EP1910002A1 - Machine tool - Google Patents
Machine toolInfo
- Publication number
- EP1910002A1 EP1910002A1 EP06777401A EP06777401A EP1910002A1 EP 1910002 A1 EP1910002 A1 EP 1910002A1 EP 06777401 A EP06777401 A EP 06777401A EP 06777401 A EP06777401 A EP 06777401A EP 1910002 A1 EP1910002 A1 EP 1910002A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spindle
- workpiece
- tool
- spindle motor
- magnets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
- B23F23/10—Arrangements for compensating irregularities in drives or indexing mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/12—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting
- B23F5/16—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof
- B23F5/163—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof the tool and workpiece being in crossed axis arrangement, e.g. skiving, i.e. "Waelzschaelen"
Definitions
- the invention relates to a machine tool having a workpiece spindle continuously rotated by a workpiece spindle motor during machining of a workpiece and having a tool spindle continuously rotating in a substantially fixed speed ratio with the workpiece spindle, wherein one or more cutting edges of a cutting tool associated with the tool spindle in particular in the interrupted cut cut into the workpiece spindle associated workpiece enter, the workpiece spindle motor and tool spindle motor are controlled by a synchronization control, which receives as input angular position information of each one of the workpiece spindle and the tool spindle associated rotary encoder to change from this angular position information alternating or rotational To generate drive currents for driving the workpiece spindle motor and the tool spindle motor, wherein the two spindle Motors each have a plurality of the stator or the rotor in a uniform angular distribution associated windings, which are energized with the respective alternating or three-phase current and cooperating with the rotor or the stator
- Such machine tools are known in the art and serve in particular the tooth flank processing of workpieces.
- the workpieces may be untoothed or already pre-serrated.
- the tool consists of a rotationally driven tool carrier with at least one cutting edge.
- Machine tools of the type described above are known, for example, from DE 3240165, DE 33 76300, EP 107826, DE 3718 261 or DE 19631 673. Regardless of how the tool is formed in detail, whether with a fly knife or with a large number of Cutting edges, in particular provided helically arranged cutting edges, such a tool works with a broken cut.
- the tool spindle and workpiece spindle are not in effect via a mechanical gear train.
- the workpiece spindle or tool spindle are each driven by a servo spindle motor.
- Each of these spindle motors has a stator and a rotor. Either the stator or the rotor has a plurality of windings, which are supplied with a three-phase current or an alternating current. The other part of the motor, so the rotor or the stator has the windings associated magnets. These magnets can be formed by short-circuiting coils, coils energized by a field current or by permanent magnets. The number of magnets corresponds to the number of windings and is usually at three.
- Each spindle has a rotary encoder, which has a certain angle division.
- This rotary encoder supplies the synchronization control for the "electric shaft" between the two spindle motors with the actual values.
- the synchronization control energizes the servo motors in such a way that, if possible, the setpoint values are reached. With these setpoints, the workpiece spindle and tool spindle run in a predetermined and substantially fixed speed ratio to one another. As can be seen from the above-mentioned publications, this fixed speed ratio is slightly changed in a controlled manner in the case of certain processing methods. In this case, the speed ratio, a certain phase shift imposed. In this way, helical gears can be generated.
- Synchronous or asynchronous motors used as workpiece or tool drives are designed either as direct drives or as units in which the motor is connected via a belt drive or with other machine elements, eg with gears to a spindle unit.
- These drives are designed in their structural properties to be able to apply a certain torque at a certain rated speed. All the aforementioned engine types have in common that they have relatively low torques when at a standstill or at low speeds. If tool and in particular workpiece spindles in a relatively low speed range of 10 to 600 rpm (rotation per minute) to be driven, these servo motors must have the above-mentioned reduction gear. If these reduction gears are not used, the drives have the disadvantage of extremely low speed rigidity or constancy.
- Typical of the gear teeth of tools with the aforementioned machine tools is the broken section.
- the tool spindle runs for a certain rotation angle range almost free until a cutting edge of a cutting tool enters the material. Then the torque load of the tool spindle suddenly increases.
- the control is brought slightly out of step, so that the tool runs after its setpoint angle. In the case of toothing or else polygonal machining, this leads to errors in the surfaces to be produced.
- Suggestions have already been made in the prior art for synchronous or synchronous asynchronous motors with planetary gears or the like to cooperate.
- the disadvantage is in addition to the higher structural complexity, the long-term ability of such elements.
- the drive usually does not run without errors after several thousand operating hours. The speed accuracy is thus not achieved. In addition, a large space requirement is disadvantageous.
- the invention has for its object to provide measures in a machine tool of the type mentioned to increase the machining accuracy despite changing torque loads.
- one of the spindle motors that is to say either a workpiece spindle motor or a tool spindle motor or both spindle motors, has a number of magnets which is either different from the number of windings and / or at least ten.
- the number of magnets can thus be greater or smaller than the number of windings. It is preferably smaller than the number of windings. Preferred is a large number of magnets or windings.
- the windings may be associated with the stator of the electric motor or the rotor of the electric motor. The same applies to the magnets that interact with the windings.
- the spindle motor according to the invention is operated at extremely low speeds and yet can transmit large torques, the motor has a high torque stiffness.
- the motor can be stopped in any desired rotational position and restart automatically from any desired rotational position. Also important is the high number of pole pairs, which allows a much finer gradation of speed at fixed frequency steps. In a corresponding manner then also require the encoder a correspondingly high and higher angular resolution than is necessary or possible in the prior art.
- the particular advantage of using the initially described nen motors as spindle motors further consists in the fact that the motor is relatively little loaded, but nevertheless due to its design very stiff and insensitive to torque shocks from the outside, for example, by the interrupted cut when machining workpieces. So it is the property of the motors used to be able to apply very high torques for a short time. Although these engines can not permanently apply their maximum torque, otherwise they would overheat if they are not cooled particularly. But this is sufficient for the interrupted cut.
- the motors are used without a special reduction gear.
- the stator is attached to the machine frame.
- the rotor directly drives the tool spindle or workpiece spindle.
- the machine tool described above is not only suitable for performing interrupted-cut methods.
- the machine tool can also perform the WälzWarl Kunststoffe.
- the workpiece spindle axis and the tool spindle axis are skewed at an axis cross angle.
- the feed takes place in the axial direction of the workpiece spindle.
- the particular oblique teeth of the WälzWarlrades engage in this process continuously in the teeth of the workpiece. Both teeth comb each other.
- these two gears do not run in mutual rotational drive in the sense that only one of the two gears (workpiece or tool) is rotationally driven and the other each runs along.
- both the workpiece spindle and the tool spindle are each rotationally driven by one of the above-described motors, so that the workpiece or tool is in each case directly in contact with the motor shaft via a shaft.
- the peeling edges of WälzClwerkmaschinectiones are formed by the front edges of the teeth of the WälzClrades.
- the two intermeshing wheels can be driven at speeds higher than the aforementioned speeds.
- the motor Ren are designed accordingly. In this mode, the tooth gaps are "hammered” as it were. This creates a span which increases in every workpiece revolution and which is driven on by the skiving tool.
- the use of the motors according to the invention is advantageous here, in particular because of the large torques.
- the teeth can even be machined out of a full blank, for example a ring, by means of the skiving method.
- the axial forces required for this purpose are absorbed by the workpiece spindle or the tool spindle.
- pre-toothed workpieces are processed, which are brought by the WälzWarlvon only contoured.
- the machine tool is thus not only suitable for processes with interrupted cutting, but also for those processes in which high forces are required and especially in machining processes, in which according to the relative position of the workpiece and tool to each other and shape of the tool, the rotational movement in an axial is being transformed.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the cross section through a spindle motor
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a WälzWarltechnikmaschinees engaged in an internally toothed workpiece in section.
- the machine tool according to the invention consists of a machine bed, not shown, to which a workpiece spindle carrier for the workpiece spindle 3 and a tool spindle carrier for the tool spindle 5 are assigned.
- the machine tool may have a plurality of workpiece spindles 2 and also a plurality of tool spindles 5.
- a workpiece spindle 3 are assigned two or more tool spindles 5.
- the workpiece spindle 3 can be assigned to the machine bed by means of a workpiece spindle carrier such that the workpiece spindle 3 can be displaced in the spatial directions indicated by x, y, z in FIG.
- measures may be provided to pivot the workpiece spindle 3 by one of these spatial directions, preferably around the x-direction.
- the carrier in question namely the workpiece spindle carrier
- the carrier in question can be displaceably arranged in the three spatial directions x, y, z.
- the workpiece spindle 5 can be adjusted by the angle W by at least one spatial axis. All these adjustment possibilities of the position of the workpiece spindle axis 3 and the tool spindle axis 5 can be made by means of servo motors.
- the tool spindle 3 carries with a chuck, not shown, a workpiece 1.
- a workpiece 1 In the exemplary embodiment is a pre-toothed gear whose tooth flanks are to be processed by the tool.
- the workpiece spindle 3 is driven by a workpiece spindle motor 2.
- the speed or the angle of rotation of the workpiece spindle 3 is measured by means of a rotary encoder 8 and fed to a synchronization control 7.
- the workpiece spindle motor 2 receives its current from the synchronization control 7.
- the frequency of the workpiece spindle motor 2 driving rotary or alternating current is controlled by the synchronization control 7 based on the information received from the encoder 8.
- the tool spindle 5 carries a cutting tool 6, which performs the above-mentioned tooth flank processing in an interrupted section.
- the tool spindle 5 is rotationally driven by a tool spindle motor 4.
- a rotary encoder 9 On the tool spindle 5 sits a rotary encoder 9, which transmits its speed or angular position information of the synchronization control 7.
- the synchronization controller 7 generates the rotating or alternating current to drive the tool spindle motor 4.
- the synchronization controller 7 uses the data of both rotary encoders 8, 9 to synchronize the rotational movements of the workpiece 1 and cutting tool 6 in such a way that the cutting tool 6 is essentially at a fixed speed ratio Workpiece 1 rotates.
- phase position of the two rotational movements of the tool spindle 5 and the workpiece spindle 3 changes slightly during machining.
- either the workpiece spindle motor 2, the tool spindle motor 4 or both motors 2, 4 are designed as torque motors.
- one of the two spindle motors 2, 4 has a structure which is shown schematically in Figure 2, which shows a cross section through a spindle motor 2, 4.
- the designated by the reference numeral 10 stator of the motor is fixed to the housing and is located in a cavity of a spindle carrier.
- the stator 10 forms a sleeve within which the rotor 11 can rotate.
- the rotor has the shape of a sleeve and rotates about a core forming the stator.
- the respective spindle 3, 5 fixedly connected to the rotor, so that the rotor rotation of the rotation of the workpiece 1 and the rotation of the cutting tool 6 corresponds.
- the rotor 11 shown schematically in Figure 2 carries on its radially outwardly facing lateral surface a plurality of closely but spaced apart adjacent permanent magnets 13.
- the polar direction B of the permanent magnets 13 extends in the radial direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor 11.
- the Magnets 13 slightly spaced from each other. In reality, the permanent magnets 13 may be closer together.
- the polarities of adjacent magnets 13 extend in the opposite direction.
- this annular gap between the magnets 13 and the windings 12 is preferably greater than 7, 8, 11, 16, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 60 or 70 cm.
- the rotor 11 has ten magnets.
- the number of magnets is greater than 10 and greater than 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 32, 38, 46, 50, 60, 72, 90 or 102.
- the number of magnets 13 is smaller than the number of the winding 12.
- the stator 10 has eleven windings.
- the angular distance between two windings 12 is smaller than the angular spacing of two magnets 13.
- a typical arrangement of magnets 13 and windings 12 is described in DE 695 03 521 T3 on the basis of a linear motor or a torque motor.
- the difference between the number of magnets 13 and the windings 12 is one. In the embodiment of the invention, not shown, these differences may also be 2, 3, 4, 5 or even more.
- the number of magnets 13 differs from the number of windings 12. There are more windings 12 than magnets 13. In an embodiment, not shown, the number of magnets 13 is greater than the number of windings 12. Auch bei In this embodiment, windings 12 and magnets 13 face each other in a different angular position, so that a plurality of force fields extending obliquely to the radial form, which also act in opposite directions such that the motor can be held stationary by strained magnetic fields or rotated at lowest rotational speeds.
- the workpiece spindle which is indicated by the reference numeral 3, is rotationally driven by one of the motors described above.
- the workpiece 1 is an internally toothed blank.
- the toothing of the blank 1 has an allowance, so that the tooth gaps are smaller than the tooth gaps of the finished gear.
- the finished contour is cut by means of designated by the reference numeral 6 WälzWarltechnikmaschinectiones.
- the excess material is peeled off in the axial direction of the workpiece spindle axis 3, for which purpose the workpiece 1 is advanced in the direction V. This is done in constant meshing of the inclined teeth of the WälzWarltechnikmaschinemaschinees 6 in the tooth gaps of the workpiece 1.
- the contour of the tooth flanks of the workpiece 1 is defined by the contour of the end edges of the tool 6.
- the tool 6 is rotatably driven about the axis designated by the reference numeral 5.
- the drive is synchronized with the drive of the workpiece axis 3.
- the Wälztechlkopf 6 is rotationally driven by a motor, as described above.
- the number of magnets 13 corresponds to the number of windings 12.
- Each winding 12 can be a magnet 13 directly opposite.
- This structure corresponds essentially to the structure of a conventional synchronous motor, but with the difference that the number of pole pairs is very high. It is at least 10, 14, 19, 27, 38, 54, 75, 105 here.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005033894 | 2005-07-20 | ||
DE102005049530A DE102005049530B4 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2005-10-17 | machine tool |
PCT/EP2006/063409 WO2007009851A1 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2006-06-21 | Machine tool |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1910002A1 true EP1910002A1 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
Family
ID=36928215
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06777401A Ceased EP1910002A1 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2006-06-21 | Machine tool |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1910002A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005049530B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007009851A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007015357B4 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2023-03-23 | Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process and device for gear cutting of workpieces by skiving and associated cutting device |
GB2464348A (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-21 | Spintec Engineering Gmbh | Applying a liquid protein onto a permeable surface, and silk mono-filament having specific properties |
DE102008037514B4 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2024-06-20 | Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg | Skiving device and process |
DE102009025945A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for skiving internal gear teeth and associated peeling wheel |
EP2537615B1 (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2014-11-26 | Klingelnberg AG | Robust method for skiving |
DE102015106354A1 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-16 | Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wälzschälverfahren and cutting tool for producing at least partially rounded tooth heads |
CN110856879A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-03-03 | 上海汽车变速器有限公司 | System and method for precisely machining double-linkage teeth |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3240165A1 (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1984-05-03 | Wera Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co, 5600 Wuppertal | MACHINE TOOL FOR SIMULTANEOUS MILLING OF SEVERAL AREAS FROM THE FREE END OF A WORKPIECE |
DE3718261A1 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1988-12-15 | Werner Hermann Wera Werke | PUNCH KNIFE MILLING MACHINE |
DE19631673A1 (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-12 | Werner Hermann Wera Werke | Machine tool for machining rotating workpieces using a tool driven synchronously with the workpiece |
DE19856647B4 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2007-03-01 | Canders, Wolf-R., Prof. Dr.-Ing. | Electric high-torque motor |
DE10047917B4 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2004-06-03 | Siemens Ag | Gearless, integrated spindle drive for an industrial processing machine |
-
2005
- 2005-10-17 DE DE102005049530A patent/DE102005049530B4/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-06-21 WO PCT/EP2006/063409 patent/WO2007009851A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-06-21 EP EP06777401A patent/EP1910002A1/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2007009851A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102005049530A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
WO2007009851A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
DE102005049530B4 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
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