the event of complete extinguishment of the fire in the shelter, another method, such as an optical method, is applicable. It would also be conceivable that the Vollinertisierungsniveau is held in the shelter until a manual release, for example, from already arrived emergency services, takes place.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterentwicklung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren ist vorgesehen, dass nach Ablauf der ersten und/oder der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum wieder auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau angehoben wird, wenn nach Ablauf der ersten oder der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit der Brand in dem Schutzraum erloschen ist. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine verfahrenstechnische Weiterentwicklung, mit der erreicht wird, dass in den Schutzraum nur die zur Brandlöschung erforderliche Gasmenge zugeführt wird, wobei insbesondere das Inertisierungsniveau stufenweise herabgesetzt wird, bis der Brand erloschen ist, und wobei nach dem Erlöschen des Brandes eine weitere Reduzierung des Sauerstoffgehaltes, beispielsweise auf das zweite Absenkungsniveau oder auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau nicht mehr erfolgt. Dadurch kann insbesondere Inertgas eingespart werden.In a further preferred further development of the inerting method according to the invention, it is provided that, after the first and / or the second predetermined time has elapsed, the oxygen content in the protective space is raised again to the basic inerting level if, after the first or the second predetermined time has elapsed, the fire in the protective space has gone out. This is a procedural development, with the result that in the shelter only the amount of gas required for extinguishing fire is supplied, in particular the inerting is gradually reduced until the fire is extinguished, and wherein after the extinguishment of the fire another Reduction of the oxygen content, for example, to the second subsidence level or on the Vollinertisierungsniveau no longer occurs. As a result, in particular inert gas can be saved.
Besonders bevorzugt ist bei der zuletzt genannten Weiterentwicklung des Inertisierungsverfahrens vorgesehen, dass das Anheben des Sauerstoffgehaltes in dem Schutzraum auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau nach Ablauf der ersten oder der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit in Abhängigkeit von einer weiteren, vorzugsweise manuellen Freigabe erfolgt. Da diese weitere Freigabe insbesondere unabhängig von der das erfindungsgemäße Inertisierungsverfahren ausführenden Inertisierungsanlage erfolgen kann, liegt bei dieser bevorzugten Realisierung eine erhöhte Sicherheit im Hinblick auf Systemstörungen oder Fehlern vor. Selbstverständlich kann die weitere Freigabe auch automatisch auf der Basis einer unabhängigen Vorrichtung zur Erfassung einer Brandkenngröße in dem Schutzraum erfolgen.Particularly preferably, in the last-mentioned further development of the inerting process, it is provided that the raising of the oxygen content in the protective space to the basic inerting level occurs after the first or the second predetermined time has elapsed as a function of a further, preferably manual, release. Since this further release can be carried out, in particular, independently of the inerting system which carries out the inertization process according to the invention, in this preferred embodiment there is an increased safety with regard to system faults or errors. Of course, the further release can also be done automatically on the basis of an independent device for detecting a fire parameter in the shelter.
Besonders bevorzugt ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren sowie bei seinen genannten Weiterentwicklungen vorgesehen, dass das erste Absenkungsniveau, welches einem im Vergleich zum Sauerstoffgehalt des Grundinertisierungsniveaus weiter reduzierten Sauerstoffgehalt entspricht, in Abhängigkeit von einem dem Entzündungsgrenzwert der im Schutzraum vorhandenen Brandlasten entsprechenden Sauerstoffgehalt gewählt ist. An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Entzündungsgrenze eines gegebenen Materials etwas höher liegen kann als seine Löschgrenze.Particularly preferably, in the inertization process according to the invention and in its developments mentioned, it is provided that the first reduction level, which corresponds to a further reduced oxygen content compared to the oxygen content of the base inertization level, is selected as a function of an oxygen content corresponding to the ignition limit value of the fire loads present in the protection space. It should be noted at this point that the ignition limit of a given material may be slightly higher than its extinction limit.
Hierbei wird die Entzündungsgrenze eines Stoffes in bevorzugter Weise mit einem Prüfverfahren der VdS-Schadenverhütung möglichst realitätsnah und reproduzierbar vorab im Versuch ermittelt, wenn bei Materialien oder Gegenständen dieser Wert unbekannt ist. Bei einem derartigen Versuch werden die zu untersuchenden Feststoffe bei 20,9 Vol.-% Sauerstoffgehalt mit einer Zündquelle entzündet. Die hierzu benötigte Zeitspanne wird gemessen. Im folgenden wird dann bei definierten Umgebungsbedingungen der Sauerstoffgehalt im Verlauf mehrerer Versuche abgesenkt, bis die Zündquelle eine doppelt solange Zeitspanne auf das Material einwirken darf, ohne es zu entzünden. Erfasst bzw. eingestellt werden dabei insbesondere die folgenden Größen: Sauerstoffgehalt der Prüfatmosphäre; Temperatur während der Prüfung; Windgeschwindigkeit im Prüfraum; Dauer der Entzündung; Flammentemperatur; und Luftfeuchte im Prüfraum. Bei der Ermittlung eines entsprechenden Wertes für eine Flüssigkeit ist es besonders wichtig, zusätzlich den Luftdruck sowie die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit und der Umgebung zu erfassen und zu berücksichtigen. Zur Ermittlung der Löschgrenze wird dabei das Material bei normaler Luft mit 20,9 Vol.-% Sauerstoffgehalt angezündet. Dann wird die Sauerstoffkonzentration so lange langsam reduziert, bis das Feuer erlischt.In this case, the inflammatory limit of a substance is preferably determined with a test method of VdS loss prevention as close to reality and reproducibly as possible in the experiment, if this value is unknown for materials or articles. In such an experiment, the solids to be tested are ignited at 20.9 vol .-% oxygen content with an ignition source. The time required for this is measured. In the following, the oxygen content is then lowered in the course of several experiments at defined ambient conditions until the ignition source is allowed to act on the material for a doubled period of time without igniting it. In particular, the following quantities are recorded or adjusted: oxygen content of the test atmosphere; Temperature during the test; Wind speed in the test room; Duration of inflammation; Flame temperature; and humidity in the test room. When determining a corresponding value for a liquid, it is particularly important to additionally record and take into account the air pressure as well as the temperature of the liquid and the environment. To determine the extinction limit while the material is ignited in normal air with 20.9 vol .-% oxygen content. Then the oxygen concentration is slowly reduced until the fire goes out.
Für elektrische Risiken liegt beispielsweise die Entzündungsgrenze bei 15,9 Vol.-% Sauerstoffgehalt, während die Löschgrenze einem Sauerstoffgehalt von 15,5 Vol.-% entspricht. Selbstverständlich ist zusätzlich oder alternativ hierzu bei der Festlegung des dem ersten Absenkungsniveau entsprechenden Sauerstoffgehalts auch die Berücksichtigung anderer Parameter denkbar.For electrical risks, for example, the ignition limit is 15.9 vol.% Oxygen content, while the extinguishing limit corresponds to an oxygen content of 15.5 vol.%. Of course, in addition or as an alternative thereto, the consideration of other parameters is also conceivable in determining the oxygen content corresponding to the first reduction level.
Hinsichtlich des einem im Vergleich zum Sauerstoffgehalt des ersten Absenkungsniveaus weiter reduzierten Sauerstoffgehalt entsprechenden zweiten Absenkungsniveaus ist in vorteilhafter Weise vorgesehen, dass dieses in Abhängigkeit von einem dem Löschgrenzwert der im Schutzraum vorhandenen Brandlasten entsprechenden Sauerstoffgehalt gewählt ist. Denkbar hierbei ist insbesondere, dass das zweite Absenkungsniveau unterhalb des Sauerstoffgehalts liegt, der dem Löschgrenzwert der im Schutzraum vorhandenen Brandlasten entspricht. Selbstverständlich kann das zweite Absenkungsniveau aber auch unter Berücksichtigung anderer Aspekte vorab festgelegt werden.With regard to the second subsidence level, which is further reduced in comparison to the oxygen content of the first subsidence level, provision is advantageously made for it to be selected as a function of an oxygen content corresponding to the extinguishment threshold of the fire loads present in the shelter. It is conceivable in this case in particular that the second lowering level below the oxygen content is equal to the extinguishing limit of existing in the shelter fire loads. Of course, the second level of reduction can also be determined in advance, taking into account other aspects.
Zur technischen Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens sowie den vorstehend beschriebene bevorzugten Weiterentwicklungen ist vorgesehen, dass im Schutzraum, vorzugsweise kontinuierlich, zumindest eine Brandkenngröße gemessen wird, um zu ermitteln, ob in dem Schutzraum ein Brand vorliegt bzw. ob in dem Schutzraum der Brand bereits erloschen ist. Die Messung der Brandkenngröße muss allerdings nicht kontinuierlich erfolgen, vielmehr ist auch denkbar, dass zu vorgegebenen Zeiten bzw. abhängig von bestimmten vorgegebenen Ereignissen eine derartige Messung erfolgt. Die Messung der Brandkenngröße wird vorzugsweise mittels eines Detektors der Erfassung von Brandkenngrößen durchgeführt, der im Brandfall ein entsprechendes Signal für eine weitere Inertisierung abgibt. Beispielsweise werden der Raumluft in dem zu überwachenden Schutzraum hierzu repräsentative Luftproben entnommen, die dem Detektor für Brandkenngrößen zugeführt werden.For the technical realization of the inertization process according to the invention as well as the preferred further developments described above, it is provided that at least one fire parameter is measured in the shelter, preferably continuously, to determine whether there is a fire in the shelter or if the fire is already extinguished in the shelter , However, the measurement of the fire parameter does not have to be continuous, but it is also conceivable that at predetermined times or depending on certain predetermined events, such a measurement takes place. The measurement of the fire parameter is preferably carried out by means of a detector of the detection of fire parameters, which emits a corresponding signal for further inerting in case of fire. By way of example, representative air samples are taken from the room air in the protected space to be monitored and fed to the fire characteristic detector.
Andererseits wäre es auch denkbar, dass im Schutzraum, vorzugsweise kontinuierlich, mehrere unterschiedliche Brandkenngrößen gemessen werden, um das in dem Schutzraum brennende Brandgut zu ermitteln. Dabei wird die Erkenntnis ausgenutzt, dass jedes Brandgut bei der Verbrennung charakteristische Brandkenngrößen freisetzt. Diese charakteristische Brandkenngrößen können somit dahingehend verwendet werden, Aussagen über die Art des brennenden Brandguts zu treffen, was in einem Brandfall für eine effektive Brandbekämpfung und ggf. für vorzusehende Vorsichtsmaßnahmen wesentliche Vorteile insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine schnelle, effektive und umweltfreundliche Brandbekämpfung liefert.On the other hand, it would also be conceivable that several different fire characteristics are measured in the shelter, preferably continuously, in order to determine the burning material burning in the protection space. This exploits the knowledge that every burning material releases characteristic fire parameters during combustion. These characteristic fire characteristics can thus be used to make statements about the nature of the burning fire, which provides essential advantages in a fire for effective fire fighting and possibly foreseen precautions, especially with regard to a fast, effective and environmentally friendly fire fighting.
Besonders bevorzugt ist bei der zuletzt genannten Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass in Abhängigkeit vom Entzündungs- und/oder Löschgrenzwert des ermittelten Brandgutes das erste und/oder das zweite Absenkungsniveau gewählt werden/wird. Demnach ist es möglich, die zum Einsatz kommende Inertgas-Löschtechnik in optimaler Weise an den Einzelfall und insbesondere an das brennende Brandgut anzupassen, wodurch ermöglicht wird, dass im Falle eines Brandes die Menge des in den Schutzraum zusätzlich einzuleitenden und zur Brandbekämpfung zu verwendenden Inertgases sehr genau an das Ausmaß und die Art des Brandes angepasst werden kann.In the case of the last-mentioned embodiment, it is particularly preferred that the first and / or the second lowering level be selected depending on the ignition and / or extinguishing limit value of the determined firing material. Accordingly, it is possible to adapt the used inert gas extinguishing technique in an optimal manner to the individual case and in particular to the burning material, which makes it possible that in case of fire, the amount of additional to be introduced into the shelter and used for firefighting inert gas very can be adapted exactly to the extent and type of fire.
Wie bereits angedeutet, ist der Detektor bevorzugt derart ausgelegt, um eine quantitative Aussage hinsichtlich der detektierten Brandkenngrößen zu liefern, um somit den zeitlichen Verlauf des Brandes in dem zu überwachenden Schutzraum überwachen und entsprechende Maßnahmen zum Einstellen der unterschiedlichen Sauerstoffniveaus veranlassen zu können. Denkbar wäre dabei, dass das gesamte Inertisierungsverfahren mitsamt dem Detektor zum Ermitteln der Brandkenngröße sowie mitsamt einer Steuerung zur Auswertung der von dem Detektor abgegebenen Signale voll automatisch oder zumindest teilweise automatisch abläuft, um somit ein möglichst autarkes und in gewisser Weise intelligentes Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos und zum Löschen von Bränden in dem Schutzraum bereitzustellen.As already indicated, the detector is preferably designed in such a way as to provide a quantitative statement with regard to the detected fire parameters, in order thus to monitor the time course of the fire in the protected space to be monitored and to initiate appropriate measures for setting the different oxygen levels. It would be conceivable that the entire inertization process together with the detector for determining the fire characteristic and including a controller for evaluating the output from the detector signals fully automatically or at least partially automatically, so as independent as possible and in some way intelligent inertization to reduce the risk and to clear fires in the shelter.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Realisierung der zuletzt genannten Ausführungsform, bei welcher im Schutzraum zumindest eine Brandkenngröße gemessen wird, um zu ermitteln, ob in dem Schutzraum ein Brand vorliegt, ist vorgesehen, dass dieses Ermitteln, ob in dem Schutzraum ein Brand vorliegt, in Abhängigkeit von einer Vielzahl von Messwerten der Brandkenngröße und/oder in Abhängigkeit von einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Schwellwerten der in dem Schutzraum gemessenen Brandkenngrößen erfolgt. Hiermit wird der Ausfallsicherheit des Systems Sorge getragen. Insbesondere wäre es denkbar, dass von dem System erst dann ein Brand gemeldet wird, wenn mit mehreren verschiedenen Sensoren Brandkenngrößen erfasst werden. Ferner ist denkbar, dass die zumindest eine Brandkenngröße quantitativ gemessen wird, wobei das Absenken des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf das erste und/oder das zweite Absenkungsniveau in Abhängigkeit von dem quantitativen Messwert der Brandkenngröße erfolgt. Gleiches gilt selbstverständlich auch für das Absenken des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the last-mentioned embodiment, in which at least one fire parameter is measured in the protected room to determine whether there is a fire in the shelter, it is provided that this determination as to whether there is a fire in the shelter is dependent on a plurality of measured values of the fire parameter and / or in dependence on a multiplicity of different threshold values of the fire parameters measured in the protected room. This ensures the reliability of the system. In particular, it would be conceivable that the system only notifies a fire when fire characteristics are detected with several different sensors. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the at least one fire parameter is quantitatively measured, whereby the lowering of the oxygen content to the first and / or the second reduction level is effected as a function of the quantitative measured value of the fire parameter. Of course, the same applies to the lowering of the oxygen content to the Vollinertisierungsniveau.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die zumindest eine Brandkenngröße quantitativ gemessen wird, und dass ferner die Dauer des Haltens des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf dem ersten und/oder zweiten Absenkungsniveau in Abhängigkeit von dem Messwert bzw. den Messwerten der Brandkenngröße(n) erfolgt. Damit kann die zum Einsatz kommende Inertgas-Löschtechnik sehr genau an den Einzelfall angepasst werden. Insbesondere wird somit ermöglicht, dass im Falle eines Brandes die Menge des in den Schutzraum zusätzlich einzuleitenden und zur Brandbekämpfung zu verwendenden Inertgases sehr genau an das Ausmaß und die Art des Brandes angepasst werden kann.In this context, it is particularly preferably provided that the at least one fire parameter is measured quantitatively, and that the duration of holding the oxygen content at the first and / or second lowering level in dependence on the measured value or the measured values of the fire characteristic (s). Thus, the used inert gas extinguishing technology can be adapted very precisely to the individual case. In particular, it is thus made possible that, in the event of a fire, the amount of inert gas additionally to be introduced into the shelter and to be used for firefighting can be adapted very precisely to the extent and type of fire.
Um zu erreichen, dass bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren der Sauerstoffgehalt auf dem Grundinertisierungsniveau, dem ersten Absenkungsniveau, dem zweiten Absenkungsniveau und/oder dem Vollinertisierungsniveau gehalten werden kann, ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass im Schutzraum, vorzugsweise kontinuierlich, der Sauerstoffgehalt gemessen wird, wobei in Abhängigkeit von dem gemessenen Sauerstoffgehalt Inertgas in den Schutzraum geregelt eingeleitet wird. Zusätzlich hierzu oder als Alternative zu der geregelten Einleitung von Inertgas wäre es aber auch denkbar, dass in Abhängigkeit von dem gemessenen Sauerstoffgehalt Sauerstoff, beispielsweise in Gestalt von Frischluft, eingeleitet wird, um das Inertisierungsniveau beizubehalten.In order to be able to maintain the oxygen content at the initial inertization level, the first reduction level, the second reduction level and / or the full inertization level in the inertization method according to the invention, is preferably provided that in the shelter, preferably continuously, the oxygen content is measured, being introduced controlled depending on the measured oxygen content inert gas in the shelter. In addition to this, or as an alternative to the controlled introduction of inert gas, it would also be conceivable for oxygen, for example in the form of fresh air, to be introduced depending on the measured oxygen content, in order to maintain the inerting level.
Selbstverständlich ist hier aber auch denkbar, dass im Schutzraum nicht der Sauerstoffgehalt gemessen wird, um das Halten des eingestellten Inertisierungsniveaus zu ermöglichen, sondern dass im Schutzraum die Konzentration des darin enthaltenen Inertgases, wie beispielsweise Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxid, mit einem entsprechenden Detektor erfasst wird. Auch wäre es denkbar, zusätzlich zu der Messung des Sauerstoffwertes bzw. des Inertgaswertes die erforderliche Inertgasmenge, welche zum Halten des eingestellten Inertisierungsniveaus in den Schutzraum eingeleitet werden muss, mittels einer arithmetischen Berechnung zu bestimmen. Eine derartige Berechnung sollte in bevorzugter Weise unter Berücksichtigung von Schutzraum spezifischen Parametern, wie etwa der Luftwechselrate, etc. erfolgen.Of course, however, it is also conceivable here that the oxygen content is not measured in the protective space in order to make it possible to maintain the set inerting level, but that the concentration of the inert gas contained therein, such as, for example, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, is detected in the protective space with a corresponding detector. It would also be conceivable, in addition to the measurement of the oxygen value or the inert gas value, to determine the required amount of inert gas, which must be introduced into the protective space for holding the set inerting level, by means of an arithmetic calculation. Such a calculation should preferably take place in consideration of protection space-specific parameters, such as the air exchange rate, etc.
Im folgenden wird eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens anhand der Figuren näher erläutert.In the following, a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1A
- der zeitliche Verlauf der Sauerstoffkonzentration in einem Schutzraum bei Anwendung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens;
- Fig. 1B
- der zeitliche Verlauf eines quantitativen Messwertes der Brandkenngröße bzw. des Rauchpegels im Schutzraum, in welchem die Sauerstoffkonzentration gemäß dem in
Fig. 1A gezeigten Kurvenverlauf mit Hilfe der bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens abgesenkt wird; - Fig. 2A
- der zeitliche Verlauf der Sauerstoffkonzentration in einem Schutzraum bei der Durchführung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens, wobei nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit der Brand erloschen ist;
- Fig. 2B
- der zeitliche Verlauf des quantitativen Messwertes der Brandkenngröße bzw. des Rauchpegels in dem Schutzraum gemäß
Fig. 2A . - Fig. 3A
- der zeitliche Verlauf der Sauerstoffkonzentration in einem Schutzraum bei der Durchführung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens, wobei nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit der Brand nicht vollständig erloschen ist; und
- Fig. 3B
- der zeitliche Verlauf des quantitativen Messwertes der Brandkenngröße bzw. des Rauchpegels in dem Schutzraum gemäß
Fig. 3A .
- Fig. 1A
- the time course of the oxygen concentration in a shelter using a preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention;
- Fig. 1B
- the time course of a quantitative measurement of the fire parameter or the smoke level in the shelter, in which the oxygen concentration according to the in
Fig. 1A shown curve is lowered by means of the preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention; - Fig. 2A
- the time course of the oxygen concentration in a shelter in carrying out a preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention, wherein after the first predetermined time the fire is extinguished;
- Fig. 2B
- the time course of the quantitative measurement of the fire characteristic or the smoke level in the shelter according to
Fig. 2A , - Fig. 3A
- the time course of the oxygen concentration in a shelter in carrying out a preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention, wherein after the first predetermined time the fire is not completely extinguished; and
- Fig. 3B
- the time course of the quantitative measurement of the fire characteristic or the smoke level in the shelter according to
Fig. 3A ,
Das kontinuierliche Halten des Sauerstoffgehaltes in dem Schutzraum auf dem Grundinertisierungsniveau bis zum Zeitpunkt t0 erfolgt vorzugsweise durch kontinuierliches Messen der Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem Schutzraum und durch ein geregeltes Einleiten von Inertgas bzw. Frischluft in den Schutzraum. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist unter dem Begriff "Halten der Sauerstoffkonzentration auf einem bestimmten Inertisierungsniveau" hierin das Halten der Sauerstoffkonzentration innerhalb eines gewissen Regelbereichs zu verstehen, das heißt innerhalb eines Bereiches, der durch einen oberen und einen unteren Schwellenwert definiert wird. Die maximale Amplitude der Sauerstoffkonzentration in diesem Regelbereich ist vorab einstellbar und beträgt beispielsweise 0,1 bis 0,4 Vol.-%.The continuous maintenance of the oxygen content in the shelter at the basic inertization level up to the time t0 is preferably carried out by continuously measuring the oxygen concentration in the shelter and by a controlled introduction of inert gas or fresh air into the shelter. As already mentioned, the term "maintaining the oxygen concentration at a certain inertization level" herein means maintaining the oxygen concentration within a certain control range, that is, within a range defined by upper and lower thresholds. The maximum amplitude of the oxygen concentration in this control range is adjustable in advance and is for example 0.1 to 0.4 vol .-%.
Bei den in den Figuren dargestellten Konzentrationsverläufen stellt immer das entsprechende Inertisierungsniveau den unteren Schwellenwert des Regelbereiches dar. Dies muss selbstverständlich nicht grundsätzlich der Fall sein. Beispielsweise ist auch denkbar, dass das entsprechende Inertisierungsniveau den oberen Schwellenbereich bzw. den mittleren Bereich, das heißt den Wert zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Schwellenbereich, festlegt.In the concentration curves shown in the figures, the corresponding inertization level always represents the lower threshold value of the control range. Of course, this does not necessarily have to be the case in principle. For example, it is also conceivable that the corresponding inertization level the upper threshold range or the middle range, that is the value between the upper and the lower threshold range, determines.
In dem in
Anschließend wird die Sauerstoffkonzentration auf diesem ersten Absenkungsniveau für eine erste vorgegebene Zeit ΔT1 gehalten. Zeitgleich wird mit dem Brandkenngrößendetektor kontinuierlich der quantitative Wert der zumindest einen Brandkenngröße in der Raumluft des Schutzraumes bestimmt. In dem dargestellten Szenario steigt der quantitative Wert der Brandkenngröße in der Raumluft des Schutzraumes stetig an, und zwar trotz der Absenkung des Sauerstoffgehaltes auf das erste Absenkungsniveau. Dies ist ein Indiz dafür, dass trotz des weiter reduzierten Sauerstoffgehaltes der Brand in dem Schutzraum nicht erloschen ist.Subsequently, the oxygen concentration is maintained at this first lowering level for a first predetermined time ΔT1. At the same time, the quantitative limit value of the at least one fire parameter in the room air of the protective room is determined continuously with the fire characteristic quantity detector. In the illustrated scenario, the quantitative value of the fire parameter increases steadily in the room air of the shelter, despite the reduction of the oxygen content to the first subsidence level. This is an indication that despite the further reduced oxygen content of the fire in the shelter is not extinguished.
Wenn, was bei den in den
Auf diesem zweiten Absenkungsniveau wird der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Schutzraum für eine zweite vorgegebene Zeit ΔT2 gehalten. Dies erfolgt wiederum durch geregeltes Nachführen von Inertgas bzw. durch gesteuertes Einleiten von Frischluft.At this second descent level, the oxygen content in the shelter is maintained for a second predetermined time ΔT2. This is again done by controlled tracking of inert gas or by controlled introduction of fresh air.
Dem Kurvenverlauf der
Nach Ablauf der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit ΔT2, das heißt zum Zeitpunkt t2, wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren ermittelt, ob der aktuelle quantitative Messwert der Brandkenngröße oberhalb der dritten Alarmschwelle (Alarmschwelle 3) liegt. Wenn dies wie beispielsweise beim Szenario in
Die erneute Bestätigung des Feueralarms zum Zeitpunkt t2 bewirkt, dass in dem Schutzraum nun der Sauerstoffgehalt von dem zweiten Absenkungsniveau weiter auf das Vollinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird, was wiederum durch rasches Einleiten einer entsprechenden Inertgasmenge erfolgt. Diese entsprechende Inertgasmenge kann vorab in Abhängigkeit der Raumparameter des Schutzraumes, wie beispielsweise der Brandlast und der Größe des Raumes sowie der Dichtigkeit und der Luftwechselrate des Raumes, festgelegt werden. Dem Kurvenverlauf der
Das Vollinertisierungsniveau ist derart ausgelegt, dass es einer Sauerstoffkonzentration entspricht, die unterhalb der Entzündungsgrenze der im Schutzraum vorhandenen Materialien (Brandlast) liegt. Mit dem Einstellen des Vollinertisierungsniveaus im Schutzraum wird somit der Brand durch Sauerstoffentzug vollständig gelöscht, während gleichzeitig ein Wiederentzünden der Materialien im Schutzraum wirksam verhindert wird.The Vollinertisierungsniveau is designed so that it corresponds to an oxygen concentration that is below the ignition limit of existing materials in the shelter (fire load). By setting the Vollinertisierungsniveaus in the shelter so the fire is completely extinguished by deoxygenation, while effectively preventing reignition of the materials in the shelter.
Dem Kurvenverlauf der
Bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens, wie es beispielhaft anhand der
In den
Zum Zeitpunkt t1, das heißt nach Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit ΔT1, liegt somit der quantitative Messwert der Brandkenngröße (vgl.
Bei dem Inertisierungsverfahren gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Anhebung der Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem Schutzraum auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau bei unbestätigtem Feueralarm entweder automatisch, beispielsweise von der Inertisierungsanlage initiiert wird, mit der das erfindungsgemäße Inertisierungsverfahren durchgeführt wird. Alternativ hierzu wäre es aber auch denkbar, dass die Anhebung der Sauerstoffkonzentration auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau auch bei unbestätigtem Feueralarm nur mit einer zusätzlichen (unabhängigen) Freigabe erfolgen darf. Diese unabhängige zusätzliche Freigabe kann beispielsweise eine manuelle Freigabe von Einsatzkräften sein. Denkbar wäre aber auch, ein paralleles und zur Inertisierungsanlage vollkommen autarkes System zu verwenden, um zu ermitteln, ob der in dem Schutzraum zum Zeitpunkt t0 detektierte Brand tatsächlich erloschen ist, und ob ein Wiederentzünden des Brandes ausgeschlossen werden darf.In the inertization process according to the present invention, it is provided that the increase in the oxygen concentration in the shelter to the basic inertization level upon unconfirmed fire alarm is either initiated automatically, for example by the inerting plant, with which the inertization process according to the invention is carried out. Alternatively, however, it would also be conceivable that the increase in the oxygen concentration to the basic inerting level, even with an unconfirmed fire alarm, may only take place with an additional (independent) release. This independent additional release may be, for example, a manual release of emergency services. It would also be conceivable, however, to use a parallel system which is completely self-sufficient for the inerting system in order to determine whether the fire detected in the shelter at time t0 has actually disappeared and whether a re-ignition of the fire may be ruled out.
In den
In diesem Fall ist bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens vorgesehen, dass das erste Absenkungsniveau erneut für eine erste vorgegebene Zeit ΔT1 gehalten wird, um anschließend, das heißt zum Zeitpunkt t2, eine Aussage über den Brand-Zustand des Schutzraumes treffen zu können. Wenn zum Zeitpunkt t2, das heißt nach dem zweiten Ablauf der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit, der quantitative Messwert der Brandkenngröße nach wie vor über der ersten Alarmschwelle liegt, ist bei dieser dargestellten Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die Sauerstoffkonzentration von dem ersten Absenkungsniveau auf das zweite Absenkungsniveau weiter abgesenkt wird, wie es der
Denkbar wäre allerdings auch, dass das erste Absenkungsniveau wiederum für eine weitere erste vorgegebene Zeit ΔT1 gehalten wird, und dass anschließend eine Entscheidung hinsichtlich der weiteren Vorgehensweise getroffen wird.However, it would also be conceivable that the first lowering level is again held for a further first predetermined time ΔT1, and that subsequently a decision is made with regard to the further course of action.
Wie bereits zuvor beschrieben, ist die erste und die zweite vorgegebene Zeit ΔT1 und ΔT2 anwendungsspezifisch gewählt. Des weiteren sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Sauerstoffkonzentrationen, die bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen den jeweiligen Inertisierungsniveaus entsprechen, selbstverständlich nur exemplarisch sind. Ferner sei angemerkt, dass die im Hinblick auf das erste Absenkungsniveau zuvor beschriebenen Entscheidungskriterien und Szenarien selbstverständlich auch im Hinblick auf das zweite Absenkungsniveau in analoger Weise anwendbar sind.As already described above, the first and the second predetermined time ΔT1 and ΔT2 are selected application-specific. Furthermore, it should be noted that the oxygen concentrations, which correspond to the respective inerting levels in the illustrated embodiments, are of course only exemplary. It should also be noted that the decision criteria and scenarios described above with regard to the first subsidence level are, of course, also applicable analogously with regard to the second subsidence level.
An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, dass beispielsweise die in der deutschen Patentschrift
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren setzt die regelmäßige oder kontinuierliche Überwachung des Sauerstoffgehaltes und des Brandkenngrößengehaltes im Zielraum voraus. Hierzu wird über entsprechende Sensoren regelmäßig bzw. permanent die Sauerstoffkonzentration bzw. die Inertgaskonzentration und der quantitative Wert der Brandkenngröße bzw. die Konzentration des Rauchpegels im Zielraum ermittelt und einer Steuerung einer Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage zugeführt, die in Erwiderung hierauf die Löschmittelzufuhr bzw. die Frischluftzufuhr in den Zielraum steuert.The inventive method requires the regular or continuous monitoring of the oxygen content and the fire characteristics content in the target area. For this purpose, the oxygen concentration or the inert gas concentration and the quantitative value of the fire parameter or the concentration of the smoke level in the target area is regularly and permanently determined by appropriate sensors and fed to a controller of an inert gas fire extinguishing system, in response to the extinguishing agent supply or the fresh air supply to the target area controls.
Obwohl zuvor das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit zwei Zwischenstufen (erstes und zweites Absenkungsniveau) beschrieben wurde, ist es selbstverständlich auch möglich, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mehr als zwei Zwischenstufen aufweist, um eine noch bessere Anpassung des Verfahrens an den Schutzraum zu ermöglichen.Although the method according to the invention has been described above with two intermediate stages (first and second subsidence level), it is of course also possible for the method according to the invention to have more than two intermediate stages in order to allow an even better adaptation of the method to the protective space.
Claims (17)
- Inertization method for reducing the risk of fires and for extinguishing fires in a protected room, with the following method steps:a) the oxygen content in the protected room is lowered to a specified basic inertization level;b) the oxygen content in the protected room is continuously held at the basic inertization level;
characterized by
the following further method steps:c) at least one fire characteristic is measured in the protected room continuously, or at predetermined times, or in dependence upon specified predetermined occurrences, in order to determine whether or not there is a fire in the protected room;d) in the event of a fire in the protected room, the oxygen content in the protected room is further lowered from the basic inertization level to a first lowered level;e) the oxygen content in the protected room is continuously held for a first predetermined time at the first lowered level; andf) the oxygen content in the protected room is further lowered from the first lowered level to a full inertization level if the fire has still not gone out after expiry of the first predetermined time. - Inertization method according to Claim 1, wherein the oxygen content in the protected room is further lowered from the first lowered level first to a second lowered level, which is different from the full inertization level, and continuously held at the second lowered level for a second predetermined time if the fire has still not gone out after expiry of the first predetermined time, and wherein the oxygen content in the protected room is then further lowered from the second lowered level to the full inertization level if the fire has still not gone out even after expiry of the second predetermined time.
- Inertization method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein in the protected room the full inertization level is continuously held at least until the fire in the protected room has gone out.
- Inertization method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, after expiry of the first or of the second predetermined time, the oxygen content in the protected room is raised again to the basic inertization level if the fire in the protected room has gone out after expiry of the first or of the second predetermined time.
- Inertization method according to Claim 4, wherein the raising of the oxygen content in the protected room to the basic inertization level after expiry of the first or of the second predetermined time is carried out in dependence upon a further, preferably manual, release.
- Inertization method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein:- the basic inertization level corresponds to an oxygen content which is reduced in comparison to the oxygen content of the ambient air;- the first lowered level corresponds to an oxygen content which is further reduced in comparison to the oxygen content of the basic inertization level;- the second lowered level corresponds to an oxygen content which is further reduced in comparison to the oxygen content of the first lowered level; and- the full inertization level corresponds to an oxygen content which is further reduced in comparison to the oxygen content of the second lowered level.
- Inertization method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first lowered level is selected in dependence upon an oxygen content which corresponds to the ignition limiting value of the fire loads which are present in the protected room.
- Inertization method according to Claim 7, wherein the first lowered level is identical to the oxygen content which corresponds to the ignition limiting value of the fire loads which are present in the protected room.
- Inertization method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second lowered level is selected in dependence upon an oxygen content which corresponds to the extinguishing limiting value of the fire loads which are present in the protected room.
- Inertization method according to Claim 9, wherein the second lowered level lies below the oxygen content which corresponds to the extinguishing limiting value of the fire loads which are present in the protected room.
- Inertization method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the protected room at least one fire characteristic is measured, preferably continuously, in order to determine whether there is a fire in the protected room.
- Inertization method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the protected room a plurality of fire characteristics are measured, preferably continuously, in order to determine the flammable material which is burning in the protected room.
- Inertization method according to Claim 12, wherein the first and/or the second lowered level is, or are, selected in dependence upon the ignition limiting value and/or extinguishing limiting value of the determined flammable material.
- Inertization method according to Claim 12 or 13, wherein the determining of whether there is a fire in the protected room is carried out in dependence upon a multiplicity of measured values of the fire characteristic and/or in dependence upon a multiplicity of different threshold values of the fire characteristics which are measured in the protected room.
- Inertization method according to one of Claims 12 to 14, wherein the at least one fire characteristic is quantitatively measured, and wherein the lowering of the oxygen content in the protected room to the first lowered level, to the second lowered level and/or to the full inertization level is carried out in dependence upon the quantitative measured value of the fire characteristic.
- Inertization method according to one of Claims 12 to 15, wherein the at least one fire characteristic is quantitatively measured, and wherein the duration of the holding of the oxygen content at the first and/or at the second lowered level is carried out in dependence upon the quantitative measured value of the fire characteristic.
- Inertization method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the protected room the oxygen content is measured, preferably continuously, and wherein the holding of the oxygen content at the basic inertization level, at the first lowered level, at the second lowered level and/or at the full inertization level, is carried out by a controlled feed of inert gas and/or by a controlled feed of oxygen, for example in the form of fresh air.
Priority Applications (20)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SI200630181T SI1911498T1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces |
DE502006002728T DE502006002728D1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | Multi-stage inerting process for fire prevention and fire extinguishing in enclosed spaces |
AT06122142T ATE421361T1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | MULTI-STAGE INERTIZATION PROCESS FOR FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE EXTINGUISHING IN CLOSED ROOMS |
DK06122142T DK1911498T3 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | Multistage incineration method for fire prevention and extinguishing in confined spaces |
EP06122142A EP1911498B1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces |
ES06122142T ES2318686T3 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | GRADUAL INERTIZATION PROCEDURE FOR THE PREVENTION AND EXTINCTION OF FIRE IN CLOSED SPACES. |
PT06122142T PT1911498E (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces |
PL06122142T PL1911498T3 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces |
BRPI0707053A BRPI0707053B1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | inertization process to reduce risk and extinguish fires in a protected area |
CA2637601A CA2637601C (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | Multi-stage inertization process for preventing and extinguishing fires within enclosed spaces |
AU2007306567A AU2007306567B2 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | Multistage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces |
CN2007800040365A CN101378811B (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | Multistage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces |
UAA200808906A UA92053C2 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | Multistage inertisation method for preventing and extinguishings fires in closed space |
KR1020087019772A KR101359885B1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | Multistage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces |
RU2008130935/12A RU2405605C2 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | Multistage intertisation technique for indoor fire prevention and extinguishing |
JP2009524999A JP5322233B2 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | Multi-stage deactivation method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces |
PCT/EP2007/058027 WO2008043586A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-08-02 | Multistage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces |
US11/870,871 US7726410B2 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-10-11 | Multi-stage inertization process for preventing and extinguishing fires within enclosed spaces |
HK08105680A HK1116119A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2008-05-22 | Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces |
NO20084169A NO339386B1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2008-10-03 | Multistage Inertial Procedure for Preventing and Extinguishing Fires in Enclosed Rooms |
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EP06122142A EP1911498B1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces |
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JP (1) | JP5322233B2 (en) |
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DE102005002172A1 (en) * | 2005-01-17 | 2006-07-27 | Amrona Ag | Inertization process for fire prevention |
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DK1911498T3 (en) | 2009-05-25 |
RU2008130935A (en) | 2010-02-10 |
ATE421361T1 (en) | 2009-02-15 |
CN101378811A (en) | 2009-03-04 |
RU2405605C2 (en) | 2010-12-10 |
SI1911498T1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
KR101359885B1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
KR20090092691A (en) | 2009-09-01 |
AU2007306567A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
BRPI0707053B1 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
CN101378811B (en) | 2012-12-05 |
PT1911498E (en) | 2009-04-29 |
WO2008043586A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
NO339386B1 (en) | 2016-12-05 |
HK1116119A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 |
JP5322233B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
DE502006002728D1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
UA92053C2 (en) | 2010-09-27 |
CA2637601A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
US7726410B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
NO20084169L (en) | 2008-10-03 |
EP1911498A1 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
PL1911498T3 (en) | 2009-07-31 |
BRPI0707053A2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
AU2007306567B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
US20080087445A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
ES2318686T3 (en) | 2009-05-01 |
JP2010501222A (en) | 2010-01-21 |
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