EP1865576B1 - Dualpolarisierte Antenne für eine Basisstation eines Mobilfunksystems mit einstellbarer Strahlungskeulenbreite - Google Patents

Dualpolarisierte Antenne für eine Basisstation eines Mobilfunksystems mit einstellbarer Strahlungskeulenbreite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1865576B1
EP1865576B1 EP20060300564 EP06300564A EP1865576B1 EP 1865576 B1 EP1865576 B1 EP 1865576B1 EP 20060300564 EP20060300564 EP 20060300564 EP 06300564 A EP06300564 A EP 06300564A EP 1865576 B1 EP1865576 B1 EP 1865576B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating elements
dual
polar
radiating
antenna
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP20060300564
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1865576A1 (de
Inventor
Anthony Pallone
Eric Proteau
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Jaybeam Wireless SAS
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Jaybeam Wireless SAS
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Priority to EP20060300564 priority Critical patent/EP1865576B1/de
Priority to ES06300564.9T priority patent/ES2544564T3/es
Priority to PCT/EP2007/055538 priority patent/WO2007141281A1/en
Publication of EP1865576A1 publication Critical patent/EP1865576A1/de
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Publication of EP1865576B1 publication Critical patent/EP1865576B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a dual-polar antenna for base station of mobile radio systems with adjustable azimuth beamwidth.
  • Base stations are typically equipped with several transmit-receive antennas which cover sectors of terrain surrounding the base station.
  • An important consideration in determining the necessary capacity of a base station is the number and angular width of these sectors. It is common for each base station to be equipped with multiple antennas connected to radio transmitters and receivers, each antenna having an azimuth half-power (3dB) beamwidth of between 65 degrees and 90 degrees.
  • the capacity of a base station can be less than the theoretical maximum if regularly arranged sectors of coverage are used in locations in which the distribution of users is non-uniform, or in non-uniform land.
  • CDMA code-division multiple access
  • Mobile radio base stations are often equipped with antennas providing for the transmission and reception of two separate radio signals, each signal being linearly polarized and having planes of polarization inclined nominally ⁇ 45 degrees relative to the vertical plane. Such signals are polarized mutually at right angles and their use facilitates the achievement of polarization diversity (" Polarization diversity antennas for compact base stations » Microwave Journal, January 2000, Volume 43, No 1, pp 76 - 88 ).
  • the transmission or reception of signals with the described polarization requires the use of antenna radiating elements capable of transmitting and receiving signals with these polarizations.
  • An antenna array such as described in the cited article would typically be expected to comprise an alignment of identical radiating elements.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 of the present application are representative of antennas.
  • Figure 1 shows configuration of a base station antenna, in which a single vertical column comprising between 4 and 16 radiating elements 1 in the vertical plane is mounted in front of a conductive surface 2 which acts as a reflector, creating a unidirectional beam in the direction of the arrow 3 typically in or close to the horizontal plane.
  • Figure 2 shows a configuration of a base station antenna comprising multiple vertical columns of radiating elements.
  • Each of the radiating elements 1 comprises a crossed dipole, patch or other configuration chosen to provide the required characteristics of azimuth beamwidth, impedance match and polarization.
  • the azimuth beamwidth of simple radiating elements including patches and crossed-dipoles can be modified by the use of a suitably shaped reflecting screen behind the elements, the shaping of the edges of the screen, the provision of slots in the edges of the screen, or by the use of slots in additional suitably placed passive parasitic elements.
  • Such parasitic elements radiate by virtue of currents induced in them by the fields created by the nearby actively excited elements of the antenna.
  • the extent of control of the radiation pattern by the use of parasitic elements is limited by the frequency bandwidth over which the antenna is required to operate. As the frequency changes the amplitude and phases of the currents in the parasitic elements, the radiation pattern of the driven element combined with its associated parasitic elements changes in consequence.
  • a wide, stable and adjustable azimuth beamwidth can be obtained by the use of a plurality of radiating elements in which the relative amplitudes of the signals fed to each element are fixed at a suitable value and the relative phases of the signals are varied.
  • the phase of each radiating element can be adjusted independently.
  • an antenna suitable for use at a mobile radio base station would comprise an array of n radiating elements wide in the horizontal plane (where n has a typical value of 3) and m radiating elements in the vertical plane where m has a value chosen according to the total gain required from the antenna, typically between 4 and 16 radiating elements, as shown in figure 2 .
  • Each group of n radiating elements 1 disposed in the horizontal plane is typically identical in configuration.
  • each radiating element 1 is typically designed to support radiating currents having each of the radiated polarizations.
  • a full feed network with n x m branches is necessary for each of the two radiated polarizations.
  • This configuration provides a complex antenna array of identical dual-polar radiating elements together with separate power division networks and phase shifters associated with each polarization.
  • the invention concerns a dual-polar antenna for base station of mobile radio systems with adjustable azimuth beamwidth as set forth in claim 1.
  • the dual-polar antenna of the invention comprises:
  • the present invention also concerns the characteristics below, considered individually or in all their technical possible combinations:
  • FIG 3 represents an antenna arrangement according to prior art.
  • This antenna arrangement comprises an inner group of radiating elements 100 and two outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102.
  • Each group of radiating elements 100, 101, 102 comprises a dual-polar radiating element.
  • the group of radiating elements 100, 101, 102 are fed through two power division networks 17, associated with the +45° and -45° polarizations respectively.
  • the radiating elements 100, 101, 102 are aligned horizontally.
  • Each polarization access of the radiating elements 100, 101, 102 is fed through a single power division network 17.
  • Two variable phase shifters 15 are connected to the inner group of radiating elements 100 and the power division networks 17. Each phase shifter 15 is associated with a single polarization (-45° or +45°). The beamwidth of the antenna is controlled by the choice of the power division ratio provided by the power division networks 17 and the phase shift provided by the phase shifters 15. It is usual that the two polarizations have the same beamwidth and the two phase shifters 15 are varied identically.
  • the two power division networks 17 comprise three branches for each of the two radiated polarizations.
  • This configuration provides a complex and costly antenna with separate power division networks and phase shifters associated with each polarization.
  • the polarization characteristics of the outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102 are not critical.
  • the antenna comprises a set of radiating elements 30 aligned horizontally.
  • the antenna can comprise several sets of radiating elements 30.
  • Each set of radiating elements 30 includes an inner group of radiating elements 100 and two outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102.
  • the inner group of radiating elements 100 is a central group of radiating elements 100.
  • the inner group of radiating elements 100 comprises radiating elements capable of radiating and/or receiving two nominally orthogonally polarized signals.
  • Nominally means that the signals have planes of polarization inclined nominally ⁇ 45 degrees relative to the vertical plane.
  • the two nominally orthogonally polarized signals can be linear, circular or elliptical.
  • the signals can be nominally vertically polarized signals, nominally horizontally polarized signals or nominally circularly polarized signals.
  • the outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102 comprise radiating elements capable of radiating and/or receiving signals with a single polarization.
  • each of the two outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102 comprises a single radiating element which is a vertically-polarized radiating element laterally disposed relative to the inner group of radiating elements 100.
  • the inner group of radiating elements 100 comprises a single dual-polar radiating element.
  • This dual-polar radiating element can be a crossed-dipole radiating element or a patch radiating element.
  • Each outer group of radiating elements 101, 102 is excited by means of a single power division network 200 with currents of a chosen amplitudes and phases relative to the currents in the dual-polar radiating element of the inner group of radiating elements 100 such that the radiation pattern in the plane containing the groups of radiating elements 100, 101, 102 is modified to provide a chosen 3-dB beamwidth in that plane.
  • the inner group of radiating elements 100 comprises at least two input ports 110, 111, each input 110, 111 of the inner group of radiating elements 100 is connected to one output 211, 212 of the power division network 200.
  • the dual-polar element of the inner group of radiating elements 100 provides transmission on two orthogonal linear polarizations with polarization planes of +45° and -45° respectively.
  • the signals fed to the outer vertically polarized group of radiating elements 101, 102 are required to contain power from both the transmissions made by the inner dual-polar group of radiating elements 100.
  • the power division network 200 comprising two inputs 240, 241, each connected to one of the input polarized signals (+45° or -45°).
  • the power division network 200 comprises two outputs 221, 222 each connected to one of the vertically polarized outer group of radiating elements 101, 102.
  • the signals provided at outputs 221, 222 comprise low level signals derived from both of the inputs 240, 241.
  • the antenna can comprise several variable phase shifters 15.
  • the antenna comprises two variable phase shifters 15.
  • Each variable phase shifter 15 is connected to one of the two input ports 110, 111 of the inner group of radiating elements 100 and to one of the outputs 221, 222 of the power division network 200, allowing adjusting the azimuth beamwidth.
  • Figure 5 provides details of a possible embodiment of the invention in which the power division network 200 is a coupling network 230.
  • the coupling network 230 comprises two transmission lines 231, 232, each of the transmission lines being connected between one of the input ports 110, 111 of the inner group of radiating elements 100 and one of the input ports 240, 241 of the coupling network 230, respectively.
  • the coupling network 230 comprises a coupling line 233 having a portion 233a inductively coupled to a portion 231a, 232a of each of the transmission lines 231, 232 of the coupling network 230.
  • the coupling line 233 comprises on one side, a first unconnected end 234 and on the other side, a second end connected to two output lines 112, 113 thereby forming a Tee-junction 235.
  • Each output line 112, 113 is connected to one of the outer radiating elements 101, 102 respectively.
  • the coupling network 230 can optionally be constructed using any form of radio-frequency transmission line including microstrip lines, striplines or coaxial transmission lines.
  • the inner group of radiating elements 100 is a cross polar radiator 100, comprising a crossed dipole, or a dual-polar patch radiating element in which the signals to be radiated with polarizations +45-deg and -45-degrees are connected to one of the two input ports 110, 111 of the inner group of radiating elements 100, respectively.
  • the unconnected end 234 of the coupling line 233 can be left open-circuit as shown or can be connected to ground via a resistive terminating load.
  • the disposition of the portions 231a, 232a, 233a of the transmission lines 231, 232 and coupling line 233 ensures that a small amount of power from each of portion 231 a, 232a of the transmission lines 231, 232 is coupled to the portion 233a of the coupling line 233 but a negligible amount of power is directly coupled between the transmission lines 231 and 232.
  • the coupling between portions of the transmission lines 231, 232 and the coupling line 233 is chosen such that after passing through the Tee junction 235, the power supplying the outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102 is sufficient to provide the chosen radiation pattern from the antenna.
  • the total relative lengths of the respective portions of the transmission lines 231, 232 and coupling line 233 are chosen such that the radiating signals in each of the radiating elements have an appropriate phase relationship to create the required radiation pattern from the antenna.
  • the phase of the inner groups of radiating elements 100 can be fixed relative to that in the outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102, creating a chosen fixed azimuth beamwidth.
  • the azimuth beamwidth can be made variable by the mean of two variable phase shifters 15 connected between the coupling network 230 and the inner group of radiating elements 100. But from the design of this type of coupler 230, it is advantageous to use a unique variable phase shifter 15 within the coupling line 233 and connected to an input end 236 of the portion 233a of coupling line 233 and the Tee junction 235.
  • the azimuth beamwidth can be adjusted to a chosen value within the range provided by the configuration.
  • the low relative power level required in the outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102 in order to provide a substantial change in the beamwidth compared with that from the single dual-polar radiating element of the inner group of radiating element 100 ensures that the presence of the vertically-polarized outer groups of radiating elements 101, 102 has little effect on the polarization of the signal radiated by the dual-polar radiating element of the inner group of radiating element 100.
  • the negligible coupling between the transmission lines 231 and 232 ensures that the isolation between the input ports 241, 242 is very little reduced by the presence of the coupling network 230.
  • the performance of the antenna of three radiating elements 100, 101, 102 is very similar to that of an antenna comprising only an isolated dual-polar radiating element, but the composite beamwidth is modified.
  • the performance of the configuration shown in Figure 5 is very close to that provided by the more complex arrangement shown in Figure 3 , according to cited prior art, but its cost is reduced and its reliability is increased.
  • the beamwidths achievable by the means described, according to the invention range from 65° to 100° according to the choice of complex coupling coefficients between the transmission lines 231, 232 and the coupling line 233.
  • the antenna arrangement has essentially constant performance over a wide operating frequency band, for example, between 1710 and 2170MHz as shown in Figures 6a and 6b .
  • Figures 6a and 6b illustrate the adjustable azimuth half-power (3db) beamwidth, in the horizontal plane, of an arrangement as described according to the invention and cited prior art, over the frequency band 1710 - 2170MHz and for the minimum 3 ( Figures 6a ) and maximum 4 ( Figures 6b ) beamwidths available from a realisation.
  • the azimuth half-power (3db) beamwidth 3, 4 can be adjusted when varying the phase with the phase shifter 15.
  • the antenna can comprise no phase shifter. In this case, the azimuth half-power (3db) beamwidth can not be adjusted.
  • the above description of the invention relates to the simplest realisation in which a single dual-polar radiating element is associated with two outer radiating elements laterally disposed relative to the direction of maximum radiation.
  • the inner group of radiating elements 100 and the outer group of radiating elements 101, 102 can comprise several radiating elements.
  • the dual-polar antenna comprises a plurality of set of radiating elements 30 aligned in the vertical plane, forming an antenna array.
  • This antenna array comprises n radiating elements wide in the horizontal plane (where n has a typical value of 3) and m sets of radiating elements 30 in the vertical plane where m has a value chosen according to the total gain required from the antenna, typically between 4 and 16 sets of radiating elements 30.
  • This antenna array comprises m coupling networks 230 connected to each of the m sets of radiating elements 30.
  • Each set of radiating elements 30 could be set to the same azimuth beamwidth value. To vary the azimuth beamwidth of this antenna, it is possible, in a particular embodiment, to couple all the phase shifters 15 together and simultaneously. It is possible to actuate them manually or remotely from the antenna.
  • Each variable phase shifter 15 can comprise a control device.
  • Each control device is connected to a bus.
  • the bus is linked to a central unit from where signals corresponding to a selected azimuth beamwidth are transmitted to each variable phase shifter 15.
  • the azimuth beamwidth can be controlled with the central unit wherein selected azimuth beamwidth are stored. It can be controlled remotely from the antenna.
  • variable phase shifters 15 could receive commands from a data communication means provided by wire transmission or wireless transmission in order to remotely change the azimuth beamwidth of the antenna from a location far from the antenna.
  • the radiation patterns, beamwidths, gains and efficiency of the antenna are identical whether it is transmitting or/and receiving a radio signal.
  • the example of a transmitting antenna is used and it is to be understood that in accordance with the said Principle of Reciprocity all aspects of the operation and performance of the arrangement can correspondingly be described in terms of a receiving antenna.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dual-polare Antenne für eine Basisstation von Mobilfunksystemen mit einstellbarer Azimut-Strahlbreite, umfassend:
    - mindestens ein Satz von Strahlungselementen (30), umfassend:
    ∘ eine innere Gruppe von Strahlungselementen (100), die mindestens zwei Eingangskanäle (110, 111) aufweisen, und
    ∘ zwei äußere Gruppen von Strahlungselementen (101, 102),
    - die innere Gruppe von Strahlungselementen (100) besteht aus Strahlungselementen, die zwei nominal orthogonal polarisierte Signale abstrahlen und/oder empfangen können,
    - die äußeren Gruppen von Strahlungselementen (101, 102) bestehen aus Strahlungselementen, die Signale mit einer einzelnen Polarisierung abstrahlen und/oder empfangen können,
    - wobei die Dual-polare Antenne ein Einzelstromnetz (200) umfasst, das die inneren (100) und äußeren (101, 102) Gruppen von Strahlungselementen versorgt, wobei das Einzelstromnetz (200) zwei Eingänge (240, 241) umfasst, einen für jedes der polarisierten Eingangssignale, zwei Ausgänge (211, 212), die entsprechend mit den zwei Eingangskanälen (110, 111) der inneren Gruppe von Strahlungselementen (100) verbunden sind, zwei Ausgänge (221, 222), die jeweils mit einer der äußeren Gruppen von Strahlungselementen (101, 102) verbunden sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - das Stromnetz (200) ein Koppelnetzwerk (230) ist, das umfasst:
    - zwei Übertragungsleitungen (231, 232), wobei jede der Übertragungsleitungen zwischen einem der Eingangskanäle (110, 111) der inneren Gruppe von Strahlungselementen (100) und einem der Eingangskanäle (240, 241) des Koppelnetzwerks (230), verbunden ist,
    - eine Koppelleitung (233), die einen Abschnitt (233a) aufweist, der induktiv mit einem Abschnitt (231a, 232a) von jeder der Übertragungsleitungen (231, 232) des Koppelnetzwerks (230) gekoppelt ist, wobei die Koppelleitung (233) auf einer Seite ein erstes nicht verbundenes Ende (234) umfasst und auf der anderen Seite ein zweites Ende, das mit zwei Ausgangsleitungen (112, 113) verbunden ist, und dadurch eine T-Verzweigung (235) bildet, wobei jede Ausgangsleitung (112, 113) entsprechend mit einer der äußeren Gruppen von Strahlungselementen (101, 102) verbunden ist, und ein einzelner variabler Phasenschieber (15) innerhalb der Koppelleitung (233), der mit einer Eingangsseite (236) des induktiv gekoppelten Abschnitts (233a) der Koppelleitung (233) und der T-Verzweigung (235) verbunden ist.
  2. Dual-polare Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die innere Gruppe von Strahlungselementen (100) ein einzelnes dual-polares Strahlungselement umfasst.
  3. Dual-polare Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dual-polaren Strahlungselemente Kreuzdipol-Strahlungselemente sind.
  4. Dual-polare Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dual-polaren Strahlungselemente Patch-Strahlungselemente sind.
  5. Dual-polare Antenne nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die äußeren Gruppen von Strahlungselementen (101, 102) jeweils ein einzelnes Strahlungselement umfassen.
  6. Dual-polare Antenne nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiter zwei variable Phasenschieber (15) umfasst, wobei jeder variable Phasenschieber (15) mit einem der zwei Eingangskanäle (110, 111) der inneren Gruppe von Strahlungselementen (100) und mit einem der zwei Ausgänge (211, 212) von dem Stromnetz (200) verbunden ist.
  7. Dual-polare Antenne nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie m Sätze von Strahlungselementen (30) umfasst, die in der Vertikalebene ausgerichtet sind und ein Antennenarray bilden.
  8. Dual-polare Antenne nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder variable Phasenschieber (15) eine Steuereinrichtung umfasst, wobei die Steuereinrichtung von jedem der variablen Phasenschieber (15) mit einem Bus verbunden ist, der mit einer Zentraleinheit verbunden ist, wodurch Signale, die einer ausgewählten Azimut-Strahlbreite entsprechen, zu jedem variablen Phasenschieber (15) von der Zentraleinheit übertragen werden.
  9. Dual-polare Antenne nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zentraleinheit mit einem Datenkommunikationsmittel verbunden ist, sodass die Strahlbreite aus der Ferne gesteuert werden kann.
EP20060300564 2006-06-07 2006-06-07 Dualpolarisierte Antenne für eine Basisstation eines Mobilfunksystems mit einstellbarer Strahlungskeulenbreite Expired - Fee Related EP1865576B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20060300564 EP1865576B1 (de) 2006-06-07 2006-06-07 Dualpolarisierte Antenne für eine Basisstation eines Mobilfunksystems mit einstellbarer Strahlungskeulenbreite
ES06300564.9T ES2544564T3 (es) 2006-06-07 2006-06-07 Antena con doble polarización para una estación base de sistemas de radiocomunicaciones móviles con ancho de haz acimutal ajustable
PCT/EP2007/055538 WO2007141281A1 (en) 2006-06-07 2007-06-05 A dual-polar antenna for a base station of mobile radio systems with adjustable azimuth beamwidth

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20060300564 EP1865576B1 (de) 2006-06-07 2006-06-07 Dualpolarisierte Antenne für eine Basisstation eines Mobilfunksystems mit einstellbarer Strahlungskeulenbreite

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EP1865576A1 EP1865576A1 (de) 2007-12-12
EP1865576B1 true EP1865576B1 (de) 2015-05-06

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US9398468B1 (en) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-19 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Cellular array with steerable spotlight beams
CN109861007B (zh) * 2019-01-02 2021-10-15 武汉虹信科技发展有限责任公司 一种双极化基站天线阵列

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US5629713A (en) * 1995-05-17 1997-05-13 Allen Telecom Group, Inc. Horizontally polarized antenna array having extended E-plane beam width and method for accomplishing beam width extension
US6320544B1 (en) * 2000-04-06 2001-11-20 Lucent Technologies Inc. Method of producing desired beam widths for antennas and antenna arrays in single or dual polarization
CN100409486C (zh) * 2000-07-10 2008-08-06 安德鲁公司 蜂窝天线
DE10150150B4 (de) * 2001-10-11 2006-10-05 Kathrein-Werke Kg Dualpolarisiertes Antennenarray

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ES2544564T3 (es) 2015-09-01
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