Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
  • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
  • B32B17/10513—Electrochromic layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
  • G02F1/153—Constructional details
  • G02F1/155—Electrodes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
  • G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an electrochemical device, and / or electrically controllable type glazing and optical properties and / or variable energy, or a photovoltaic device, or a light emitting device.
• glazing may be the control of solar input through glazing mounted outdoors in buildings or vehicles of the car, train or plane type.
• the goal is to be able to limit excessive heating inside the interiors / premises, but only in case of strong sunshine.
• it may be the generation of light through the glazing to control the level of brightness or color generated.
• electrochromic systems To modulate the light transmission and / or the thermal transmission of the glazings, there are also so-called electrochromic systems. These, in known manner, generally comprise two layers of electrochromic material separated by an electrolyte layer and framed by two electroconductive layers. Each of the layers of electrochromic material can reversibly insert cations and electrons, the modification of their degree of oxidation following these insertions / phasesinsertions leading to a change in its optical and / or thermal properties. We can notably modulate their absorption and / or their reflection in the wavelengths of the visible and / or infra-red. It is customary to arrange the electrochromic systems in three categories:
• the electrolyte in the form of a polymer or a gel; for example a proton-conductive polymer such as those described in patents EP-253 713 or EP-670 346, or a conductive polymer of lithium ions such as those described in patents EP-382 623, EP-518 754 and 532,408; the other layers of the system are generally of a mineral nature,
• optical valves There are also systems called “optical valves". They are films comprising a generally crosslinked polymer matrix in which are dispersed micro-droplets containing particles which are capable of being placed in a preferred direction under the action of a magnetic or electric field. It is thus known from WO.93 / 09460 an optical valve comprising a polyorganosilane matrix and polyiodide particles that intercept much less light when the film is turned on.
• liquid crystal systems a mode of operation similar to the previous ones. They are based on the use of a film placed between two conducting layers and based on a polymer in which liquid crystal droplets, in particular nematic with positive dielectric anisotropy, are arranged.
• the liquid crystals when the film is energized, are oriented along a preferred axis, which allows vision. When the crystals are not aligned, the film becomes diffused and prevents vision. Examples of such films are described in particular in European patents EP-0 238 164, and US-4,435,047, US-4,806,922, US-4,732,456. This type of film, once laminated and incorporated between two glass substrates, is marketed by Saint-Gobain Vitrage under the trade name "Priva-Lite".
• NCAP Nematic Curvilinearly Aligned Phases
• PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
• electroluminescent systems comprise a material or a stack of electroluminescent, organic or inorganic materials powered by electricity. electrodes. All these systems combined have in common the need to be equipped with current leads supplying electrodes generally in the form of two electroconductive layers on either side of the layer or the various active layers (s) of the system.
• electroconductive layers (which may in fact be a superposition of layers) commonly comprise a layer based on indium oxide, generally tin-doped indium oxide better known under the abbreviation ITO. It may also be layers based on doped tin oxide, for example antimony, or based on doped zinc oxide, for example aluminum (or a mixture based on at least two of these oxides).
• WO93 / 05438 discloses an electroconductive layer consisting of a thin metal layer, in particular based on silver, copper or aluminum, which is associated with a layer based on a metal blocker, for example the iron, zirconium, titanium, tungsten.
• This TCO type: English abbreviation for "Conductive Transparent Oxide” is intended to be integrated into an electrochemical device of the electrochromic type in which the metal blocking layer constitutes a barrier to the diffusion of Li + ions between one of the active layers. and the metal layer.
• WO94 / 15247 also discloses an electroconductive layer of structure similar to that previously described, which is completed by a layer based on a transparent conductive oxide such as zinc oxide, or indium oxide. doped with tin.
• Document US5510173 and US5763063 also disclose an energy control stack structure incorporating a layer of silver or copper advantageously alloyed with a noble metal, for which protection against corrosion is obtained by means of coating of a bilayer based on In2 ⁇ 3 and diTO or ZnO2 / In2 ⁇ 3 and ITO. In the case of the use of ZnO 2, the application as an electrode is impossible because of the insulating nature of this oxide.
• US Pat. No. 6,870,656 discloses a reflective electrode structure incorporating an electrochemically stable silver and gold alloy layer.
• ITO layers have been particularly studied. They can be easily deposited by magnetic field assisted sputtering, either from an oxide target (non-reactive sputtering), or from an indium and tin-based target (reactive sputtering in the presence of an oxidizing agent of the oxygen type).
• oxide target non-reactive sputtering
• indium and tin-based target reactive sputtering in the presence of an oxidizing agent of the oxygen type
• the aim of the invention is to obtain an assembly of electroconductive electroconductive layers to form the electrodes of the electrochemical / electrocontrollable systems of the type previously described (electrochromic, photovoltaic, electroluminescent ).
• the subject of the invention is an electrochemical / electrically controllable device, with variable optical and / or energy properties, comprising at least one carrier substrate provided with an electroactive layer or a stack of electroactive layers arranged between an electrode called " lower "and an electrode called” upper ".
• one at least one of the lower or upper electrodes comprises at least four layers including at least one functional metallic layer with intrinsic properties of electrical conductivity, said functional layer being associated with an electrochemical barrier layer of electroconductive material that is transparent in the visible, said electrochemical barrier layer being associated a protective layer against moisture electroconductive material transparent in the visible and said functional layer being associated with a first sub-layer of transparent electroconductive material in the visible.
• this particular stacking structure it is possible to obtain, at lower cost, a transparent electrode having an electrochemical resistance compatible with the electrically controllable systems while having properties of high electrical conductivity, and without the use of a heat treatment in recovery.
• the electrochemical systems have similar characteristics in terms of speed and color homogeneity to those using conventional electrodes of the prior art (mainly based on optionally doped indium oxide).
• the electrode thus obtained is both electroconductive in its thickness and along its surface.
• the first sub-layer is identical in nature to the electrochemical barrier layer;
• the electrochemical barrier layer is based on zinc oxide or a mixed zinc oxide doped with another metal chosen from the family of the following metals: Al, Ga, B, Sc the zinc oxide is of the ZnOx type with x less than 1, preferably between 0.88 and 0.98, especially from 0.90 to 0.95.
• the functional layer is based on a pure material chosen from silver, or Cu or Zn or Al or Au, or based on an alloy of this material containing in particular Al, Pt, Cu, Zn, Cd, In, Bo, Si,
• Zr, Mo, Ni, Li, Cr, Ga, Ge, Mg, Mn, Co, SnIa moisture barrier layer is based on doped indium oxide, in particular with tin, or oxide of tin doped, especially with antimony - the first under layer is associated with a second sub-layer similar to the moisture barrier layer,
• the term “lower” electrode means the electrode which is closest to the carrier substrate taken as reference, on which at least part of the active layers (for example all the active layers in a electrochromic system “all solid") is deposited.
• the "upper” electrode is the one deposited on the other side, with respect to the same reference substrate.
• the upper and / or lower electrode according to the invention has an electrical resistivity of between 10 ⁇ 10 4 and 9 ⁇ 10 5 ohm.cm, which makes its use as an electrode perfectly satisfactory.
• the electrode in particular to reach this resistivity level, it has a total thickness of between 160 and 320 nm. In these thickness ranges, the electrode remains transparent, that is to say that it has a low light absorption. in the visible. However, it is not excluded to have much thicker layers (especially in the case where the electroactive electrochemical system functions in reflection rather than transmission), or thinner layers (especially when they are associated in electrode to another type of conductive layer, metal for example).
• the invention can be applied to different types of electrochemical or electrically controllable systems. It is particularly interested in electrochromic systems, especially "all solid” or “all solid on polymer” or “all polymer”, or liquid crystal systems or viologen, or electroluminescent systems.
• the electrochromic systems or glazing to which the invention can be applied are described in the aforementioned patents. They may comprise at least one carrier substrate and a stack of functional layers comprising at least successively a first electroconductive layer, an electrochemically active layer capable of reversibly inserting ions such as H + , Li + , OH "of the electrochromic anodic material type or respectively cathodic, an electrolyte layer, a second electrochemically active layer capable of reversibly inserting ions such as H + , Li + , OH "of the cathodic or anodic electrochromic material type, and a second electroconductive layer, (the term "layer” is to be understood as a single layer or a superposition of several layers, continuous or discontinuous).
• the invention also relates to the incorporation of the electrochemical devices described in the preamble of the present application in glazings, operating in reflection (mirror) or transmission.
• glazing is to be understood in the broad sense and includes any substantially transparent material, glass and / or polymeric material (such as polycarbonate PC or polymethyl methacrylate PMMA).
• the carrier substrates and / or counter-substrates that is to say the substrates surrounding the active system, can be rigid, flexible or semi-flexible.
• the glazing works in reflection, it can be used in particular as an interior mirror or as a rearview mirror.
• the invention also relates to the various applications that can be found with these devices, glazings or mirrors: it may be a question of glazing for buildings, in particular exterior glazing, internal partitions or glazed doors). It can also be windows, roofs or internal partitions of means of transport such as trains, planes, cars, boats. It can also be display screens or display, such as projection screens, television or computer screens, touch screens. They can also be used to make glasses or camera lenses, or to protect solar panels. They can also be used as energy storage devices of the battery type, fuel cell, batteries and batteries themselves.
• FIG. 1 a schematic sectional view of an electrochromic cell using an electrode according to the invention
• FIG. 2 illustrates for various configurations of electrodes according to the invention their electrochemical protection.
• FIG. 1 is deliberately very schematic and is not necessarily scaled to facilitate reading: it shows in section a "solid" electrochromic device according to the teachings of the invention comprising successively:
• a lower electrode 2 comprising a stack of ITO / ZnO: Al / Ag / ZnO: Al / ITO layers of respective thicknesses 15 to 20 nm for 1TTO / 60 at 80 nm for ZnO: Al / 3 at 15 nm for silver / 60 to 80 nm for ZnO: A1 / 15 at 20 nm for ITTO,
• the face of the glass 8 turned towards the PU sheet 7 is provided with a stack of thin films with a solar protection function.
• This stack may in particular comprise two silver layers interposed by dielectric layers, in a known manner.
• the electrochromic system 3 comprises:
• a first layer of anodic electrochromic material EC1 of iridium oxide (hydrated) of 40 to 100 nm or of nickel oxide hydrated at 40 to 400 nm, alloyed or not with other metals (alternatively, this layer can be replaced by a layer of anodic electrochromic material made of nickel oxide from 100 to 300 nm, alloyed or not with other metals)
• cathodic EC2 electrochrome material based on WO3 tungsten oxide of 370 nm.
• the set of layers was deposited by magnetic field assisted sputtering.
• the electrochromic device described above constitutes the example
• Example 2 which is a known structure of the prior art and for which the lower and upper electrodes are based on diTO or SnO 2: F is given below.
• the upper electrode has other conductive elements: it may be more particularly to associate the electrode to a more conductive layer that it, and / or a plurality of strips or son son.
• a preferred embodiment of this type of electrode is to apply on the diTO layer (possibly topped with one or more other conductive layers) a network of son encrusted on the surface of a polymer sheet (which can then protect the active system and / or allow the lamination of the glass-type carrier-substrate with another glass in the case of electroactive glazing production, of the electrochromic type, for example).
• the most reliable validation of the TCOs consists in carrying out a durability test of the electrochromic cells by exposure at 80 ° C. in the colored state.
• the parameters representative of the deterioration of the EC glazings are the evolution of the switching time (Vcom) and the contrast (TL decored / TL ⁇ ioré)
• this substantially takes up the structure of the stack of example 1 except as regards the nature of the lower and upper electrodes 2 and 4.
• both comprise a stack of ITO / ZnO: Al / Ag / ZnO: Al / ITO layers of respective thicknesses 15 to 20 nm for IT ⁇ / 60 at 80 nm for ZnO: Al / 3 at 15 nm for silver / 60 to 80 nm for ZnO / 15 at 20 nm for 11TO.
• This configuration eliminates the wire network, the conduction of the TCO being equivalent to that of the whole ITO + son.
• TCO comprising 12 nm of Ag undergoes an oxidation cycle using a so-called 'three-electrode' assembly with a working electrode (TCO studied), a reference electrode (Electrode Saturated Calomel) and a counter electrode (glass + 500 nm ITO) immersed in a liquid electrolyte H3PO4 (orthophosphoric acid).
• TCO studied working electrode
• reference electrode Electrode Saturated Calomel
• counter electrode glass + 500 nm ITO immersed in a liquid electrolyte H3PO4 (orthophosphoric acid).
• a first family is distinguished in which the organic electroluminescent material of the thin layer consists of evaporated molecules (OLEDs), for example the AlQ complex . 3 (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum), DPVBi (4,4 '- (diphenylvinylene biphenyl)), DMQA (dimethyl quinacridone) or DCM (4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (4 dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran).
• OLEDs evaporated molecules
• HTL HTL
• ETL HoIe Transporting Layer
• HIL HoIe Injection Layer
• the organic electroluminescent material of the thin layer consists of polymers (pLEDs) such as for example PPV for poly (p ⁇ r ⁇ -phenylene vinylene), PPP (poly (p ⁇ r ⁇ -phenylene), the DO-PPP (poly (2-decyloxy-1,4-phenylene), MEH-PPV (poly [2- (2'-ethylhexyloxy) -5-methoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)]), CN-PPV (poly [2,5-bis (hexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene- (1-cyanovinylene)]) or PDAF (poly (dialkylfluorene), the polymer layer is also associated with a layer which promotes the injection of holes ( HIL) consisting for example of PEDT / PSS (poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene / poly (4-styrene sulfonate)),
• HIL hole
• the inorganic electroluminescent material of the thin layer consists of a thin layer of a phosphor for example sulfides such as for example ZnS: Mn or SrS: Ce or oxides such as Zn 2 SiO 4 : Mn, Zn 2 GeO 4 : Mn or Zn 2 Ga 2 ⁇ 4 : Mn.
• a phosphor for example sulfides such as for example ZnS: Mn or SrS: Ce or oxides such as Zn 2 SiO 4 : Mn, Zn 2 GeO 4 : Mn or Zn 2 Ga 2 ⁇ 4 : Mn.
• an insulating layer made from a dielectric material, typically for example Si3N 4 , BaTiOe or Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2
• a fourth family in which the inorganic electroluminescent material consists of a thick phosphor layer such as for example ZnS: Mn or ZnS: Cu, this layer being associated with an insulating layer of dielectric material, for example BaTiOe, these layers being generally made by screen printing.
• a thick phosphor layer such as for example ZnS: Mn or ZnS: Cu
• this layer being associated with an insulating layer of dielectric material, for example BaTiOe, these layers being generally made by screen printing.
• the stack of layers including the electroluminescent layer is associated with and other insulating layers, HTL, ETL, HIL, to two electrodes, (a cathode and an anode in the case of organic systems).
• Electrodes are similar to those already envisaged for the electrocommandable electrochromic type systems described above.
• each of the layers forming the stack of the two types of electrode is given below:
• Electrode El 15 to 20 nm for ITTO / 60 at 80 nm for ZnO: Al / 6 at 12 nm for silver / 60 to 80 nm for ZnO: A1 / 15 at 20 nm for 11TO.
• Electrode E2 15 to 20 nm for 1TTO / 60 to 80 nm for ZnO: A1 / 40 nm minimum for silver / 60 to 80 nm for ZnO: A1 / 15 at 20 nm for ITTO.
• This electrode structure according to the invention is integrated within a stack of electroluminescent type according to the following configuration: E1 / (Si3N4 (300nm) / Luminophore (500nm) / Si3N4 (300nm)) / E2
• the invention also relates to the substrate provided with at least one electrode of the type described above, independently of the electrical / electrochemical device in which it is incorporated or intended to be incorporated as well as the lower or upper electrode as such.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Nonlinear Science (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Mathematical Physics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-05-27 FR FR0551391A patent/FR2886419B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-05-22 JP JP2008512884A patent/JP2008542804A/ja active Pending
  • 2006-05-22 WO PCT/FR2006/050465 patent/WO2007000542A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-05-22 KR KR1020077027383A patent/KR20080011401A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2006-05-22 EP EP06794447A patent/EP1883856A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-05-22 RU RU2007149344/28A patent/RU2411560C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-05-22 CN CNA2006800185162A patent/CN101218536A/zh active Pending
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