EP1898160B1 - Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carying out said method - Google Patents

Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carying out said method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1898160B1
EP1898160B1 EP06018062A EP06018062A EP1898160B1 EP 1898160 B1 EP1898160 B1 EP 1898160B1 EP 06018062 A EP06018062 A EP 06018062A EP 06018062 A EP06018062 A EP 06018062A EP 1898160 B1 EP1898160 B1 EP 1898160B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
temperature
storage tank
heating medium
boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06018062A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1898160A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Wendler
Andreas Gröning
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KRUEGER, WALTER
Original Assignee
Wendler Uwe
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wendler Uwe filed Critical Wendler Uwe
Priority to AT06018062T priority Critical patent/ATE498098T1/en
Priority to DE502006008880T priority patent/DE502006008880D1/en
Priority to EP06018062A priority patent/EP1898160B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2007/004608 priority patent/WO2008025389A1/en
Publication of EP1898160A1 publication Critical patent/EP1898160A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1898160B1 publication Critical patent/EP1898160B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F24H15/225—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank at different heights of the tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305—Control of valves
    • F24H15/315—Control of valves of mixing valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors
    • F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
    • F24D2240/26—Vertically distributed at fixed positions, e.g. multiple sensors distributed over the height of a tank, or a vertical inlet distribution pipe having a plurality of orifices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a heating system provided for space heating and / or domestic water heating, with a stored in a storage container, depending on the heat demand of the space heating or hot water heating to be heated heating medium.
  • the invention further relates to a controlled by this method heating system.
  • Heating systems which are equipped with a boiler, often referred to as a heat generator, spa and the like, which serves to heat the flowing through one or more heating circuits heating medium and in which the heating medium, preferably water, stored in a storage container are made of known in the art. Most such heating systems also have the option of heating domestic water for use in the kitchen and bathroom.
  • the boiler is conventionally equipped with an oil or gas burner, which must be switched on and off depending on the heat demand of the space heating or domestic water heating.
  • the burner is switched on and off by control via control circuits, which are connected to temperature sensors.
  • the temperature sensors provide temperature readings for the current room temperature, the current domestic water temperature and / or, as outdoor temperature sensors, for the current temperature outside a building.
  • control circuits the currently measured temperature values are compared as actual values with predetermined desired values, and control signals for influencing the temperature of the heating medium flowing into the heating circuit or into the heating circuits are obtained from the result of this comparison. This happens, for example, by controlling a mixer integrated in the heating circuit, by adjusting the boiler temperature, and by controlling charge pumps to increase the temperature of the heating medium in the storage tank.
  • the heating medium cools down, so that the burner is turned on and thus a heat generation phase must be initiated. If the heating medium has reached a predetermined temperature, the burner, caused by the regulation, is switched off again.
  • Out DE 44 29 21 5 A1 is a method for reducing the switching frequency of the burner in outdoor or room temperature led boilers known.
  • the burner is kept switched on after switching regardless of the actual need for heat until reaching a predetermined maximum temperature of the heating medium switched off after reaching the maximum temperature and only switched on again when a demand signal is supplied to the control circuit.
  • the method described here explicitly refers to heating systems without buffer storage.
  • DE 196 27 271 C1 is a heating system described with a boiler that supplies a heating circuit with heat via a hot water tank.
  • a Vierwegemischer is provided to remove the heating water from the hot water tank and its supply to the heating circuit, by which a primary circuit and a secondary circuit are formed.
  • the hot water tank and the boiler are located in the primary circuit, and the heating circuit is assigned to the secondary circuit.
  • the present invention seeks to develop the previous procedure for the control of heating systems and corresponding heating systems to the extent that resulting from undesirable frequent on or off the burner in the boiler resulting disadvantages are largely avoided.
  • the aforementioned method steps are used for heating systems, in which the heating of the heating medium is controlled by means of an internal control circuit having a signal input for an outside temperature measured by a simulated from the obtained for the heating medium in the storage tank temperature values Temperature value generated and is placed as the equivalent of a real measured outside temperature measured value to the signal input of the control circuit.
  • the storage container can pass through variable and the temperature stratification can be optimally adjusted within the storage container. It is alternatively also possible to control the system based on the return temperature of the heating medium.
  • control signals for switching off as a function of two temperature measured values are obtained from the gravitational direction at different heights in the lower region of the storage container.
  • the storage container can be operated as a buffer memory, and it is thus achieved that for space heating is provided exactly not more than the amount of heat that actually needed becomes.
  • a modulation of the heating system from 0 to 100% is possible without the burner in the boiler starts frequently and only briefly.
  • the burner in the boiler gets the signal to start.
  • the feed pump is switched on, which promotes the heating medium through the storage tank through to the boiler.
  • the burner in the boiler remains in operation until another, from a - related to the direction of gravity - lower areas of the storage tank temperature measured value corresponding to a set maximum temperature in the respective memory area, the signal to turn off supplies.
  • the feed pump receives the switch-off signal.
  • a follow-up time for the feed pump can be provided.
  • the proposed method for controlling an intended for space heating and / or domestic water heating system can be advantageously used to link different, for heating the heating medium and the service water usable energy sources, such as solid fuel, solar panels, stove inserts with the energy sources oil or gas, the gas - or oil-fired burner in the boiler is always switched on when not enough energy from the other sources is available.
  • the gas - or oil-fired burner in the boiler is always switched on when not enough energy from the other sources is available.
  • the temperature sensors in the lower storage area are then arranged so that the heating medium is heated in the buffer memory only about 1/3 of the buffer volume by means of the boiler.
  • control circuit for generating control signals for switching on and off of a feed pump in the boiler flow line and for switching on and off of the burner in the boiler is designed.
  • This control circuit has signal inputs and signal outputs, wherein at the signal inputs the temperature measured values of the temperature sensors are coupled, which are heat-conductively coupled to the stored in the storage tank heating medium, a signal output for transmitting control signals for switching on and off is connected to the feed pump, and another signal output is present at a signal input for an outside temperature reading on the boiler.
  • control commands which are derived by means of the control circuit from the current temperature readings obtained from the heating medium in the storage tank, and simulate an outdoor temperature measured in response to these temperature readings and to the boiler Report.
  • three temperature sensors are thermally conductively coupled to the heating medium within the storage container, wherein a first temperature sensor in the - each related to the direction of gravity - upper storage area, a second temperature sensor in the lower storage area near the base of the storage container and a third temperature sensor in the storage area is positioned between the first and the second temperature sensor.
  • control circuit By means of the control circuit, the applied temperature measured values are evaluated as follows and processed into control signals:
  • switch-on signals for the burner and the delivery pump are obtained.
  • the temperature readings obtained from the lower memory areas serve to generate switch-off signals for the burner and the feed pump.
  • the signal is in each case obtained by comparing actual temperature values with predetermined temperature setpoint values.
  • the burner in the boiler knows only the states ON and OFF and thus has the ability to work at a heat request in the optimum range due to the heat capacity of the buffer memory.
  • the switching frequency in particular the switching frequency when switching from summer to winter operation is reduced, since the destruction of the stratified storage tank is largely avoided. This also eliminates the disadvantages which, as already described, adhere to the heating systems according to the prior art.
  • the above-described heating system can be equipped with a device for domestic water heating, which is to be understood by domestic hot water for use in the kitchen and bathroom heated water.
  • the storage tank may be present in the storage tank a traversed by the hot water to be heated hot water bubble for the purpose of heat transfer from the heating medium to the hot water.
  • a separate hot water storage tank is provided which communicates with the boiler via separate supply and return lines for the heating medium.
  • a heat exchanger through which the heating medium flows, for heat transfer from the heating medium to the service water is provided in the service water tank.
  • control circuit which controls the switching on and off of the burner in the boiler and the feed pump in the boiler flow line generated, designed as a separate module for retrofitting in existing heating systems.
  • the heating circuit pumps can be chosen very small of their performance.
  • the heating medium stored in the storage tank has the potential to form or maintain optimal stratification.
  • a separate control circuit may be present, the signal inputs with temperature sensors in the Schunikvorlauf- or Walkernikmaschine ein and - if an outside temperature control of the heating circuit is provided - an outside temperature sensor are connected, and their signal outputs to the mixing valve and to a feed pump in the Heating circuit flow or heating circuit return line are present.
  • Such control circuits for influencing the temperatures in the heating circuit are known from the prior art and in heating systems with heating circuits for space heating usually already exists.
  • Fig.1 schematically illustrates the structure of a heating system with a boiler 1 and a separate hot water tank 2 and a buffer memory 3.
  • the boiler 1 is connected via a Schumachervorlauf admir 4 and a Schumacher Weglauf admir 5 with the hot water tank 2.
  • the Schumachervorlauftechnisch 4 is a feed pump 6, which serves as a charge pump for domestic water heating.
  • the feed pump 6 can also be installed in the return line 5 with the flow direction to the boiler 1.
  • the boiler 1 is connected via a boiler feed line 7 and a boiler return line 8 with the buffer memory 3, wherein in the boiler return line 8, a feed pump 9, which serves as a so-called boiler circuit pump, classified.
  • the hot water tank 2 is used to heat the intended example for use by a shower 10 hot water, which is fed via a cold water inlet 11 in the - viewed in the direction of gravity - lower portion of the hot water tank 2.
  • a heat exchanger 12 which is referred to by the Schumachervorlauftechnisch 4 supplied heating medium, in the concrete example water and therefore hereinafter referred to as heating water, and thereby transfers the supplied with the heating water heat to the hot water.
  • the thereby cooled heating water is passed through the Schuingerschreiblauftechnisch 5 for the purpose of reheating to the boiler 1 back.
  • heating circuit 13 Connected to the buffer memory 3 is here, for example, only one heating circuit 13, which is traversed by heating water from the buffer memory 3.
  • the heating water flows through a heating circuit supply line 14, which via a mixing valve 15 and a feed pump 16, serving here as Banknikpumpe, leading to the heating circuit 13.
  • the buffer memory 3 has a relatively high compared to its base height, so that can form a stratification of the heating water insofar as seen in the direction of gravity - warmer in the upper area, colder heating water collects in the lower area, if this stratification is not disturbed. Accordingly, the heating circuit supply line 14 is connected in the upper region of the buffer memory 1, so that here the warmer heating water can be removed and transported to the heating circuit 13.
  • the heating circuit 13 there are one or more heat exchangers, e.g. Space radiator, which are flowed through by the heating water, wherein the brought up by the heating water heat is released to the room air.
  • the thereby cooled heating water is returned via a heating circuit return line 17 to the buffer memory 3, which is connected to the buffer memory 3 in the lower area.
  • the mixing valve 15 is an example of a 3-way mixer, which is coupled to an electronically controllable servo motor and is used to set the temperature of the conveyed through the heating circuit supply line 14 to the heating water heating water.
  • one of the ways of the mixing valve 1 5 is connected to a branch of the heating circuit return line 17, through which cooled heating water enters the mixing valve 15 and, if necessary, depending on the desired temperature of the heating water in the heating circuit supply line 14 the warmer, immediacy of the buffer memory. 3 coming heating water is added.
  • the system is equipped with a temperature sensor TV1 as a flow sensor, which is connected to an external control circuit 18. Furthermore, there is an outside temperature sensor AF2, which is also connected to the external control circuit 18.
  • control signals are generated for the feed pump 16 operating as a heating circuit pump and for the mixing valve 15.
  • the control circuit 18 is connected via a control line PH1 to the feed pump 16 and via a control line MK1 to the mixing valve 15.
  • the control circuit 18 serves to influence the temperatures in the heating circuit.
  • the supply of the heating circuit 13 with heating water, which has the respective required temperature, depending on the outside temperature can be controlled.
  • the control circuit 18 is connected via a control line 19 with an internal, the boiler 1 associated control circuit 20.
  • heating circuits via other temperature sensors TV2 and other control lines PH2 and MK2 are controlled by the external control circuit 18.
  • the internal control circuit 20 also serves via the control line 19 to regulate operating states for the service water storage 2. In this way, the voltage supply can be ensured via the same phase via the heater emergency switch. The control of the hot water tank 2 is still possible via the internal control 20.
  • three temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 are now thermally coupled to the stored in the storage tank heating medium, and there is an additional control circuit 21 for generating control signals for the feed pump 9 in the boiler return line 8 is provided.
  • the temperature measured values determined by the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 are applied via separate signal lines to separate signal inputs of the control circuit 21.
  • the internal control circuit 20 assigned to the boiler 1 has a signal input AF1 for a further outside temperature sensor.
  • the control circuit 21 is connected to the signal input AF1. Furthermore, a signal output of the control circuit 21 to the feed pump 9, the boiler circuit pump connected.
  • the internal control circuit 20 receives temperature values generated by the control circuit 21 which simulate (actually non-existent) outside temperatures of, for example, -20 ° C. or + 25 ° C.
  • the simulated outside temperature values are derived by means of the control circuit from the respectively currently measured temperature measured values, which are obtained by means of the temperature sensors T1, T2 and / or T3 from the heating water in the storage tank 3, as will be explained below.
  • the buffer memory 3 has a circular base area with a diameter of about 0.85 m and a height of about 1.75 m.
  • This can be a buffer of any manufacturer with a storage volume of 0.5 m 3 .
  • the temperature sensor T3 is, for example, at a distance of 0.85 m - viewed in the direction of gravity - arranged above the base surface of the buffer memory 3.
  • the temperature sensor T2 is positioned at a height of 0.3 m, and the temperature sensor T1 at a height of 1.55 m above the base surface of the buffer memory 3.
  • the temperature sensor T1 As an initial state in the description of the process sequence according to the invention is assumed by way of example that the temperature sensor T1, a temperature of 70 ° C at the temperature sensor T2, a temperature of 60 ° C, and measured at the temperature sensor T3, a temperature of 65 ° C and transmitted to the control circuit 21 becomes.
  • the control circuit 21 From the temperature measured by the temperature sensor T1 of 70 ° C, the control circuit 21 generates a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C, which is reported via the signal input AF1 as a fictitious outside temperature to the internal control circuit 20. In this state, the feed pump 9 and the burner in the boiler 1 are turned off. Heat to supply the heating circuit 13 is ready.
  • the burner in the boiler 1 remains turned on until at the position of the temperature sensor T2, a preset target temperature of, for example, 70 ° C in the buffer memory 3 is measured.
  • a simulated temperature value of + 25 ° C is generated by means of the control circuit 21 and applied as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.
  • the burner in the boiler 1 remain switched on until, instead of the temperature sensor T2 with the temperature sensor T3 a preset target temperature of 70 ° C, for example, measured in the buffer memory 3 and only then by means of the control circuit 21, a simulated temperature value of + 25 ° C. generated and placed as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1.
  • a preset target temperature of 70 ° C for example, measured in the buffer memory 3 and only then by means of the control circuit 21, a simulated temperature value of + 25 ° C. generated and placed as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1.
  • turn-on signals via the temperature sensor T1 and turn-off signals can be generated either via the temperature sensor T2 or the temperature sensor T3, in each case in conjunction with the control circuits 20 and 21.
  • the control circuit 21 In order to fulfill the (inventively provided) condition that a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C as a fictitious outside temperature is applied to the signal input AF1 at a measured for example by the temperature sensor T1 heating water temperature of 60 ° C, the control circuit 21 must have a resistance of 10.001 kOhm to the internal control circuit 20 report. This is achieved for example by integrated in the control circuit 21 and preset according electrical resistances.
  • the temperature sensor T2 or the temperature sensor T3 is used to generate the switch-off signal.
  • the adaptation of the heating system for example, to the different heat demand in the summer and winter period at the same location or to the different heat demand when using the same Heating system to be adapted to different, with respect to climatic conditions different locations.
  • the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 may be formed as a contact or clamping sensor or be introduced by means of immersion sleeves in the buffer memory 3.
  • the latter is to be preferred due to the higher accuracy of measurement, the attachment as a clamping sensor, for example by means of a terminal strip, however, offers the advantage of a high variability in the implementation of the sensor.
  • the storage volume in the buffer memory 3 is compared to the heating capacity of the boiler 1 and should not fall below 10 to 12 liters per kW. If the storage volume is relatively large, e.g. due to the integration of a solid fuel boiler, which is required for the promotion of at least 55 liters per kW, the temperature measurement can be omitted at the exemplary position of the temperature sensor T2, to prevent the provision of too large an amount of heat.
  • Fig.2 schematically illustrates the construction of a heating system with a combined memory 22 for heated service and heating water.
  • a hot water bubble 23 in the memory 22 for the purpose of heat transfer from the heating water to the service water available.
  • Comparable to the heating system after Fig.1 are in the heating system after Fig.2 also exemplified three temperature sensor T1, T2 and T3 provided, which, also arranged at different heights above the base of the combined memory 22, with the heating water in the combined memory 22 are thermally conductive in connection.
  • the combination of the temperature measured values determined by the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 and transmitted to the control circuit 21 takes place in a manner comparable to that of the heating system Fig.1 ,
  • the use of three temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 is preferable, since the memory on the market are usually designed for a Schuwasservolumen of 600 liters and a domestic water volume of 150 liters.
  • the hot water in the hot water bubble can be transmitted via the temperature sensor T3 23, which is located in the upper part of the combined memory 22, are provided.
  • the burner in the boiler 1 is still not turned on in the summer, since the heated water in the combined memory rises and signals the temperature sensor T1 sufficient heat. If this is not available, the burner is started by means of temperature sensor T1 and the hot water preparation is stopped again by means of temperature sensor T3 in a so-called summer circuit.
  • the temperature sensor T2 is placed in this case so that a relatively cold area in the lower part of the combined memory 22 remains. This ensures that heat transfer to the heating medium can take place with solar heating support.
  • the temperature sensor T2 continues to be used in winter operation when heating heat is required for the heating circuit 13.
  • the temperature sensor T1 a temperature of 60 ° C, at the temperature sensor T2, a temperature of 50 ° C and the temperature sensor T3, a temperature of 55 ° C measured and transmitted to the control circuit 21.
  • a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C as a fictitious outside temperature to the internal control circuit 20 is reported via the signal input AF1.
  • the feed pump 9 and the burner are switched off in the boiler, heat for the heating circuit 13 and for domestic water heating is ready.
  • the burner in the boiler 1 remains switched on until at the position of the temperature sensor T2 a preset target temperature of e.g. 60 ° C in the combined memory 22 is measured. At the time of exceeding the temperature measurement value of 60 ° C at the temperature sensor T2, a simulated temperature value of -20 ° C is generated by the control circuit 21 and set as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.
  • a switch-on signal via the temperature sensor T1 and in each case a switch-off signal via the temperature sensors T2 and T3 in conjunction with the control circuits 20 and 21 can be generated.
  • the temperature sensors T2 and T3 can also alternatively or alternatively be used to generate the switch-off signal, and it is also conceivable in this embodiment of the invention to use only a temperature sensor and to position it as needed at T2 or T3 to the to obtain appropriate temperature readings.
  • the adaptation of this heating system for example, to the different heat demand in the summer and winter period at the same location or the different heat demand be adjusted when using the same heating system at different, differing in climatic conditions locations.
  • the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 may be formed as a contact or clamping sensor or introduced by means of immersion sleeves in the combined memory 22.
  • control circuits 19, 20 and 21 as described above with reference to two embodiments as separate assemblies and physically and spatially separated, but it is expressly within the scope of the invention, the control circuits technically intertwine with each other, as a unitary assembly carry out and equip the heating system with it.
  • the separate version has only the advantage that existing heating systems with outdoor temperature control can be retrofitted with the control circuit 21 in an uncomplicated manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves measuring temperature of a heating medium in a storage container (3) by temperature sensors (T1-T3) in relation to direction of gravity. The measurement of temperature is performed at two or more different levels above a base surface of the storage container. The temperature measurement values are linked for gaining control signals, which are used for predetermined heating of heating medium. An independent claim is also included for a heating system comprising a boiler.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Reglung einer zur Raumheizung und/oder zur Brauchwassererwärmung vorgesehenen Heizungsanlage, mit einem in einem Speicherbehälter bevorrateten, in Abhängigkeit vom Wärmebedarf der Raumheizung bzw. der Brauchwassererwärmung zu erwärmenden Heizmedium. Die Erfindung bezieht sich weiterhin auf eine nach diesem Verfahren geregelte Heizungsanlage.The invention relates to a method for controlling a heating system provided for space heating and / or domestic water heating, with a stored in a storage container, depending on the heat demand of the space heating or hot water heating to be heated heating medium. The invention further relates to a controlled by this method heating system.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Heizungsanlagen, die mit einem Heizkessel, häufig auch als Wärmeerzeuger, Therme und ähnlich bezeichnet, ausgestattet sind, der zur Erwärmung des durch einen oder auch mehrere Heizkreise fließenden Heizmediums dient und bei denen das Heizmedium, bevorzugt Wasser, in einem Speicherbehälter bevorratet ist, sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Meist verfügen derartige Heizungsanlagen auch über die Möglichkeit der Erwärmung von Brauchwasser zur Nutzung in Küche und Bad.Heating systems, which are equipped with a boiler, often referred to as a heat generator, spa and the like, which serves to heat the flowing through one or more heating circuits heating medium and in which the heating medium, preferably water, stored in a storage container are made of known in the art. Most such heating systems also have the option of heating domestic water for use in the kitchen and bathroom.

Der Heizkessel ist herkömmlich mit einem Öl- oder Gasbrenner ausgerüstet, der je nach Wärmebedarf der Raumheizung bzw. der Brauchwassererwärmung ein- und ausgeschaltet werden muß. Das Ein- und Ausschalten des Brenners erfolgt durch Steuerung über Regelschaltungen, die mit Temperatursensoren in Verbindung stehen. Die Temperatursensoren liefern Temperatur-Messwerte für die aktuelle Raumtemperatur, die aktuelle Brauchwassertemperatur und/oder, als Außentemperatursensoren, für die aktuelle Temperatur außerhalb eines Gebäudes.The boiler is conventionally equipped with an oil or gas burner, which must be switched on and off depending on the heat demand of the space heating or domestic water heating. The burner is switched on and off by control via control circuits, which are connected to temperature sensors. The temperature sensors provide temperature readings for the current room temperature, the current domestic water temperature and / or, as outdoor temperature sensors, for the current temperature outside a building.

In den Regelschaltungen werden die aktuell gemessenen Temperaturwerte als IstWerte mit vorgegebenen Soll-Werten verglichen, und aus dem Ergebnis dieses Vergleichs werden Steuersignale zur Beeinflussung der Temperatur des in den Heizkreis bzw. in die Heizkreise strömenden Heizmediums gewonnen. Dies geschieht zum Beispiel durch Ansteuerung eines in den Heizkreis integrierten Mischers, durch Anpassung der Kesseltemperatur, und durch Ansteuerung von Ladepumpen zur Erhöhung der Temperatur des Heizmediums im Speicherbehälter.In the control circuits, the currently measured temperature values are compared as actual values with predetermined desired values, and control signals for influencing the temperature of the heating medium flowing into the heating circuit or into the heating circuits are obtained from the result of this comparison. This happens, for example, by controlling a mixer integrated in the heating circuit, by adjusting the boiler temperature, and by controlling charge pumps to increase the temperature of the heating medium in the storage tank.

Aufgrund der Wärmeabgabe an die Raumluft bzw. an das Brauchwasser kühlt sich das Heizmedium ab, so daß der Brenner eingeschaltet und damit eine Wärmeerzeugungsphase eingeleitet werden muß. Hat das Heizmedium eine vorgegebene Temperatur erreicht, wird der Brenner, veranlaßt durch die Regelung, wieder ausgeschaltet.Due to the heat emission to the room air or to the hot water, the heating medium cools down, so that the burner is turned on and thus a heat generation phase must be initiated. If the heating medium has reached a predetermined temperature, the burner, caused by the regulation, is switched off again.

Eines der bei derartigen Heizungsanlagen immer wieder zu lösenden Probleme besteht darin, die Häufigkeit dieser Ein- und Ausschaltungen, auch Taktung genannt, zu verringern. Zu häufige Brenner-Einschaltphasen treten insbesondere in den Übergangszeiten zwischen Sommer und Winter auf, bzw. wenn Wärmebedarf des Gebäudes und Wärmebedarf des Warmwassers differieren. Je höher die Anzahl der Ein- und Ausschaltungen des Brenners ist, um so mehr unterliegen Bauteile des Heizkessels, wie Zündeinrichtung und Ölvorwärmung, einem erhöhten Verschleiß und verursachen eine zusätzliche Energieaufnahme.One of the problems to be solved again and again in such heating systems is to reduce the frequency of these switching on and off, also called clocking. Too frequent burner switch-on occur especially in the transitional periods between summer and winter, or when heat demand of the building and heat demand of hot water differ. The higher the number of turns on and off the burner, the more subject components of the boiler, such as ignition and oil preheating, increased wear and cause additional energy consumption.

Durch die häufig sehr kurzen Laufzeiten gibt es bei Kondensatkesseln zunehmend das Problem, dass beim Start kurzfristig sehr viel Kondensat entsteht, das dann verdunstet. Kommt es nicht zu einer vollständigen Verdunstung, kann Schwefelsäure die Wärmetauscher abgasseitig zerstören. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass der Wärmebedarf für Raumheizung, z.B. durch Nachdämmung bei bestehenden oder durch verbesserte Baumaterialien bei neuen Objekten, sinkt, dagegen der Leistungsbedarf für den Warmwasserkomfort, z.B. durch große Badewannen, steigt. Das hat bereits dazu geführt, daß vor allem im Bereich der Ein- oder Mehrfamilienhäuser Heizkessel mit zu hoher Gesamtleistung eingebaut werden.Due to the often very short running times, condensate boilers are increasingly faced with the problem that, at the start, a lot of condensate is produced at short notice, which then evaporates. If it does not come to a complete evaporation, sulfuric acid can destroy the heat exchanger on the exhaust side. To make matters worse, that the heat requirement for space heating, for example by Nachdämmung existing or improved building materials for new objects, decreases, on the other hand, the power requirement for hot water comfort, eg by large baths increases. This has already led to the fact that, especially in the field of single or multi-family homes boilers are installed with too high overall performance.

Weiterhin kommt hinzu, daß der Heizkessel während der Einschaltphase nicht mit optimalen Kennwerten betrieben wird, was zur Folge hat, daß Wärmeenergie bzw. Brennmaterial in unerwünscht hoher Menge verbraucht werden. Außerdem hat das häufige Anfahren des Heizkessels, bedingt durch unvollständig verbrannten Brennstoff, einen erhöhten Schadstoffausstoß zur Folge. Ein Großteil der schädlichen Stoffe, die in den ersten Minuten nach Einschaltung des Brenners im Heizkessel entstehen, wie z.B. Ruß, setzt sich isolierend auf Wärmeübertragungsflächen ab und bewirkt schon dadurch einen erhöhten Energieverbrauch.Furthermore, there is the fact that the boiler is not operated during the switch-on with optimal characteristics, which has the consequence that heat energy or fuel consumption in an undesirably high amount. In addition, the frequent startup of the boiler, due to incompletely burned fuel, an increased pollutant emissions result. Much of the harmful substances that occur in the boiler in the first few minutes after the burner is switched on, such as Soot, is insulating on heat transfer surfaces and thus already causes increased energy consumption.

Aus DE 44 29 21 5 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Schalthäufigkeit der Brenner bei durch Außentemperatur oder Raumtemperatur geführten Heizkesseln bekannt. Hier wird der Brenner nach dem Einschalten unabhängig vom tatsächlichen Bedarf an Wärme bis zur Erreichung einer vorgegebenen Maximaltemperatur des Heizmediums eingeschaltet gehalten, nach Erreichen der Maximaltemperatur abgeschaltet und erst dann wieder eingeschaltet, wenn ein Bedarfsignal an die Regelschaltung geliefert wird. Das hier beschriebene Verfahren bezieht sich ausdrücklich auf Heizungsanlagen ohne Pufferspeicher.Out DE 44 29 21 5 A1 is a method for reducing the switching frequency of the burner in outdoor or room temperature led boilers known. Here, the burner is kept switched on after switching regardless of the actual need for heat until reaching a predetermined maximum temperature of the heating medium switched off after reaching the maximum temperature and only switched on again when a demand signal is supplied to the control circuit. The method described here explicitly refers to heating systems without buffer storage.

In DE 196 27 271 C1 ist eine Heizungsanlage mit einem Heizkessel beschrieben, der über einen Warmwasserspeicher einen Heizkreis mit Wärme versorgt. Hier ist zur Entnahme des Heizwassers aus dem Warmwasserspeicher und zu dessen Einspeisung in den Heizkreis ein Vierwegemischer vorgesehen, durch den ein Primärkreis und ein Sekundärkreis gebildet werden. Dabei liegen der Warmwasserspeicher und der Heizkessel im Primärkreis, und der Heizkreis ist dem Sekundärkreis zugeordnet.In DE 196 27 271 C1 is a heating system described with a boiler that supplies a heating circuit with heat via a hot water tank. Here, a Vierwegemischer is provided to remove the heating water from the hot water tank and its supply to the heating circuit, by which a primary circuit and a secondary circuit are formed. The hot water tank and the boiler are located in the primary circuit, and the heating circuit is assigned to the secondary circuit.

Auf eine Reduzierung der Schalthäufigkeit zielt die in der DE 298 01 084 U1 und in der DE 100 33 669 A1 beschriebene Heizungsanlage, die über einen Pufferspeicher verfügt. Mittels eines Mischers wird die erwärmte Wassermenge aus dem Pufferspeicher auf einzelne Heizkreise verteilt, wobei der Mischer in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur im Heizkreisvorlauf sowie in Abhängigkeit von einem Außentemperatursensor angesteuert wird.On a reduction of the switching frequency aims in the DE 298 01 084 U1 and in the DE 100 33 669 A1 described heating system, which has a buffer memory. By means of a mixer, the heated amount of water from the buffer memory is distributed to individual heating circuits, wherein the mixer is controlled in dependence on the temperature in the heating circuit flow and in dependence on an outside temperature sensor.

Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Regelung einer zur Raumheizung und zur Brauchwassererwärmung ausgebildeten Heizungsanlage ist in AT 400629 B beschrieben. Hierbei wird die Temperatur eines Heizmediums, das sich in einem Speicherbehälter befindet, in mehreren unterschiedlichen Höhen über der Grundfläche des Speicherbehälters gemessen. Die dabei gewonnenen Temperaturmeßwerte werden zu Steuersignalen verknüpft, die zu einer bedarfsabhängigen Erwärmung des Heizmediums genutzt werden. In einer nach diesem Verfahren arbeitenden Heizungsanlage erfolgt mit diesen Signalen die Steuerung des Brenners im Heizkessel und die Steuerung der Förderpumpe im Heizkesselkreislauf. Auch hierbei treten in der Übergangszeit zwischen Sommer und Winter zu häufig Brenner-Einschaltphasen auf, wodurch die Bauteile des Heizkessels, insbesondere die Zündeinrichtung, einem verhältnismäßig hohem Verschleiß unterliegen.Another method for controlling a heating system designed for space heating and domestic water heating is in AT 400629 B described. Here, the temperature of a heating medium, which is located in a storage container, in several different heights above the base of the storage container measured. The temperature measurements obtained are linked to control signals which are used to heat the heating medium as required. In a heating system operating according to this method, the control of the burner in the boiler and the control of the feed pump in the boiler circuit are carried out with these signals. Again, in the transitional period between summer and winter too often burner switch-on phases, whereby the components of the boiler, in particular the ignition, are subject to relatively high wear.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Von diesem Stand der Technik ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bisherige Verfahrensweise zur Regelung von Heizungsanlagen sowie entsprechende Heizungsanlagen dahingehend zu entwickeln, daß die sich aus unerwünscht häufigen Ein- bzw. Ausschaltungen des Brenners im Heizkessels ergebenden Nachteile weitestgehend vermieden werden.Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to develop the previous procedure for the control of heating systems and corresponding heating systems to the extent that resulting from undesirable frequent on or off the burner in the boiler resulting disadvantages are largely avoided.

Bei einem Verfahren zur Regelung einer zur Außentemperatursteuerung vorgesehenen Heizungsanlage, die zur Raumheizung und/oder zur Brauchwassererwärmung vorgesehen ist und bei der ein in einem Speicherbehälter bevorratetes, zu erwärmendes Heizmedium vorhanden ist, mit den Verfahrensschritten:

  • Messung von Temperaturen des Heizmediums im Speicherbehälter in zwei oder mehr - auf die Schwerkraftrichtung bezogen - unterschiedlichen Höhen über der Grundfläche des Speicherbehälters, und
  • Verknüpfung der dabei gewonnenen Temperatur-Messwerte zwecks Gewinnung von Steuersignalen, die zu einer vorgegebenen Erwärmung des Heizmediums verwendet werden,
ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß aus den Temperatur-Messwerten ein Steuersignal gewonnen wird, das als Äquivalent für einen Außentemperatur-Messwert genutzt und anstelle eines Außentemperatur-Messwertes an den Signaleingang einer Regelschaltung gelegt wird.In a method for controlling a provided for outdoor temperature control heating system, which is intended for space heating and / or domestic water heating and in which a stored in a storage container to be heated heating medium is present, with the method steps:
  • Measurement of temperatures of the heating medium in the storage container in two or more - in the direction of gravity - different heights above the base of the storage container, and
  • Linking the temperature measured values obtained in order to obtain control signals which are used for a given heating of the heating medium,
According to the invention, it is provided that a control signal is obtained from the temperature measured values which is used as the equivalent of an outside temperature measured value and applied to the signal input of a control circuit instead of an outside temperature measured value.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die vorgenannten Verfahrensschritte für Heizungsanlagen genutzt, bei denen die Erwärmung des Heizmediums mittels einer internen Regelschaltung geregelt wird, die einen Signaleingang für einen Außentemperatur-Meßwert aufweist, indem aus den für das Heizmedium im Speicherbehälter gewonnenen Temperaturwerten ein simulierter Temperaturwert erzeugt und als Äquivalent für einen reell gemessenen Außentemperatur-Meßwert an den Signaleingang der Regelschaltung gelegt wird.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned method steps are used for heating systems, in which the heating of the heating medium is controlled by means of an internal control circuit having a signal input for an outside temperature measured by a simulated from the obtained for the heating medium in the storage tank temperature values Temperature value generated and is placed as the equivalent of a real measured outside temperature measured value to the signal input of the control circuit.

Auf diese Weise werden erfindungsgemäß Steuersignale zum Ein- oder Ausschalten einer Förderpumpe für das Heizmedium und/oder zum Ein- oder Ausschalten eines Brenners zur Erwärmung des Heizmediums in Abhängigkeit von einem Temperatur-Messwert aus einem - auf die Schwerkraftrichtung bezogen - oberen Bereich des Speicherbehälters und in Abhängigkeit von mindestens einem Temperatur-Messwert aus einem - auf die Schwerkraftrichtung bezogen - unteren Bereich des Speicherbehälters gewonnen.In this way, according to the invention control signals for switching on or off a feed pump for the heating medium and / or for switching on or off a burner for heating the heating medium in response to a temperature reading from a - related to the direction of gravity - upper portion of the storage container and as a function of at least one temperature measured value obtained from a - related to the direction of gravity - lower portion of the storage container.

Je nach dem, wo die Temperatursensoren im Speicherbehälter positioniert werden, kann der Speicherbehälter variabel durchfahren und die Temperaturschichtung innerhalb des Speicherbehälters optimal eingestellt werden. Es ist alternativ hierzu auch möglich, die Anlage anhand der Rücklauftemperatur des Heizmediums zu regeln.Depending on where the temperature sensors are positioned in the storage container, the storage container can pass through variable and the temperature stratification can be optimally adjusted within the storage container. It is alternatively also possible to control the system based on the return temperature of the heating medium.

Denkbar ist und im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt es, wenn die Steuersignale zum Ausschalten in Abhängigkeit von zwei Temperatur-Messwerten aus - auf die Schwerkraftrichtung bezogen - unterschiedlichen Höhen im unteren Bereich des Speicherbehälters gewonnen werden.It is conceivable, and within the scope of the invention, if the control signals for switching off as a function of two temperature measured values are obtained from the gravitational direction at different heights in the lower region of the storage container.

Diesbezüglich ist in einer besonderen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehen, Temperatur-Messwerte aus unterschiedlichen Höhen im unteren Bereich des Speicherbehälters mit lediglich nur einem Temperatur-Messfühler zu gewinnen, indem die Position dieses Temperatur-Messfühlers in der Höhe variiert wird, so daß mit dieser Variation beispielsweise eine Umschaltung von Sommer- auf Winterbetrieb der Heizungsanlage und umgekehrt vorgenommen werden kann. Der besondere Vorteil dabei besteht darin, daß diese Umschaltung somit nicht mehr ausschließlich von der Außentemperatur abhängig ist, sondern in Abhängigkeit vom jeweils tatsächlich gegebenen Wärmebedarf vorgenommen werden kann. Unter Außentemperatur soll hier die Temperatur außerhalb eines Gebäudes verstanden werden, dessen Räume mittels der Heizungsanlage erwärmt werden.In this regard, it is provided in a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, to gain temperature readings from different heights in the lower region of the storage container with only one temperature sensor by the position of this temperature sensor is varied in height, so that with this variation For example, a switch from summer to winter operation of the heating system and vice versa can be made. The particular advantage of this is that this switching is therefore no longer dependent solely on the outside temperature, but can be made depending on the actual heat demand actually given. Outdoor temperature is to be understood here as the temperature outside a building whose rooms are heated by means of the heating system.

Mit Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann der Speicherbehälter als Pufferspeicher betrieben werden, und es wird damit erreicht, daß zur Raumheizung genau nicht mehr als die Wärmemenge bereitgestellt wird, die auch tatsächlich benötigt wird. Somit ist eine Modulation der Heizungsanlage von 0 bis 100 % möglich, ohne daß der Brenner im Heizkessel häufig und nur kurz startet.With application of the method according to the invention, the storage container can be operated as a buffer memory, and it is thus achieved that for space heating is provided exactly not more than the amount of heat that actually needed becomes. Thus, a modulation of the heating system from 0 to 100% is possible without the burner in the boiler starts frequently and only briefly.

Erst wenn der minimal einstellbare Temperatur-Messwert im oberen Bereich des Speicherbehälters erreicht oder unterschritten ist, bekommt der Brenner im Heizkessel das Signal zu starten. Zeitgleich wird die Förderpumpe eingeschaltet, die das Heizmedium durch den Speicherbehälter hindurch zum Heizkessel fördert.Only when the minimum adjustable temperature measured value in the upper area of the storage tank is reached or fallen short, the burner in the boiler gets the signal to start. At the same time, the feed pump is switched on, which promotes the heating medium through the storage tank through to the boiler.

Der Brenner im Heizkessel bleibt solange in Betrieb, bis ein weiterer, aus einem - auf die Schwerkraftrichtung bezogen - unteren Bereichen des Speicherbehälters gewonnener Temperatur-Messwert, der einer eingestellten Maximaltemperatur in dem betreffenden Speicherbereich entspricht, das Signal zum Ausschalten liefert. Zeitgleich erhält die Förderpumpe das Ausschaltsignal.The burner in the boiler remains in operation until another, from a - related to the direction of gravity - lower areas of the storage tank temperature measured value corresponding to a set maximum temperature in the respective memory area, the signal to turn off supplies. At the same time, the feed pump receives the switch-off signal.

Um dabei den Heizkessel vor Überhitzung zu schützen, kann eine Nachlaufzeit für die Förderpumpe vorgesehen werden.In order to protect the boiler against overheating, a follow-up time for the feed pump can be provided.

Durch den Einsatz des Pufferspeichers erhält man ein größeres zu erwärmendes Volumen des Heizmediums. Somit erhält der Heizkessel die Möglichkeit, lange im betriebstechnisch optimalen Bereich zu arbeiten. Ähnlich verhält es sich mit der Fahrt eines PKW auf der Autobahn gegenüber seiner wesentlich unwirtschaftlicheren Betriebsweise im Stadtverkehr bei Stop and Go.The use of the buffer memory gives a larger volume of heating medium to be heated. Thus, the boiler is given the opportunity to work for a long time in the operationally optimal range. Similarly with the driving of a car on the highway compared to its much more uneconomical operation in city traffic at stop and go.

Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren zur Reglung einer zur Raumheizung und/oder zur Brauchwassererwärmung vorgesehenen Heizungsanlage läßt sich vorteilhaft anwenden zur Verknüpfung verschiedener, zur Erwärmung des Heizmediums und des Brauchwassers nutzbarer Energiequellen, wie z.B. Festbrennstoffe, Solarkollektoren, Kaminofeneinsätze mit den Energiequellen Öl oder Gas, wobei der gas- oder ölbetriebene Brenner im Heizkessel immer dann zugeschaltet wird, wenn nicht genügend Energie von den anderen Quellen zur Verfügung steht. So kann beim unterschreiten einer vorgegebenen Minimaltemperatur im oberen Speicherbereich automatisch Energie aus Öl oder Gas zugeführt werden. Die Temperatursensoren im unteren Speicherbereich werden dann so angeordnet, dass das Heizmedium im Pufferspeicher nur zu etwa 1/3 des Puffervolumens mittels des Heizkessels erwärmt wird.The proposed method for controlling an intended for space heating and / or domestic water heating system can be advantageously used to link different, for heating the heating medium and the service water usable energy sources, such as solid fuel, solar panels, stove inserts with the energy sources oil or gas, the gas - or oil-fired burner in the boiler is always switched on when not enough energy from the other sources is available. Thus, when falling below a predetermined minimum temperature in the upper storage area automatically energy from oil or gas can be supplied. The temperature sensors in the lower storage area are then arranged so that the heating medium is heated in the buffer memory only about 1/3 of the buffer volume by means of the boiler.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist weiterhin eine Heizungsanlage, die mindestens umfaßt:

  • einen Heizkessel mit Brenner zur Erwärmung eines Heizmediums, bevorzugt von Wasser,
  • einen Speicherbehälter für das erwärmte Heizmedium, der über eine Heizkesselvor- und eine Heizkesselrücklaufleitung für das Heizmedium mit dem Heizkessel in Verbindung steht,
  • einen oder mehrere vom Heizmedium durchflossene Wärmeüberträger, beispielsweise Raumheizkörper, die über eine Heizkreisvor- und eine Heizkreisrücklaufleitung für das Heizmedium mit dem Speicherbehälter verbunden sind,
  • durch Steuersignale ein- und ausschaltbare Förderpumpen in den Vor- und/oder Rücklaufleitungen,
  • ein ansteuerbares Mischventil zur Beeinflussung der Temperatur des durch die Heizkreisvorlaufleitung strömenden Heizmediums durch Mischung von wärmerem mit kälterem Heizmedium,
  • Temperatursensoren zur Gewinnung von Temperatur-Messwerten, sowie
  • elektronische Regelschaltungen zur Generierung von Steuersignalen für die Förderpumpen und für das Mischventil aus der Verknüpfung von Temperatur-Messwerten, wobei
  • zwei oder mehr Temperatursensoren wärmeleitend mit dem im Speicherbehälter bevorrateten Heizmedium gekoppelt sind,
  • diese Temperatursensoren - in Schwerkraftrichtung gesehen - in verschiedenen Abständen über der Grundfläche des Speicherbehälters positioniert sind, und
  • die mit diesen Temperatursensoren ermittelten Temperatur-Messwerte an den Eingängen einer Regelschaltung zur Generierung von Steuersignalen für eine Förderpumpe in der Heizkesselvor- oder Heizkesselrücklaufleitung anliegen, und wobei am Signalausgang der Regelschaltung die Steuersignale zum Ein- oder Aus- schalten des Brenners und/oder der Förderpumpe in der Heizkesselvorlaufleitung verfügbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
  • mit den Temperatursensoren ermittelte Temperatur-Messwerte innerhalb der Regelschaltung zur Gewinnung eines Steuersignal verknüpft sind, das als Äquivalent für einen Außentemperatur-Messwert anstelle eines Außentemperatur-Messwertes am Signaleingang einer internen Regelschaltung einer zur Außentemperatursteuerung vorgesehenen Heizungsanlage anliegt, und
The invention furthermore relates to a heating system which comprises at least:
  • a boiler with a burner for heating a heating medium, preferably water,
  • a storage tank for the heated heating medium communicating with the boiler via a boiler boiler and a boiler return pipe for the heating medium,
  • one or more heat transfer medium through which the heating medium flows, for example space heaters, which are connected to the storage tank via a heating circuit preheater and a heating circuit return line for the heating medium,
  • by control signals on and off feed pumps in the supply and / or return lines,
  • a controllable mixing valve for influencing the temperature of the heating medium flowing through the heating circuit supply line by mixing warmer with colder heating medium,
  • Temperature sensors for obtaining temperature measurements, as well
  • electronic control circuits for generating control signals for the feed pumps and for the mixing valve from the combination of temperature measurements, wherein
  • Two or more temperature sensors are thermally coupled with the stored in the storage tank heating medium,
  • these temperature sensors - as seen in the direction of gravity - are positioned at different distances above the base of the storage container, and
  • the temperature measured values ascertained with these temperature sensors are present at the inputs of a control circuit for generating control signals for a feed pump in the boiler boiler or boiler return line, and at the signal output of the control circuit the control signals for switching on and off the burner and / or the feed pump are available in the boiler supply line, characterized in that
  • associated with the temperature sensors temperature measurements within the control circuit for obtaining a control signal are linked, which is present as the equivalent of an outside temperature measured value instead of an outside temperature measured value at the signal input of an internal control circuit provided for outdoor temperature control heating system, and

Bevorzugt ist die Regelschaltung zur Generierung von Steuersignalen zum Ein- bzw. Ausschalten einer Förderpumpe in der Heizkesselvorlaufleitung und zum Ein- und Ausschalten des Brenners im Heizkessel ausgelegt.Preferably, the control circuit for generating control signals for switching on and off of a feed pump in the boiler flow line and for switching on and off of the burner in the boiler is designed.

Diese Regelschaltung weist Signaleingänge und Signalausgänge auf, wobei an den Signaleingängen die Temperatur-Meßwerte von den Temperatursensoren anliegen, die wärmeleitend mit dem im Speicherbehälter bevorrateten Heizmedium gekoppelt sind, ein Signalausgang zur Übermittlung von Steuersignalen zum Ein- bzw. Ausschalten mit der Förderpumpe verbunden ist, und ein weiterer Signalausgang an einem Signaleingang für einen Außentemperatur-Meßwert am Heizkessel anliegt.This control circuit has signal inputs and signal outputs, wherein at the signal inputs the temperature measured values of the temperature sensors are coupled, which are heat-conductively coupled to the stored in the storage tank heating medium, a signal output for transmitting control signals for switching on and off is connected to the feed pump, and another signal output is present at a signal input for an outside temperature reading on the boiler.

Der letztgenannte Signalweg wird erfindungsgemäß zur Übertragung von Steuerbefehlen genutzt, die mittels der Regelschaltung aus den aktuellen Temperatur-Meßwerten abgeleitet werden, die vom Heizmedium im Speicherbehälter gewonnen werden, und die in Abhängigkeit von diesen Temperatur-Meßwerten einen Außentemperatur-Meßwert simulieren und an den Heizkessel melden.The latter signal path is used according to the invention for the transmission of control commands, which are derived by means of the control circuit from the current temperature readings obtained from the heating medium in the storage tank, and simulate an outdoor temperature measured in response to these temperature readings and to the boiler Report.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung sind drei Temperatursensoren wärmeleitend mit dem Heizmedium innerhalb des Speicherbehälters gekoppelt, wobei ein erster Temperatursensor in dem - jeweils auf die Schwerkraftrichtung bezogen - oberen Speicherbereich, ein zweiter Temperatursensor im unteren Speicherbereich nahe der Grundfläche des Speicherbehälters und ein dritter Temperatursensor im Speicherbereich zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Temperatursensor positioniert ist.In a particularly preferred embodiment, three temperature sensors are thermally conductively coupled to the heating medium within the storage container, wherein a first temperature sensor in the - each related to the direction of gravity - upper storage area, a second temperature sensor in the lower storage area near the base of the storage container and a third temperature sensor in the storage area is positioned between the first and the second temperature sensor.

Mittels der Regelschaltung werden die anliegenden Temperatur-Meßwerte wie folgt ausgewertet und zu Steuersignalen verarbeitet:By means of the control circuit, the applied temperature measured values are evaluated as follows and processed into control signals:

Aus dem von dem im oberen Speicherbereich positionierten Temperatursensor ermittelten Temperatur-Meßwert werden Einschaltsignale für den Brenner und die Förderpumpe gewonnen. Die aus den unteren Speicherbereichen gewonnenen Temperatur-Meßwerte dienen zu Erzeugung von Ausschaltsignalen für den Brenner und die Förderpumpe. Die Signalgewinnung erfolgt dabei jeweils durch Vergleich von Temperatur-Ist-Werten mit vorgegebenen Temperatur-Soll-Werten.From the temperature measured value determined by the temperature sensor positioned in the upper storage area, switch-on signals for the burner and the delivery pump are obtained. The temperature readings obtained from the lower memory areas serve to generate switch-off signals for the burner and the feed pump. The signal is in each case obtained by comparing actual temperature values with predetermined temperature setpoint values.

Die Ein- und Ausschaltsignale werden jeweils an den Heizkessel als auch an die Förderpumpe übermittelt. Für den Signaleingang am Heizkessel, der für einen Außentemperatur-Meßwert vorgesehen ist, erzeugt die Regelschaltung eine simulierte Außentemperatur, das heißt dem Heizkessel wird beispielsweise eine (tatsächlich außen nicht vorhandene) Temperatur von +25°C gemeldet, wenn der Temperatur-Soll-Wert in einem unteren Speicherbereich überschritten wird, oder beispielsweise eine (tatsächlich außen nicht vorhandene) Temperatur von -20°C gemeldet, wenn der Temperatur-Soll-Wert im oberen Speicherbereich unterschritten wird.The switch-on and switch-off signals are transmitted to the boiler as well as to the pump. For the signal input to the boiler, which is intended for an outdoor temperature measurement, the control circuit generates a simulated outside temperature, that is, the boiler is reported, for example, a (actually outside non-existent) temperature of + 25 ° C when the temperature setpoint is exceeded in a lower storage area, or, for example, reported a (actually outside non-existent) temperature of -20 ° C when the temperature target value is exceeded in the upper memory area.

Auf diese Weise kennt der Brenner im Heizkessel nur die Zustände EIN und AUS und hat somit aufgrund der Wärmeaufnahmefähigkeit des Pufferspeichers die Möglichkeit, bei einer Wärmeanforderung im optimalen Bereich zu arbeiten.In this way, the burner in the boiler knows only the states ON and OFF and thus has the ability to work at a heat request in the optimum range due to the heat capacity of the buffer memory.

Bei einer mit dieser Regelschaltung ausgestatteten Heizungsanlage ist die Schalthäufigkeit, insbesondere die Schalthäufigkeit beim Umschalten vom Sommer- auf den Winterbetrieb reduziert, da die Zerstörung der Schichtenspeicherung im Speicherbehälter weitestgehend vermieden wird. Damit sind auch die Nachteile behoben, die, wie bereits beschrieben, den Heizungsanlagen nach Stand der Technik anhaften.In a heating system equipped with this control circuit, the switching frequency, in particular the switching frequency when switching from summer to winter operation is reduced, since the destruction of the stratified storage tank is largely avoided. This also eliminates the disadvantages which, as already described, adhere to the heating systems according to the prior art.

Im besonderen Fall kann die vorbeschriebene Heizungsanlage mit einer Einrichtung zur Brauchwassererwärmung ausgerüstet sein, wobei hier unter Brauchwasser das zur Nutzung in Küche und Bad erwärmte Nutzwasser zu verstehen ist.In the particular case, the above-described heating system can be equipped with a device for domestic water heating, which is to be understood by domestic hot water for use in the kitchen and bathroom heated water.

Diesbezüglich kann im Speicherbehälter eine von dem zu erwärmenden Brauchwasser durchflossene Brauchwasserblase zwecks Wärmeübertragung vom Heizmedium auf das Brauchwasser vorhanden sein. Alternativ dazu kann vorgesehen sein, daß außer dem Speicherbehälter für das Heizwasser ein separater Brauchwasserspeicherbehälter vorgesehen ist, der über gesonderte Vor- und Rücklaufleitungen für das Heizmedium mit dem Heizkessel in Verbindung steht.In this regard, may be present in the storage tank a traversed by the hot water to be heated hot water bubble for the purpose of heat transfer from the heating medium to the hot water. Alternatively, it can be provided that in addition to the storage tank for the heating water a separate hot water storage tank is provided which communicates with the boiler via separate supply and return lines for the heating medium.

Im letzteren Fall ist im Brauchwasserspeicher ein vom Heizmedium durchflossener Wärmetauscher zur Wärmeübertragung vom Heizmedium auf das Brauchwasser vorgesehen.In the latter case, a heat exchanger, through which the heating medium flows, for heat transfer from the heating medium to the service water is provided in the service water tank.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Regelschaltung, welche die Steuersignale zum Ein- und Ausschalten des Brenners im Heizkessel und der Förderpumpe in der Heizkesselvorlaufleitung erzeugt, als gesonderte Baugruppe zum Nachrüsten in bestehende Heizungsanlagen ausgebildet.Particularly advantageous is the control circuit, which controls the switching on and off of the burner in the boiler and the feed pump in the boiler flow line generated, designed as a separate module for retrofitting in existing heating systems.

Mit der Erfindung ist es möglich, die schwerkraftabhängige Schichtung des Heizmediums im Speicherbehälter weitestgehend beizubehalten, da über einen auf diese Weise als Pufferspeicher betriebenen Speicherbehälter aus einer hydraulischen Weiche in die einzelne Heizkreise gefördert wird. Hierdurch können die Heizkreispumpen von ihrer Leistung sehr klein gewählt werden. Wird aus einer hydraulischen Weiche mit Pumpen mit relativ geringer Leistung gefördert, hat das im Speicherbehälter bevorratete Heizmedium die Möglichkeit, eine optimale Schichtung auszubilden bzw. beizubehalten. Bei Entnahme von Heizwasser für den Heizkreis aus dem oberen Bereich des Speicherbehälters steigen dann wärmere Schichten aus dem unteren Bereich nach oben. Somit ergibt sich immer wieder eine physikalische Schichtung.With the invention, it is possible to largely maintain the gravity-dependent stratification of the heating medium in the storage tank, as is promoted via a thus operated as a buffer storage tank from a hydraulic switch in the individual heating circuits. As a result, the heating circuit pumps can be chosen very small of their performance. When pumping from a hydraulic diverter with relatively low power pumps, the heating medium stored in the storage tank has the potential to form or maintain optimal stratification. When removing heating water for the heating circuit from the upper region of the storage container then rise warmer layers from the lower area to the top. Thus, there is always a physical stratification.

Zur Beeinflussung der Temperaturen im Heizkreis kann beispielsweise eine gesonderte Regelschaltung vorhanden sein, deren Signaleingänge mit Temperatursensoren in der Heizkreisvorlauf- oder Heizkreisrücklaufleitung und - sofern eine Außentemperatursteuerung des Heizkreises vorgesehen ist - einem Außentemperatursensor verbunden sind, und deren Signalausgänge am Mischventil und an einer Förderpumpe in der Heizkreisvorlauf- oder Heizkreisrücklaufleitung anliegen. Derartige Regelschaltungen zur Beeinflussung der Temperaturen im Heizkreis sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und in Heizungsanlagen mit Heizkreisen zur Raumheizung in der Regel bereits vorhanden.For influencing the temperatures in the heating circuit, for example, a separate control circuit may be present, the signal inputs with temperature sensors in the Heizkreisvorlauf- or Heizkreisrücklaufleitung and - if an outside temperature control of the heating circuit is provided - an outside temperature sensor are connected, and their signal outputs to the mixing valve and to a feed pump in the Heating circuit flow or heating circuit return line are present. Such control circuits for influencing the temperatures in the heating circuit are known from the prior art and in heating systems with heating circuits for space heating usually already exists.

Im Falle einer Nachrüstung von öl- oder gasbeheizten Wärmeerzeugern mit eigener Regelung und Pumpensteuerung kann mittels der Abschaltung des Brenners aufgrund einer simulierten Temperatur an einem Signaleingang für einen Außentemperatur-Meßwert sowohl der Brenner als auch die Pumpe mit Nachlaufzeit ausgeschaltet werden, ohne daß hierbei die Funktion der Warmwasserbereitung beeinträchtigt wird. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft anwendbar bei mittels Umschaltventil betriebenen Wärmeerzeugern mit nur einer Pumpe für Warmwasserbereitung und Heizkreis.In the case of a retrofit of oil or gas-fired heat generators with its own control and pump control can be switched off by means of the shutdown of the burner due to a simulated temperature at a signal input for an outdoor temperature reading of both the burner and the pump with follow-up time without this function the water heating is impaired. This is particularly advantageous applicable when operated by means of reversing heat generators with only one pump for hot water and heating.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden. In den zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig.1
den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage mit ei- nem Heizkessel sowie mit einem Pufferspeicher und einem separaten Brauchwasserspeicher,
Fig.2
den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage, die mit einer in den Speicherbehälter für das Heizmedium integrierten Einrichtung zur Brauchwassererwärmung ausgestattet ist.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two embodiments. In the accompanying drawings show:
Fig.1
the basic structure of a heating system according to the invention with a boilers and with a buffer tank and a separate hot water tank,
Fig.2
the basic structure of a heating system according to the invention, which is equipped with an integrated into the storage container for the heating medium means for domestic water heating.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDetailed description of the drawings

Fig.1 stellt schematisch den Aufbau einer Heizungsanlage mit einem Heizkessel 1 sowie mit separatem Brauchwasserspeicher 2 und einem Pufferspeicher 3 dar. Der Heizkessel 1 ist über eine Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 und eine Heizwasserrücklaufleitung 5 mit dem Brauchwasserspeicher 2 verbunden. In der Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 befindet sich eine Förderpumpe 6, die als Ladepumpe zur Brauchwassererwärmung dient. Optional kann die Förderpumpe 6 auch in der Rücklaufleitung 5 mit Fließrichtung zum Heizkessel 1 eingebaut sein. Fig.1 schematically illustrates the structure of a heating system with a boiler 1 and a separate hot water tank 2 and a buffer memory 3. The boiler 1 is connected via a Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 and a Heizwasserrücklaufleitung 5 with the hot water tank 2. In the Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 is a feed pump 6, which serves as a charge pump for domestic water heating. Optionally, the feed pump 6 can also be installed in the return line 5 with the flow direction to the boiler 1.

Weiterhin ist der Heizkessel 1 über eine Heizkesselvorlaufleitung 7 und eine Heizkesselrücklaufleitung 8 mit dem Pufferspeicher 3 verbunden, wobei in die Heizkesselrücklaufleitung 8 eine Förderpumpe 9, die als sogenannte Kesselkreispumpe dient, eingeordnet.Furthermore, the boiler 1 is connected via a boiler feed line 7 and a boiler return line 8 with the buffer memory 3, wherein in the boiler return line 8, a feed pump 9, which serves as a so-called boiler circuit pump, classified.

Der Brauchwasserspeicher 2 dient zur Erwärmung des beispielsweise zur Benutzung durch eine Dusche 10 vorgesehenen Brauchwassers, das über einen Kaltwasserzulauf 11 in den - in Schwerkraftrichtung gesehen - unteren Bereich des Brauchwasserspeichers 2 eingespeist wird. Innerhalb des Brauchwasserspeichers 2 befindet sich ein Wärmetauscher 12, der von dem über die Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 zugeführten Heizmedium, im konkreten Beispiel Wasser und daher nachfolgend als Heizwasser bezeichnet, durchströmt wird und dabei die mit dem Heizwasser zugeführte Wärme an das Brauchwasser überträgt. Das dabei abgekühlte Heizwasser wird über die Heizwasserrücklaufleitung 5 zwecks Wiederaufheizung zum Heizkessel 1 zurück geführt.The hot water tank 2 is used to heat the intended example for use by a shower 10 hot water, which is fed via a cold water inlet 11 in the - viewed in the direction of gravity - lower portion of the hot water tank 2. Within the hot water tank 2 is a heat exchanger 12, which is referred to by the Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 supplied heating medium, in the concrete example water and therefore hereinafter referred to as heating water, and thereby transfers the supplied with the heating water heat to the hot water. The thereby cooled heating water is passed through the Heizwasserrücklaufleitung 5 for the purpose of reheating to the boiler 1 back.

An den Pufferspeicher 3 angeschlossen ist hier beispielsweise nur ein Heizkreis 13, der von Heizwasser aus dem Pufferspeicher 3 durchflossen wird. Das Heizwasser strömt durch eine Heizkreisvorlaufleitung 14, die über ein Mischventil 15 und eine Förderpumpe 16, hier als Heizkreispumpe dienend, zum Heizkreis 13 führt.Connected to the buffer memory 3 is here, for example, only one heating circuit 13, which is traversed by heating water from the buffer memory 3. The heating water flows through a heating circuit supply line 14, which via a mixing valve 15 and a feed pump 16, serving here as Heizkreispumpe, leading to the heating circuit 13.

Der Pufferspeicher 3 weist eine im Vergleich zu seiner Grundfläche verhältnismäßig große Höhe auf, so daß sich innerhalb des Pufferspeichers 3 eine Schichtung des Heizwassers insofern ausbilden kann, als sich - in Schwerkraftrichtung gesehen - im oberen Bereich wärmeres, im unteren Bereich kälteres Heizwassers sammelt, sofern diese Schichtung nicht gestört wird. Demzufolge ist die Heizkreisvorlaufleitung 14 im oberen Bereich des Pufferspeichers 1 angeschlossen, so daß hier das wärmere Heizwasser entnommen und zum Heizkreis 13 befördert werden kann.The buffer memory 3 has a relatively high compared to its base height, so that can form a stratification of the heating water insofar as seen in the direction of gravity - warmer in the upper area, colder heating water collects in the lower area, if this stratification is not disturbed. Accordingly, the heating circuit supply line 14 is connected in the upper region of the buffer memory 1, so that here the warmer heating water can be removed and transported to the heating circuit 13.

Im Heizkreis 13 befinden sich ein oder mehrere Wärmeüberträger, z.B. Raumheizkörper, die vom Heizwasser durchflossen werden, wobei die mittels des Heizwassers herangeführte Wärme an die Raumluft abgegeben wird. Das sich dadurch abgekühlte Heizwasser wird über eine Heizkreisrücklaufleitung 17 zum Pufferspeicher 3 zurückgeführt, die im unteren Bereich an den Pufferspeicher 3 angeschlossen ist.In the heating circuit 13 there are one or more heat exchangers, e.g. Space radiator, which are flowed through by the heating water, wherein the brought up by the heating water heat is released to the room air. The thereby cooled heating water is returned via a heating circuit return line 17 to the buffer memory 3, which is connected to the buffer memory 3 in the lower area.

Bei dem Mischventil 15 handelt es sich beispielhaft um einen 3-Wege-Mischer, der mit einem elektronisch ansteuerbaren Stellmotor gekoppelt ist und zur Einstellung der Temperatur des durch die Heizkreisvorlaufleitung 14 zum Heizkreis geförderten Heizwassers dient. Zu diesem Zweck ist einer der Wege des Mischventils 1 5 mit einer Verzweigung der Heizkreisrücklaufleitung 17 verbunden, durch welche abgekühltes Heizwasser in das Mischventil 15 gelangt und bei Bedarf in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Temperatur des Heizwassers in der Heizkreisvorlaufleitung 14 dem wärmeren, ummittelbar vom Pufferspeicher 3 kommenden Heizwasser beigemischt wird.The mixing valve 15 is an example of a 3-way mixer, which is coupled to an electronically controllable servo motor and is used to set the temperature of the conveyed through the heating circuit supply line 14 to the heating water heating water. For this purpose, one of the ways of the mixing valve 1 5 is connected to a branch of the heating circuit return line 17, through which cooled heating water enters the mixing valve 15 and, if necessary, depending on the desired temperature of the heating water in the heating circuit supply line 14 the warmer, immediacy of the buffer memory. 3 coming heating water is added.

Diesbezüglich ist die Anlage mit einem Temperatursensor TV1 als Vorlauffühler ausgestattet, der mit einer externen Regelschaltung 18 verbunden ist. Weiterhin sei ein Außentemperatursensor AF2 vorhanden, der ebenfalls mit der externen Regelschaltung 18 verbunden ist. Mittels der Regelschaltung 18 werden Steuersignale für die als Heizkreispumpe arbeitende Förderpumpe 16 und für das Mischventil 15 erzeugt. Zur Übertragung dieser Steuersignale ist die Regelschaltung 18 über eine Steuerleitung PH1 mit der Förderpumpe 16 und über eine Steuerleitung MK1 mit dem Mischventil 15 verbunden.In this regard, the system is equipped with a temperature sensor TV1 as a flow sensor, which is connected to an external control circuit 18. Furthermore, there is an outside temperature sensor AF2, which is also connected to the external control circuit 18. By means of the control circuit 18, control signals are generated for the feed pump 16 operating as a heating circuit pump and for the mixing valve 15. To transmit these control signals, the control circuit 18 is connected via a control line PH1 to the feed pump 16 and via a control line MK1 to the mixing valve 15.

Die Regelschaltung 18 dient der Beeinflussung der Temperaturen im Heizkreis. Damit kann die Versorgung des Heizkreises 13 mit Heizwasser, das die jeweils erforderliche Temperatur hat, in Abhängigkeit von der Außentemperatur geregelt werden. Diesbezüglich ist die Regelschaltung 18 über eine Steuerleitung 19 mit einer internen, dem Heizkessel 1 zugeordneten Regelschaltung 20 verbunden.The control circuit 18 serves to influence the temperatures in the heating circuit. Thus, the supply of the heating circuit 13 with heating water, which has the respective required temperature, depending on the outside temperature can be controlled. In this regard, the control circuit 18 is connected via a control line 19 with an internal, the boiler 1 associated control circuit 20.

In analoger Weise können weitere, in Fig.1 nicht dargestellte Heizkreise über weitere Temperatursensoren TV2 sowie weitere Steuerleitungen PH2 bzw. MK2 von der externen Regelschaltung 18 angesteuert werden.Analogously, further, in Fig.1 not shown heating circuits via other temperature sensors TV2 and other control lines PH2 and MK2 are controlled by the external control circuit 18.

Die interne Regelschaltung 20 dient über die Steuerleitung 19 auch dazu, Betriebszustände für den Brauchwasserspeicher 2 zu regeln. Auch kann so die Spannungsversorgung über die gleiche Phase über den Heizungsnotschalter gewährleistet werden. Die Steuerung des Brauchwasserspeichers 2 ist weiterhin auch über die interne Regelung 20 möglich.The internal control circuit 20 also serves via the control line 19 to regulate operating states for the service water storage 2. In this way, the voltage supply can be ensured via the same phase via the heater emergency switch. The control of the hot water tank 2 is still possible via the internal control 20.

Erfindungsgemäß sind nun beispielsweise drei Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und T3 wärmeleitend mit dem im Speicherbehälter bevorrateten Heizmedium gekoppelt, und es ist eine zusätzliche Regelschaltung 21 zur Generierung von Steuersignalen für die Förderpumpe 9 in der Heizkesselrücklaufleitung 8 vorgesehen. Die von den Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und T3 ermittelten Temperatur-Messwerte liegen über getrennte Signalleitungen an gesonderten Signaleingängen der Regelschaltung 21 an.According to the invention, for example, three temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 are now thermally coupled to the stored in the storage tank heating medium, and there is an additional control circuit 21 for generating control signals for the feed pump 9 in the boiler return line 8 is provided. The temperature measured values determined by the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 are applied via separate signal lines to separate signal inputs of the control circuit 21.

Ein erster Temperatursensor T1 ist in dem - jeweils auf die Schwerkraftrichtung bezogen - oberen Speicherbereich, ein zweiter Temperatursensor T2 im unteren Speicherbereich nahe der Grundfläche des Speicherbehälters und ein dritter Temperatursensor T3 im Speicherbereich zwischen dem ersten Temperatursensor T1 und dem zweiten Temperatursensor T2 positioniert.A first temperature sensor T1 is positioned in the upper storage area, in each case in the direction of the gravitational force, a second temperature sensor T2 in the lower storage area near the base of the storage container, and a third temperature sensor T3 in the storage area between the first temperature sensor T1 and the second temperature sensor T2.

In dem hier gewählten Ausführungsbeispiel wird weiterhin davon ausgegangen, daß die dem Heizkessel 1 zugeordnete interne Regelschaltung 20 einen Signaleingang AF1 für einen weiteren Außentemperatursensor aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Regelschaltung 21 mit dem Signaleingang AF1 verbunden. Des weiteren ist ein Signalausgang der Regelschaltung 21 mit der Förderpumpe 9, der Kesselkreispumpe, verbunden.In the embodiment selected here, it is further assumed that the internal control circuit 20 assigned to the boiler 1 has a signal input AF1 for a further outside temperature sensor. According to the invention, the control circuit 21 is connected to the signal input AF1. Furthermore, a signal output of the control circuit 21 to the feed pump 9, the boiler circuit pump connected.

Durch die Verbindung der Regelschaltung 21 mit dem Signaleingang AF1 erhält die interne Regelschaltung 20 von der Regelschaltung 21 erzeugte Temperaturwerte, die (tatsächlich nicht vorhandene) Außentemperaturen von beispielsweise -20°C bzw. +25°C simulieren. Die simulierten Außentemperaturwerte werden mittels der Regelschaltung aus den jeweils aktuell gemessenen Temperatur-Meßwerten abgeleitet, die mittels der Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und/oder T3 vom Heizwasser im Speicherbehälter 3 gewonnen werden, wie nachfolgend erläutert wird.By connecting the control circuit 21 to the signal input AF1, the internal control circuit 20 receives temperature values generated by the control circuit 21 which simulate (actually non-existent) outside temperatures of, for example, -20 ° C. or + 25 ° C. The simulated outside temperature values are derived by means of the control circuit from the respectively currently measured temperature measured values, which are obtained by means of the temperature sensors T1, T2 and / or T3 from the heating water in the storage tank 3, as will be explained below.

Dazu sei beispielhaft angenommen, daß der Pufferspeicher 3 eine kreisrunde Grundfläche mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 0,85 m sowie eine Höhe von etwa 1,75 m aufweist. Dies kann ein Pufferspeicher eines beliebigen Herstellers mit einem Speichervolumen von 0,5 m3 sein.For this purpose, it is assumed by way of example that the buffer memory 3 has a circular base area with a diameter of about 0.85 m and a height of about 1.75 m. This can be a buffer of any manufacturer with a storage volume of 0.5 m 3 .

Der Temperatursensor T3 sei beispielsweise in einem Abstand von 0,85 m - in Schwerkraftrichtung gesehen - über der Grundfläche des Pufferspeichers 3 angeordnet. Der Temperatursensor T2 sei in einer Höhe von 0,3 m, und der Temperatursensor T1 in einer Höhe von 1,55 m über der Grundfläche des Pufferspeichers 3 positioniert.The temperature sensor T3 is, for example, at a distance of 0.85 m - viewed in the direction of gravity - arranged above the base surface of the buffer memory 3. The temperature sensor T2 is positioned at a height of 0.3 m, and the temperature sensor T1 at a height of 1.55 m above the base surface of the buffer memory 3.

Als Ausgangszustand bei der Beschreibung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensablaufs sei beispielhaft angenommen, daß vom Temperatursensor T1 eine Temperatur von 70°C, am Temperatursensor T2 eine Temperatur von 60°C, und am Temperatursensor T3 eine Temperatur von 65°C gemessen und an die Regelschaltung 21 übermittelt wird.As an initial state in the description of the process sequence according to the invention is assumed by way of example that the temperature sensor T1, a temperature of 70 ° C at the temperature sensor T2, a temperature of 60 ° C, and measured at the temperature sensor T3, a temperature of 65 ° C and transmitted to the control circuit 21 becomes.

Aus der vom Temperatursensor T1 gemessenen Temperatur von 70°C erzeugt die Regelschaltung 21 eine simulierte Temperatur von +25°C, die über den Signaleingang AF1 als fiktive Außentemperatur an die interne Regelschaltung 20 gemeldet wird. In diesem Zustand sind die Förderpumpe 9 und der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 ausgeschaltet. Wärme zur Versorgung des Heizkreises 13 steht bereit.From the temperature measured by the temperature sensor T1 of 70 ° C, the control circuit 21 generates a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C, which is reported via the signal input AF1 as a fictitious outside temperature to the internal control circuit 20. In this state, the feed pump 9 and the burner in the boiler 1 are turned off. Heat to supply the heating circuit 13 is ready.

Veranlaßt die Regelschaltung 18 in Abhängigkeit von einem mit dem Außentemperatursensor AF2 gemessenen (und hier tatsächlich vorhandenen) Außentemperatur-Wert das Einschalten der Förderpumpe 16 und damit die Entnahme von Heizwasser aus dem oberen Speicherbereich, so verringern sich mit der Laufdauer der Förderpumpe 16 die mittels der Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und T3 gemessenen und an die Regelschaltung 21 gemeldeten Temperatur-Meßwerte.Causes the control circuit 18 in response to a measured with the outdoor temperature sensor AF2 (and actually present) outside temperature value switching on the feed pump 16 and thus the removal of heating water from the upper storage area, then decrease with the duration of the feed pump 16 by means of Temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 measured and reported to the control circuit 21 temperature readings.

Wird dabei ein Minimalwert von beispielsweise 45°C am Temperatursensor T1 unterschritten, so muß dem Pufferspeicher 3 vom Heizkessel 1 her über die Heizkesselvorlaufleitung 7 Wärme zugeführt werden. Dies geschieht, indem zu dem Zeitpunkt des Unterschreitens des Temperatur-Messwertes von 45°C am Temperatursensor T1 mittels der Regelschaltung 21 eine simulierte Temperatur von -20°C erzeugt und als fiktive Außentemperatur an den Signaleingang AF1 der internen Regelung 20 gelegt wird.If this falls below a minimum value, for example, 45 ° C at the temperature sensor T1, 7 must be supplied to the buffer memory 3 from the boiler 1 forth on the boiler flow line heat. This is done by at the time of falling below the temperature reading of 45 ° C at the temperature sensor T1 by means of the control circuit 21 generates a simulated temperature of -20 ° C and is applied as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.

Das hat zur Folge, daß der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 eingeschaltet wird und der Heizkessel 1 Wärme erzeugt und an das Heizwasser überträgt. Zeitgleich wird die Förderpumpe 9 über die Regelschaltung 21 eingeschaltet. Je nach Kesselart, Brennwert oder Niedertemperatur, kann eine Rücklauf-Temperaturanhebung, z.B. mittels eines RTL-Ventils, vorhanden sein für den Fall, daß das über die Rücklaufleitung 8 dem Heizkessel 1 zugeführte Heizwasser unzulässig kalt ist. Insbesondere bei Niedertemperaturkesseln wird damit die Kondensation im Kesselkörper verhindert.This has the consequence that the burner is turned on in the boiler 1 and the boiler 1 generates heat and transmits to the heating water. At the same time, the feed pump 9 is turned on via the control circuit 21. Depending on the type of boiler, calorific value or low temperature, a reflux temperature increase, e.g. by means of an RTL valve, be present in the event that the over the return line 8 to the boiler 1 supplied heating water is unduly cold. Especially in low-temperature boilers so condensation in the boiler body is prevented.

Der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 bleibt so lange eingeschaltet, bis an der Position des Temperatursensors T2 eine voreingestellt Solltemperatur von beispielsweise 70°C im Pufferspeicher 3 gemessen wird. Zum Zeitpunkt des Überschreitens des Temperatur-Messwertes von 70°C am Temperatursensor T2 wird mittels der Regelschaltung 21 ein simulierter Temperaturwert von +25°C erzeugt und als fiktive Außentemperatur an den Signaleingang AF1 der internen Regelung 20 gelegt.The burner in the boiler 1 remains turned on until at the position of the temperature sensor T2, a preset target temperature of, for example, 70 ° C in the buffer memory 3 is measured. At the time of exceeding the temperature measurement value of 70 ° C at the temperature sensor T2, a simulated temperature value of + 25 ° C is generated by means of the control circuit 21 and applied as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.

Das bewirkt, daß der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 ausgeschaltet wird. Ebenso wird die Förderpumpe 9 sofort oder alternativ mit einer Nachlaufzeit von 1, 5 oder 10 Minuten ausgeschaltet. Die Nachlaufzeit stellt sicher, daß im Heizkessel 1 noch vorhandene Wärme in den Pufferspeicher 3 abgegeben wird, um Störungen durch Überhitzung des Heizkessels 1 zu vermeiden.This causes the burner in the boiler 1 is turned off. Likewise, the feed pump 9 is switched off immediately or alternatively with a follow-up time of 1, 5 or 10 minutes. The lag time ensures that in the boiler 1 still existing heat is released into the buffer memory 3 to avoid interference due to overheating of the boiler 1.

Alternativ dazu kann der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 auch so lange eingeschaltet bleiben, bis anstelle des Temperatursensors T2 mit dem Temperatursensor T3 eine voreingestellte Solltemperatur von z.B. 70°C im Pufferspeicher 3 gemessen und erst dann mittels der Regelschaltung 21 ein simulierter Temperaturwert von +25°C erzeugt und als fiktive Außentemperatur an den Signaleingang AF1 gelegt wird. Damit sind erfindungsgemäß Einschaltsignale über den Temperatursensor T1 und Ausschaltsignale entweder über den Temperatursensor T2 oder den Temperatursensor T3, jeweils in Verbindung mit den Regelschaltungen 20 und 21, generierbar.Alternatively, the burner in the boiler 1 remain switched on until, instead of the temperature sensor T2 with the temperature sensor T3 a preset target temperature of 70 ° C, for example, measured in the buffer memory 3 and only then by means of the control circuit 21, a simulated temperature value of + 25 ° C. generated and placed as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1. Thus, according to the invention, turn-on signals via the temperature sensor T1 and turn-off signals can be generated either via the temperature sensor T2 or the temperature sensor T3, in each case in conjunction with the control circuits 20 and 21.

Die Erzeugung der fiktiven Außentemperaturen mittels der Regelschaltung 21 wird beispielsweise wie folgt vorgenommen: Beim herkömmlichen Betreiben von Heizungsanlagen mit Außentemperaturregelung übermittelt ein im Freien angeordneter Außentemperatursensor einen von der Außentemperatur abhängigen elektrischen Widerstandswert, der beim Betreiben der Heizungsanlage nach Stand der Technik am Signaleingang AF1 der internen Regelschaltung 20 anliegen würde. Dieser Widerstandswert kann beispielsweise bei ausgeführten Heizungsanlagen bei einer gemessenen Außentemperatur von +25°C = 10,001 kOhm, bei einer Außentemperatur von 0°C = 32,556 kOhm, bei einer Außentemperatur von -15°C = 72,510 kOhm betragen.The generation of the fictitious outside temperatures by means of the control circuit 21 is carried out, for example, as follows: In the conventional operation of heating systems with outdoor temperature control transmits an outdoor temperature sensor arranged in the outdoor dependent on the outside temperature electrical resistance, which in operating the heating system according to the prior art at the signal input AF1 of the internal Control circuit 20 would be present. This resistance value can be, for example, in the case of running heating systems with a measured outside temperature of + 25 ° C = 10.001 kOhm, with an outside temperature of 0 ° C = 32.556 kOhm, with an outside temperature of -15 ° C = 72.510 kOhm.

Um die (erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene) Bedingung zu erfüllen, daß bei einer beispielsweise vom Temperatursensor T1 gemessenen Heizwassertemperatur von 60°C eine simulierte Temperatur von +25°C als fiktive Außentemperatur an den Signaleingang AF1 gelegt wird, muß die Regelschaltung 21 also einen Widerstandswert von 10,001 kOhm an die interne Regelschaltung 20 melden. Dies wird beispielsweise durch in die Regelschaltung 21 integrierte und entsprechend voreingestellte elektrische Widerstände erreicht.In order to fulfill the (inventively provided) condition that a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C as a fictitious outside temperature is applied to the signal input AF1 at a measured for example by the temperature sensor T1 heating water temperature of 60 ° C, the control circuit 21 must have a resistance of 10.001 kOhm to the internal control circuit 20 report. This is achieved for example by integrated in the control circuit 21 and preset according electrical resistances.

Im vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel wird alternativ der Temperatursensor T2 oder der Temperatursensor T3 genutzt, um das Ausschaltsignal zu generieren. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt es dagegen aber auch, lediglich einen Temperatursensor zu verwenden und diesen je nach Bedarf alternativ bei T2 oder T3 zu positionieren, um die entsprechenden Temperatur-Messwerte zu erhalten.In the embodiment described above, alternatively, the temperature sensor T2 or the temperature sensor T3 is used to generate the switch-off signal. By contrast, it is also within the scope of the invention to use only one temperature sensor and, as an alternative, to position it at T2 or T3 in order to obtain the corresponding temperature measured values.

Mit der Nutzung entweder des Temperatursensors T2 oder des Temperatursensors T3 oder der eines Temperatursensors entweder an der Position T2 oder T3 kann die Anpassung der Heizungsanlage beispielsweise an den unterschiedlichen Wärmebedarf in der Sommer- und Winterperiode am selben Standort oder auch an den unterschiedlichen Wärmebedarf bei Einsatz derselben Heizungsanlage an verschiedenen, sich bezüglich klimatischer Bedingungen unterscheidender Standorte angepaßt werden.With the use of either the temperature sensor T2 or the temperature sensor T3 or a temperature sensor either at the position T2 or T3, the adaptation of the heating system, for example, to the different heat demand in the summer and winter period at the same location or to the different heat demand when using the same Heating system to be adapted to different, with respect to climatic conditions different locations.

Im konkreten Fall können die Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und T3 als Anlege- oder Klemmfühler ausgebildet sein oder auch mittels Tauchhülsen in den Pufferspeicher 3 eingebracht werden. Letzteres ist aufgrund der höheren Messgenauigkeit zu bevorzugen, die Anbringung als Klemmfühler beispielsweise mittels einer Klemmleiste bietet allerdings den Vorteil einer hohen Variabilität beim Umsetzen der Fühler.In the specific case, the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 may be formed as a contact or clamping sensor or be introduced by means of immersion sleeves in the buffer memory 3. The latter is to be preferred due to the higher accuracy of measurement, the attachment as a clamping sensor, for example by means of a terminal strip, however, offers the advantage of a high variability in the implementation of the sensor.

Das Speichervolumen im Pufferspeicher 3 steht im Vergleich zu der Heizleistung des Heizkessels 1 und sollte 10 bis 12 Liter je kW nicht unterschreiten. Ist das Speichervolumen verhältnismäßig groß, z.B. aufgrund der Einbindung eines Festbrennstoffkessels, bei dem für die Förderung mindestens 55 Liter je kW gefordert werden, kann die Temperaturmessung an der beispielhaft angegebenen Position des Temperatursensors T2 entfallen, um die Bereitstellung einer zu großen Wärmemenge zu verhindern.The storage volume in the buffer memory 3 is compared to the heating capacity of the boiler 1 and should not fall below 10 to 12 liters per kW. If the storage volume is relatively large, e.g. due to the integration of a solid fuel boiler, which is required for the promotion of at least 55 liters per kW, the temperature measurement can be omitted at the exemplary position of the temperature sensor T2, to prevent the provision of too large an amount of heat.

Fig.2 stellt schematisch den Aufbau einer Heizungsanlage mit einem kombinierten Speicher 22 für erwärmtes Brauch- und Heizwasser dar. Hier ist im Speicher 22 eine Brauchwasserblase 23 zwecks Wärmeübertragung vom Heizwasser auf das Brauchwasser vorhanden. Fig.2 schematically illustrates the construction of a heating system with a combined memory 22 for heated service and heating water. Here is a hot water bubble 23 in the memory 22 for the purpose of heat transfer from the heating water to the service water available.

Soweit die Baugruppen der Heizungsanlage nach Fig.1 auch für die Heizungsanlage nach Fig.2 gelten, sind der Übersichtlichkeit halber auch dieselben Bezugszeichen gewählt worden.As far as the modules of the heating system after Fig.1 also for the heating system Fig.2 are valid, the same reference numerals have been chosen for clarity.

Vergleichbar zu der Heizungsanlage nach Fig.1 sind in der Heizungsanlage nach Fig.2 ebenfalls beispielhaft drei Temperaturfühler T1, T2 und T3 vorgesehen, die, ebenfalls in unterschiedlichen Höhen über der Grundfläche des kombinierten Speichers 22 angeordnet, mit dem Heizwasser im kombinierten Speicher 22 wärmeleitend in Verbindung stehen. Die Verknüpfung der von den Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und T3 ermittelten und zur Regelschaltung 21 übertragenen Temperatur-Meßwerte erfolgt in vergleichbarer Weise wie bei der Heizungsanlage nach Fig.1.Comparable to the heating system after Fig.1 are in the heating system after Fig.2 also exemplified three temperature sensor T1, T2 and T3 provided, which, also arranged at different heights above the base of the combined memory 22, with the heating water in the combined memory 22 are thermally conductive in connection. The combination of the temperature measured values determined by the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 and transmitted to the control circuit 21 takes place in a manner comparable to that of the heating system Fig.1 ,

Der Unterschied besteht hier lediglich darin, daß bei dieser Ausführung der Erfindung der Einsatz von drei Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und T3 zu bevorzugen ist, da die am Markt befindlichen Speicher zumeist für ein Heizwasservolumen von 600 Litern und ein Brauchwasservolumen von 150 Litern ausgelegt sind. So kann im Sommerbetrieb über den Temperatursensor T3 das Brauchwasser in der Brauchwasserblase 23, die sich im oberen Teil des kombinierten Speichers 22 befindet, bereit gestellt werden.The only difference here is that in this embodiment of the invention, the use of three temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 is preferable, since the memory on the market are usually designed for a Heizwasservolumen of 600 liters and a domestic water volume of 150 liters. In summer operation, for example, the hot water in the hot water bubble can be transmitted via the temperature sensor T3 23, which is located in the upper part of the combined memory 22, are provided.

Sind Solarkollektoren zum Zweck der Trinkwasserbereitung installiert, so wird der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 im Sommer dennoch nicht eingeschaltet, da das erwärmte Wasser im kombinierten Speicher nach oben steigt und dem Temperatursensor T1 ausreichend Wärme signalisiert. Ist diese nicht vorhanden, wird mittels Temperatursensor T1 der Brenner gestartet und mittels Temperatursensor T3 in einer so genannten Sommerschaltung die Warmwasserbereitung wieder beendet.If solar collectors installed for the purpose of drinking water, the burner in the boiler 1 is still not turned on in the summer, since the heated water in the combined memory rises and signals the temperature sensor T1 sufficient heat. If this is not available, the burner is started by means of temperature sensor T1 and the hot water preparation is stopped again by means of temperature sensor T3 in a so-called summer circuit.

Der Temperatursensor T2 wird in diesem Fall so plaziert, daß ein verhältnismäßig kalter Bereich im unteren Teil des kombinierten Speichers 22 verbleibt. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass bei solarer Heizungsunterstützung ein Wärmeübertrag an das Heizmedium stattfinden kann. Der Temperatursensor T2 kommt weiterhin im Winterbetrieb zum Einsatz, wenn Heizwärme für den Heizkreis 13 benötigt wird.The temperature sensor T2 is placed in this case so that a relatively cold area in the lower part of the combined memory 22 remains. This ensures that heat transfer to the heating medium can take place with solar heating support. The temperature sensor T2 continues to be used in winter operation when heating heat is required for the heating circuit 13.

Als Ausgangszustand bei der Beschreibung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensablaufs sei angenommen, daß vom Temperatursensor T1 eine Temperatur von 60°C, am Temperatursensor T2 eine Temperatur von 50°C und am Temperatursensor T3 eine Temperatur von 55°C gemessen und an die Regelschaltung 21 übermittelt wird. Über den Signaleingang AF1 wird zeitgleich eine simulierte Temperatur von +25°C als fiktive Außentemperatur an die interne Regelschaltung 20 gemeldet. In diesem Zustand sind die Förderpumpe 9 und der Brenner im Heizkessel ausgeschaltet, Wärme für den Heizkreis 13 und zur Brauchwassererwärmung steht bereit.As an initial state in the description of the process sequence according to the invention, it is assumed that the temperature sensor T1 a temperature of 60 ° C, at the temperature sensor T2, a temperature of 50 ° C and the temperature sensor T3, a temperature of 55 ° C measured and transmitted to the control circuit 21. At the same time a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C as a fictitious outside temperature to the internal control circuit 20 is reported via the signal input AF1. In this state, the feed pump 9 and the burner are switched off in the boiler, heat for the heating circuit 13 and for domestic water heating is ready.

Veranlaßt die Regelschaltung 18 in Abhängigkeit von einem mit dem Außentemperatursensor AF2 gemessenen (und hier tatsächlich vorhandenen) Außentemperaturwert das Einschalten der Förderpumpe 16 und damit die Entnahme von Heizwasser aus dem oberen Speicherbereich, oder wird Brauchwasser aus der Brauchwasserblase 23 entnommen, so verringern sich mit der Laufdauer der Förderpumpe 16 die mittels der Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und T3 gemessenen und an die Regelschaltung 21 gemeldeten Temperatur-Meßwerte.Causes the control circuit 18 in response to a measured with the outdoor temperature sensor AF2 (and here actually available) outside temperature switching on the pump 16 and thus the removal of heating water from the upper storage area, or hot water is removed from the hot water bladder 23, then decrease with the Running time of the feed pump 16, the measured by means of the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 and reported to the control circuit 21 temperature measured values.

Wird dabei ein Minimalwert von beispielsweise 45°C am Temperatursensor T1 unterschritten, so muß dem kombinierten Speicher 22 vom Heizkessel 1 her über die Heizkesselvorlaufleitung 7 Wärme zugeführt werden. Dies geschieht, indem zu dem Zeitpunkt des Unterschreitens des Temperatur-Messwertes von 45°C am Temperatursensor T1 mittels der Regelschaltung 21 ein simulierter Temperaturwert von - 20°C erzeugt und als fiktive Außentemperatur an den Signaleingang AF1 der internen Regelung 20 gelegt wird.If this falls below a minimum value, for example, 45 ° C at the temperature sensor T1, 7 must be supplied to the combined memory 22 from the boiler 1 forth on the boiler flow line 7 heat. This is done by at the time of falling below the temperature reading of 45 ° C at the temperature sensor T1 is generated by means of the control circuit 21, a simulated temperature value of - 20 ° C and is applied as a fictitious external temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.

Das hat zur Folge, daß der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 eingeschaltet wird und der Heizkessel 1 Wärme erzeugt und an das Heizwasser überträgt. Zeitgleich wird die Förderpumpe 9 über die Regelschaltung 21 eingeschaltet. Je nach Kesselart, Brennwert oder Niedertemperatur, kann auch hier eine Rücklauf-Temperaturanhebung, z.B. mittels eines RTL-Ventils, vorhanden sein für den Fall, daß das über die Rücklaufleitung 8 zum Heizkessel 1 zugeführte Heizwasser unzulässig kalt ist. Insbesondere bei Niedertemperaturkesseln wird damit die Kondensation im Kesselkörper verhindert.This has the consequence that the burner is turned on in the boiler 1 and the boiler 1 generates heat and transmits to the heating water. At the same time, the feed pump 9 is turned on via the control circuit 21. Depending on the type of boiler, calorific value or low temperature, a return temperature increase, e.g. by means of an RTL valve, be present in the event that the supplied via the return line 8 to the boiler 1 heating water is unduly cold. Especially in low-temperature boilers so condensation in the boiler body is prevented.

Der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 bleibt so lange eingeschaltet, bis an der Position des Temperatursensors T2 eine voreingestellt Solltemperatur von z.B. 60°C im kombinierten Speicher 22 gemessen wird. Zum Zeitpunkt des Überschreitens des Temperatur-Messwertes von 60°C am Temperatursensor T2 wird mittels der Regelschaltung 21 ein simulierter Temperaturwert von -20°C erzeugt und als fiktive Außentemperatur an den Signaleingang AF1 der internen Regelung 20 gelegt.The burner in the boiler 1 remains switched on until at the position of the temperature sensor T2 a preset target temperature of e.g. 60 ° C in the combined memory 22 is measured. At the time of exceeding the temperature measurement value of 60 ° C at the temperature sensor T2, a simulated temperature value of -20 ° C is generated by the control circuit 21 and set as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.

Das bewirkt, daß der Brenner im Heizkessel 1 ausgeschaltet wird. Ebenso wird die Förderpumpe 9 sofort oder alternativ mit einer Nachlaufzeit von 1 , 5 oder 10 Minuten ausgeschaltet. Die Nachlaufzeit stellt sicher, daß im Heizkessel 1 noch vorhandene Wärme in den kombinierten Speicher 22 abgegeben wird, um Störungen durch Überhitzung des Heizkessels 1 zu vermeiden.This causes the burner in the boiler 1 is turned off. Likewise, the feed pump 9 is switched off immediately or alternatively with a follow-up time of 1, 5 or 10 minutes. The lag time ensures that the boiler 1 still existing heat is discharged into the combined memory 22 to avoid interference due to overheating of the boiler 1.

Damit sind auch hier erfindungsgemäß ein Einschaltsignal über den Temperatursensor T1 und jeweils ein Ausschaltsignal über die Temperatursensoren T2 und T3 in Verbindung mit den Regelschaltungen 20 und 21 generierbar.Thus, according to the invention, a switch-on signal via the temperature sensor T1 and in each case a switch-off signal via the temperature sensors T2 and T3 in conjunction with the control circuits 20 and 21 can be generated.

Die Temperatursensoren T2 und T3 können auch hier wahlweise bzw. alternativ genutzt, um das Ausschaltsignal zu generieren, und es ist auch bei dieser Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung denkbar, lediglich einen Temperatursensor zu verwenden und diesen je nach Bedarf bei T2 oder T3 zu positionieren, um die entsprechenden Temperatur-Meßwerte zu erhalten. So kann die Anpassung auch dieser Heizungsanlage beispielsweise an den unterschiedlichen Wärmebedarf in der Sommer- und Winterperiode am selben Standort oder an den unterschiedlichen Wärmebedarf bei Einsatz derselben Heizungsanlage an verschiedenen, sich bezüglich klimatischer Bedingungen unterscheidender Standorte angepaßt werden.The temperature sensors T2 and T3 can also alternatively or alternatively be used to generate the switch-off signal, and it is also conceivable in this embodiment of the invention to use only a temperature sensor and to position it as needed at T2 or T3 to the to obtain appropriate temperature readings. Thus, the adaptation of this heating system, for example, to the different heat demand in the summer and winter period at the same location or the different heat demand be adjusted when using the same heating system at different, differing in climatic conditions locations.

Auch hier können die Temperatursensoren T1, T2 und T3 als Anlege- oder Klemmfühler ausgebildet sein oder auch mittels Tauchhülsen in den kombinierten Speicher 22 eingebracht werden.Again, the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 may be formed as a contact or clamping sensor or introduced by means of immersion sleeves in the combined memory 22.

Die Erfindung ist nicht darauf beschränkt, die Regelschaltungen 19, 20 und 21 wie vorstehend anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben als gesonderte Baugruppen auszuführen und körperlich und räumlich getrennt anzuordnen, sondern es liegt ausdrücklich im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Regelschaltungen technisch miteinander zu verflechten, als einheitliche Baugruppe auszuführen und die Heizungsanlage damit auszustatten.The invention is not limited to execute the control circuits 19, 20 and 21 as described above with reference to two embodiments as separate assemblies and physically and spatially separated, but it is expressly within the scope of the invention, the control circuits technically intertwine with each other, as a unitary assembly carry out and equip the heating system with it.

Die getrennte Ausführung hat lediglich den Vorteil, daß bestehende Heizungsanlagen mit Außentemperaturführung mit der Regelschaltung 21 in unkomplizierter Weise nachgerüstet werden können.The separate version has only the advantage that existing heating systems with outdoor temperature control can be retrofitted with the control circuit 21 in an uncomplicated manner.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Heizkesselboiler
22
BrauchwasserspeicherHot water heater
33
Pufferspeicherbuffer memory
44
HeizwasservorlaufleitungHeizwasservorlaufleitung
55
HeizwasserrücklaufleitungHeizwasserrücklaufleitung
66
Förderpumpefeed pump
77
HeizkesselvorlaufleitungBoiler feed line
88th
HeizkesselrücklaufleitungBoiler return line
99
Förderpumpefeed pump
1010
Duscheshower
1111
KaltwasserzulaufCold water supply
1212
Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
1313
Heizkreisheating circuit
1414
HeizkreisvorlaufleitungHeizkreisvorlaufleitung
1515
Mischventilmixing valve
1616
Förderpumpefeed pump
1717
HeizkreisrücklaufleitungHeizkreisrücklaufleitung
1818
Regelschaltungcontrol circuit
1919
Steuerleitungcontrol line
2020
Regelschaltungcontrol circuit
2121
Regelschaltungcontrol circuit
2222
Kombinierter SpeicherCombined memory
2323
BrauchwasserblaseWater bubble
TV1 , TV2TV1, TV2
Temperatursensorentemperature sensors
AF2AF2
AußentemperatursensorOutside temperature sensor
AF1AF1
Signaleingang für AußentemperatursensorSignal input for outside temperature sensor
PH1, PH2PH1, PH2
Steuerleitungencontrol lines
MK1 , MK2MK1, MK2
Steuerleitungencontrol lines
T1, T2, T3T1, T2, T3
Temperatursensorentemperature sensors

Claims (17)

  1. A process for regulating a heating system intended for external temperature control, which is provided for space heating and/or for service water heating and in which a heating medium, which is to be heated and is stored in a storage tank (3), is present, comprising the process steps:
    - measuring temperatures of the heating medium in the storage tank (3) at two or more different levels - in relation to the direction of gravity - above the base area of the storage tank (3),
    - linking the measured temperature values obtained by this for the purpose of obtaining control signals which are used to heat the heating medium according to requirements, characterised in that
    - a control signal is obtained from the measured temperature values, which control signal is used as an equivalent for a measured external temperature value and is applied to the signal input of a regulating circuit (20) instead of a measured external temperature value.
  2. A process according to Claim 1, in which control signals are obtained for switching a delivery pump (9) for the heating medium on and off and/or for switching a burner for heating the heating medium on and off.
  3. A process according to Claim 2, in which control signals for switching on are obtained according to a measured temperature value from an upper region - in relation to the direction of gravity - of the storage tank (3) and control signals for switching off are obtained according to at least one measured temperature value from a lower region - in relation to the direction of gravity - of the storage tank (3).
  4. A process according to Claim 3, in which the control signals for switching off are obtained according to two measured temperature values from different levels - in relation to the direction of gravity - in the lower region of the storage tank (3).
  5. A process according to one of the preceding claims, in which, in addition to oil or gas, further energy sources such as solid fuels, solar panels and/or stove inserts, are used to heat the heating medium, wherein the oil or gas energy source is only used if there is insufficient energy available from the other sources.
  6. A heating system at least comprising
    - a boiler (1) having a burner for heating a heating medium, preferably of water,
    - a storage tank (3) for the heated heating medium, which is in communication with the boiler (1) by way of a boiler feed pipe (7) and a boiler return pipe (8) for the heating medium,
    - one or more heat exchangers through which the heating medium flows and which are connected to the storage tank (3) by way of a heating circuit feed pipe (14) and a heating circuit return pipe (17) for the heating medium,
    - delivery pumps (9, 16) in the feed and/or return pipes, which may be switched on and off by control signals,
    - a controllable mixing valve (15) for influencing the temperature of the heating medium flowing through the heating circuit feed pipe (14) by mixing hotter and colder heating medium,
    - temperature sensors (T) for obtaining measured temperature values, and
    - electronic regulating circuits for generating control signals for the delivery pumps and for the mixing valve (15) as a result of linking measured temperature values, wherein
    - two or more temperature sensors (T) are heat-conductively coupled to the heating medium stored in the storage tank (3),
    - these temperature sensors (T) - as seen in the direction of gravity - are positioned at vertical spacings above the base area of the storage tank (3), and
    - the measured temperature values determined by these temperature sensors (T) are applied to the inputs of a regulating circuit (21) for generating control signals for the burner and/or for a delivery pump (9) in the boiler feed pipe (7) or boiler return pipe (8), wherein
    the control signals for switching the burner and/or the delivery pump (9) in the boiler feed pipe (7) on or off are available at the signal output of the regulating circuit (21),
    characterised in that
    - measured temperature values, which are determined by the temperature sensors (T), are linked within the regulating circuit to obtain a control signal which, as an equivalent for a measured external temperature value, is applied instead of a measured external temperature value to the signal input of an internal regulating circuit (20) of a heating system provided for external temperature control.
  7. A heating system according to Claim 6, in which at least one of the temperature sensors (AF2) is provided for measuring the external temperature and the delivery pumps (9) are switched on and off according to the measured temperature values determined by the temperature sensors (T) and/or the mixing valve (15) is controlled according to the measured temperature values determined by the temperature sensors (T).
  8. A heating system according to Claim 6 or 7, in which two temperature sensors (T1, T2) are heat-conductively coupled to the heating medium within the storage tank (3), wherein
    - a first temperature sensor (T1) is arranged in the upper region of the storage tank (3) - in relation to the direction of gravity - and
    - a second temperature sensor (T2) is arranged in the lower region of the storage tank (3) - in relation to the direction of gravity - between its base area and the position of the first temperature sensor (T1).
  9. A heating system according to one of Claims 6 to 8, in which means are present for heat-conductively coupling the second temperature sensor (T2) to the heating medium optionally at different levels in the lower region of the storage tank (3), between its base area and the position of the first temperature sensor (T1).
  10. A heating system according to Claim 6 or 7, in which three temperature sensors (T1, T2, T3) are heat-conductively coupled to the heating medium within the storage tank (3), wherein, in each case in relation to the direction of gravity,
    - a first temperature sensor (T1) is positioned in the upper storage region,
    - a second temperature sensor (T2) is positioned in the lower storage region near to the base area of the storage tank, and
    - a third temperature sensor (T3) is positioned in the storage region between the first temperature sensor (T1) and the second temperature sensor (T2).
  11. A heating system according to Claim 10, in which the regulating circuit (21) has three signal inputs connected to the temperature sensors (T1, T2, T3) in the storage tank (3) and also a further signal input which is connected to the external temperature sensor (AF1).
  12. A heating system according to one of Claims 6 to 11, in which a device for heating service water is present.
  13. A heating system according to Claim 12, in which a service water bladder (23) through which the service water flows is present in the storage tank (3) for the purpose of transferring heat from the heating medium to the service water.
  14. A heating system according to Claim 12, in which a service water storage tank (2) is provided in addition to the storage tank (3) for the heating medium.
  15. A heating system according to Claim 14, in which a heat exchanger (12) through which the heating medium flows is present in the service water storage tank (2) for the purpose of transferring heat from the heating medium to the service water.
  16. A heating system according to one of Claims 6 to 15, in which the regulating circuit (21) is constructed as a separate unit and is provided for retrofitting in existing heating systems.
  17. A heating system according to one of Claims 12 to 16, in which the regulating circuit (21) is integrated in the internal regulating circuit (20).
EP06018062A 2006-08-30 2006-08-30 Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carying out said method Not-in-force EP1898160B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT06018062T ATE498098T1 (en) 2006-08-30 2006-08-30 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A HEATING SYSTEM AND HEATING SYSTEM FOR EXERCISING THIS METHOD
DE502006008880T DE502006008880D1 (en) 2006-08-30 2006-08-30 Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carrying out this method
EP06018062A EP1898160B1 (en) 2006-08-30 2006-08-30 Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carying out said method
PCT/EP2007/004608 WO2008025389A1 (en) 2006-08-30 2007-05-24 Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carrying out this method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06018062A EP1898160B1 (en) 2006-08-30 2006-08-30 Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carying out said method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1898160A1 EP1898160A1 (en) 2008-03-12
EP1898160B1 true EP1898160B1 (en) 2011-02-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06018062A Not-in-force EP1898160B1 (en) 2006-08-30 2006-08-30 Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carying out said method

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP1898160B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE498098T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502006008880D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008025389A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009128797A2 (en) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-22 Boris Kikish Heat supply system based on at least one thermal receiver
DE102008023355A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Abo Engineering Stute & Cebulla Ohg Method for operating heating system utilized for heating water in house, involves finally delivering residual heat from return line, detecting charging condition of memory and synchronizing heat source depending on measured values
GB2470958A (en) 2009-06-12 2010-12-15 Martin Howes Heating system comprising a wireless control system
WO2012031688A2 (en) * 2010-08-23 2012-03-15 Accuramics Gmbh Heat store device and controller for a heating plant
JP6400310B2 (en) * 2014-03-17 2018-10-03 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 Hot water supply system and control method thereof
CN109972869B (en) * 2019-04-25 2024-03-15 六合科技无锡有限公司 Sauna room with heating elements independently controlled

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GB8528300D0 (en) * 1985-11-16 1985-12-18 Micro Design Associates Ltd Control for central heating/cooling system
AT400629B (en) * 1994-05-27 1996-02-26 Vaillant Gmbh Water heater
DE19511369A1 (en) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-05 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Domestic hot-water installation with secondary heat exchanger and reservoir
DE4429215A1 (en) * 1994-08-18 1996-03-14 Viessmann Werke Kg Control method for heating boiler burner
DE29511720U1 (en) * 1995-07-20 1996-06-20 Hustedt, Johann, 28327 Bremen Heating system
DE29801084U1 (en) * 1998-02-17 1999-10-14 Schmidt, Walter, 49084 Osnabrück Heating system or a heating system with one or more heat generators
DE10033669A1 (en) * 2000-05-30 2001-12-06 Schmidt Walter Heating system has e.g. heat generator, buffer with temperature regulator, pump, non-return valve, distribution devices, mixer, temperature limiter, heating circuit, consumable water tank
DE10352984B3 (en) * 2003-11-13 2004-11-04 Bbt Thermotechnik Gmbh Process for regulating a heating arrangement comprises adjusting the types of operation for the whole heating arrangement
AT7954U1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2005-11-15 Logotherm Regelsysteme Gmbh DEVICE FOR HEATING THE HEAT CARRIER OF A HEATING AND WASTEWATER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1898160A1 (en) 2008-03-12
ATE498098T1 (en) 2011-02-15
DE502006008880D1 (en) 2011-03-24
WO2008025389A1 (en) 2008-03-06

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