EP1875420A2 - Procede et systeme permettant une evaluation dans une organisation multi-niveau - Google Patents

Procede et systeme permettant une evaluation dans une organisation multi-niveau

Info

Publication number
EP1875420A2
EP1875420A2 EP06750154A EP06750154A EP1875420A2 EP 1875420 A2 EP1875420 A2 EP 1875420A2 EP 06750154 A EP06750154 A EP 06750154A EP 06750154 A EP06750154 A EP 06750154A EP 1875420 A2 EP1875420 A2 EP 1875420A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
assessment
level
node
institution
user
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06750154A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1875420A4 (fr
Inventor
David Yaskin
Greg Ritter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Blackboard Inc
Original Assignee
Blackboard Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/363,868 external-priority patent/US8326659B2/en
Application filed by Blackboard Inc filed Critical Blackboard Inc
Publication of EP1875420A2 publication Critical patent/EP1875420A2/fr
Publication of EP1875420A4 publication Critical patent/EP1875420A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to computer software and hardware systems, and more particularly, to such a system for providing assessment of multiple levels of effectiveness.
  • BACKGROUND As part of providing quality educational opportunities, many academic institutions are interested in assessing and evaluating their performance and efforts as well as the performance of units and individuals within the institution. These institutions can include, for example, on-line institutions, K- 12 schools, colleges, universities and even multi-campus university systems.
  • One purpose of assessment involves collecting and documenting the necessary evidence needed for satisfying the requirements of regional or national accreditation bodies.
  • Another purpose is to allow the institution to make informed and objective decisions about, for example, curriculum content, course offerings, and educational effectiveness.
  • a system of hardware and software provides a systematic and systemic method for performing assessment of the effectiveness of different levels within an institution.
  • the system includes template driven definitions that span multiple tiers of hierarchically arranged operating units within the institution thereby providing flexibility and customization to handle a user-definable model of the institution's organization.
  • the system includes import/export functionality, robust institutional modeling, program initiatives, curriculum mapping techniques, customizable assignment binders, and selective dissemination of documents.
  • FIG.l illustrates a block-level diagram of an institutional environment in which an assessment system is implemented in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A depicts a flowchart of an exemplary method for using an assessment plan for a multi-tier organization using a template driven model.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates an exemplary template having hierarchically arranged forms.
  • FIG. 2C depicts an exemplary assessment process.
  • FIG. 2D depicts an exemplary model for a higher education institution within which assessments can be performed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 A depicts a screen shot of a home page from which a user may elect to perform functions within an assessment system.
  • FIGS. 3B -31 depict a series of screen shots of a user interface that allows a user to perform Goal and Planning Assessment within an assessment system in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A - 4C depict a series of screen shots of a user interface that allows a user to perform curriculum planning in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4D illustrates an exemplary curriculum map indicating the alignment between courses and objectives.
  • FIG. 5A depicts a flowchart of an exemplary method for selective deployment of instruments in an assessment management system in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5B - 5 J depict a series of screen shots of a user interface that allows a user to manage and create instruments within an assessment system in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6A depicts a screen shot of a user interface that relates to displaying user outcomes in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6B depicts a flowchart of an exemplary method for generating the contents of the screen shot of FIG. 6A.
  • FIGS. 7A - 7K depict a series of screen shots of a user interface that allows selective reporting of data and content from within an assessment system.
  • FIGS. 8 A - 8L depict a series of screen shots of a user interface of an assessment system that provides a number of auxiliary tools.
  • FIGS. 9 A - 9O depict a series of screen shots of a user interface of an online learning/academic system with which an assessment system can be integrated in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1-10 include a number of different screen shots of an exemplary user interface.
  • One of ordinary skill will appreciate that the depicted interface is provided by way of example and that the layout, options and items on each screen shot may be altered or augmented without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • assessment means a repeating or cyclic improvement process that involves measuring outcomes versus stated objectives or goals and identifying corrective action.
  • evaluation has more of a connotation of a point in time measurement of one or more outcomes versus stated objectives without necessarily having a built-in improvement step.
  • a program may have the goal of developing students' critical thinking abilities and might annually determine whether, as a program, that goal has been achieved. Therefore, one might wish to annually assess this by looking at the aggregate performance of the program's students on a senior capstone project.
  • Other terms that are used consistently herein include:
  • Mission A broad statement that describes the over-arching purpose of an organization. Mission statements typically are not measurable because of the scope that they encompass and because they are not time-constrained.
  • Goal Missions are frequently broken down further into a series of goals. Though more specific than a mission, goals are still broad statements and may not be easily measurable. Goals provide guidance on areas that should be addressed through specific, measurable objectives.
  • An objective is an expression of the intended result or consequence of some activity (e.g. instruction or some other performance). It differs from an outcome, which is the achieved result, although the two are sometimes used interchangeably.
  • the activities described by an objective should be measurable within a defined timeframe. Frequently, the term is used with a modifier to clarify the activity, e.g. a learning objective or a performance objective.
  • Standard In educational assessment, for example, a standard is a statement of what a learner should know or be able to do. A standard is more specific than a goal and should be measurable. In that sense, a standard is much closer to an objective than a goal. However, unlike an objective, a standard may not be related to a specific activity, instruction, performance, etc. or timeframe. Also, standards are frequently generated by organizations external to the academic institution (e.g. state governments, accrediting agencies) as a means to standardize measurement of performance or learning across multiple organizations.
  • An outcome is the achieved result or consequence of some activity (e.g. instruction or some other performance). It differs from an objective, which is the intended result, although the two are sometimes used interchangeably. Frequently, the term is used with a modifier to clarify the activity, e.g. a learning outcome or a performance outcome.
  • a “template” is a means of defining the structure of various data in the system and the instruments used to collect that data.
  • a template may define one or more customizable forms and the attributes that are present on each form.
  • a “form” is a customizable page within a template consisting of one or more attributes.
  • An “attribute” is a piece of data that defines an entity (such as the name of a user) which may be represented on a form as a field.
  • Certain attribute fields may be required by the system.
  • the level of customization e.g. the ability to change labels on an attribute versus the ability to add new attributes to a form
  • the level of customization may be dependent on the type of template that the form is a part of.
  • a template for collecting data about a user might consist of one form.
  • On that form are specific attributes, such as "name” "social security number” and "type.”
  • the "name” and “social security number” attributes might allow for entry of text information, while the "type” attribute might offer a selection of 'faculty,' 'staff,' or 'student.'
  • the "name” and “social security number” attributes might be required, meaning that any person completing the form must enter data for those attributes, while the "type” attribute might be optional.
  • an operating unit representing a Center for Media Students may need to store, as part of the operating unit, information about the grant that funds the Center, the grant's initiation and expiration dates, and who manages the Grant, while a Department, funded out of the university budget, may only need to store university budget codes assigned to the Department. Based on their purpose and level within the organization, different operating units will have different informational needs.
  • Templates may also consist of more than one form; this is particularly useful for the representation of a data collection process that consists of multiple steps.
  • an Assessment Project template might consist of a "properties form” to collect data about the properties of the project itself, one or more “objective forms” to collect data about each objective being measured, and four "activity forms” per objective to collect data about the different steps of assessing the performance of the objective.
  • Each form would have specific attributes defined.
  • This exemplar template is illustrated in Fig. 2B.
  • One of ordinary skill will recognize that there could be many different ways to configure a multiple-form template to represent a variety of different processes for different purposes.
  • an institution may also be a consortium of schools and/or campuses.
  • an institution is an operating unit and is, itself, made up of different operating units that may correspond to campuses, colleges, departments, sub-departments, etc.
  • the systems and methods described herein do not require any particular arrangement of operating units but, instead, allow the institution to model its organization into a hierarchy of operating units for purposes of management, planning, and reporting of assessment efforts.
  • the terms "unit”, “operating unit”, and “operational unit” are often used interchangeably herein. However, there are unique aspects of operating units related to their respective level in the organizational hierarchy that allow customization and flexibility based on these unique aspects.
  • operating units offer programs of study, or simply "programs", with different courses and sections.
  • assessment can occur, for example, at or across an institutional level, a departmental level, a program level, an individual level, a course level and at the section level.
  • Programs may also include courses offered by different operating units. For example, a particular program of study may require both an introductory Engineering course and a computer science course.
  • institutional level assessment different varieties of assessment may also be performed on different levels of operating units as well. For example, the institution may be organized according to operating units that represent department levels, college levels, etc.
  • a framework is described herein, in which a hierarchically arranged group of organizational units and activities are defined and assessed against various criteria and objectives.
  • the assessment system 102 provides a framework for performing various types of assessments of an institution such as, for example, a higher education institution.
  • a user 104 of the system 102 typically uses a web browser or similar interface to communicate with an appropriately configured front-end 106 of the system 102.
  • the front-end 106 may be a web server hosting a number of applications 108 that the user 104 may access.
  • the applications 108 are one or more software components or programs that execute on a programmable computer platform to provide functionality related to performing institution-related assessment activities.
  • Such applications 108 may include components for modeling the institution or organization, defining assessment projects, identifying users (e.g., students), defining objectives and goals, and collecting and reporting data.
  • the applications 108 may also access data storage facilities 112 and other computer systems 114.
  • the data facilities 112 may be one or more databases having assessment project data stored and arranged in a convenient and appropriate manner for easy manipulation and retrieval.
  • the other computer systems 114 may be a variety of third-party systems that contain data or resources that are useful for the assessment system 102.
  • the systems 114 may include a student information system (SIS) that maintains student demographic information as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill.
  • the systems 114 may also include an electronically maintained class, or course, schedule for the institution that includes information about the courses such as section numbers, professors, class size, department, college, the students enrolled, etc.
  • Other campus-related systems such as financial aid and the bursar's office may be included in the systems 114 of FIG. 1.
  • the back-end 110 is appropriately configured software and hardware that interface between the applications 108 and the various resources 112, 114.
  • Another resource to which the back end 110 may provide connectivity is a campus (or institutional) academic system 116.
  • An example of such a system is provided by the present Assignee under the name Academic SuiteTM with many features thereof described in U.S. Patent No. 6,998,138 entitled "Internet-Based Education Support
  • the campus academic system 116 in an academic environment, provides a platform that allows students and teachers to interact in a virtual environment based on the courses for which the student is enrolled.
  • This system may be logically separated into different components such as a learning system, a content system, a community system, and a transaction system.
  • An example of such a student is the user 118 that can access the academic system 116 via a web browser or similar interface.
  • the user 118 may also be faculty, staff or an administrative officer.
  • An example of these separate components of the system 116 are described in detail in pending patent applications "Method and System for Conducting Online Transactions (Serial No.
  • the academic system 116 provides a virtual space that the user 118 may visit to receive information and to provide information.
  • One exemplary arrangement provides the user 118 with a home page where general information may be located and that has links to access course- specific pages where course-specific information is located.
  • electronic messaging, electronic drop boxes, and executable modules may be provided within the user's virtual space on the academic system 116.
  • one of the applications 108 may be used to generate information that is to be deployed to one or more users of the academic system 116.
  • the information may be sent to the academic system 116 where it is made available to the user 118 just as any other information is made available.
  • the user may enter and submit data that is routed through the back end 110 to one of the applications 108.
  • the academic system 116 and the assessment system 102 may be more closely integrated so that the connectivity between the applications 108 and the system 116 is achieved without a network connection or special back end software 110.
  • FIG. 1 Although the front end 106, applications 108, and back end 110 of the assessment system 102 are each depicted as a single block in FIG. 1, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that each may also be implemented using a number of discrete, interconnected components. As for the communication pathways between the various blocks of FIG. 1, a variety of functionally equivalent arrangements may be utilized. For example, some pathways may be via the Internet or other wide-area network, while other pathways may be via a local-area network or even a wireless interface. Also, although only a single user 104 of the assessment system 102 is explicitly shown, multiple users are not only contemplated but are very likely within the environment of FIG. 1. The structure of FIG. 1 is logical in nature and does not necessarily reflect the physical structure of such a system.
  • the assessment system 102 may be distributed across multiple computer platforms as can the data storage 108.
  • the three components 106, 108, 110 are separate in the figure to simplify explanation of their respective operation. However, these functions may be performed by a number of different, individual components, or a more monolithically arranged component. Additionally, any of the three logical components 106, 108, 110 may directly communicate with the academic system 116 without an intermediary.
  • the users 104, 118 are depicted as separate entities in FIG. 1, they may, in fact, be the same user or a single web browser instance concurrently accessing both the assessment system 102 and the academic system 116.
  • Assessment within an institution such as a higher-education academic institution is a complex undertaking that encompasses many different levels of evaluation, data collection, and correction.
  • a university may be focused on assessing accreditation requirements and strategic planning initiatives.
  • the relevant managers may be focused on assessing program effectiveness and discipline-specific accreditation requirements.
  • the instructors may be interested in assessing course design and curriculum coverage.
  • an assessment initiative may encompass a number of different assessment projects that are related to a common theme.
  • an assessment initiative for Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) accreditation may be defined by the College of Engineering such that the ABET assessment project of each of the individual departments within the College (e.g. Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, etc.) may connect to the College-level assessment initiative to enable College-level reporting on status and outcomes.
  • a user of the present system is able to aggregate and organize data from among the different projects so that assessment and analysis can occur from both an individual project perspective as well as from the assessment initiative's cross-project perspective.
  • Exemplary assessment projects might be: a) internal to the program, such as a curriculum planning project or a program review; b) internal to the institution, such as fulfilling institutional strategic planning requirements; or c) for external review or accreditation, such as completing an institutional accreditation report or a discipline-specific accreditation report.
  • Assessment projects may be initiated at different times and will span different time frames. For example, while a project supporting the unit's responsibilities for institutional accreditation may actually take place over several years, strategic planning assessment projects may only last eight months and happen with more regularity than accreditation.
  • the user makes a selection, in step 202, via a user interface to enter a goal and planning component of the assessment system 102.
  • the user is prompted to define an assessment project.
  • the system 102 may provide the user with a default template or form that has some predefined fields and information.
  • the user may be presented with a number of different types of templates and asked to make a selection. For example, the user may be asked whether the assessment project involves a program, a department, a college, an institution, or a course. Based on the user's response, an appropriate template may be provided to the user. For example, at the course level, the user would likely not be interested in defining strategic planning goals.
  • the templates provided to the user may have their initial content dependent on what type of assessment project is being defined, hi one particular embodiment, the assessment system 102 may be initially provided with a number of predefined templates. As part of the initialization process (before assessment projects are defined) a user or other administrator may customize these templates in accordance with the institution and its programs, departments, courses, etc. The customization of templates is not a necessary step before an assessment project is begun but it advantageously provides flexible customization geared towards each respective institution and their hierarchical organization.
  • step 204 the user selects a template for the type of assessment project being generated.
  • step 206 the user collects and enters data required by the forms as defined in the selected template.
  • the collection and entering of data may include metadata about the assessment project, the specific objectives of the assessment project, and activities related to each objective.
  • step 208 the form is completed, then it can be presented to other users for review and approval in step 208.
  • a department chair may have responsibility for creating an assessment project but there may be a committee that may modify and approve the assessment project before it can be implemented.
  • user identities and user roles may be employed to restrict user activities so that certain users have more access privileges to data resources than other users. These access privileges may be relatively static or may be more dynamic in nature as various users are placed in different roles or committees. Certain users may be allowed no access to an assessment project, read-only access to the project, edit-access to the assessment project, or create-access to the assessment project. Additionally, within an assessment project, the individual components of the project may have controlled access based on user roles as well. Furthermore, an assessment project manager role may be employed, and assigned to a user, to help with administering and managing the project and its implementation.
  • FIG. 2B depicts an exemplary template structure that may be used to implement the default templates that are presented to the user.
  • templates are used to define the set of forms that are employed to collect the information that makes up the assessment project.
  • An assessment project template 250 may include one or more of several types of forms: a) a main form 252 is used to collect information about the project itself.
  • An objective form 254 is used to collect information about the objectives of the assessment project.
  • An assessment project typically has one or more objectives, so at least one objective form is present. Many assessment projects have multiple objectives, however.
  • Objective forms can have one or more activity forms 256 - 262 associated with them in the template 250. These activity forms 256 - 262 collect information about various activities related to conducting the assessment of the objective.
  • Each activity form may have a different set of fields on it. Addition of an objective (e.g. addition of an objective form 254) to a template 250, also generates the associated activity forms 256 - 262.
  • the template 250 of FIG. 2B may be fully customizable and definable by a user.
  • an institution may enforce requirements that all assessment projects include certain base information. Such a requirement may be helpful, for example, in ensuring that institution-wide reporting can be performed at least on the base set of assessment project attributes.
  • the template 250 of FIG. 2B includes:
  • Summary Statement This provides an area to enter a general description or summary of the whole assessment project. This summary can also be used as part of a report generated for the assessment project. For example, the summary statement could include an overview of the project, names and titles of the university faculty and staff involved, and a summary of the findings. This might appear as the first page of a report.
  • a user initiating an assessment project can specify start and end dates for the assessment project.
  • the default start date would be the project's date of creation.
  • the default end date would not be set (i.e. no end date) as some assessment projects could be continuous and ongoing.
  • Phase Summaries For each phase that is defined for the assessment project by the template, the user (or manager) is able to enter summary information for that phase.
  • the assessment process is cyclical, so frequently the same (or similar) assessment project may be run on a regular basis. For example, a departmental program review may occur every year, or the department's discipline-specific accreditation may need to be re-confirmed every three years. It is therefore useful to track if an assessment project is a re-occurrence of some previous assessment project.
  • Workflow status can be used to control the state of the template and to determine what action or activity is next in the process flow.
  • the flowchart of FIG. 2C provides one example of one way to define a process of initiating the assessment process that is also further described later with reference to FIGS. 3A -31. More particularly, the flowchart depicts a specific sequence of events that do not necessarily have to occur in that order. For example, the step of modeling (step 270) does not necessarily have to occur before an assessment project (step 272). Thus, the steps of the flowchart may occur in an order other than depicted in FIG. 2C. There are events that may advantageously be performed in a particular order for logical reasons. For example, aligning course content (step 280) will usually be performed after defining unit objectives (step 274). Additionally, one or more steps of the flowchart of FIG. 2C may be added or omitted without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2D is a sample of only a part of a model that may apply to an institution such as , for example, a university with multiple campuses.
  • the model captures details about various hierarchically arranged operating units 290-293, as well as programs 296, courses 294, and sections 295.
  • Other equivalent terminology that may also be used herein to describe the organization of the institution may specify "nodes" within different "organizational levels" of the institution.
  • the institution itself may be a node at the organizational level of "institution”.
  • the organizational level of "campus” there may be multiple nodes with each node representing a different campus (e.g., Campus 1 291 of FIG. 2D).
  • FIG. 2D may include many different types of operating units and entities within the institution such as, for example, colleges, departments, programs, colleges, sections, courses, etc. all of which can be considered a node.
  • the model of FIG. 2D is provided merely by way of example to show the flexibility and customization provided by the present assessment system.
  • the modeling of the institution may be approached in a variety of ways.
  • an academic institution may be comprised of a number of hierarchically arranged organizational levels.
  • the institution may have a number of different colleges that each have different departments that offer various courses having individual sections.
  • programs of study such as , for example, different degree programs (B. S., M.S., PhD) or concentrations of study.
  • the institution may be organized in a variety of different ways and that implementations of the present invention are able to model those various structures as different operating units that are used within an assessment project or initiative. Because of the hierarchical nature of the model, operating units may have lower-level operating units that are sometimes referred to herein as sub-operating units or lower-level operating units. The actual mechanics of modeling the institution may be accomplished in a variety of ways without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, as part of the initial set-up of the assessment system described herein, an administrator may manually define the hierarchical arrangement of the institution in a manual step-by-step process. Alternatively, the model definition may take place such that a list of the organizational levels is processed as a batch to create the model.
  • Still yet another alternative may involve integration with the campus academic system 116 (or other existing system) through an automated process to define the model.
  • the common attributes for each node within an organizational level may be captured in the form of a editable template.
  • a user can select the appropriate template and then modify it in accordance with the particular characteristics of that node.
  • initiation of an assessment project may begin by modeling the hierarchical structure of the institution. Once this is accomplished, definition of an assessment project may begin, in step 272.
  • the assessment project within an operating unit e.g., a college, a department
  • the sub-units may be academic departments, administrative or other departments. Underneath these units may be courses or course sections.
  • the previous modeling of the institution does not need to be re-accomplished but may be re-utilized.
  • the sub-operating units their own objectives are defined in step 274. These objectives may be aligned with the top-level goals and objectives to create a link between the multiple hierarchical levels of operating units.
  • one or more courses are defined in step 276.
  • the course objectives are aligned with higher-level goals and objectives, in step 278, so that a link between courses and the meeting of certain goals and objectives can be established.
  • the course can also include a definition of its content (e.g., assignments, tests, reading material, collaboration exercises, etc.). A description of the various content for a course may include which course or unit objective it is aligned with.
  • step 280 course content is aligned with course objectives and, possible, higher-level goals and objectives.
  • top-level managers can establish which specific resources satisfy strategic goals and objectives, while low-level managers can identify deficiencies in course offerings and content when compared to desired curriculum objectives.
  • One advantageous benefit of the present system, described below, is that at each level of the process an appropriate form can be presented to the user to direct the definition of the assessment project.
  • FIGs. 3 A — 31 provide a series of screenshots of one exemplary user interface that allows a user or project manager to create an assessment project.
  • FIGs. 3 A — 31 provide a series of screenshots of one exemplary user interface that allows a user or project manager to create an assessment project.
  • One of ordinary skill will appreciate that not all steps depicted in the screen shots are necessary nor are all the features within the user interface.
  • FIG. 3 A depicts a screen shot of an opening window 300 for an English department of a university. This window would typically be presented to a user once that user logs into the assessment system and would be based on the user's identity (e.g., an Engineering professor or department head would be presented with a different, appropriate window).
  • the title bar 302 shows the example hierarchy of:
  • Such a hierarchy can, for example, be defined by the institution when initially configuring the assessment system or modified during a later update of that definition. From this "home page" a user may start a new assessment project or interact within a current assessment project.
  • a number of sub-windows may be provided within the opening window
  • Some exemplary windows, as shown in FIG. 3 A, include a mission statement window 306, a list of available assessment projects 312, and a list of courses 308 within the English Department. As shown, the available courses 308 can be filtered according'to the term in which they are offered. Another possible sub-window lists the different programs 304 offered by the English Department. From the Home window 300, the user can opt to manage the assessment process by selecting to open the "Goals & Assessment Planning" tab 310. The tabs located in the left of the window 300 allow a user to select the different functions available within the system.
  • the "Goal Manager” window of FIG. 3B is identified by its title bar 302 and the tab 314. (This exemplary window is for a hypothetical Business & Finance Department unlike the previous window which related to an English Department). From within this interface, a user is presented with a list of analysis processes 318 that are available to support strategic planning of a particular unit or program (e.g., institution, campus, department, graduate program, etc.) These processes can include, for example, "Goals” or "Mission Statement”, "Vision Statement”, and other widely used analysis processes that are known within the area of strategic planning. As used herein, a mission statement generally relates to what a institution plans to do while a vision statement relates to the institution's principles or what it believes in.
  • This list of processes may also include an identification of an appropriate term 316 to which each process relates. For example, this allows historical mission/vision statements to be maintained even as new ones are developed.
  • the current user is also provided with a respective icon 317 that is associated with each process that indicates that user's access privileges for the particular process.
  • a user may choose to define or edit a mission/vision statement for the operating unit or program.
  • the user is presented in the area labeled "1 Properties" with a mechanism for specifying whether the statement applies to the entire academic department or some specific context (e.g., program, resource center, etc.) within the department.
  • the text box 323 allows the user to enter the specific context if appropriate. This box 323 may also be populated with predetermined contexts from which the user can select as well.
  • the term “department” is used generically and can apply in general to whatever level operating unit the user has selected. In this example, the title bar 302 indicates that the "department" is the "Division of Business & Finance".
  • the text box 322 allows the user to enter the language of the mission statement.
  • the vision statement is something different than the mission statement and so a separate text box 320 allows the user to enter the vision statement for the department.
  • the goals for the department can be defined using an interface such as the one shown in FIG. 3D. This interface screen provides a list of the department goals that includes a label 324 for each goal and a portion of the text 326 of each goal. To add a new goal, an "Add" button 325 is provided.
  • the add process would typically include defining a label for the new goal, a textual description of the goal, and some additional meta-data such as its priority, a category identifier, a keyword (to assist with searching or customized reports), and an identifier of related goal or objectives. These additional meta-data may also be included in the list via a user-controlled selection process 327. In many instances, entering the mission and vision statements for the department, as well as the goals, may already have been performed and the user may bypass such steps and move directly to defining a new assessment project.
  • the screen of FIG. 3E includes a title bar 328 indicating to the user that the screen pertains to assessment projects of the English Department.
  • the list of currently defined assessment projects can include a identification of the project 330, its description 332, the name of the initiative to which it relates 334, as well as other metadata. However, some of these columns may be eliminated as well.
  • the user can open that assessment project and read or edit the particular data pertaining to that assessment project (assuming they have the proper access privileges).
  • the "Add" button 336 a user can begin the process of defining a new assessment project. The defining of a new assessment project may take place as described above with the use of templates to assist in the process.
  • FIG. 3F depicts a partially defined assessment project related to
  • the user is presented with the already defined objectives for the project. For example, a list of objective labels 344 and associated descriptive text 346 are shown. Furthermore, the selection window 347 allows a user to add additional columns to the depicted list. Particular objectives may be added or removed from the list by use of the "Add" button 340 and the "Remove” button 342.
  • the interface screen of FIG. 3 G depicts some exemplary attributes for an objective.
  • This particular objective is labeled “Non-Print Media” and relates to the study and comparison of non-print media.
  • the "Properties” area 348 a label and a description of the objective is entered by the user. The description explains the purpose of the objective.
  • the "options" area 350 allows the user to specify other attributes about the objective. Such as whether it is an academic objective rather than an administrative objective.
  • This particular interface screen is related to the template 250 of FIG.
  • an Assessment Project template may be thought of as a complete process (e.g., summary, objective, measurement, findings, follow-up, review) accomplished with a set of interrelated forms.
  • the alignment of objectives with other goals and objectives is one advantageous benefit of the present system.
  • the selection box 352 allows the user to select various available objectives and goals that have been defined. For example, departmental goals, institutional goals, and other operating unit goals and objectives can all be selected using the drop down box 352.
  • the specific goals can be selected using the arrow button 354.
  • the selected goals and objectives are shown in the box 349.
  • This process allows the user to identify other goals, objectives, or standards are aligned with the present objective being defined.
  • an association can be created between the goals of any of the different hierarchical levels of operating units defined within the assessment project and a newly defined objective.
  • a user at the institutional level can identify which lower level objectives relate to which of the strategic goals and objectives of the institution, hi general, the result is that associations or alignments may be accomplished between goals and objectives of higher, lower, and parallel hierarchical levels within the organization or institution.
  • an external standard is shown as one of the selected goals.
  • External standards are not necessarily defined by the institution but may be defined by a regulatory body or other third party such as an accreditation council.
  • the drop down selection window 352 would also allow the user to select from among available external standards and have the standard's goals listed for possible selection. These standards may change over time and, therefore, can be imported into predetermined storage locations so that the interface screen of FIG. 3 G can populate the selection windows with the latest information as it is provided by the standard's authors.
  • buttons 353, 355 of the interface screen allow the user to provide comments or attachments that are related to the objective. Such areas 353, 355 may be particularly helpful when the objective is being reviewed by a committee or other party.
  • the above-described defining of goals, assessment projects, and objectives relies on the defining of operating units.
  • the present system and methods provide techniques for defining operating units in a flexible manner that allows an institution to model whatever its organizational hierarchy structure looks like.
  • the interface screen of FIG. 3H depicts one exemplary method for a user to define operating units, programs, and courses within the "Division of Art". Using such an interface allows campuses, colleges, departments, and sub-departments to define their own hierarchy.
  • the screen of FIG. 3H presents a list of available, or defined, units, programs, courses, and sections 360 that exist for the Division of Art.
  • visual cues such as icons 364, 366, 368, may be provided so that the user can determine whether an item in the list is a course, a program or a unit.
  • a user can elect to add a "unit", a "program” or a "course” at the particular hierarchical position (e.g., Division of Art).
  • the user would select an appropriate choice from the lists of units that are presented. Further details of these items are described later.
  • the identification and assignment of roles to different users is important to determining the access privileges to various data resources previously described.
  • the "user" button 372 allows a user to elect to add a new user to the department.
  • information about the user would be provided.
  • Such information can include, for example, name, email address, user ID, role, access privileges, etc. Additional columns can be used as well via a user-selection process such as window 376.
  • the screen of FIG. 31 shows a list 374 of existing users and their associated meta-data.
  • This list 374 can be manipulated so that all users can be listed or only certain, selected users can be listed.
  • a user can elect to display within the list 374 only those users satisfying a particular role.
  • the previously described interface screens relate to the general category of goals and assessment planning for an operating unit. Such planning usually takes place at the relatively higher layers of the institution and relate to the strategic goals and objectives of the institution. As shown, however, lower-level operating units can define objectives and goals as well. Finally, at the lowest hierarchical levels, the objectives which are defined relate back, or are aligned to, the previously defined goals. At a higher education institution, for example, the levels can be categorized as institutional level, program level, and classroom level. For example, within a program, a number of courses or sections may defined that are designed to satisfy the objectives of the program, the department and the institution.
  • FIGs. 4A-4C depict exemplary techniques for curriculum planning within a program. Retuning quickly, to FIG.
  • FIG. 4A depicts a user interface screen that allows a user to define course-specific objectives for a course or course section within a program. Examples of a course objective, may include such items as critical thinking, on-line research, portrait drawing, etc.
  • the left set of tabs 400 identify for the user that the general functionality relates to curriculum planning and, more particularly, to defining section objectives.
  • the interface screen of FIG. 4A includes a table that lists the already- defined objectives of this course 405.
  • the attributes which are defined for a course may include, but are not limited to, an objective name 402, the location of its definition 404, the category of the objective 406, the rubric 408, by which the objective is measured and user access privileges for each objective.
  • a definition screen is presented to the user that allows the user to enter information relating to these attributes. For example, a form can be presented to the user with these fields 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412 (or other fields as defined by the associated template) and the user can enter data or select from pre-populated data in order to define the objective.
  • Other attributes may include a textual description of the objective, a summary of the objective, and keywords related to the concept of the objective.
  • the "definition" attribute 404 allows a course objective to be defined in an efficient manner. For example, a particular objective may be defined for a course (e.g., CSlOl) that will also be an objective for every section of that course irrespective of the specific instructor for the section.
  • a course objective e.g., CSlOl
  • the section-specific objectives are defined for a section, there is no need to re-define the particular course objective but rather simply select it from all the available objectives presented on a template during the definition process.
  • a default, or pre-selected, objective may be presented to the user as well. By selecting an already defined objective, all the attributes can be re-used and, optionally, changed by the user if desired.
  • An objective may be aligned with any previously defined objective or goal regardless of the operating unit in which that objective or goal was defined (for example, see FIG. 3 G and the description accompanying that figure).
  • a goal at one operating unit may be aligned with an objective at an immediately lower-level operating unit which, itself, is aligned with an objective of an even lower-level operating unit.
  • the goals and objectives to which it is aligned can be identified in a number of ways.
  • a course objective may, for example, be aligned with a program objective which itself is aligned with an institutional or department-level objective or goal.
  • course content may be aligned with a course objective which itself is aligned with a program objective.
  • course content is indirectly aligned with program objectives (and possibly even higher- level goals and objectives). Because goals and objectives may change over time, the "align" button 401 is provided to allow a user to update the alignment information of an objective even after it has been initially defined.
  • the rubric attribute 408 identifies the rubric used to measure the findings related to the objective.
  • the present system includes functionality for building rubrics related to course objectives and for other uses within an assessment project.
  • One of ordinary skill will recognize that a variety of techniques and methods can be used to identify the subject matter of the rubric and arrange and define its structure. Once created, these rubrics are managed and stored by the present system to be available for various uses in their respective operating units. Also, assuming proper access privileges are defined, rubrics may be shared between different operating units and assessment projects as well.
  • the rubrics may be general in nature such as a "writing assignment" rubric that can be applied to any writing assignments.
  • the objectives for a particular writing assignment may include, for example, "utilize research material” and "critical thinking”.
  • the rubric used will have a result that measures attainment of these objectives. Another level of assessment planning that can occur is at the lesson level.
  • FIG. 4B depicts an interface screen that relates to lesson planning within a course.
  • a course e.g., Intro to Graphic design
  • a user can define a number of lesson plans that are meant to achieve the course objectives identified earlier.
  • the table of FIG. 4B depicts a number of already-defined lesson plans and includes attributes of each lesson plan such as its name 418, where it is defined 420, the number of student resources, 422, number of faculty resources 424, the number of associated assessments 426, and access privileges 428. Additional attributes may be added and some of the attributes deleted from the table of FIG. 4B without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the user can elect to add a new lesson plan (using the button 417) and be provided a template appropriate for its creation.
  • the user can be offered a template that allows the user to identify the attributes shown in the table of FIG. 4B as well as the course objectives to which the lesson plan aligns.
  • the user can specify such attributes as where, if at all, the lesson plan may already be defined, the number of course resources (e.g., books, papers, digital files, etc.) that are used within the lesson plan and the number of faculty resources used.
  • assessments can include tests, quizzes, papers, collaborative assignments, on-line surveys, etc.
  • the column 410 identifies a number of curriculum items or content for a course have been aligned to a particular objective of that course.
  • FIG. 4C one example of a curriculum-related report about a operating unit is depicted.
  • a list of the courses 430 offered by an operating unit e.g., English Department
  • This list also includes an indication 432 of the type of curriculum activities within the course aligned with various objectives and goals.
  • the columns of the list identify the activities within a course such as tests, collaboration, discussion threads, assignments, collections, etc.
  • the corresponding number of aligned items of each type are identified under each activity type.
  • the report summarizes what types of activities in each course are aligned with various objectives.
  • the user can be presented with a detailed list of exactly which objectives with which that particular activity is aligned.
  • the identified objectives may be limited to merely course objectives but may also include objectives and goals from all levels (e.g., higher, lower, and parallel.)
  • FIG. 4D depicts an exemplary curriculum map 440 that graphically displays a mapping of program objectives to course offerings.
  • Each column 444 of the table 440 relates to a particular program objective and each row 442 relates to a course within the program.
  • the cells of the table include an indicator 446 of whether or not a particular course is aligned with a particular program objective.
  • the indicator 446 may be a binary indicator (e.g., "yes” or "no”) or may be multi-valued.
  • Alternative measures can be the level at which the objective is met (e.g., introduction, re-enforcement, mastery, etc).
  • a user can quickly realize which objectives may not have many courses aligned therewith or where there is a high-degree of redundancy.
  • curriculum planning decision can be made about what new courses might be added and what their content should be.
  • the objectives just described have been identified as "program” objectives merely as a practical example. However, one of ordinary skill will recognize that these objectives may also be goals and objectives from higher, lower, and parallel levels in the institution hierarchy.
  • Another possible curriculum mapping function can include a different view of courses and aligned objectives. For example, an operating unit that "owns" a course (e.g., the Computer Science Department) can use the information described above to identify all other units that have aligned program objectives to that course.
  • the curriculum plan can be viewed from both a top-down approach as well as a bottom-up approach.
  • Potential for new courses or changes to existing courses within a program can be determined by identifying which goals and objectives are being ignored by the offerings within a program.
  • lesson plans can be modified or augmented to more closely align with the course objectives (which indirectly align to the other levels of the hierarchy).
  • evidence can be automatically gathered from across the various operating units of how the institution's goals and objectives are being met. This evidence is collected automatically, systematically, and objectively during the performance of the assessment projects and is readily available for internal evaluation by the institution as well as by external accreditation boards.
  • FIG. 5A depicts a flowchart of an exemplary method for deploying instruments within the assessment system 102 described herein in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • an instrument is a data collection tool that can include, for example, surveys, quizzes, portfolios, assignments, assignment binders, papers, tests. These instruments are used to collect data that is used for various purposes within an assessment project. Some data may have rubrics applied to it, other data may be used to measure achievement of a goal or objective, and other data may be used to quantify values being assessed within the project. For purposes of explaining FIG. 5 A, the specific example of a test as the instrument will be used without an intent to limit instruments to only tests.
  • a user identifies a new test instrument through the user interface.
  • test can incorporate default information required by a department or the institution. For example, every test may require the student to sign a "honor" clause or to answer certain demographic information. Thus, when a new test is defined, it will automatically include such information, hi the example where the instrument is a survey, the institution may have certain required questions and each department may have its own auxiliary questions. Thus, the starting "canvas" for a survey instrument may initially have a variety of default questions depending on the unit under which the instrument is created.
  • the recipient list for the instrument is selected.
  • This list may be generated based on data about user, units or courses.
  • the list might be generated dynamically at the time of deployment or have been generated previously and saved as a static list.
  • the recipient list may be defined as all 400-level sections taught by a tenured professor. If generated dynamically, that list would show all 400-level sections taught by a tenured professor at the time of deployment, therefore the dynamically generated list might be different when used the Fall of 2006 and the Fall of 2007, as the sections taught by tenured faculty will have changed. However, if generated statically in the Fall of 2006, it will store all 400-level sections taught by a tenured professor at the time of the list creation.
  • an instrument may be copied and then modified such that the modified copy is deployed to an earlier population or a different population altogether. Accordingly, both the original instrument and the changed copy are available for deployment in the future. Deployment of an instrument can occur in a variety of ways, some of which rely on the academic system 116 of FIG. 1, in particular, the community system portion of the academic system 116. As mentioned briefly, and described in more detail in the incorporated patent application, the academic system and community system include a virtual space that each student may visit to send and receive information and deployment of an instrument is often accomplished within this environment.
  • the academic system may include logical components such as a learning system, a content system, and a transaction system such as those offered commercially by the present Assignee.
  • logical components such as a learning system, a content system, and a transaction system such as those offered commercially by the present Assignee.
  • deployment of an instrument can entail sending an executable web module that displays on the student's home page or within the appropriate course area. The deployment could also be accomplished through a simple HTML link, or an e-mail message.
  • the deployment may also include sending information to parties external to both the assessment system 102 and the academic system 116.
  • the instrument can be deployed in more than a single media (e.g., off-line via bubble sheets) as well depending on the recipients preferences or some other setting within the assessment system 102.
  • FIG. 5B depicts a screenshot of a user interface for defining test instruments for an English department.
  • the exemplary attributes of the instrument that are explicitly shown include the instrument name 510, the number of available versions 512, information about previous deployments 514, and access privileges 516. Other attributes may include the deployed date, the due date, and a textual description of the instrument.
  • Each instrument has a selection link that allows the user to select the instrument for further action (e.g., remove) and a "Manage" button 520 for editing and management. Additionally, there is a "deploy” button for when the user wants to actually deploy a previously defined instrument. If multiple versions of an instrument are available, the "deploy” button may cause an intermediary window to inquire of the user as to which version to deploy. As part of the deployment, the user is presented with an interface screen (not shown) that allows selection of the desired recipients.
  • Adding a new test instrument is initiated by selecting the "Add" button 519. Doing so causes a new test creation page to be presented to the user for modification and editing. From this from a user can define such items as the questions of the test, how it is scored, the instructions for completing the test, and similar test characteristics.
  • FIG. 5C is similar to FIG. 5B except that the items in column 530 refer to survey instruments rather than test instruments.
  • FIG. 5D depicts an exemplary form defining a survey instrument that might be offered to a user when that user elects to define a new survey.
  • the form identifies the survey name 532 and includes a brief summary area 534 about the survey itself.
  • the particular example of FIG. 5D includes a technique 536 for breaking the survey into sections in which different questions 538 can be entered. As shown, the questions can be relatively complex with multiple scoring criteria.
  • the depicted survey form is exemplary in nature and one of ordinary skill will recognize that many other types and forms of questions may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the present assessment system 102 also provides, via its user interface, methods for managing course evaluation instruments for a particular operating unit.
  • the interface screen 540 of FIG. 5E provides a list 542 of course evaluations available to the English Department. The displayed list of available evaluations can be modified by selecting the appropriate level of detail from the window 544. Thus, a user may select (if access privileges allow) evaluations from other units and even from higher- level operating units. From within the management screen 540, the user can select options to manage 550 the evaluation or to deploy 548 the evaluation. Because multiple deployments of the same evaluation are possible, the screen 540 includes deployment statistics 546 about this particular evaluation.
  • the user can elect to create a new course evaluation by selecting the
  • An appropriate authoring form is provided to the user in order to define the new evaluation.
  • An exemplary authoring form is depicted in the interface screen 560 of FIG. 5F.
  • the authorship of an evaluation can be distributed among various authors because some questions may be from the institution, others may be from the department, still others may be from the program, some may be course specific and still others may be instructor specific.
  • the selection of recipients of an instrument e.g., an evaluation
  • course evaluations may be delivered such that a recipient is presented with an aggregation of questions that is determined dynamically by the recipient's context (e.g., institution, college, department, course, section, sex, ethnicity, residence status, etc.).
  • the assessment system 102 already includes a variety of information and data that is typically used to perform questionnaire functions within the institution, a questionnaire manager may be provided that defines standard questionnaires and their contents. Thus, when a user desires to generate a questionnaire, it can be initially created within the assessment system 102 using the templates maintained by the questionnaire manager.
  • the benefits of such a system include the advantageous result that a department, for example, will receive similarly formatted reports and content from each of its separate programs.
  • the exemplary interface screen of FIG. 5G depicts a questionnaire generator that provides a selection window 562 that permits a user to define new fields of the questionnaire. When a new field is added, then its label, instructions and other attributes can be defined as well.
  • the screen view of FIG. 5G shows a list 564 of all the defined fields for the current questionnaire.
  • a preview mode (not shown) is available to show how the questionnaire layout looks for presentation to a user.
  • a survey Unlike a survey, some data collection instruments are not delivered to a specific set of users and may be open for anyone to complete. For example, a satisfaction survey would be sent to a specific set of users typically all at the same time and users would only be able to submit once.
  • a curriculum change request form would be available for a user to complete at any time, as determined by the user's need to request a change in the curriculum (e.g., a faculty requesting a new course be added to the curriculum), and the user may submit it multiple times as the need to provide the data may arises on multiple occasions.
  • the data collection capabilities of the survey and course evaluation tools can be used for such general purpose data collection instruments as well, with a change to the deployment model. Instead of being deployed to a specific set of users, such a general purpose data collection instrument could be made accessible to a set of users for submission at the discretion of the user based on the user's needs.
  • the exemplary interface screen of FIG. 5G depicts a generator of such a general purpose data collection instrument that provides a selection window 562 that permits a user to define new fields of the instrument. When a new field is added, then its label, instructions and other attributes can be defined as well.
  • the screen view of FIG. 5G shows a list 564 of all the defined fields for the current instrument. A preview mode (not shown) is available to show how the layout looks for presentation to a user.
  • an evaluation portfolio manager is provided for an operating unit that lists evaluation templates available to users within the operating unit.
  • the evaluation template manager would be at a relatively high level such as at the college or department level.
  • An evaluation portfolio relates to a particular portion of an assessment project. For example, a college may have to satisfy three different accreditation boards to be "accredited”. A different portfolio could be created for each of the different accreditation boards. Each portfolio would have identified, therein, a series of objectives (as outlined by the accreditation board).
  • a portfolio includes a label, a number of objectives, one or more ways to measure instruments related to each objective, and the artifacts themselves.
  • At least three different types of assessment capabilities are provided in conjunction with evaluation portfolios. For example, a student or faculty may perform self-assessment. Additionally, a faculty member, for example, may use an evaluation portfolio to perform assessment of an individual (e.g., a student) with respect to a course objective, one or more program objectives, an institutional goal etc. Furthermore, the evaluation portfolios may aggregate results from many entities within the institution to provide assessment of institutional or program-level objectives such as, for example, accreditation criteria.
  • the interface screen of FIG. 5H depicts an exemplary evaluation portfolio manager that lists the available evaluation portfolios.
  • one evaluation portfolio 566 is listed and is related to NCATE accreditation.
  • the screen further displays attributes of this portfolio such as where it is defined 568, and its deployments 570. From this screen, the user can manage 573 a portfolio, add 571 a new portfolio, or deploy 570 an existing portfolio. Selecting the "Add" button 571 of the portfolio manager interface will reveal the interface screen of FIG. 51 that shows a template of a portfolio that includes a listing of the areas that are the subject of the evaluation portfolio. This template can then be modified by the user.
  • a portfolio is intended to include artifacts from students that exhibit certain outcomes.
  • artifacts may be papers, tests, surveys, quizzes, collaborative exercise, assignments, etc. These artifacts are submitted by a student (or collected by the faculty) in order to be applied towards one or more of the areas identified within the evaluation portfolio template.
  • Li the example portfolio 566 there are four areas of interest for evaluation. A list of these areas 580 and their respective descriptions 582 are shown. By selecting one of the links 580, a more detailed view of the specific properties for that portfolio area can be provided to the user.
  • This evaluation portfolio is deployed by a user to selected recipients using the "deploy" button 572 shown in FIG. 5H.
  • a list of recipients may be defined or selected for deployment that varies according a number of criteria.
  • the user may also be given the opportunity to define the artifacts that should be collected for each of the areas.
  • the user may be provided with an artifact definition template that specifies attributes of the artifact (e.g., the scoring system, the fields, and the date).
  • attributes of the artifact e.g., the scoring system, the fields, and the date.
  • One example area in a portfolio may be to show that a student nurse can perform an intramuscular delivery of medicine.
  • the artifact for documenting this area may require the name of the managing clinical nurse, a statement that the student was observed performing the injection, the name of the hospital, and the date of the observation.
  • Another area in a portfolio may relate to satisfying a creative writing requirement.
  • the artifact to apply to this area may include a paper that was scored according to a particular rubric.
  • the artifacts themselves may vary greatly depending on the area 580 within an evaluation portfolio. Accordingly, the present assessment system 102 allows a user to define templates for the different types of artifacts and then, subsequently, when creating an evaluation portfolio, allows the selection of these templates to identify an artifact when describing an area within the evaluation portfolio, such as that in FIG. 51.
  • FIG. 5J depicts an exemplary interface screen for managing assignment binders. As shown, a binder is created within the College of Engineering and includes a name 590 and a description 592. Other attributes of a binder include, for example, the term for which it applies and user access privileges.
  • an assignment binder may include artifacts from a wide range of students, selective filtering based on user lists, unit lists, or course lists can be used to extract a limited subset of artifacts from students matching particular criteria. Additionally, artifacts can be selectively returned that match a filter, or search criteria, related to the grade of an assignment, or other assignment specific attributes. Thus, different binders may be built, from the same pool of artifacts, by automatically retrieving artifacts matching one or more defined filter criteria.
  • this integrated information can be organized and filtered to identify and report various aspects related to the stored data that may be pertinent to assessment within an institution.
  • a "score-sheet" such as that depicted in FIG. 6A may be built as the result of the integration and flexibility provided by the present assessment system.
  • This table of FIG. 6 A includes a list of students 602 and an indication of how they satisfy each objective 604, 606.
  • the indication 608 may be a numerical score or some other qualitative-type score.
  • the indicators include "below”, “meets", and “exceeds”. These indicators are based on the definition of the rubrics and the scores that are assigned to the artifacts which the students supplied in response to the rubrics. Because the rubrics are aligned with previously defined goals and objectives, these indicators can be automatically determined from these objectives.
  • the table of FIG. 6 A also includes a drop down window 610 that allows a user to select other objectives to display (e.g., critical thinking) as columns in the table.
  • FIG. 6B depicts a flowchart of an exemplary method by which the table of FIG. 6 A maybe generated.
  • instruments, rubrics, and goals and objectives are defined as described earlier.
  • the instruments are associated with different rubrics and these rubrics are aligned with various goals and objectives.
  • the instruments e.g., test and quizzes
  • Other activities that are aligned with various rubrics may be performed as well.
  • results are received from the students, in step 624, by the assessment system.
  • the receipt of results may be through automatic submission by the students through a campus academic system 116 as described earlier or through an instructor who receives the results directly from the students.
  • the rubrics may then be applied to the results, in step 626. Once the rubric is applied, scores can be assigned to the results for each of the defined goals and objectives so that a report can be generated (see FIG. 6A), in step 628.
  • the results and assigned scores along with other data may then be stored, in step 630, so that records of the assessment may be maintained for future reference and analysis.
  • a report related to a department goal or objective may include results from artifacts that were submitted at the course level even though there are intervening operating units between the two levels within the model of the institution. This sharing of data between different operating units and different levels of operating units occurs in the other direction as well. For example, when defining and identifying artifacts, instruments, surveys, portfolios, curriculum content, etc. at a lower-level operating unit attributes from higher-level operating units may be automatically inherited without the need to be explicitly defined
  • FIG. 7 A depicts a list 702 of report templates that have been pre-defined for use by a user. As new reports are defined, they can be added to the list. In operation, a user would select one of the available templates and then fill out the fields of the template with the particular data for their report. To help in the selection of the report, the list can also include other identifying features such as a description 704 associated with each report template.
  • FIG. 7B which is a more detailed view FIG. 4C); this report displays a table of "Course vs. Objective". In generating this table, the English Department, for example, may use the template to select some or all of its courses and then select all or some of its department objectives.
  • the table includes an indicator 706 at each intersection of an objective and course.
  • This indicator could be quantitative such as a ranked numerical score or it can be qualitative as shown in FIG. 7B. Exemplary qualitative categories are shown in the legend 708 of the table.
  • FIG. 7C depicts a table that might be useful to the institution which shows, by department, the status of course evaluations. Because the generation and return of course evaluations are automatically and systematically handled by the present assessment system, these statistics are readily available without manual collection and tallying of results by each department. Furthermore, not only is the status of completion revealed in the table but the overall scores 710 of the evaluations can be calculated and displayed as well.
  • FIGs. 7D and 7E depict a dashboard-type report that graphically indicates certain indicators that an institution or other operating unit may be interested in.
  • certain indicators are defined along with the attributes for that indicator.
  • the "traffic light" indicator 716 of FIG. 7D has three possible states (e.g., read, yellow, green) which are mapped to a particular graduation rate defined by the institution.
  • the data collection described herein provides the raw data for this indicator and the definition of the indicator is used to map the raw data into the "color" of the traffic light.
  • a pie chart 718 can be created from raw data to show the percentage of students who passed and failed a course.
  • Similar raw data may be displayed as a bar chart 720 as well.
  • the template definition screen of FIG. 7E depicts one way in which such a dashboard may be created. For example, a user can create a new metric 714 using the "Add" button 713. hi the creation process, the user is provided with a selection window 712 that selects the type of indicator associated with the metric.
  • FIG. 7F depicts another type of report that resembles a scorecard. This type of report may be advantageously used to compare results of the same metric over different instances.
  • the scorecard of FIG. 7F shows such statistics as student SAT scores, student satisfaction, the number of minority faculty, etc. However, from an institution perspective, the scorecard provides the values for these metrics for the four most recent terms 720. Thus comparison and tracking of different metrics may be accomplished using a scorecard.
  • FIG. 7G shows the details of using a scorecard template to generate a scorecard such as the one in FIG. 7F.
  • a user can define the metric 722 that is going to be applied and displayed along with the class of individuals 724 to whom it applies.
  • a description 726 is useful for identifying the metric and a selection window 728 allows the user to define the type of data that results from applying the metric. For example, the data may be "dollars", “a percentage”, “raw numbers”, “an average”, etc.
  • a window 730 that allows the user to select the different time frames for which these metrics will be included in the scorecard.
  • the assessment system 102 described herein provides that capability.
  • FIG. 71 depicts a relatively simple bar chart; however, its contents reveal the great breadth of data collection and reporting capability provided by the assessment system 102 described herein.
  • one level of operating units may be "the college”.
  • the different colleges 736 may include the business college, the engineering college, etc.
  • each college Within each college are courses and each of these courses have course evaluations that are deployed and collected and given a rating 738.
  • Each course also has a particular number of seats or students and this data may be stored in a third-party campus information system maintained by the institution or it may be stored within the present assessment system.
  • the bar graphs of FIG. 71 allow a reporting of data such that the institution can discover the average course evaluation ratings within each different college as a function of class size.
  • the legend 734 depicts an exemplary breakdown of class sizes.
  • FIG. 7 J depicts another type of graph 741 that can be used to display data.
  • the data is from an off-campus survey that collected ratings 740 from employers of recent graduates. Additionally, the graphs are broken down by different programs 742 within the college of engineering. Thus, as an operating unit, the college of engineering can analyze data according to sub-units defined previously.
  • the assessment system 102 can track activities of users within the system in order to know what documents they have accessed and modified.
  • the table of FIG. 7K can be created that shows recent events 744 within the assessment system 102 that are associated with one or more users 746. This data may be filtered so as to create a report that is based on time, based on a particular user, based on a class of users, etc.
  • users can be grouped into committees in order to simplify assigning roles and access privileges.
  • Templates and other documents when created, may have access privileges assigned based on which committee may access them, approve them, modify them, etc.
  • the access privileges remain consistent even though faculty and staff can change.
  • a committee upon creation, a committee can be provided with its own discussion board area, its own shared calendar, its own e-mail contact list, as well as its own storage repository for the documents it needs and generates.
  • the interface screen of FIG. 8A depicts a tool useful for listing existing committees 804 and adding 802 new committees.
  • FIG. 8B depicts a task manager function which allows an operating unit to identify tasks 804 and track their status.
  • FIG. 8C depicts some of the detailed information that may be collected about a student or faculty. This information may be manually entered or populated from another system such as an SIS of the institution. Information such as gender, ethnicity, financial aid, native language, SAT scores, etc. may be collected. As a result, the user lists described earlier can be finely defined to include only a desired subset of students when deploying instruments or reporting results and other data. Some of the fields shown in FIG. 8C may be static while others are dynamic. Thus, as data changes (e.g., the students GPA), this data may be automatically pulled from the SIS when needed.
  • data changes e.g., the students GPA
  • the assessment system 102 can access the SIS system in at least two different ways.
  • a snapshot of the SIS can be made that the assessment system 102 stores and uses for its purposes or the SIS system can be dynamically accessed each time data from it is needed.
  • FIG. 8D depicts an exemplary file manager that may be used to utilize the files within the system for the English Department 808.
  • a list of file collections 810 can be provided along with associated attributes 811.
  • a drop down window 812 may be provided to allow the user to apply certain filters so that only desired file collections are displayed.
  • FIGs. 8E — 8H depict a template manager that allows operating units to define the templates that will be used in assessment projects and to list existing templates 814. Using this manager, a user can modify 815 an existing template or add 816 a new template.
  • One attribute of a template is the owner 818 of the template which reflects the operating unit that created the template.
  • an owner may be an operating unit hierarchically above the present operating unit. Accordingly, the user of the "college of Liberal Arts", for example, can start with a template provided by "the Institution" and add college-specific revisions, hi this way, the institution can have complete or flexible control over the contents of assessment project templates to ensure some level of consistency across the different sub-operating units but also allow customization.
  • FIG. 8F depicts a interface screen that allows creation of an assessment project template. Using this interface screen, the user can specify what forms 820 are to be included in a template and view a description 822 of each form. For example, returning briefly to FIG. 3 G, the names in the column 820 correspond to the form names that are along the top tabs 252-262. As shown, however, the exact form names may vary as well as the number of forms defined within a template. Exemplary forms shown in FIG. 8F include:
  • Objectives The objectives for the assessment project Measurements: The measurements that will be used to measure the objective (e.g., test, survey, portfolio)
  • Action Plan The ordered steps to be taken within the Assessment Project
  • the templates that are provided to the user are those templates and forms that are defined in this process.
  • One of ordinary skill will recognize that other or additional forms may be used as well to define an assessment project template without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8G depicts an exemplary form definition interface for the "Objectives" form.
  • a similar form definition interface is also provided for the other forms identified as well.
  • the interface screen of FIG. 8 G allows a user to add fields 824 to the form which define the way the form is presented when displayed for a user to use when defining a new assessment project.
  • the interface screen of FIG. 8G shows how the details of the form's fields are defined and specified. For example, field 7 is provided with a user configurable "type” 826, and "label” 828. Additionally, the user defines (for this particular field), the "drop-down items" 830 from which the user can select.
  • a user list is a multi- faceted concept that refers to both its definition and its members.
  • a user list may be defined as "all male juniors in the College of Engineering" and the members which satisfy that definition are also referred to as the "user list”.
  • user list a variety of user demographic information is collected and maintained by the assessment system. This information can be employed to define very specific subsets of students by presenting the fields of FIG. 8 C to a user as selectable filters which the user can configure to define the desired members for a particular user list.
  • the user has the option of making it a static list or a dynamic list. If it is a static list, then the user can apply the definition at a particular date to select the members of the user list. When some other process references this user list, then only those members within the original list will apply (e.g., only those members will receive a particular course evaluation). If it is a dynamic list, then the selected members are determined each time the user list is referenced. In other words, a survey deployed to a particular dynamic user list may be sent to different members if sent on two different dates.
  • the user manager interface screen of FIG. 81 provides a way for a user to maintain, define, and select different user lists. Using an "Add" button 844, a user is presented a new definition screen which allows them to configure the filters for selecting the desired subset of users. Once defined, this user list can be named and stored so that it is available in the list of FIG. 81. This list provides an identification 840 of available user lists along with a number 842 of the members within the user list. Similar to a user list, the assessment system 102 also provides the user with a way to selectively define course lists. A course list includes those courses that match a specified set of criteria.
  • the attributes of a course may be specified and stored within the assessment system 102 or be imported from another campus computer system such as an online catalog or similar database.
  • the breadth of different course lists that can be created is limited only by the possible number of permutations allowed by the different attributes used to describe a course. Thus, very finely defined course lists may be created to allow selective deployment of portfolios, course evaluations, and other surveys.
  • the course list manager interface screen of FIG. 8 J depicts an exemplary way for a user to be presented with existing course lists and to define a new course list. Although not shown, creating a new course list involves a user being presented with an interface that allows defining the attributes and their values which must be satisfied to be a member of that particular course list.
  • a dynamic or static course list can be created and stored. Because operating units may be hierarchically arranged, it is possible to take advantage of that organization to simplify the deployment of certain instruments/survey and to perform certain reporting. For example, in an institution made of multiple campuses, each with multiple colleges, it is possible to ensure the same survey is deployed to all colleges of a campus simply by specifying the campuses without the need to specify each individual college.
  • This functionality is provided by allowing the user to define unit lists.
  • a unit list is simply those operating units that meet particular criteria.
  • the interface screen of FIG. 8K depicts a unit list manager tool that displays defined unit lists 860. Selecting one of those lists 860 will display the names of the operating units within that unit list. Using the screen of FIG. 8K 5 the user may also elect to define a new unit list as well.
  • a vast data warehouse can be generated that provides many different views of the assessment process. Searching through that data warehouse using selectable criteria allows a user to create a view of the data that may be useful for a variety of different purposes.
  • the search interface screen of FIG. 8L is merely one exemplary way in which a view of the data can be defined and retrieved from within the assessment system 102 described herein. Using this screen, the user can select from a multitude of search criteria 862.
  • This search criteria can include, for example, unit names 864, keywords, 866, author 868, dates 869, objectives 870, aligned goals 872, etc.
  • the previously-described functionality of the assessment system 102 has been focused on the assessment system in isolation from many of the other systems available within the institution or organization. However, as briefly mentioned with respect to FIG. 1, a number of other systems may exist within the institution that may advantageously be integrated with the present assessment system. As mentioned earlier, the assessment system 102 described herein can operate in conjunction with an academic system as described in the previously incorporated patent and patent applications. This Internet-based learning system is also called the academic system 116 (See FIG. 1) in that it provides a virtual, on-line community for students. FIG. 9 A depicts an exemplary screen that a user may encounter when logged into the academic system 116.
  • FIG. 9A the user is provided with electronic tools 902 such as e-mail, calendar, and a directory.
  • the academic system 116 also allows the user to connect to external campus computer systems using links 904 such as the Registrar's office or the Advising office.
  • links 904 such as the Registrar's office or the Advising office.
  • the "My Courses" tab 906 allows the user to drill down into the courses for which they are enrolled to see course assignments, lecture notes, external resources, discussion boards etc. Additionally, system wide announcements can be provided in a window 908.
  • the module 910 describes an assessment exercise that a student must complete by a certain date. It includes a link 911 that the user can select to be taken to the assessment exercise.
  • the implementation of the exercise may be on some other computer system that receives and records the user's responses.
  • the other module 912 relates to one or more surveys that the user is to complete. Similar to the assessment exercise, the student selects and then completes the survey with the results automatically returned to the assessment system.
  • the modules 910, 912 refer to instruments that are defined by a user of the assessment system 102 using the techniques previously described.
  • the user of the assessment system 102 also employs the user list or course list (or both) to select the group of students to receive the respective instruments and then deploys the instruments. Once deployed, the assessment system 102 sends notification to the academic system to locate those students selected to receive the instrument. Within the academic system, a notation is made within the records associated with the implicated students regarding the newly available instrument. When the students next log in to the system, their respective home pages are rendered and the included notation results in a display of the appropriate modules 910, 912. An alternative deployment method would be to add a new instrument within the course area of a particular course.
  • window 920 of FIG. 9B provides, for the faculty member, links to information on unit forms, surveys, course evaluations, results, tests, etc.
  • Window 922 relates to a particular assessment project (e.g., "2006 Undergraduate Degree Review") and provides links to information such as the objectives and findings collected so far with respect to this project. Access to this information is provided through appropriate communications interfaces between the assessment system 102 and the academic system. Furthermore, user roles and identities can be used to ensure information is presented to only those users having the required access privileges.
  • a student has access to a variety of information pertaining to that course such as assignments, reading lists, discussion boards, lecture notes, etc.
  • the student may now also be provided with a listing of the goals and objectives aligned to each course. Additionally, by drilling down into each lesson within the course, the student can see what are the objectives of today's or some other day's lesson. Additionally, objectives and goals can be aligned to individual content items within the course. For example, a particular discussion board topic may be presented to satisfy a particular course or department objective. This alignment can be specified by the instructor and displayed within the course area visible to the student.
  • the academic system 116 includes both a content management system and an administrative system.
  • the assessment system 102 described previously can advantageously utilize this functionality already provided by the academic system.
  • the assessment-related content may be organized by operating unit and managed and accessed using the shared content window of the academic system.
  • FIG. 9C shows the shared content window 929 that includes a unit content tab 930.
  • the unit content tab 930 can include hierarchically arranged content within the unit as shown. Selection of specific content from the content tab 930 will display the associated file collections within a sub-window 932. From there, the file hierarchy can be traversed.
  • the display of content in FIG. 9C may be logical in nature and does not necessarily reflect the actual hierarchical arrangement of files as stored within the underlying file system.
  • FIGD depicts an administrative screen of the academic system 116. Rather than having a separate administrative function for the assessment system, it can be provided through a section 934 of the window 933. As shown, an administrator can manage functions related to assessment projects, curriculum planning, lesson planning, testing, surveys, reporting etc. While not necessary, the integration of the assessment system 102 with the academic system 116 simplifies sharing of user roles, content, course attributes and also simplifies deploying instruments and collecting responses. AU these activities can still be accomplished with diverse, separate systems but are advantageously simplified the tighter the two systems are integrated.
  • templates has been highlighted as an advantageous technique for defining and collecting the data to be used in assessment projects.
  • a template is provided which guides the user into providing strategic goals and mission and vision statements.
  • the user is presented with templates that allow objectives to be identified, measurements to be defined, and action plans to be specified.
  • a template is provided to guide the user through this process and to align them with higher level goals and objectives.
  • templates are provided to define portfolios, instruments, programs and program objectives. While at the course level, other appropriate templates are presented to a user to help develop lesson plans, instruments and course and content objectives. In each instance, the lower level objectives and outcomes can be aligned with higher-level objectives and goals.
  • a template driven system is provided that defines objectives at least at three different hierarchical levels and allows automatic alignment of the objectives throughout the three levels. Of course, more levels are possible as well, because the present assessment system provides operating units with the freedom to model their organization an a flexible manner.
  • the different phases of an assessment project can be considered as events within the assessment system 102.
  • a workflow system may be included to monitor and facilitate an assessment project.
  • certain re-occurring assessment projects may be tied to the start or end of a term.
  • a calendar function within a workflow process can initiate a creation of an appropriate assessment project template and forwarding it to the initial user responsible for managing the project.
  • the subsequent steps of the assessment project may be handled by a workflow process.
  • the task plan described earlier can include with each task the identity of the responsible parties and the disposition of the project after completion of each task.
  • a subsequent step may be to create a curriculum map for that department.
  • this automatic stepping through the task plan may be accomplished.
  • Some workflow steps may merely include sending e-mails to committee members regarding the status of some phase of an assessment project.
  • Another benefit of implementing a workflow system is that parts of the assessment project may have its access privileges automatically modified at each step of the task plan.
  • an automatic workflow capability may be included to further automate and monitor an institution's assessment initiatives.
  • Export and Import Assessment projects are data entities in and of themselves.
  • an English Department can create an assessment project that relates to how its courses align with its objectives.
  • the creation of such a project includes a definition of objectives and goals, an organization of operating units, a definition of courses, and an identification of course objectives.
  • Inherent in this data is how all the objectives from the different hierarchical levels align with one another.
  • each course can include information on course contents and instruments deployed within each course.
  • Another assessment project may be related to how a department prepared for a particular accreditation review. This might include evaluation portfolios, surveys, and other components. In each of these cases, other institutions may benefit from copying those assessment plans.
  • portions of an assessment project (or the entire project) may be copied within the institution for use by various programs and departments while such functionality may also occur across different institutions as well.
  • the presently described assessment system 102 can export an assessment project or only portions of an assessment project as a data entity that can be transferred to another institution having its own assessment system.
  • One example of a portion of an assessment project that may be exported, or imported, may be a series of templates related to National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) accreditation.
  • NCATE National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
  • the assessment system can import the data entity and have a pre-populated assessment plan to use or to modify.
  • a publisher of a course or program of courses can define the objectives met by its courses and their respective content as well as the instruments and, possibly, portfolios that might accompany such a program of courses.
  • This information may be imported into the assessment system at a department or program level at the institution to avoid developing the same material on their own from scratch.
  • importing and exporting data within the assessment system 102 provides the additional functionality to include external standards. This functionality may also extend to exporting and importing instruments related to measuring or evaluating these standards as well.
  • repositories of assessment project-related data entities may be created.
  • assessment projects, templates, instruments and other data may be exported to and stored in a repository that is accessible by other users via a network or other computer system.
  • a repository of information may include different levels of anonymity.
  • an institution may want to export to the repository information about the incoming Georgia class' SAT scores, high-school GPA, and student age that was collected during a particular assessment project. This information can then be used by other institutions for comparison and analysis.
  • the first institution may want to have their identity associated with the data but also insure that the individual student information is anonymous.
  • the institution itself may want to remain anonymous in interacting with the repository.
  • the institution may provide one or more aspects of an assessment
  • the repository provides the institution with feedback regarding the assessment project (e.g., whether or not the students performance on a battery of tests were below, at, or above a nationwide average).
  • the institution can access the repository and import different benchmarks and other standards to perform their own comparison and analysis.
  • institutions can exchange and compare various instruments, rubrics, surveys, templates, reports, as well as results collected in performing the assessment project.
  • this repository may also include non-assessment related information and data as well such as, for example, course content and individual academic portfolios. Multi-Institution
  • the assessments and portions of the assessment plans can be exported and shared, the results and findings can be shared as well.
  • a multi-college consortium for example, can request and receive findings from its members and then report on the findings from the overall perspective. If the members of the consortium utilize substantially similar assessment projects and initiatives, then the collected data and findings will be consistent in nature and format and will allow them to be simply amalgamated and analyzed.
  • a number of variations to the specific behaviors and steps described in the above examples may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, elements, and/or components described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic component, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.
  • a general- purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • a storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor.

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Abstract

Un système de matériel et de logiciel fournit un procédé systématique et systémique permettant d'effectuer une évaluation de l'efficacité de différents niveaux au sein d'une institution. Le système comprend des définitions dirigées par un modèle qui relient une multiplicité de tiers d'unités de fonctionnement agencées hiérarchiquement, dans une institution, de manière à fournir une flexibilité et une personnalisation permettant de manipuler un modèle, défini par l'utilisateur, de l'organisation de l'institution. Le système comprend une fonctionnalité import/export, une modélisation institutionnelle robuste, des initiatives de programme, des techniques d'établissement de curriculum, des liens d'attribution personnalisables, et des disséminations sélectives de documents.
EP06750154A 2005-04-12 2006-04-12 Procede et systeme permettant une evaluation dans une organisation multi-niveau Withdrawn EP1875420A4 (fr)

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US67096305P 2005-04-12 2005-04-12
US11/363,868 US8326659B2 (en) 2005-04-12 2006-02-27 Method and system for assessment within a multi-level organization
US11/398,240 US8340992B2 (en) 2005-04-12 2006-04-04 Method and system for an assessment initiative within a multi-level organization
US11/398,073 US8340991B2 (en) 2005-04-12 2006-04-04 Method and system for flexible modeling of a multi-level organization for purposes of assessment
PCT/US2006/014043 WO2006110892A2 (fr) 2005-04-12 2006-04-12 Procede et systeme permettant une evaluation dans une organisation multi-niveau

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CURTIS B ET AL: "People Capability Maturity Model (SM)" CAPABILITY MATURITY MODEL FOR SOFTWARE, XX, XX, 1 September 1995 (1995-09-01), XP003013147 *
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NZ581997A (en) 2011-07-29

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