EP1894691B1 - Split lining for bamboo canes - Google Patents

Split lining for bamboo canes Download PDF

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EP1894691B1
EP1894691B1 EP07115447A EP07115447A EP1894691B1 EP 1894691 B1 EP1894691 B1 EP 1894691B1 EP 07115447 A EP07115447 A EP 07115447A EP 07115447 A EP07115447 A EP 07115447A EP 1894691 B1 EP1894691 B1 EP 1894691B1
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bamboo
segments
cane
bamboo cane
drying
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EP1894691A1 (en
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Alexander Schmidmeier
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating bamboo tubes in order to at least visually avoid cracks by either a radial view is prevented by appropriate design of the crack or kerf or overlap of the gap with a cover strip, so that the opacity even with changing Gap width is still maintained. Even an actual crack avoidance by assembling from z. B. half shells is possible.
  • bamboo Due to its high elasticity and stability, especially in Asia, bamboo is used in a variety of ways as a constructive element, from the construction of tower-high scaffolding to the use as a material for seating and crockery.
  • bamboo tube Since the bamboo tube has a closed, circular cross-section, and is divided longitudinally at irregular intervals of bulkhead transverse walls, the methods known from the treatment of logs processed solid wood methods of crack prevention (layered gluing the solid wood planes in an angular fiber direction to each other) not Crack prevention can be used. Because on the one hand, bamboo is not biologically a species of wood, but a giant grass and also there are almost opposite behaviors in physical terms:
  • the support cells which give the bamboo its strength, while inwardly follow the Leitzellen and storage cells for the water to be absorbed with the built-up builders.
  • the two substances behave absolutely unequally, especially since the physical behavior of the bamboo due to the Hollow construction with the existing in the axial direction transverse walls is again completely different.
  • the moisture content of bamboo canes is not only generally higher in the cut than in wood, but also varies much more depending on the location, current climate and, viewed in the cross-sectional direction of the bamboo tube as well as in the axial longitudinal direction, of the size.
  • the describes DE 43 00 557 A1 already a method for crack prevention, slashed at the bamboo tubes at a circumferential location in the longitudinal direction, then dried and the resulting slot with a strip of material, usually also made of bamboo, is closed or separated in a second method, the bamboo tube in two or more half-shells and after final drying these half-shells are reassembled.
  • Another difficulty affecting the tensions in the bamboo are the irregular interspaces of the inner transverse walls, which are also expressed in a reinforced bead surrounding the outside of the bamboo.
  • One way to reduce the tendency of bamboo pipes to crack is to lower the bottom 50 to 200 cm of the grown bamboo cane and to harvest only the top of the tube, as the height of the bamboo cane decreases greatly with increasing height.
  • the active drying of the bamboo is carried out in several stages:
  • the bamboo is preferably dried outdoors from the initial moisture content (50 to 100%) to the so-called fiber saturation limit.
  • This is bamboo between 14 and 21 wt.% Water, in contrast to wood, where this value is 23 to 35%.
  • bamboo already begins to shrink in this first drying phase in contrast to wood, which begins to shrink only after falling below the fiber saturation value. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are by weight.
  • This first phase is carried out by upright storage in the semi-shade outdoors for 2 to 10 weeks, especially from 3 to 4 weeks.
  • the moisture content is reduced to a value of about 17% within a range of 13% to 25%. This value corresponds to the moisture balance, as it sets with sufficiently long storage due to the ambient humidity in the tropics.
  • the bamboo In the second stage, ideally starting from the fiber saturation content of moisture, it is dried down to 7% to 10% final moisture.
  • this second drying phase of the bamboo is preferably the bound in the outer water from water, which is why these outer layers want to contract, but this is not possible due to the differently behaving inner tube areas.
  • the pipe diameter is bent, so that the circumference increases and possibly at one point of the pipe circumference, a longitudinal gap is formed or increases.
  • the air temperature is between 30 ° and 60 ° C and the relative humidity is 75% to 33%, whereby the initial moisture of the bamboo in this second phase may not exceed 24%.
  • drying is regularly checked during chamber drying with a moisture meter, which happens every 2 hours during the second drying phase, and every 2 days in the previous first phase outdoors.
  • the bamboo tube regularly sprayed with water to prevent cracking there especially.
  • the residence time in the climatic chamber is 2 to 4 days, wherein compared to the last phase in the drying chamber again a reduction in diameter of the bamboo tube takes place by 5 to 12%, due to the higher relative humidity in the climatic chamber compared to the last phase in the drying chamber.
  • This is used deliberately, as it has been found that this under-drying in the drying chamber increases the subsequent crack resistance of the processed bamboo cane, since they later have a lower swell. This could be related to the sustainable collapse of individual capillaries.
  • the gap is at least as such no longer visible, or actually no longer present, if an actual, mechanical closing takes place instead of only an optical shutter.
  • One method is to make the longitudinal gap optically not appear, because you can not see through the longitudinal gap in normal, radial view of the tube into the interior of the tube.
  • This is achieved by the longitudinal gap is produced by a section which is not radially, but so much obliquely guided to the radial direction, namely inclined by at least thirty degrees thereto, that when viewed radially to a part of the one sectional surface of the gap is seen but can not be seen inside the tube.
  • Another method is that the separation of the bamboo tube in the longitudinal direction takes place at least two separate locations of the circumference and thereby the bamboo tube in at least two separate segments, for example, two half-shells, is separated.
  • the advantage is that due to the division into at least two different segments a better release of the stresses in the individual segments is possible, as in a separated only at one point, otherwise whole tube, and thus the remaining residual stresses are correspondingly lower.
  • Another advantage is that by separating into several segments work on the inner surfaces of these segments can be easily performed, for example, the removal of the transverse walls or their remaining remains can be done very easily completely and also a Schichtabtragung the bamboo from the inside, So the innermost layers, can be done in a simple manner.
  • transverse walls is preferably moved so that the transverse walls are only opened before drying, so in the center of a hole is introduced with a fifth to a quarter of the outer diameter of the tube in the transverse walls, and the rest of the transverse walls only after the splitting of the tube is removed in segments.
  • Disadvantage of this method is that the segments, in particular the two half-shells, deform under different circumstances under different circumstances, and then no longer match seamlessly, for example, because their free edges occupy a different distance from each other. At least, however, reduces the bending radius of the individual segments, so that juxtaposed cut surfaces wedge-shaped upwardly widening Fugue would result, which can be closed by adhesive, but then visually visible.
  • the separation of the bamboo tube into segments does not take place by means of a saw, but by means of a splitting tool, as a knife, so that no material is machined.
  • This has, inter alia, the advantage that the splitting follows the fiber path of the bamboo, so that fibers are not interrupted, even if the resulting gap thereby does not necessarily run rectilinearly along a surface line of the tubular tube, but possibly at an angle thereto. Since the outer surfaces of the bamboo tubes at the joint after assembly may no longer be aligned miteinender, a leveling of the joints is made on the outer circumference, so that no paragraph remains at the joint. In this case, in particular, a material removal over the entire outer circumference can take place, ie the removal of a continuous layer around the entire outer circumference.
  • Fig. 1 shows a bamboo tube 1 in cross section, in which the transverse wall 5 is largely removed and the bamboo tube 1 was cut along a surface line, whereby a longitudinal gap 2 was formed.
  • Fig. 2 shows the bamboo tube according to Fig. 1 after the drying process, whereby the bamboo tube 1 has contracted along its circumference and thus the longitudinal gap 2 was significantly wider. It can u. U. the outer diameter of the bamboo tube 1 compared to the state before drying even slightly larger.
  • the side walls 14 of the longitudinal gap 2 are still standing substantially radially to the longitudinal axis 15 of the bamboo tube, whereby a circumferentially open tube would arise, in which one can still see from radially outside, which would be undesirable.
  • Fig. 3 shows a solution in which the longitudinal gap 2 in the bamboo cane 1 de facto not closed at all, but only visually so far not striking as a longitudinal gap than through this longitudinal gap 2 in normal view of the bamboo tube 1, namely radially from the outside, no longer inside the bamboo tube 1 can be seen:
  • the longitudinal gap 2 is generated by an obliquely guided to the radial direction 19 section, so that the resulting cut surfaces 18a, 18b are also inclined to the radial direction.
  • the inclination is chosen to be sufficiently strong, so that in relation to the thickness of the bamboo tube, the cut edges 18a, b overlap in the circumferential direction, no view into the interior of the tube is possible when viewed radially.
  • inclinations of approximately 45 ° to the radial direction 19 are sufficient for this purpose.
  • FIGS. 4 show a way of avoiding cracking:
  • the bamboo tube 1 is like in Fig. 4a shown in the longitudinal direction in a plurality, in this case two, segments 1 a, b separated by cutting by means of a knife along the fiber direction.
  • a knife along the fiber direction.
  • the transverse walls 5 are also at least partially removed, for example, by piercing them in the middle, thereby removing at least about a quarter of the area of the transverse walls 5, respectively.
  • the segments 1a, b produced in this way are subsequently dried, as explained in more detail by way of example in the description, and the residues of the transverse walls 5 are completely removed, in particular at the end of the drying process.
  • the segments 1 a, b bend usually something on, so change z. B. their original semicircular shape to a circle segment with less than 180 °.
  • the z. B. two segments 1a, b one and the same original same bamboo tube 1 often in different ways, so that the two segments thereafter have a different diameter, that is, a different width.
  • the thus deformed segments 1a, b now have much less internal stresses than the previously entire bamboo tube 1, so that when joining, for example gluing, the segments 1a, b to a closed new bamboo tube 1 ', as in Fig. 4d shown, the risk of subsequent re-breaking is only very low.
  • the cut edges 18a, b which no longer extend radially after drying, must be processed. From the cut surfaces material is removed, preferably by means of a knife, planer or a grinder, the outer edge of the cut surface 18a, b as possible not processed or impaired, but the material removal from there wedge-shaped towards the inner surface of the segment 1a, b increases, so that the resulting new cut surfaces 18'a and 18'b are placed against each other, as in Fig. 4d represented, touching on the outer edge and result in an inwardly open wedge-shaped adhesive joint 6, which can be closed by adhesive, such as epoxy resin.
  • adhesive such as epoxy resin
  • the segments placed opposite one another in the cross section because of the bending of the segments to a too lenticular, deviating from the circular form may - preferably before fixing, for example bonding, the segments against each other - the area of the largest radius of this lens or ellipse shape of the Cross-section be flattened by grinding or scraping, as in Fig. 4d indicated.
  • Fig. 5 shows a restored in this way bamboo tube 1 ", which was created from a total of four initially divided segments 1 ad.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves isolating a bamboo cane (1) after developing tension in the bamboo cane in a longitudinal direction over an entire length in a peripheral point, and optically closing a longitudinal gap (2) that is developed in the bamboo cane. The bamboo cane is dried up to fiber saturation point. Finish-cutting of the bamboo cone is performed by closing the longitudinal gap and processing the bamboo cone at an end point during an air conditioning phase. The bamboo cone is air-conditioned for about 12 hours per day in the air condition phase. An independent claim is also included for an extensively closed bamboo cane.

Description

I. AnwendungsgebietI. Field of application

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Behandlung von Bambusrohren, um Risse zumindest optisch zu vermeiden, indem entweder ein radialer Durchblick verhindert wird durch entsprechende Gestaltung des Risses bzw. der Schnittfuge oder eine Überdeckung des Spaltes mit einem Abdeckstreifen, so dass die Blickdichtigkeit auch bei sich ändernder Spaltbreite noch gewahrt bleibt. Auch eine tatsächliche Rissvermeidung durch Zusammensetzen aus z. B. Halbschalen ist möglich.The invention relates to a method for treating bamboo tubes in order to at least visually avoid cracks by either a radial view is prevented by appropriate design of the crack or kerf or overlap of the gap with a cover strip, so that the opacity even with changing Gap width is still maintained. Even an actual crack avoidance by assembling from z. B. half shells is possible.

II. Technischer HintergrundII. Technical background

Bambus wird aufgrund seiner hohen Elastizität und Stabilität, vor allem in Asien, in vielfältigster Weise als konstruktives Element eingesetzt, vom Erstellen kirchturmhoher Baugerüste bis zur Verwendung als Material für Sitzmöbel und Geschirr.Due to its high elasticity and stability, especially in Asia, bamboo is used in a variety of ways as a constructive element, from the construction of tower-high scaffolding to the use as a material for seating and crockery.

Auch in Europa wird Bambus, vor allem für die Herstellung von Sitzmöbeln, Bettgestellen und ähnlichem eingesetzt.Bamboo is also used in Europe, especially for the production of seating furniture, bed frames and the like.

Dabei besteht grundsätzlich das Problem, dass der Feuchtegehalt, wie ihn das Bambusrohr während des Wachstums besitzt, nämlich etwa 55-110 Gewichts%, nach dem Abschneiden des Rohres und der Beendigung der kapillaren Wasserzuführung aus dem Wurzelwerk auf die Luftfeuchtigkeit der Umgebung absinkt. Während im asiatischen Raum aufgrund der meist sehr hohen Luftfeuchtigkeit dieser Unterschied nur vereinzelt zur Rissbildung des Bambusrohres führt, reißen solche Rohre beim Transport nach Europa oder Nordamerika und vor allem beim Einsatz in zentralbeheizten oder klimatisierten Räumen fast regelmäßig, aufgrund der dann bestehenden sehr hohen Feuchtedifferenz.There is basically the problem that the moisture content, as it has the bamboo tube during growth, namely about 55-110% by weight, after cutting the tube and the completion of the capillary water supply from the root system to the humidity of the environment decreases. While in Asia due to the usually very high humidity this difference leads only occasionally to the cracking of the bamboo pipe, tear such pipes when transporting to Europe or North America and especially when used in centrally heated or air-conditioned rooms almost regularly, due to the then existing very high humidity difference.

Zwar wird durch Rissbildung auch die Stabilität des Bambusrohres beeinträchtigt, jedoch ist dies nicht der ausschlaggebende Nachteil, sondern die verschlechterte optische Wirkung, wenn das Bambusrohr als Konstruktionsmaterial für relativ hochwertige Möbel verwendet wurde.Although the stability of the bamboo cane is affected by cracking, this is not the major drawback, but the degraded optical effect when the bamboo cane was used as a construction material for relatively high-quality furniture.

Da das Bambusrohr einen geschlossenen, runden Querschnitt besitzt, und in Längsrichtung in unregelmäßigen Abständen von schottartigen Querwänden abgeteilt wird, können die aus der Behandlung von zu Brettern verarbeitetem Massivholz bekannten Methoden der Rissvermeidung (schichtweises Verleimen der Massivholz-Ebenen in winkliger Faserrichtung zueinander) nicht zur Rissvermeidung eingesetzt werden. Denn einerseits ist Bambus rein biologisch gesehen nicht eine Holzart, sondern ein Riesengras und auch davon abgesehen bestehen fast gegenläufige Verhaltensweisen in physikalischer Hinsicht:Since the bamboo tube has a closed, circular cross-section, and is divided longitudinally at irregular intervals of bulkhead transverse walls, the methods known from the treatment of logs processed solid wood methods of crack prevention (layered gluing the solid wood planes in an angular fiber direction to each other) not Crack prevention can be used. Because on the one hand, bamboo is not biologically a species of wood, but a giant grass and also there are almost opposite behaviors in physical terms:

Während Holz die Leitzellen zum Flüssigkeitstransport vor allem in den Außenbereichen direkt unter der Rinde hat und daher ein Baumstamm im Außenbereich den höchsten und im Kernbereich den niedrigsten Feuchtegehalt aufweist, ist es bei Bambus genau umgekehrt:While wood has the conduction cells for the transport of liquids, especially in the outer areas directly under the bark and therefore has a tree trunk in the outdoor area the highest and the core area has the lowest moisture content, it is exactly the opposite with bamboo:

Im äußeren Drittel des Rohres befinden sich die Stützzellen, die dem Bambus seine Festigkeit geben, während nach innen die Leitzellen und Speicherzellen für das aufzunehmende Wasser mit den enthaltenen Aufbaustoffen folgen. Demzufolge verhalten sich die beiden Stoffe absolut ungleich, zumal noch hinzukommt, dass das physikalische Verhalten des Bambus aufgrund der Hohlkonstruktion mit den in axialer Richtung vorhandenen Querwänden nochmals völlig anders ist.In the outer third of the tube are the support cells, which give the bamboo its strength, while inwardly follow the Leitzellen and storage cells for the water to be absorbed with the built-up builders. As a result, the two substances behave absolutely unequally, especially since the physical behavior of the bamboo due to the Hollow construction with the existing in the axial direction transverse walls is again completely different.

Zusätzlich ist der Feuchtegehalt von Bambusrohren beim Schnitt nicht nur grundsätzlich höher als bei Holz, sondern schwankt auch sehr viel stärker in Abhängigkeit vom Standort, momentanem Klima und, betrachtet in Querschnittsrichtung des Bambusrohres als auch in axialer Längsrichtung, von der Größe.In addition, the moisture content of bamboo canes is not only generally higher in the cut than in wood, but also varies much more depending on the location, current climate and, viewed in the cross-sectional direction of the bamboo tube as well as in the axial longitudinal direction, of the size.

Darüber hinaus beschreibt die DE 43 00 557 A1 bereits ein Verfahren zur Rissverhinderung, bei der Bambusrohre an einer Umfangsstelle in Längsrichtung aufgeschlitzt, dann fertig getrocknet und der entstandene Schlitz mit einem Materialstreifen, meist ebenfalls aus Bambus, verschlossen wird oder in einer zweiten Methode das Bambusrohr in zwei oder mehr Halbschalen aufgetrennt und nach der endgültigen Trocknung diese Halbschalen wieder zusammengesetzt werden.In addition, the describes DE 43 00 557 A1 already a method for crack prevention, slashed at the bamboo tubes at a circumferential location in the longitudinal direction, then dried and the resulting slot with a strip of material, usually also made of bamboo, is closed or separated in a second method, the bamboo tube in two or more half-shells and after final drying these half-shells are reassembled.

Allerdings wird bei letzterer Methode die exakt radiale Vorbearbeitung der Klebeflächen vor dem Zusammenfügen gefordert, wobei das Auftrennen entlang einer Mantellinie, also einer Geraden, erfolgen soll.However, in the latter method, the exact radial pre-processing of the adhesive surfaces required before joining, the separation along a surface line, so a straight line should be made.

III. Darstellung der ErfindungIII. Presentation of the invention a) Technische Aufgabea) Technical task

Es ist daher eine Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem Bambusrohre, die auch ein und/oder mehrere Querwände aufweisen, so behandelt werden können, dass Risse des Bambusrohres nach dessen Verarbeitung vermieden werden oder zumindest nicht sichtbar sind.It is therefore an object according to the invention to provide a method by which bamboo tubes, which also have one and / or a plurality of transverse walls, can be treated so that cracks in the bamboo tube after processing are avoided or at least not visible.

b) Lösung der Aufgabeb) Solution of the task

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und 14 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 14. Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

Die beschriebenen Verfahren sollen eine Herabsetzung der auftretenden mechanischen Spannungen bewirken.The methods described are intended to bring about a reduction in the mechanical stresses that occur.

Diese Spannungen sind einerseits durch die geschlossene, runde Querschnittskontur des Bambus bedingt, wodurch selbst bei prozentual gleichmäßigem Schwund des Bambus in der äußeren Schicht Zugspannungen gegenüber der inneren Schicht auftreten müssen. Dies wird noch verstärkt durch die innere Struktur des Bambus, die im äußeren Drittel mehr Stützzellen und im inneren Drittel mehr röhrenartige Wasser-Transportzellen sowie Speicherzellen aufweist.These tensions are caused on the one hand by the closed, round cross-sectional contour of the bamboo, whereby tensile stresses must occur in relation to the inner layer even with percentage uniform shrinkage of the bamboo in the outer layer. This is reinforced by the inner structure of the bamboo, which has more supporting cells in the outer third and more tubular water transport cells and storage cells in the inner third.

Eine weitere Schwierigkeit der Beeinflussung der Spannungen im Bambus sind die in unregelmäßigen Abständen vorhandenen inneren Querwände, die sich auch in einem auf der Außenseite des Bambus umlaufenden, verstärkten Wulst äußern.Another difficulty affecting the tensions in the bamboo are the irregular interspaces of the inner transverse walls, which are also expressed in a reinforced bead surrounding the outside of the bamboo.

Die mechanische Behandlung muss jedoch durch spezielle, abgestufte Trocknungsvorgänge unterstützt werden, um ein auch in europäischen Klimaverhältnissen nicht reißendes Bambusprodukt zu erhalten:However, the mechanical treatment must be supported by special, gradual drying processes in order to obtain a bamboo product that does not break even in European climatic conditions:

Vorbehandlung:pretreatment:

Eine Möglichkeit, die Rissneigung bei Bambusrohren zu mindern, besteht darin, einerseits die unteren 50 bis 200 cm des gewachsenen Bambusrohres stehen zu lassen und nur den oberen Bereich des Rohres zu ernten, da mit zunehmender Höhe der Ausgangs-Feuchtegehalt des Bambusrohres stark abnimmt.One way to reduce the tendency of bamboo pipes to crack is to lower the bottom 50 to 200 cm of the grown bamboo cane and to harvest only the top of the tube, as the height of the bamboo cane decreases greatly with increasing height.

Durch das einige Wochen vor dem Ernten erfolgende, weitestgehende Entfernen der Äste und Zweige des Bambus wird zusätzlich der Wassertransport durch das Bambusrohr verringert und damit der Ausgangs-Feuchtegehalt bei der Ernte.The removal of the bamboo branches and boughs, which takes place a few weeks before harvesting, also reduces the transport of water through the bamboo cane and thus the initial moisture content at harvest.

Vortrocknung:Pre-drying:

Unterstützend wird das geschnittene Rohr nach dem Ernten noch aufrecht stehend gelagert, am besten direkt im Bambushain, und dabei werden die noch vorhandenen Äste belassen, wodurch eine Art Vortrocknung durch Feuchtigkeitsabgabe über die Blätter und Verdunsten über die Schnittflächen stattfindet, unterstützt durch das Absinken der Feuchtigkeit im Bambusrohr durch die Schwerkraft.Supporting the cut tube after harvesting still stored upright, preferably directly in the bamboo grove, while the remaining branches are left, whereby a kind of pre-drying by moisture release over the leaves and evaporation takes over the cut surfaces, supported by the decrease in moisture in the bamboo tube by gravity.

Aktive Trocknung:Active drying:

Die aktive Trocknung des Bambus wird in mehreren Stufen vollzogen:The active drying of the bamboo is carried out in several stages:

1. Stufe:1st stage:

In der ersten Stufe wird der Bambus vorzugsweise im Freien vom Ausgangs-Feuchtigkeitsgehalt (50 bis 100%) bis auf die so genannte Fasersättigungsgrenze heruntergetrocknet. Diese liegt bei Bambus zwischen 14 und 21 Gew.% Wasser im Gegensatz zu Holz, bei dem dieser Wert 23 bis 35% beträgt. Auch beginnt Bambus bereits in dieser ersten Trocknungsphase zu schrumpfen im Gegensatz zu Holz, welches erst nach Unterschreiten des Fasersättigungswertes zu schrumpfen beginnt. Sofern nichts anderes angegeben, verstehen sich alle Prozentangaben als Gewichtsprozente.In the first stage, the bamboo is preferably dried outdoors from the initial moisture content (50 to 100%) to the so-called fiber saturation limit. This is bamboo between 14 and 21 wt.% Water, in contrast to wood, where this value is 23 to 35%. Also, bamboo already begins to shrink in this first drying phase in contrast to wood, which begins to shrink only after falling below the fiber saturation value. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are by weight.

Diese erste Phase wird durch aufrecht stehende Lagerung im Halbschatten im Freien für 2 bis 10 Wochen, insbesondere von 3 bis 4 Wochen, durchgeführt. Dabei verringert sich der Feuchtegehalt auf einen Wert von etwa 17% innerhalb einer Bandbreite von 13% bis 25%. Dieser Wert entspricht dem Feuchtegleichgewicht, wie es sich bei ausreichend langer Lagerung aufgrund der Umgebungsluftfeuchtigkeit in den Tropen einstellt.This first phase is carried out by upright storage in the semi-shade outdoors for 2 to 10 weeks, especially from 3 to 4 weeks. The moisture content is reduced to a value of about 17% within a range of 13% to 25%. This value corresponds to the moisture balance, as it sets with sufficiently long storage due to the ambient humidity in the tropics.

Dabei schrumpft der Bambus im Durchmesser um 4 bis 14%, so dass es vorteilhaft ist, bereits vor dieser ersten Trocknungsphase die Querwände zu öffnen. Dies kann durch Stossen oder einen im Durchmesser verstellbaren Bohrkopf geschehen.The bamboo shrinks in diameter by 4 to 14%, so that it is advantageous to open the transverse walls before this first drying phase. This can be done by poking or a diameter adjustable drill head.

Dies ist notwendig, da in dieser ersten Trocknungsphase vor allem das freie Wasser aus den vermehrt am Innenumfang liegenden Wasserleitungen abgegeben wird und bei geöffneten Querwänden besser nach außen austreten kann.This is necessary because in this first drying phase above all the free water is discharged from the water pipes, which are increasingly located on the inner circumference, and can exit better to the outside when the transverse walls are open.

Falls es in dieser ersten Stufe zu Rissen kommt, entstehen diese hauptsächlich von innen her, da durch Verdunsten des freien Wassers in den Kapillaren der Innenwand-nahen Bereiche des Rohres die stärkste Schrumpfung und Spannungsbildung auftritt. Mit den oben genannten Maßnahmen sind in dieser Trocknungsphase Rissbildungen jedoch weitgehend vermeidbar.If cracks occur in this first stage, they mainly arise from the inside, since evaporation of the free water in the capillaries of the inner wall-near areas of the pipe causes the greatest shrinkage and stress formation. With the above measures, however, cracking is largely avoidable in this drying phase.

2. Stufe (Trocknungskammmer/Klimaraum):2nd stage (drying chamber / climatic chamber):

In der zweiten Stufe wird, im Idealfall genau ausgehend vom Fasersättigungsgehalt an Feuchtigkeit, auf 7% bis 10% Endfeuchtigkeit herabgetrocknet. In dieser zweiten Trocknungsphase gibt der Bambus vorzugsweise das in den Außenbereichen gebundene Wasser ab, weswegen sich diese äußeren Schichten zusammenziehen wollen, was jedoch aufgrund der sich anders verhaltenden inneren Rohrbereiche nicht möglich ist. Dadurch wird - ähnlich wie bei einem Bimetall - der Rohrdurchmesser aufgebogen, so dass sich der Umfang vergrößert und ggf. an einer Stelle des Rohrumfanges ein Längsspalt entsteht bzw. sich vergrößert.In the second stage, ideally starting from the fiber saturation content of moisture, it is dried down to 7% to 10% final moisture. In this second drying phase of the bamboo is preferably the bound in the outer water from water, which is why these outer layers want to contract, but this is not possible due to the differently behaving inner tube areas. As a result - similar to a bimetal - the pipe diameter is bent, so that the circumference increases and possibly at one point of the pipe circumference, a longitudinal gap is formed or increases.

2.a, Trocknungskammer2.a, drying chamber

Während der Kammertrocknung beträgt die Lufttemperatur zwischen 30° und 60° C und die relative Luftfeuchte 75% bis 33%, wobei die Ausgangsfeuchtigkeit des Bambus in dieser zweiten Phase nicht mehr als 24% betragen darf.During chamber drying, the air temperature is between 30 ° and 60 ° C and the relative humidity is 75% to 33%, whereby the initial moisture of the bamboo in this second phase may not exceed 24%.

Weiterhin wird während der Kammertrocknung regelmäßig mit einem Feuchtemessgerät die Trocknung überprüft, was während der zweiten Trocknungsphase alle 2 Stunden, bei der vorherigen ersten Phase im Freien alle 2 Tage geschieht.Furthermore, drying is regularly checked during chamber drying with a moisture meter, which happens every 2 hours during the second drying phase, and every 2 days in the previous first phase outdoors.

Die Trocknung in der Trocknungskammer wird mit kühler Luft und hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit begonnen, wobei im Verlauf des Trocknungsvorganges die Temperatur erhöht und die Luftfeuchtigkeit im Trocknungsofen erniedrigt wird. Vorzugsweise wird in mehreren Kammerphasen getrocknet. Typisch für 3m lange Bambusrohre mit der üblichen 5-jährigen Wuchsdauer, entnommen aus dem mittleren Stammbereich und mit chemischer Vorbehandlung sind folgende Werte:

  1. 1. Stufe = 30° Celsius/ 75% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit
  2. 2. Stufe = 38° Celsius/ 60% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit
  3. 3. Stufe = 49° Celsius/ 45% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit
  4. 4. Stufe = 60° Celsius/ 35% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit.
The drying in the drying chamber is started with cool air and high humidity, during the drying process the Temperature increases and the humidity in the drying oven is lowered. Preferably, it is dried in several chamber phases. Typical for 3m long bamboo tubes with the usual 5-year growth period, taken from the middle stem area and with chemical pretreatment are the following values:
  1. 1st stage = 30 ° Celsius / 75% relative humidity
  2. 2nd stage = 38 ° Celsius / 60% relative humidity
  3. 3rd stage = 49 ° Celsius / 45% relative humidity
  4. 4th stage = 60 ° Celsius / 35% relative humidity.

Dabei wird vorzugsweise während der 1. Phase die Außenseite, vor allem im Knotenbereich, des Bambusrohres regelmäßig mit Wasser bespritzt, um speziell dort Rissbildung zu verhindern. Die Gesamtzeit der Kammertrocknung (z. B. der oben dargestellten 1.- 4. Phase) beträgt dabei 3-7 Tage, wobei sich die Gesamtzeit sowie die Einzelzeiten der einzelnen Phasen je nach Wandstärke des zu trocknenden Rohres etwa wie folgt unterscheiden: Wandstärke 1. Phase(x) 2. Phase(x) 3. Phase(x) 4. Phase(x) 10 mm 20 22 24 22 12 mm 20 22 33 27 14 mm 20 22 43 31 16 mm 22 26 49 35 18 mm 22 26 55 42 20 mm 22 26 62 50 (x) = Verweildauer in Stunden In this case, preferably during the first phase, the outside, especially in the node area, the bamboo tube regularly sprayed with water to prevent cracking there especially. The total time of the chamber drying (eg, the 1st to 4th phase shown above) is 3-7 days, with the total time and the individual times of the individual phases depending on the wall thickness of the pipe to be dried approximately as follows: Wall thickness 1st phase (x) 2nd phase (x) 3rd phase (x) 4th phase (x) 10 mm 20 22 24 22 12 mm 20 22 33 27 14 mm 20 22 43 31 16 mm 22 26 49 35 18 mm 22 26 55 42 20 mm 22 26 62 50 (x) = length of stay in hours

Klimaraum:Air space:

Nach etwa 3- bis 7-tätiger Verweildauer in der Trocknungskammer wird eine Konditionierung an die Klimaverhältnisse des Exportlandes durchgeführt, also eine Akklimatisierung bei etwa 40 bis 50° Luftfeuchtigkeit und 20 bis 25°C Temperatur für europäische Länder.After about 3 to 7 days of residence in the drying chamber conditioning to the climatic conditions of the exporting country is carried out, ie an acclimation at about 40 to 50 ° humidity and 20 to 25 ° C temperature for European countries.

Die Verweildauer in dem Klimaraum beträgt 2 bis 4 Tage, wobei gegenüber der letzten Phase in der Trocknungskammer wiederum eine Durchmesserverringerung des Bambusrohres um 5 bis 12% stattfindet, aufgrund der höheren relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit im Klimaraum gegenüber der letzten Phase in der Trocknungskammer. Dies wird gezielt eingesetzt, da sich herausgestellt hat, dass dieses Untertrocknen in der Trocknungskammer die spätere Rissfestigkeit des verarbeiteten Bambusrohres erhöht, da sie später eine niedrigere Schwellneigung aufweisen. Dies könnte mit dem nachhaltigen Kollabieren einzelner Kapillare zusammenhängen.The residence time in the climatic chamber is 2 to 4 days, wherein compared to the last phase in the drying chamber again a reduction in diameter of the bamboo tube takes place by 5 to 12%, due to the higher relative humidity in the climatic chamber compared to the last phase in the drying chamber. This is used deliberately, as it has been found that this under-drying in the drying chamber increases the subsequent crack resistance of the processed bamboo cane, since they later have a lower swell. This could be related to the sustainable collapse of individual capillaries.

Die mechanische Bearbeitung geschieht ergänzend wie folgt:The mechanical processing is done in addition as follows:

Beim Trocknen ganzer Bambusrohre treten Spannungen in Umfangsrichtung des Rohres auf, die dazu führen können, dass das Rohr am Umfang aufreißt.When drying whole bamboo tubes, stresses occur in the circumferential direction of the tube, which can cause the tube to rupture on the circumference.

Durch das Auftrennen des Bambusrohres in Längsrichtung über die gesamte Länge können solche Spannungen abgebaut werden, indem sich der Rohrquerschnitt dann entsprechend den vorhandenen Spannungen in Umfangsrichtung verformen kann, also der nach dem Auftrennen C-förmige Querschnitt sich aufweitet oder in einigen wenigen Fällen auch zusammenzieht unter Überlappung der freien Enden des Umfanges.By separating the bamboo tube in the longitudinal direction over the entire length such stresses can be reduced by the tube cross-section can then deform according to the existing stresses in the circumferential direction, so after the separation C-shaped cross-section widens or contracts in a few cases, too Overlapping the free ends of the circumference.

Durch das anschließende optische Verschließen ist der Spalt zumindest als solcher nicht mehr sichtbar, oder tatsächlich nicht mehr vorhanden, wenn anstelle eines nur optischen Verschlusses ein tatsächliches, mechanisches Verschließen erfolgt. Dabei werden die Querwände des Bambusrohres bereits vor dem Heruntertrocknen des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes der Bambusrohre, bei dem sich ja die Spannungen aufbauen, geöffnet, also durchstoßen oder durchbohrt, vorzugsweise jedoch noch nicht vollständig entfernt, sondern eine Öffnung nur im Zentrum der Querwand eingebracht, die eine Größe von zwanzig bis dreißig Prozent der Außendurchmessers des Bambusrohres besitzt.As a result of the subsequent optical closing, the gap is at least as such no longer visible, or actually no longer present, if an actual, mechanical closing takes place instead of only an optical shutter. In this case, the transverse walls of the bamboo cane before the drying down of the moisture content of the bamboo tubes, in which yes build up the tensions open, so pierced or pierced, but preferably not completely removed, but introduced an opening only in the center of the transverse wall, which is one size from twenty to thirty percent of the outer diameter of the bamboo cane possesses.

Eine Methode besteht darin, den Längsspalt optisch nicht aufscheinen zu lassen, indem man durch den Längsspalt bei normaler, radialer Betrachtung des Rohres nicht ins innere des Rohres sehen kann. Dies wird erreicht, indem der Längsspalt durch einen Schnitt erzeugt wird, der nicht radial, sondern so stark schräg zur radialen Richtung geführt wird, nämlich um mindestens dreißig Grad schräg gestellt hierzu, dass bei radialer Betrachtung zur ein Teil der einen Schnittfläche des Spaltes gesehen wird, jedoch nicht ins Innere des Rohres hineingesehen werden kann.One method is to make the longitudinal gap optically not appear, because you can not see through the longitudinal gap in normal, radial view of the tube into the interior of the tube. This is achieved by the longitudinal gap is produced by a section which is not radially, but so much obliquely guided to the radial direction, namely inclined by at least thirty degrees thereto, that when viewed radially to a part of the one sectional surface of the gap is seen but can not be seen inside the tube.

Ein weiteres Verfahren besteht darin, dass das Auftrennen des Bambusrohres in Längsrichtung an mindestens zwei voneinander getrennten Stellen des Umfanges erfolgt und dadurch das Bambusrohr in mindestens zwei separate Segmente, beispielsweise zwei Halbschalen, aufgetrennt wird.Another method is that the separation of the bamboo tube in the longitudinal direction takes place at least two separate locations of the circumference and thereby the bamboo tube in at least two separate segments, for example, two half-shells, is separated.

Aufgrund der im Material vorhandenen Restspannungen werden sich beide Segmente, z. B. beide Halbschalen, hinsichtlich ihrer Querschnittskontur etwas verändern, in der Regel aufgehen, also ihren Krümmungsradius etwas vergrößern.Due to the residual stresses in the material both segments, z. B. both shells, with respect to their cross-sectional contour change something, as a rule, so increase their radius of curvature something.

Anschließend werden - nach einer Wartezeit abhängig vom Zustand des Bambus von einigen Stunden bis zu einigen Tage - die Segmente bzw. Halbschalen des selben Rohres wieder zusammengefügt, insbesondere mittels verkleben, ggf. auch mittels zusätzlicher mechanischer Befestigungen wie Dübeln, Nageln, Schrauben.Then - after a waiting time depending on the state of the bamboo from a few hours to a few days - the segments or half-shells of the same tube again joined together, in particular by means of gluing, possibly also by means of additional mechanical fasteners such as dowels, nails, screws.

Der Vorteil liegt darin, dass aufgrund der Aufteilung in mindestens zwei verschiedene Segmente ein besseres Lösen der Spannungen in den einzelnen Segmenten möglich ist, als bei einem nur an einer Stelle aufgetrennten, ansonsten ganzen Rohr, und damit die danach verbleibenden Restspannungen entsprechend geringer sind.The advantage is that due to the division into at least two different segments a better release of the stresses in the individual segments is possible, as in a separated only at one point, otherwise whole tube, and thus the remaining residual stresses are correspondingly lower.

Dementsprechend ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass ein solchermaßen in Segmente aufgetrenntes, und nach dem Entspannen der Segmente zusammengefügtes Rohr in der Zukunft sehr viel seltener erneut so starke Spannungen bekommt, dass es reißen wird.Accordingly, the likelihood that such a pipe segmented into segments and joined together after the segments have been relaxed will become much less likely to cause such high tensions in the future that it will break.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass durch das Auftrennen in mehrere Segmente Arbeiten an den Innenflächen dieser Segmente leicht durchgeführt werden können, beispielsweise das Entfernen der Querwände oder deren noch vorhandener Reste sehr leicht vollständig geschehen kann und auch eine Schichtabtragung des Bambus von der Innenseite her, also der innersten Schichten, auf einfache Art und Weise erfolgen kann.Another advantage is that by separating into several segments work on the inner surfaces of these segments can be easily performed, for example, the removal of the transverse walls or their remaining remains can be done very easily completely and also a Schichtabtragung the bamboo from the inside, So the innermost layers, can be done in a simple manner.

Letzteres verringert erfahrungsgemäß die spätere Rissneigung ebenso wie das vollständige Entfernen der Querwände und ergibt darüber hinaus eine Gewichtsreduzierung ohne nennenswerten Stabilitätsverlust.The latter, according to experience, reduces the later tendency to crack as well as the complete removal of the transverse walls and moreover results in a weight reduction without a significant loss of stability.

Zusätzlich können auch der feine innen liegende Bambusstaub und allfälliger Schimmel leicht entfernt werden.In addition, the fine inside bamboo dust and any mold can be easily removed.

Hinsichtlich der Querwände wird vorzugsweise so verfahren, dass vor dem Trocknen die Querwände nur geöffnet werden, also im Zentrum ein Loch mit einem Fünftel bis einem Viertel des Außendurchmessers des Rohres in den Querwänden eingebracht wird, und der Rest der Querwände erst nach dem Aufspalten des Rohres in Segmente entfernt wird.With regard to the transverse walls is preferably moved so that the transverse walls are only opened before drying, so in the center of a hole is introduced with a fifth to a quarter of the outer diameter of the tube in the transverse walls, and the rest of the transverse walls only after the splitting of the tube is removed in segments.

Nachteil dieser Methode ist, dass sich die Segmente, insbesondere die zwei Halbschalen, beim Entspannen unter Umständen unterschiedlich stark verformen, und danach nicht mehr fugenlos zusammenpassen, beispielsweise weil ihre freien Kanten einen unterschiedlichen Abstand zueinander einnehmen. Zumindest jedoch verringert sich der Biegeradius der einzelnen Segmente, so dass gegeneinander gelegten Schnittflächen eine nach außen keilförmig aufklaffende Fuge ergeben würden, die man zwar durch Klebstoff verschließen kann, die dann aber optisch sichtbar sind.Disadvantage of this method is that the segments, in particular the two half-shells, deform under different circumstances under different circumstances, and then no longer match seamlessly, for example, because their free edges occupy a different distance from each other. At least, however, reduces the bending radius of the individual segments, so that juxtaposed cut surfaces wedge-shaped upwardly widening Fugue would result, which can be closed by adhesive, but then visually visible.

Um dies zu vermeiden, werden die Schnittflächen bzw. Spaltflächen der einzelnen Segmente vor dem Verbinden, insbesondere Verkleben, mechanisch so vorbehandelt, dass anschließend keine nach außen sich öffnende Keilfuge, sondern ein planes Aneinanderliegen der bearbeiteten Schnittflächen bzw. Spaltflächen oder gar eine sich nach innen öffnende Keilfuge entsteht, die Außenkanten der Schnittflächen jedoch dicht aneinander liegen. Auch dort abstehende Fasern des Bambus werden beim Zusammenkleben entweder in dort verfügbare feinste Hohlräume eingepresst oder im Nutinnenraum verklebt.To avoid this, the cut surfaces or gap surfaces of the individual segments before joining, in particular bonding, mechanically pretreated so that then no outwardly opening wedge joint, but a flat abutment of the machined cut surfaces or cleavage surfaces or even inward opening wedge gap is formed, the outer edges of the cut surfaces but close together. Also protruding there fibers of bamboo are either pressed in there gluing available in very fine cavities or glued in the groove interior.

Das Auftrennen des Bambusrohres in Segmente erfolgt dabei nicht mittels einer Säge, sondern mittels eines Spaltwerkzeuges, als eines Messers, so dass kein Material zerspant wird. Dies hat unter anderem den Vorteil, dass das Aufspalten dem Faserverlauf des Bambus folgt, also Fasern nicht unterbrochen werden, auch wenn der entstehende Spalt dadurch nicht unbedingt geradlinig entlang einer Mantellinie des tubusförmigen Rohres verläuft, sondern unter Umständen schräg hierzu. Da auch die Außenflächen der Bambusrohre an der Fügestelle nach dem Zusammenfügen unter Umständen nicht mehr miteinender fluchten, wird eine Egalisierung der Fügestellen am Außenumfang vorgenommen, so dass an der Fügestelle kein Absatz verbleibt. Dabei kann insbesondere auch ein Materialabtrag über den gesamten Außenumfang erfolgen, also die Abtragung einer durchgehenden Schicht um den ganzen Außenumfang herum.The separation of the bamboo tube into segments does not take place by means of a saw, but by means of a splitting tool, as a knife, so that no material is machined. This has, inter alia, the advantage that the splitting follows the fiber path of the bamboo, so that fibers are not interrupted, even if the resulting gap thereby does not necessarily run rectilinearly along a surface line of the tubular tube, but possibly at an angle thereto. Since the outer surfaces of the bamboo tubes at the joint after assembly may no longer be aligned miteinender, a leveling of the joints is made on the outer circumference, so that no paragraph remains at the joint. In this case, in particular, a material removal over the entire outer circumference can take place, ie the removal of a continuous layer around the entire outer circumference.

c) Ausführungsbeispielec) embodiments

Ausführungsformen gemäß der Erfindung sind im Folgenden beispielhaft näher beschrieben, wobei Fig. 1 bis 3 nicht gemäß der Erfindung sind. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
einen aufgeschnittenen Bambusquerschnitt vor der Trocknung,
Fig. 2:
einen Bambusquerschnitt nach der Trocknung,
Fig. 3:
ein weiteres Detail im Querschnitt,
Fig. 4:
den Ablauf bei der Segmentzerlegung gemäß der Erfindung, und
Fig. 5:
eine mehrfache Segmentzerlegung gemäß der Erfindung.
Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example, wherein Fig. 1 to 3 not according to the invention. Show it:
Fig. 1:
a cut bamboo cross-section before drying,
Fig. 2:
a bamboo cross-section after drying,
3:
another detail in cross-section,
4:
the sequence in the segment decomposition according to the invention, and
Fig. 5:
a multiple segment decomposition according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Bambusrohr 1 im Querschnitt, bei dem die Querwand 5 weitestgehend entfernt ist und das Bambusrohr 1 entlang einer Mantellinie aufgeschnitten wurde, wodurch ein Längsspalt 2 entstand. Fig. 1 shows a bamboo tube 1 in cross section, in which the transverse wall 5 is largely removed and the bamboo tube 1 was cut along a surface line, whereby a longitudinal gap 2 was formed.

Dabei sind aufgrund des Schneidevorganges, der mit einer Kreissäge oder ähnlichem vollzogen wurde, die Seitenwände des Längsspaltes 2 parallel zueinander und im Wesentlichen radial verlaufend.In this case, due to the cutting process, which was completed with a circular saw or the like, the side walls of the longitudinal gap 2 parallel to each other and extending substantially radially.

Fig. 2 zeigt das Bambusrohr gemäß Fig. 1 nach dem Trocknungsvorgang, wodurch sich das Bambusrohr 1 längs seines Umfanges etwas zusammengezogen hat und dadurch der Längsspalt 2 deutlich breiter wurde. Dabei kann u. U. der Außendurchmesser des Bambusrohres 1 gegenüber dem Zustand vor der Trocknung sogar etwas größer werden. Fig. 2 shows the bamboo tube according to Fig. 1 after the drying process, whereby the bamboo tube 1 has contracted along its circumference and thus the longitudinal gap 2 was significantly wider. It can u. U. the outer diameter of the bamboo tube 1 compared to the state before drying even slightly larger.

Die Seitenwände 14 des Längsspaltes 2 stehen dabei nach wie vor im Wesentlichen radial zur Längsachse 15 des Bambusrohres, wodurch ein umfänglich offenes Rohr entstehen würde, in das man von radial außen auch noch hineinsehen kann, was unerwünscht wäre.The side walls 14 of the longitudinal gap 2 are still standing substantially radially to the longitudinal axis 15 of the bamboo tube, whereby a circumferentially open tube would arise, in which one can still see from radially outside, which would be undesirable.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Lösung, bei der der Längsspalt 2 im Bambusrohr 1 de facto überhaupt nicht geschlossen ist, sondern nur optisch insofern nicht als Längsspalt auffällt, als durch diesen Längsspalt 2 bei normaler Betrachtung des Bambusrohres 1, nämlich radial von außen, nicht mehr ins Innere des Bambusrohres 1 hineingesehen werden kann: Fig. 3 shows a solution in which the longitudinal gap 2 in the bamboo cane 1 de facto not closed at all, but only visually so far not striking as a longitudinal gap than through this longitudinal gap 2 in normal view of the Bamboo tube 1, namely radially from the outside, no longer inside the bamboo tube 1 can be seen:

Zu diesem Zweck wird der Längsspalt 2 erzeugt durch einen schräg zur radialen Richtung 19 geführten Schnitt, so dass die dadurch entstehenden Schnittflächen 18a, 18b ebenfalls schräg zur radialen Richtung stehen.For this purpose, the longitudinal gap 2 is generated by an obliquely guided to the radial direction 19 section, so that the resulting cut surfaces 18a, 18b are also inclined to the radial direction.

Wenn dabei die Schrägstellung ausreichend stark gewählt wird, so dass in Relation zur Dicke des Bambusrohres sich die Schnittkanten 18a,b in Umfangsrichtung überlappen, ist bei radialer Betrachtung kein Durchblick ins Innere des Rohres möglich. In der Regel sind hierfür Schrägstellungen von ca. 45° zur radialen Richtung 19 ausreichend.If the inclination is chosen to be sufficiently strong, so that in relation to the thickness of the bamboo tube, the cut edges 18a, b overlap in the circumferential direction, no view into the interior of the tube is possible when viewed radially. As a rule, inclinations of approximately 45 ° to the radial direction 19 are sufficient for this purpose.

Die Figuren 4 zeigen dagegen eine Vorgehensweise, wie die Rissbildung vermieden werden kann:The FIGS. 4 on the other hand, show a way of avoiding cracking:

Dabei wird das Bambusrohr 1 wie in Fig. 4a dargestellt in Längsrichtung in mehrere, in diesem Fall zwei, Segmente 1 a,b aufgetrennt durch Schneiden mittels eines Messers entlang der Faserrichtung. Dabei muss nicht exakt die Mitte des Querschnitts getroffen werden bzw. bei einem langen Bambusrohr kann ein am einen Ende genau in der Mitte des Querschnitts angesetzter Schnitt durch Folgen des Faserverlaufes am anderen Ende zu einer ungleichmäßigen und nicht hälftigen Aufteilung führen.The bamboo tube 1 is like in Fig. 4a shown in the longitudinal direction in a plurality, in this case two, segments 1 a, b separated by cutting by means of a knife along the fiber direction. In this case, not exactly the middle of the cross section must be taken or in a long bamboo can be at one end exactly in the middle of the cross-section set section by following the fiber flow at the other end lead to an uneven and not half division.

Vorzugsweise werden vor dem Aufteilen in Segmente auch die Querwände 5 wenigstens teilweise entfernt, indem sie beispielsweise in der Mitte durchstoßen werden und dadurch zumindest etwa ein Viertel der Fläche der Querwände 5 jeweils entfernt wird. Die so hergestellten Segmente 1a,b werden anschließend getrocknet, wie in der Beschreibung beispielhaft näher erläutert und dabei, insbesondere am Ende des Trocknungsvorganges, werden auch die Reste der Querwände 5 vollständig entfernt.Preferably, prior to dividing into segments, the transverse walls 5 are also at least partially removed, for example, by piercing them in the middle, thereby removing at least about a quarter of the area of the transverse walls 5, respectively. The segments 1a, b produced in this way are subsequently dried, as explained in more detail by way of example in the description, and the residues of the transverse walls 5 are completely removed, in particular at the end of the drying process.

Bei der nachfolgenden aktiven oder auch nur passiven Trocknung durch Wartezeit von einigen Stunden bis zu mehreren Tagen biegen sich die Segmente 1 a,b in der Regel etwas auf, verändern also z. B. ihre ursprüngliche Halbkreisform zu einem Kreissegment mit weniger als 180°.In the subsequent active or even passive drying by waiting for a few hours to several days, the segments 1 a, b bend usually something on, so change z. B. their original semicircular shape to a circle segment with less than 180 °.

Zusätzlich verändern sich die z. B. zwei Segmente 1a,b ein und desselben ursprünglich gleichen Bambusrohres 1 dabei häufig auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise, so dass die beiden Segmente danach einen unterschiedlichen Durchmesser, also eine unterschiedliche Breite aufweisen.In addition, the z. B. two segments 1a, b one and the same original same bamboo tube 1 often in different ways, so that the two segments thereafter have a different diameter, that is, a different width.

Allerdings besitzen die so verformten Segmente 1a,b nunmehr sehr viel weniger innere Spannungen als das vorher gesamte Bambusrohr 1, so dass beim Zusammenfügen, beispielsweise Verkleben, der Segmente 1a,b zu einem wieder geschlossenen neuen Bambusrohr 1', wie in Fig. 4d dargestellt, die Gefahr eines danach erfolgenden erneuten Aufbrechens nur noch sehr gering ist.However, the thus deformed segments 1a, b now have much less internal stresses than the previously entire bamboo tube 1, so that when joining, for example gluing, the segments 1a, b to a closed new bamboo tube 1 ', as in Fig. 4d shown, the risk of subsequent re-breaking is only very low.

Um beim Zusammenfügen jedoch eine geschlossene Rohrform zu erzielen, sind in der Regel mehrere Maßnahmen notwendig:However, in order to achieve a closed pipe shape during assembly, several measures are generally necessary:

Zum einen müssen die nach der Trocknung nicht mehr radial verlaufenden Schnittkanten 18a,b bearbeitet werden. Von den Schnittflächen wird Material abgenommen, vorzugsweise mittels eines Messers, Hobels oder eines Schleifgerätes, wobei die Außenkante der Schnittfläche 18a,b möglichst nicht bearbeitet oder beeinträchtigt wird, sondern der Materialabtrag von dort aus keilförmig in Richtung Innenfläche des Segmentes 1a,b zunimmt, so dass die entstehenden neuen Schnittflächen 18'a und 18'b gegeneinander gelegt, wie in Fig. 4d dargestellt, sich an der Außenkante berühren und eine nach innen offene keilförmige Klebefuge 6 ergeben, die durch Kleber, beispielsweise Epoxydharz, geschlossen werden kann.On the one hand, the cut edges 18a, b, which no longer extend radially after drying, must be processed. From the cut surfaces material is removed, preferably by means of a knife, planer or a grinder, the outer edge of the cut surface 18a, b as possible not processed or impaired, but the material removal from there wedge-shaped towards the inner surface of the segment 1a, b increases, so that the resulting new cut surfaces 18'a and 18'b are placed against each other, as in Fig. 4d represented, touching on the outer edge and result in an inwardly open wedge-shaped adhesive joint 6, which can be closed by adhesive, such as epoxy resin.

Durch die unbeeinflusste Außenkante der Schnittkanten 18a,b fügen sich die beiden Segmente entsprechend dem ursprünglichen Schnitt- und Faserverlauf wieder ohne Absatz und optisch äußerst unauffällig bzw. unsichtbar zusammen.Due to the uninfluenced outer edge of the cut edges 18a, b, the two segments fit together again without heel and optically extremely inconspicuous or invisible in accordance with the original cut and fiber course.

Falls die so gegeneinander gelegten Segmente im Querschnitt wegen der Aufbiegung der Segmente einen zu stark linsenförmigen, von der Kreisform abweichenden, ergeben, kann - vorzugsweise vor dem Fixieren, beispielsweise Verkleben, der Segmente gegeneinander - der Bereich des größten Halbmessers dieser Linsen- oder Ellipsenform des Querschnittes mittels Schleifen oder Schaben abgeflacht werden, wie in Fig. 4d angedeutet.If the segments placed opposite one another in the cross section because of the bending of the segments to a too lenticular, deviating from the circular form, may - preferably before fixing, for example bonding, the segments against each other - the area of the largest radius of this lens or ellipse shape of the Cross-section be flattened by grinding or scraping, as in Fig. 4d indicated.

Ebenso kann neben der vollständigen Entfernung der inneren Querwände 5 auch eine Abtragung von Materialschichten insbesondere an der Innenhaut 12 des einzelnen Segmentes 1a,b, unter Umständen auch von der Außenhaut 13 her, erfolgen.Likewise, in addition to the complete removal of the inner transverse walls 5, a removal of material layers in particular on the inner skin 12 of the individual segment 1 a, b, under certain circumstances also from the outer skin 13 forth, take place.

Fig. 5 zeigt ein auf diese Art und Weise wiederhergestelltes Bambusrohr 1", welches aus insgesamt vier zunächst aufgeteilten Segmenten 1 a-d erstellt wurde. Fig. 5 shows a restored in this way bamboo tube 1 ", which was created from a total of four initially divided segments 1 ad.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1'1, 1 '
Bambusrohrbamboo
1a, b, c, d1a, b, c, d
Segmentsegment
22
Längsspaltlongitudinal gap
55
Querwandpartition
66
Klebefugebonded joint
1010
Längsrichtunglongitudinal direction
1212
Innenhautinner skin
1313
Außenhautshell
1414
SeitenwandSide wall
1515
Längsachselongitudinal axis
18a,b18a, b
Schnittkantecutting edge
1919
radiale Richtungradial direction

Claims (14)

  1. A method for stress relief in bamboo canes, which are too dry, wherein
    - the bamboo cane (1) is cut open in longitudinal direction (10) over the entire length at least at one circumferential location;
    - cutting the bamboo cane (1) open in longitudinal direction after drying down to the desired residual humidity is performed at least at two locations along the circumference disposed opposite one another to form at least two segments (1 a, 1 b); and
    - the longitudinal gap created is closed at least optically by joining the segments (1 a, 1 b) again to form a circumferentially closed bamboo cane (1'),
    wherein
    - cutting the cane (1) open is performed along the fiber direction of the bamboo cane (1);
    - before joining the segments (1 a, 1 b), material is removed at the surfaces to be glued at slant angle relative to the cutting surface created through cutting open, by removing material from the surface to be glued, which material is removed at an increasing extent towards the inner surface of the cane (1); and
    - the joints are leveled at least on the outside, in particular flattened.
  2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the cane, which is cut into segments (1a, 1b), in particular into two half shells, the transversal walls (5) are completely removed, and either grooves (17) extending in longitudinal direction (10) are fabricated on the insides of the cane walls, or material is removed in a planar manner in order to reduce the wall thickness.
  3. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein material is removed over the entire outer circumference.
  4. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
    - the bamboo canes are dried in a first drying step to the fiber saturation limit, while standing vertically in the open for several weeks;
    - the bamboo canes are dried in a second drying step;
    - initially, in a drying chamber for several days at a temperature increasing up to 60° C, and down to 35% relative air humidity, and are dried at continuously reduced air humidity below the humidity value, which would be established as an equilibrium in the bamboo cane at the subsequent setup location; and
    - aeration at the temperature and humidity of the setup location is subsequently performed for several days.
  5. A method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein finishing the bamboo canes by closing the longitudinal slots and processing the bamboo canes into a finished product is performed during the aeration phase, and the bamboo canes are aerated in the aeration phase for at least 12 hours per day.
  6. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal slot (2) is created through a cut with a tool disposed at a slant angle to the radial direction, in particular through a cut inclined at a slant angle of at least 30° thereto, and/or inclined at a slant angle, so that looking through the bamboo cane in a radial direction is prevented.
  7. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein cutting the bamboo cane (1) into two segments (1a, 1b), in particular two half shells of approximately the same size, is performed in particular through splitting by means of a knife, which extends over the entire cane cross section.
  8. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein joining the segments (1a, 1b) is performed after a hold period, in particular after a hold period of at least five hours, better at least eight hours, in particular at least twenty-four hours, in particular at least three days, after cutting.
  9. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein during drying to residual humidity, all transversal walls (5) are punctured before cutting the bamboo cane (1), but the transversal walls are only partially removed, in particular only a center opening in the center of the transversal wall with 1/4 to 1/5 of the exterior diameter of the cane (1) is fabricated.
  10. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein epoxy resin is used as glue.
  11. A circumferentially closed bamboo cane, wherein
    - the bamboo cane is comprised of at least two segments (1 a, 1 b), jointly forming the closed circumference of the original bamboo cane (1); and
    - the segments (1a, 1b) extend in longitudinal direction (10) of the bamboo cane (1);
    wherein
    - the gaps between the segments are expanded in V-shape from the outside towards the inside;
    - the segments (1 a, 1 b) are glued together along the fiber direction of the bamboo cane (1); and
    - at least the joints are leveled on the outside, in particular flattened.
  12. A bamboo cane according to claim 11, wherein the segments are two half shells.
  13. A bamboo cane according to one of the claims 11 through 12, wherein the transversal walls are completely removed.
  14. A bamboo cane according to one of the claims 11 through 13, wherein longitudinally extending grooves (17) and/or material removal for reducing the wall thickness is provided on the insides of the segments.
EP07115447A 2006-08-31 2007-08-31 Split lining for bamboo canes Not-in-force EP1894691B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006040755A DE102006040755B4 (en) 2006-08-31 2006-08-31 Process for removing stress from dried bamboo canes and circumferentially closed bamboo cane

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1894691A1 EP1894691A1 (en) 2008-03-05
EP1894691B1 true EP1894691B1 (en) 2009-10-14

Family

ID=38519629

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07115447A Not-in-force EP1894691B1 (en) 2006-08-31 2007-08-31 Split lining for bamboo canes

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EP (1) EP1894691B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE445487T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102006040755B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2335049T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102001118B (en) * 2010-09-25 2013-08-07 朱文华 Device and method for manufacturing disposable wooden tableware and liner
DE102013000458A1 (en) * 2013-01-12 2014-07-17 Stegga GbR (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Dominikus Brückner, 83093 Bad Endorf) Method for avoiding injuries on fractures of bamboo pipes, involves applying tough sheath over outer skin of stick, where predetermined breaking point is radially formed on rod in chemical, thermal or mechanical manner

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1713683A (en) * 1927-11-28 1929-05-21 Wensel Theodor Method of treating long-grained fibrous materials
JPH06179204A (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-06-28 Mitsumasa Mori Method for preventing crack of bamboo pole under dried conditions
DE4300557C2 (en) * 1993-01-12 1995-11-30 Alexander Schmidmeier Process for the production of crack-free, dried bamboo tubes
DE4300555C2 (en) * 1993-01-12 1995-09-14 Alexander Schmidmeier Process for the production of dried, crack-free bamboo tubes with a closed cross-section

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE445487T1 (en) 2009-10-15
DE102006040755B4 (en) 2010-09-02
EP1894691A1 (en) 2008-03-05
DE502007001716D1 (en) 2009-11-26
ES2335049T3 (en) 2010-03-18
DE102006040755A1 (en) 2008-03-20

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