EP1871865B1 - Lessive ou detergent - Google Patents

Lessive ou detergent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1871865B1
EP1871865B1 EP06723897A EP06723897A EP1871865B1 EP 1871865 B1 EP1871865 B1 EP 1871865B1 EP 06723897 A EP06723897 A EP 06723897A EP 06723897 A EP06723897 A EP 06723897A EP 1871865 B1 EP1871865 B1 EP 1871865B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
acid
washing
surfactant
cleaning agent
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EP06723897A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1871865A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Holderbaum
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Priority to PL06723897T priority Critical patent/PL1871865T3/pl
Publication of EP1871865A1 publication Critical patent/EP1871865A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C11D1/721—End blocked ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073—Tablets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/40—Dyes ; Pigments

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of detergents or cleaning agents, in particular the dosage units for detergents or cleaners.
  • Detergents or cleaners are now available to the consumer in a variety of forms.
  • this offer also includes, for example, detergent concentrates in the form of extruded or tabletted compositions.
  • These fixed, concentrated or compressed forms of supply are characterized by a reduced volume per dosing unit and thus reduce the costs for packaging and transport.
  • the washing or cleaning agent tablets additionally meet the consumer's desire for simple dosing.
  • the corresponding means are comprehensively described in the prior art.
  • compacted detergents or cleaners also have a number of disadvantages.
  • Especially tableted supply forms are often characterized by a delayed disintegration and thus a delayed release of their ingredients due to their high densification.
  • washing or cleaning agent standard bodies which continue to be characterized by improved storage and transport stability over conventional compositions with improved cleaning performance, but the disadvantages of compression or compaction should be avoided as far as possible.
  • This object has been achieved by washing or cleaning agent tablets containing a finely divided, surfactant-rich granules.
  • a first subject of the present application is therefore a washing or cleaning agent tablet made of a compressed particulate material, characterized in that the compressed particulate material comprises a particulate surfactant granules containing nonionic surfactants above 90 wt .-%, wherein the surfactant granules further contain 0.2 to 4 wt .-% of a silicate material and at least 70 wt .-% of the particles of this Tensidgranulats have a particle size between 100 microns and 1250 microns.
  • Another object of the present application is a surfactant granules containing from 0.2 to 4 wt .-% of a silicate material and having a content of nonionic surfactants above 90 wt .-%, characterized in that at least 7D wt .-% of the particles of the surfactant granules have a particle size between 100 microns and 1250 microns.
  • Detergent or detergent tablets and / or surfactant granules which contain nonionic surfactants and silicates are described, for example, in US Pat WO98 / 54281 and DE19957504 disclosed.
  • washing or cleaning agent tablets is carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art by compressing particulate starting substances.
  • the premix is compressed in a so-called matrix between two punches to form a solid compressed product.
  • This process hereinafter referred to as tabletting, is divided into four sections: dosing, compaction (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.
  • the tabletting is preferably carried out on so-called rotary presses.
  • Plastic coatings, plastic inserts or plastic stamps are particularly advantageous.
  • Rotary punches have also proved to be advantageous, wherein, if possible, upper and lower punches should be rotatable. With rotating punches can be dispensed with a plastic insert usually. Here, the stamp surfaces should be electropolished.
  • washing or cleaning agent tablets are obtained by pressing at compression pressures of from 0.01 to 50 kNcm -2 , preferably from 0.1 to 40 kNcm -2 and in particular from 1 to 25 kNcm -2 .
  • the washing or cleaning agent tablets according to the invention contain a high-surfactant-containing granules.
  • Surfactant granules having a content of nonionic surfactants above 90% by weight have proven to be particularly advantageous for the cleaning and rinsing action, as well as for the storage stability of the molded articles and the color stability of colored molded articles or molded article phases.
  • nonionic surfactants used with particular preference in the present application are listed below.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G the symbol is that which represents a glycose unit having 6 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
  • the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
  • nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.
  • the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
  • polyhydroxyl fatty acid amides of the formula R is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
  • the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C 1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.
  • [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
  • the surfactant granules in the detergent tablets according to the invention contain nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols.
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
  • alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
  • the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
  • the stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • ethoxylated nonionic surfactants consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6-20 alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 mol, preferably more than 15 mol and in particular more than 20 mol of ethylene oxide per mol Alcohol was used.
  • a particularly preferred nonionic surfactant is obtained from a straight-chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-20 alcohol), preferably a C 18 -alcohol and at least 12 mol, preferably at least 15 mol and especially at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide.
  • C 16-20 alcohol straight-chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
  • C 18 -alcohol preferably a C 18 -alcohol
  • at least 12 mol preferably at least 15 mol and especially at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide.
  • the so-called “narrow range ethoxylates” are particularly preferred.
  • surfactants are further used which contain one or more tallow fatty alcohols with 20 to 30 EO in combination with a silicone defoamer.
  • Nonionic surfactants which have a melting point above room temperature.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If nonionic surfactants are used which are highly viscous at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pa.s, preferably above 35 Pa.s and in particular above 40 Pa ⁇ s. Nonionic surfactants which have waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
  • Nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols are also used with particular preference.
  • the nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
  • such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, more preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from.
  • Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
  • the alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably constitutes more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.
  • Preferred agents are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic Make up surfactants.
  • surfactants come from the groups of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene ((PO / EO / PO) surfactants).
  • Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
  • More particularly preferred nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight. % of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.
  • nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units.
  • surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows.
  • nonionic surfactants of the general formula in which R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6-24- alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R 2 or R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the indices w, x, y, z independently stand for integers from 1 to 6.
  • the preferred nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R 1 -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide.
  • the radical R 1 in the above formula may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R 1 has an even number of carbon atoms and is usually unbranched, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred.
  • Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
  • nonionic surfactants in which R 1 in the above formula is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 Carbon atoms.
  • alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide.
  • R 2 or R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 or CH (CH 3 ) 2 are suitable.
  • nonionic surfactants having a C 9-15 alkyl group having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units.
  • These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.
  • R 1 is -CH (OH) CH 2 O- (AO) w - (A'O) x - (A "O) y - (A"'O) z -R 2 ,
  • R 1 and R 2 independently of one another represent a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 2-40 -alkyl or -alkenyl radical;
  • A, A ', A "and A"' independently represent a radical from the group -CH 2 CH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ), -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 , CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 2 -CH 3 );
  • w, x, y and z are values between 0.5 and 90, where x, y and / or z can also be 0 are preferred according to the invention.
  • end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants which are of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 in addition to a radical R 1 which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, furthermore a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R 2 having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where x is between 1 and 90, preferably between 40 and 80, and especially between 40 and 80.
  • nonionic surfactant of the general formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 .
  • R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms
  • R 2 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and x is 40 to 80.
  • a further preferred subject matter of the present application is therefore a washing or cleaning agent tablet of a compressed particulate material, characterized in that the compressed particulate material comprises a particulate surfactant granules containing nonionic surfactants of the general formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 , in which R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or Alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and x is between 1 and 90, preferably between 40 and 80 and especially between 40 and 60 in which the content of the surfactant granules in the nonionic surfactant of the above general formula is more than 90% by weight, the surfactant granules furthermore containing from 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of a silicate material and at least 70% by weight the particles of this surfactant granules have a particle size between
  • nonionic surfactants of the general formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 used in which R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and x is 10 to 30.
  • Detergents or cleaning tablets characterized in that the compressed particulate material at least one nonionic surfactant of the general formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 in which R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and x is 10 to 30 preferred according to the invention.
  • R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms
  • R 2 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and x is 10 to 30 preferred according to the invention.
  • the further nonionic surfactant of the general formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 mentioned under b) can be both part of the particulate mentioned under a) May be surfactant granules, but may also, and this variant is particularly preferably contained in a further, of the mentioned in a) different surfactant granules.
  • surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 , in which R 1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15.
  • nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 , in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5.
  • each R 3 in the above formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 may be different.
  • R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
  • R 3 H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred.
  • Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
  • each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x ⁇ 2.
  • the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18.
  • Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 16.
  • the stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Due to the manufacturing process, commercial products of the formulas mentioned are usually not made of an individual representative, but of mixtures, which may result in mean values for the C chain lengths as well as for the degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation and subsequently broken numbers.
  • nonionic surfactants can be used not only as individual substances, but also as surfactant mixtures of two, three, four or more surfactants.
  • Mixtures of surfactants are not mixtures of nonionic surfactants which fall in their entirety under one of the abovementioned general formulas, but rather mixtures which contain two, three, four or more nonionic surfactants which can be described by different general formulas ,
  • the content of preferred detergent or cleaner tablets according to the invention in the particulate surfactant granules described in this application is preferably between 1 and 20% by weight, preferably between 1 and 15% by weight and in particular between 1 and 10% by weight.
  • the content of detergents or cleaning agent tablets according to the invention of nonionic surfactants is preferably between 1 and 12% by weight. preferably between 1 and 10% by weight, more preferably between 2 and 8% by weight and in particular between 2 and 6% by weight.
  • the advantages of invention Subject to increase as the weight fraction of particle sizes decreases above 1250 ⁇ m.
  • Detergents or cleaning tablets characterized in that at least 76 wt .-%, preferably at least 80 wt .-%, preferably at least 85 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 90 wt .-% and in particular at least 90 wt .-% of the particles of the surfactant granules have a particle size below 1250 microns, are particularly preferred for this reason.
  • surfactant granules according to the invention, characterized in that at least 76% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight the particles of the surfactant granules have a particle size below 1260 microns.
  • small-particle surfactant granules having particle sizes below 100 ⁇ m have also proved disadvantageous for the advantageous effect of the surfactant granules according to the invention.
  • Detergent tablets according to the invention in which at least 80% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight of the particles of the surfactant granules have a particle size between 100 ⁇ m and 1250 ⁇ m are therefore particularly preferred.
  • Surfactant granules according to the invention characterized in that at least 80% by weight of the particles and in particular at least 90% by weight of the particles of the surfactant granules have a particle size between 100 ⁇ m and 1250 ⁇ m, are also preferred for the abovementioned reasons.
  • the surfactant granules according to the invention also contain a silicate material, particular preference being given to finely divided silicate materials such as amorphous and / or pyrogenic silica gels.
  • a silicate material such as amorphous and / or pyrogenic silica gels.
  • Powdering with fine surface treatment agents may be advantageous for the nature and physical properties of both the premix (storage, compression) and the final detergent tablets.
  • Fine particulate powdering agents are well known in the art, with mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts are used.
  • the premix is "powdered” with finely divided zeolite, with faujasite-type zeolites being preferred.
  • faujasite-type zeolite denotes all three zeolites which form the faujasite subgroup of the zaolithic structural group 4.
  • zeolite X it is thus also possible to use zeolite Y and faujasite and also mixtures of these compounds, the pure zeolite X being preferred.
  • washing and cleaning agent tablets which consist of a particulate premix containing granular components and subsequently admixed pulverulent substances are preferred, the or one of the subsequently admixed pulverulent components comprising a faujasite-type zeolite with particle sizes below 100 ⁇ m, preferably below 10 ⁇ m and in particular below 5 ⁇ m and makes up at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and in particular more than 1% by weight of the premix to be tabletted.
  • Detergent tablets according to the invention are characterized in that the surfactant granules contain from 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably from 1 to 3% by weight, of a silicate material.
  • Surfactant granules according to the invention are also characterized in that the surfactant granules contain 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 1 to 3% by weight, of a silicate material.
  • Inventive surfactant granules are distinguished from conventional surfactant granules by easier dyeability, higher color intensity and higher color homogeneity.
  • Preferred dyes the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and to light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the dye-containing agents such as textiles, glass, ceramics or plastic dishes do not stain them.
  • the colorants When choosing the colorant, it must be remembered that the colorants have a high storage stability and insensitivity to light as well as not too strong affinity for glass, ceramic or plastic dishes. At the same time, it should also be taken into account when choosing suitable colorants that colorants have different stabilities to the oxidation. In general, water-insoluble colorants are more stable to oxidation than water-soluble colorants. Depending on the solubility and thus also on the sensitivity to oxidation, the concentration of the colorant in the detergents or cleaners varies. In the case of readily water-soluble colorants, colorant concentrations in the range of a few 10 -2 to 10 -3 % by weight are typically selected. By contrast, in the case of the particularly preferred, but less readily water-soluble, pigment dyes due to their brilliance, the suitable concentration of the colorant in detergents or cleaners is typically about 10 -3 to 10 -4 % by weight.
  • Colorants are preferred which can be oxidatively destroyed in the washing process, as well as milkings thereof with suitable blue dyes, so-called blue toners. It has proved to be advantageous Use colorants that are soluble in water or at room temperature in liquid organic substances. Suitable examples are anionic colorants, for example anionic nitrosofarbstoffe.
  • Surfactant granules according to the invention which contain at least one dye, preferably in amounts of between 0.01 and 2% by weight, preferably between 0.02 and 1% by weight and in particular between 0.05 and 0.5% by weight just as preferred as washing or cleaning agent tablets according to the invention, characterized in that the compressed dish-shaped material, preferably the surfactant granules, further contains at least one dye.
  • the washing or cleaning agent tablets according to the invention are distinguished by improved storage and transport stability, by improved cleaning and rinsing performance, and furthermore by improved color action, in particular improved color brilliance and color homogeneity.
  • Another object of the present application is therefore the use of a surfactant granules according to the invention for the preparation of, preferably colored washing or cleaning agent tablets.
  • Claimed is also the use of surfactant granules according to the invention for increasing the stability of detergent tablets from a compressed particulate material.
  • the surfactant granules according to the invention and / or washing or cleaning agent tablets may contain further washing or cleaning-active substances.
  • washing or cleaning-active substances from the group of builders, surfactants, polymers, bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, glass corrosion inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, disintegration aids, fragrances and perfume carriers are used.
  • the builders include, in particular, the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and, where there are no ecological prejudices against their use, also the phosphates.
  • crystalline layer-form silicates of the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22, preferably from 1.9 to 4, where especially preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33, preferably from 0 to 20.
  • the crystalline layer-form silicates of the formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O are sold, for example, by the company Clariant GmbH (Germany) under the trade name Na-SKS.
  • silicates Na-SKS-1 (Na 2 Si 22 O 45 .xH 2 O, kenyaite), Na-SKS-2 (Na 2 Si) 4 O 29 .xH 2 O, magadiite), sodium SKS-3 (Na 2 SeO 17 ⁇ x H 2 O) or Na-SKS-4 (Na 2 Si 1 O 9 ⁇ x H 2 O, Makatite).
  • Particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention are crystalline phyllosilicates of the formula NaMSi x O 2x-1 .yH 2 O, in which x is 2.
  • both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicates are Na 2 Si 2 O 5 .yH 2 O and furthermore, above all, Na-SKS-5 ( ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ), Na-SKS-7 ( ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5, natrosilite), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi 2 O 5 ⁇ H 2 O), Na-SKS-10 (NaHSi 2 O 5 ⁇ 3 H 2 O, kanemite), Na-SKS-11 ( t-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ) and Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi 2 O 5 ), but especially Na-SKS-6 ( ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ).
  • Detergents or cleaning agents preferably contain a weight fraction of the crystalline layered silicate of the formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O of from 0.1 to 20% by weight of from 0.2 to 15% by weight and in particular of 0, 4 to 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of these agents.
  • amorphous sodium silicates with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which preferably delayed release and have secondary washing properties.
  • the dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying.
  • amorphous is understood to mean that the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays having a width of several degrees of diffraction angle ,
  • X-ray amorphous silicates are used whose silicate particles produce blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of the size of ten to a few hundred nm, with values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
  • Such X-ray amorphous silicates also have a dissolution delay compared to conventional water glasses. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.
  • the alkali metal phosphates with a particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), have the greatest importance in the washing and cleaning agent industry.
  • Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO 3 ) n and orthophosphoric H 3 PO 4 in addition to higher molecular weight representatives.
  • the phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to the cleaning performance.
  • phosphates are the pentasodium triphosphate, Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium tripolyphosphate) and the corresponding potassium salt pentapotassium triphosphate, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • the sodium potassium tripolyphosphates are also preferably used according to the invention.
  • phosphates are used as detergents or cleaning agents in the context of the present application
  • preferred agents comprise these phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), more preferably pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or pentasodium) Potassium tripolyphosphate), in amounts of from 5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 15 to 75% by weight, in particular from 20 to 70% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent.
  • alkali carriers are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the cited alkali metal silicates, alkali metal silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned substances, preference being given to using alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate for the purposes of this invention.
  • alkali metal carbonates in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate for the purposes of this invention.
  • a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate.
  • a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate.
  • the alkali metal hydroxides are preferably only in small amounts, preferably in amounts below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 6 wt .-%, more preferably below 4 wt .-% and in particular below 2 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent used.
  • Particularly preferred are agents which, based on their total weight, contain less than 0.5% by weight and in particular no alkali metal hydroxides.
  • organic co-builders are polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
  • Useful organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of the free acid and / or their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
  • the free acids also typically have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners.
  • citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.
  • polymeric polycarboxylates for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of from 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
  • the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.
  • Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
  • copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
  • Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
  • the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
  • the content of detergents or cleaners to (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 3 to 10 wt .-%.
  • the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.
  • biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units for example those which contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives ,
  • copolymers are those which preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
  • polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursors. Particular preference is given to polyaspartic acids or their salts.
  • polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
  • Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
  • dextrins for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
  • the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes.
  • it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
  • a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 is preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 , is.
  • DE dextrose equivalent
  • oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
  • Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates are other suitable co-builders.
  • ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
  • glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts are in zeolithissen and / or silicate-containing formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.
  • organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
  • the group of surfactants includes nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants.
  • anionic surfactants are part of automatic dishwasher detergents, their content, based on the total weight of the compositions, is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight and very particularly preferably less than 1% by weight. Machine dishwashing detergents which do not contain anionic surfactants are particularly preferred.
  • the content of cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants is preferably less than 6% by weight, preferably less than 4% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 2% by weight and in particular less than 1% by weight.
  • Automatic dishwashing detergents containing no cationic or amphoteric surfactants are particularly preferred.
  • the group of polymers includes, in particular, the washing or cleaning-active polymers, for example the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners.
  • the washing or cleaning-active polymers for example the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners.
  • cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers can be used in detergents or cleaners in addition to nonionic polymers.
  • “Cationic polymers” in the context of the present invention are polymers which carry a positive charge in the polymer molecule. This can be realized, for example, by (alkyl) ammonium groups or other positively charged groups present in the polymer chain.
  • Particularly preferred cationic polymers come from the groups of quaternized cellulose derivatives, the polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, the cationic guar derivatives, the polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives of dialkylamino and methacrylates, the vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolinium chloride copolymers, the quaternized polyvinyl alcohols or the polymers specified under the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium 27.
  • amphoteric polymers further comprise, in addition to a positively charged group in the polymer chain, also negatively charged groups or monomer units. These groups may be, for example, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
  • particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain as monomer unit a compound of the general formula in which R 1 and R 4 are each independently H or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 2 and R 3 are independently an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aminoalkyl group in which the alkyl group is linear or branched and has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl group; x and y independently represent integers between 1 and 3.
  • X- represents a counterion, preferably a counterion from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, methosulfate, lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), cumene sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phosphate, citrate, formate, acetate or mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred radicals R 1 and R 4 in the above formula are selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -OH , -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH) -CH 2 -CH 3 , and - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n H.
  • cationic or amphoteric polymers contain a monomer unit of the general formula in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently of one another represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl radical selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH) -CH 2 -CH 3 . and - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n H and x is an integer between 1 and 6.
  • amphoteric polymers have not only cationic groups but also anionic groups or monomer units.
  • anionic monomer units are derived, for example, from the group of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated carboxylates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated phosphonates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfates or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfonates.
  • Preferred monomer units are acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, (dimethyl) acrylic acid, (ethyl) acrylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, vinylessingic acid, allylacetic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid and its derivatives, allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid or the allylphosphonic acids.
  • Preferred employable amphoteric polymers are from the group of the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / alkymethacrylate / alkylaminoethylmethacrylate / alkylmethacrylate copolymers and the copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further ionic or nonionogenic mono
  • Preferred zwitterionic polymers are from the group of acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, the acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts and the Methacroylethylbetain / methacrylate copolymers.
  • amphoteric polymers which comprise, in addition to one or more anionic monomers as cationic monomers Methacrylamidoalkyl-trialkylammonium chloride and dimethyl (diallyl) -ammonium chloride.
  • amphoteric polymers are selected from the group consisting of the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
  • amphoteric polymers from the group of the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth ) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
  • Detergents or cleaning agents contain the aforementioned cationic and / or amphoteric polymers preferably in amounts of between 0.01 and 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent.
  • Effective polymers as softeners are, for example, the sulfonic acid-containing polymers which are used with particular preference.
  • sulfonic acid-containing polymers are copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid-containing monomers and optionally other ionic or nonionic monomers.
  • R 1 (R 2 ) C C (R 3 ) COOH in which R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H, -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, NH 2 , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals or -COOH or -COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Particularly preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 3 Methacrylamido-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide and water-soluble salts of said acids.
  • Particularly suitable other ionic or nonionic monomers are ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
  • the content of the polymers used in these other ionic or nonionic monomers is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer.
  • the copolymers may contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and, if appropriate, iii) in varying amounts, it being possible for all representatives from group i) to be combined with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii).
  • Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.
  • copolymers which are structural units of the formula are preferred - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y.
  • These polymers are prepared by copolymerization of acrylic acid with a sulfonic acid-containing acrylic acid derivative.
  • acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained whose use is likewise preferred.
  • Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized completely analogously with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed.
  • copolymers which are structural units of the formula - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y.
  • maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i).
  • copolymers which contain structural units of the formula - [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) OY-SO 3 H] p - in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y.
  • the sulfonic acid groups may be wholly or partially in neutralized form, i. the acidic acid of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups can be exchanged for metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
  • metal ions preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
  • partially or fully neutralized sulfonic acid-containing copolymers is preferred according to the invention.
  • the monomer distribution of the copolymers preferably used according to the invention in the case of copolymers which contain only monomers from groups i) and ii) is preferably in each case from 5 to 95% by weight i) or ii), particularly preferably from 50 to 90% by weight monomer from group i) and from 10 to 50% by weight of monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.
  • terpolymers particular preference is given to those containing from 20 to 85% by weight of monomer from group i), from 10 to 60% by weight of monomer from group ii) and from 5 to 30% by weight of monomer from group iii).
  • the molar mass of the sulfo copolymers preferably used according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the desired end use.
  • Preferred washing or cleaning agents are characterized in that the copolymers have molar masses of 2000 to 200,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol -1 and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol -1 .
  • the bleaching agents are a particularly preferred washing or cleaning substance.
  • sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
  • Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -forming peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
  • bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used.
  • Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
  • Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids.
  • Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [phthaliminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)] .
  • PAP phthaliminoperoxyhexanoic acid
  • o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinates
  • aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacic acid, diperoxybrassic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid , N, N-Terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronate) can be used.
  • chlorine or bromine releasing substances can be used.
  • suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials are, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or salts thereof with cations such as potassium and sodium.
  • DICA dichloroisocyanuric acid
  • Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.
  • detergents or cleaners which contain from 1 to 35% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 3.5 to 20% by weight and in particular from 5 to 15% by weight of bleach, preferably sodium percarbonate.
  • the active oxygen content of the washing or cleaning agents, in particular the automatic dishwashing agents in each case based on the total weight of the composition, preferably between 0.4 and 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 8 wt .-% and in particular between 0.6 and 5 wt .-%.
  • Particularly preferred compositions have an active oxygen content above 0.3 wt .-%, preferably above 0.7 wt .-%, more preferably above 0.8 wt .-% and in particular above 1.0 wt .-% to.
  • Bleach activators are used in laundry detergents or cleaners, for example, to achieve an improved bleaching effect when cleaned at temperatures of 60 ° C and below.
  • As bleach activators it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
  • Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
  • polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy- 2,5-dihydrofuran.
  • TAED tetraacet
  • Further bleach activators preferably used in the context of the present application are compounds from the group of cationic nitriles, in particular cationic nitriles of the formula in the R 1 is -H, -CH 3 , a C 2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical, a substituted C 2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical having at least one substituent from the group -Cl, -Br, - OH, -NH 2 , -CN, an alkyl or alkenylaryl radical having a C 1-24 -alkyl group, or represents a substituted alkyl or alkenylaryl radical having a C 1-24 -alkyl group and at least one further substituent on the aromatic ring, R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 -CN, -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -
  • bleach activators it is also possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
  • Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
  • polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacetoxy- 2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morph
  • bleach activators preference is given to bleach activators from the group of the polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (US Pat.
  • TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • N-acylimides in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI)
  • acylated phenolsulfonates in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
  • n- or iso-NOBS n- or iso-NOBS
  • n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA) preferably in amounts of up to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, especially 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the bleach activator-containing agents used.
  • bleach catalysts can also be used.
  • These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes.
  • Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
  • Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular having the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably cobalt (ammine) Complexes of the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount up to 5 wt .-%, in particular of 0.0025 wt % to 1 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 0.01 wt .-% to 0.25 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the bleach activator-containing agents used. But in special cases, more bleach activator can be used.
  • detergents or cleaners enzymes can be used. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaners, which are preferably used accordingly.
  • Detergents or cleaning agents contain enzymes preferably in total amounts of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 to 5 wt .-% based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.
  • subtilisin type those of the subtilisin type are preferable.
  • these are the subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg and their further developed forms, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase which can no longer be assigned to the subtilisins in the narrower sense, Proteinase K and the proteases TW3 and TW7.
  • amylases which can be used according to the invention are the ⁇ -amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from B. amyloliquefaciens, from B. stearothermophilus, from Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae as well as the further developments of the abovementioned amylases which are improved for use in detergents and cleaners. Furthermore, for this purpose, the ⁇ -amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from B. agaradherens (DSM 9948).
  • a protein and / or enzyme may be particularly protected during storage against damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
  • damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
  • inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, especially if the agents also contain proteases.
  • Detergents may contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such means constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Glass corrosion inhibitors prevent the occurrence of haze, streaks and scratches, but also iridescence of the glass surface of machine-cleaned glasses.
  • Preferred glass corrosion inhibitors come from the group of magnesium and / or zinc salts and / or magnesium and / or zinc complexes.
  • the spectrum of the invention preferred zinc salts, preferably organic acids, particularly preferably organic carboxylic acids, ranging from salts which are difficult or insoluble in water, ie a solubility below 100 mg / l, preferably below 10 mg / l, in particular below 0.01 have mg / l, to those salts which have a solubility in water above 100 mg / l, preferably above 500 mg / l, more preferably above 1 g / l and in particular above 5 g / l (all solubilities at 20 ° C. water temperature).
  • the first group of zinc salts includes, for example, zinc citrate, zinc oleate and zinc stearate
  • the group of soluble zinc salts includes, for example, zinc formate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and zinc gluconate.
  • the glass corrosion inhibitor used is at least one zinc salt of an organic carboxylic acid, more preferably a zinc salt from the group zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and / or zinc citrate.
  • Zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate and zinc oxalate are also preferred.
  • the content of cleaning agents to zinc salt is preferably between 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably between 0.2 to 4 wt .-% and in particular between 0.4 to 3 wt .-%, or the content of zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn 2+ ) is between 0.01 and 1% by weight, preferably between 0.02 and 0.5% by weight and in particular between 0.04 and 0.2% by weight. -%, in each case based on the total weight of the glass corrosion inhibitor-containing agent.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Pastille d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage constituée par une matière particulaire comprimée, caractérisée en ce que la matière particulaire comprimée comprend un produit de granulation tensioactif particulaire dont la teneur en agents tensioactifs non ioniques est supérieure à 90 % en poids, le produit de granulation tensioactif contenant en outre de 0,2 à 4 % en poids d'une matière de silicate et au moins 70 % en poids des particules de ce produit de granulation tensioactif présentant une granulométrie entre 100 µm et 1250 µm.
  2. Pastille d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins 75 % en poids, de préférence au moins 80 % en poids, de manière préférée au moins 85 % en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée au moins 90 % en poids et en particulier au moins 90 % en poids des particules du produit de granulation tensioactif présentent une granulométrie inférieure à 1250 µm.
  3. Pastille d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins 80 % en poids et en particulier au moins 90 % en poids des particules du produit de granulation tensioactif présentent une granulométrie entre 100 µm et 1250 µm.
  4. Pastille d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le produit de granulation tensioactif contient une matière de silicate à raison de 1 à 3 % en poids.
  5. Pastille d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le produit de granulation tensioactif contient au moins un agent tensioactif non ionique répondant à la formule générale

            R1O[CH2CH2O]xCH2CH(OH)R2

    dans laquelle R1 représente un radical alkyle et/ou alcényle linéaire ou ramifié contenant de 4 à 22 atomes de carbone, R2 représente un radical alkyle et/ou alcényle linéaire ou ramifié contenant de 2 à 22 atomes de carbone et x s'élève de 40 à 80.
  6. Pastille d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la matière particulaire comprimée contient au moins un agent tensioactif non ionique répondant à la formule générale

            R1O[CH2CH2O]xCH2CH(OH)R2

    dans laquelle R1 représente un radical alkyle et/ou alcényle linéaire ou ramifié contenant de 4 à 22 atomes de carbone, R2 représente un radical alkyle et/ou alcényle linéaire ou ramifié contenant de 2 à 22 atomes de carbone et x s'élève de 10 à 30.
  7. Pastille d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la matière particulaire comprimée contient en outre au moins un colorant.
  8. Produit de granulation tensioactif possédant une teneur en une matière de silicate s'élevant de 0,2 à 4 % en poids ainsi qu'une teneur en agents tensioactifs non ioniques supérieure à 90 % en poids, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins 70 % en poids des particules du produit de granulation tensioactif présentent une granulométrie entre 100 µm et 1250 µm.
  9. Produit de granulation tensioactif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins 75 % en poids, de préférence au moins 80 % en poids, de manière préférée au moins 85 % en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée au moins 90 % en poids et en particulier au moins 90 % en poids des particules du produit de granulation tensioactif présentent une granulométrie inférieure à 1250 µm.
  10. Produit de granulation tensioactif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins 80 % en poids des particules et en particulier au moins 90 % en poids des particules du produit de granulation tensioactif présentent une granulométrie entre 100 µm et 1250 µm.
  11. Produit de granulation tensioactif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le produit de granulation tensioactif contient une matière de silicate à raison de 1 à 3 % en poids.
  12. Utilisation d'un produit de granulation tensioactif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, pour la fabrication de pastilles colorées d'agents de lavage ou de nettoyage.
  13. Utilisation d'un produit de granulation tensioactif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, pour augmenter la stabilité de pastilles d'agents de lavage ou de nettoyage constituées d'une matière particulaire comprimée.
EP06723897A 2005-04-22 2006-03-31 Lessive ou detergent Active EP1871865B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06723897T PL1871865T3 (pl) 2005-04-22 2006-03-31 Środki piorące lub czyszczące

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005018925A DE102005018925A1 (de) 2005-04-22 2005-04-22 Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel
PCT/EP2006/002936 WO2006111260A1 (fr) 2005-04-22 2006-03-31 Lessive ou detergent

Publications (2)

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EP1871865A1 EP1871865A1 (fr) 2008-01-02
EP1871865B1 true EP1871865B1 (fr) 2011-10-05

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EP06723897A Active EP1871865B1 (fr) 2005-04-22 2006-03-31 Lessive ou detergent

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US (1) US20090137449A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1871865B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE527336T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005018925A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2372303T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL1871865T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006111260A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9611451B2 (en) * 2012-09-06 2017-04-04 John Moore Metal-safe solid form aqueous-based compositions and methods to remove polymeric materials in electronics manufacturing
EP3663384A1 (fr) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Additif de lavage d'adoucissement du linge particulaire
EP3663385A1 (fr) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Additif de lavage d'adoucissement du linge particulaire

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769222A (en) * 1971-02-09 1973-10-30 Colgate Palmolive Co Free flowing nonionic surfactants
US3920586A (en) * 1972-10-16 1975-11-18 Procter & Gamble Detergent compositions
CA1111736A (fr) * 1977-05-31 1981-11-03 Enrique C. Robles Methode de fabrication de paillettes detergentes colorees
US4881975A (en) * 1986-12-23 1989-11-21 Albright & Wilson Limited Products for treating surfaces
GB8718987D0 (en) * 1987-08-11 1987-09-16 Unilever Plc Agglomerated abrasive material
US5605883A (en) * 1993-02-24 1997-02-25 Iliff; Robert J. Agglomerated colorant speckle exhibiting reduced colorant spotting
ES2140498T3 (es) * 1993-09-13 2000-03-01 Procter & Gamble Composiciones detergentes granulares que comprenden un tensioactivo no ionico y procedimiento para preparar tales composiciones.
JP3008166B2 (ja) * 1995-11-02 2000-02-14 花王株式会社 洗剤粒子及び粒状洗剤組成物
GB9711353D0 (en) * 1997-05-30 1997-07-30 Unilever Plc Nonionic surfactant containing granular composition and detergent compositions containing it
GB9826097D0 (en) * 1998-11-27 1999-01-20 Unilever Plc Detergent compositions
DE19957504A1 (de) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-01 Henkel Kgaa Reinigungsmittelkomponente
DE19962886A1 (de) * 1999-12-24 2001-07-05 Cognis Deutschland Gmbh Tensidgranulate mit verbesserter Auflösegeschwindigkeit
DE19962883A1 (de) * 1999-12-24 2001-07-12 Cognis Deutschland Gmbh Waschmitteltabletten
DE10018812A1 (de) * 2000-04-15 2001-10-25 Cognis Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von nichtionischen Tensidgranulaten
DE10163281A1 (de) * 2001-12-21 2003-07-03 Cognis Deutschland Gmbh Wasch- und reinigungsaktive Zubereitungen, enthaltend feste granuläre nichtion ische Tenside
EP1352951A1 (fr) * 2002-04-11 2003-10-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Granulé détergent comprenant un tensioactif nonionique et une hydrotrope
US6821941B2 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-11-23 Isp Investments Inc. Tablet of compacted particulated cleaning composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2372303T3 (es) 2012-01-18
ATE527336T1 (de) 2011-10-15
PL1871865T3 (pl) 2012-03-30
WO2006111260A1 (fr) 2006-10-26
EP1871865A1 (fr) 2008-01-02
US20090137449A1 (en) 2009-05-28
DE102005018925A1 (de) 2006-10-26

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