EP1844215B1 - Camshaft with cams that can be rotated in relation to each other, especially for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Camshaft with cams that can be rotated in relation to each other, especially for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1844215B1
EP1844215B1 EP06705777A EP06705777A EP1844215B1 EP 1844215 B1 EP1844215 B1 EP 1844215B1 EP 06705777 A EP06705777 A EP 06705777A EP 06705777 A EP06705777 A EP 06705777A EP 1844215 B1 EP1844215 B1 EP 1844215B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
camshaft
outside
outside shaft
axial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP06705777A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1844215A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Lettmann
Roland Schacherer
Falk Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP1844215A1 publication Critical patent/EP1844215A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1844215B1 publication Critical patent/EP1844215B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047Camshafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047Camshafts
    • F01L2001/0471Assembled camshafts
    • F01L2001/0473Composite camshafts, e.g. with cams or cam sleeve being able to move relative to the inner camshaft or a cam adjusting rod
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34436Features or method for avoiding malfunction due to foreign matters in oil
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34436Features or method for avoiding malfunction due to foreign matters in oil
    • F01L2001/3444Oil filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49293Camshaft making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21Elements
    • Y10T74/2101Cams
    • Y10T74/2102Adjustable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a camshaft with mutually rotatable cams, in particular for motor vehicles, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a camshaft is shown in Fig. 15 of JP 07-286507 A shown.
  • the invention is concerned with the problem of joining the mutually movable elements of the camshaft and store that as smooth as possible movement of the parts with each other in terms of production and operationally safe is guaranteed.
  • the lowest possible friction is aimed at rotational movements between the inner and outer shaft.
  • the inner shaft Because of their relation to the outer shaft of smaller diameter, the inner shaft naturally has a lower resisting torque against radial displacement and bending, which is why it is of great advantage if outgoing from a camshaft drive support lateral forces can act on the more resistant outer shaft instead of the inner shaft.
  • a friction-desired desired mounting of the inner shaft within the outer shaft is particularly susceptible to radial, drive-induced loads.
  • a first advantage is that a simple and secure axial fixation between the outer and inner shaft can be achieved via the proposed pinning between inner and outer shaft. It is of particular advantage that the fixation takes place only at one end of the camshaft so that different expansions during camshaft operation between inner and outer shaft on the axial fixation can exert no influence, by which it leads to an increase in friction during a movement between the two shafts could come.
  • the measure according to claim 6 relates to a camshaft design, in which the drive connection means comprise a space standing in camshaft operation under high lubricating oil pressure, which is directly adjacent to the inner shaft. This results in an axial load on the inner shaft, with the result that when turning the inner shaft Frictional force adjusted by this axial load. To avoid this consequence, is relieved of pressure by the measure according to claim 7 of the manner described in the above manner to the inner shaft free space.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment is the subject of claim 7.
  • the inner shaft is suspended in the cams practically via the connecting means connecting them with the cams.
  • the measure according to claim 8 relates to the following problem.
  • the annular gap between inner and outer shaft is basically lubricated with pressure oil.
  • the pressure oil is introduced into the annular gap via bearing rings located on the outer shaft by means of radial bores provided in the latter, which are in turn aligned with radial bores in the outer shaft. So that the pressure oil can not escape axially from the annular gap, so far, the axial end portions of the outer shaft into which the annular gap opens, axially sealed outside. This results between the seals and the inner shaft free spaces that are filled by pressure oil. If such a seal is provided only at one end of the inner shaft with an axial distance to the end face of this inner shaft, the result is a friction-inducing pressurization of the inner shaft in the axial direction. This problem is solved easily and safely by the measure according to claim 10.
  • the embodiment according to claim 9 represents a reduction in manufacturing costs simplification.
  • the measure according to claim 11 represents a cost-reducing, constructive simplification.
  • the inner shaft relative to the outer shaft lengthwise cut according to claim 12.
  • the inner shaft can be shortened so far that it comes to rest just below the last adjustable cam at this end, which leads to a weight saving of the overall shaft.
  • This manufacturing process is based on the following consideration.
  • the inner shaft is mounted in each case by a direct radial contact within the outer shaft, and this can be done by over the length of the camshaft axially spaced bearings.
  • the rotatably mounted on the outer shaft cams are usually pinned to the inner shaft, wherein the respective pins are guided by a recess of the outer shaft.
  • the recess has in the circumferential direction the camshaft a size that dictates the angle of rotation of the relevant associated with the inner shaft cam.
  • the bores within the cams and the inner shaft often can not be manufactured in such a tolerance-free manner in practice that the pins used in the supercooled state can be pushed free of force into, in particular, the inner shaft. If an insertion under force, this can lead to a bending of the inner shaft, which in turn can lead to jamming of the inner shaft in the outer shaft. If the camshaft is still functional at all, an undesired high friction occurs when the inner shaft is rotated relative to the outer shaft. Undesirable and not permissible are such high friction due to an often associated, not acceptable for the operation reaction time increase in an adjustment of the cam against each other during the camshaft operation.
  • the inner shaft Prior to pinning the inner shaft with the cams rotatably supported on the outer shaft, the inner shaft is pushed into the outer shaft in a state in which it is inserted by a thin mounting sleeve of incompressible material such as steel. During this state, in which the inner shaft is in a kind of sliding seat almost free of play within the outer shaft, the pinning of the cam can be done with the inner shaft. To make this pinning, the pins must be passed through the mounting sleeve. In addition, after the pinning, the mounting sleeve must be completely removed from the inner shaft. For this purpose, the mounting sleeve has open, axial grooves towards the end of the sleeve.
  • the mounting sleeve In order to make the pinning over the entire length of the camshaft, the mounting sleeve is axially displaced until it can be removed completely from the inner shaft after the last pinning.
  • the use of the mounting sleeve ensures that during the pinning process, the inner shaft can not bend radially in the longitudinal direction. If anything, only bending around the fit clearance is possible, in which the inner shaft is supported together with the mounting sleeve within the outer shaft. But even such, only extremely slight possible bending does not hinder a frictionless rotatability of the inner shaft within the outer shaft.
  • the inner shaft is not supported by radial abutment within the outer shaft, but it depends practically on the pinning elements to the rotatably mounted on the outer shaft cam, with which they are connected is.
  • the outer shaft and the fully assembled inner shaft determined by the thickness of the mounting sleeve, relatively large game. This game is so big that even a slight misalignment of the inner shaft, which could possibly occur during pinning, could not reverse this game. This would also leave such a slight desalination for a frictionless mobility of the inner shaft within the outer shaft without any harmful influence.
  • An adjustable camshaft comprises an outer shaft 1 with an inner shaft 2 supported therein.
  • the inner shaft 2 is pinned with first cam 3 rotatably mounted on the outer shaft 1 in the form of double cams.
  • the pinning is in each case given by equally pressed into the cams 3 and in the inner shaft 2 pins 4.
  • the pins 4 are preferably subcooled inserted into the corresponding holes of the respective cam 3 and the inner shaft 2.
  • the respective press seats adjust in temperature compensation at a sufficient height.
  • the first cam 3 are fixedly connected to the outer shaft 1 second cam 5 and also firmly connected to the outer shaft 1 bearing rings. 6
  • a camshaft having the above-described components is in its camshaft-facing end portion in FIG Fig. 1 shown schematically.
  • a stationary mounting of the camshaft is indicated by the bearing 8.
  • a belt operation, via which the camshaft is driven by the crankshaft of an automotive engine, is designated by 9.
  • This belt drive 9 can of course also be a chain drive or a drive of any kind.
  • the drawn belt of the belt drive 9 engages on a drive connecting means 10 of the camshaft.
  • This connection means 10 is supported with respect to a transverse force stress with respect to the axis of the camshaft via bearing elements 11 on the outer shaft 1.
  • the drive connection means 10 also has torque transmission means 12, with the aid of which the camshaft, on the one hand, is driven in terms of rotational speed and with which, on the other hand, the mutual rotatability between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 with respect to the connection means 10 can be generated.
  • a mounting sleeve 13 Before insertion into the outer shaft 1, a mounting sleeve 13 is pushed with a sliding fit on the inner shaft 2. Together with the mounting sleeve 13, the inner shaft 2 is then inserted into the outer shaft 1.
  • the mounting sleeve 13 is made of incompressible material, in particular a thin steel sheet.
  • the thickness of the mounting sleeves 13 wall determines the radial clearance between inner and outer shaft 2.1. In other words, the radial clearance between the inner and outer shaft 2.1 is to be interpreted as meaning that the inner shaft 2 can be inserted with mounted mounting sleeve 13 in the outer shaft 1.
  • the pinning between the inner shaft 2 and the first cam 3 associated therewith takes place in a state in which the mounting sleeve 13 is located between the inner and outer shaft 2.1.
  • radial recesses in the outer shaft 1 and in the mounting sleeve 13 must be connected.
  • the recesses in the outer shaft 1 are formed as in the circumferential direction of the outer shaft extending slots whose length limits the adjustment between the outer and inner shaft 1, 2.
  • axial grooves 14 In the mounting sleeve 13 are diametrically opposed, axial grooves 14 at one of its ends, which open axially from the mounting sleeve 13 expire. Through the axial grooves 14, the pins 4 can be mounted respectively.
  • the mounting of the pins 4 is carried out by a force-fitting press-fit into bores of the respective first cam 3 and the inner shaft 2. In this way, a press-fit connection between the first cam 3 and the inner shaft 2 is achieved.
  • the pins 4 are subcooled introduced into the respective holes of the first cam 3 and inner shaft 2. In this case, radial press-in forces can occur, in particular, when the bores into which the pins 4 are to be inserted are not exactly aligned by tolerance deviations due to production.
  • the inner shaft 1 can be subject to radially acting on pressing forces virtually do not bend along its axis, since it is prevented by the form fit in the annular gap between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 mounting sleeve 13 thereto.
  • a displacement of the inner shaft 2 to the small sliding seat clearance of the mounting sleeve 13 within the annular gap between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 take place.
  • Such a displacement would be uncritical, even if it occurred, because after removal of the mounting sleeve 13 remains a non-reversible by such a displacement radial clearance.
  • each of the first cams 3 begins at one end of the camshaft and then proceeds along the length of the camshaft with respective stepwise withdrawal of the mounting sleeve 13 from the outer shaft 1. Such extraction of the mounting sleeve 13 is necessary in order to introduce the pin 4 respectively through the axial grooves 14 can.
  • the mounting sleeve 13 is completely separated from the camshaft. The state in which this complete separation occurs is in Fig. 2 and 3 shown at the right end of the camshaft.
  • the mounting sleeve 13 can then be used for the assembly of further corresponding camshafts.
  • the first cams 3 are designed as double cams. Such a double cam is produced as per se known built camshafts by individual cam 3 ', 3 "are shrunk fit on a base tube 3"' shrunk. In the case of the double cams, the pin 4 only engages in the base tube 3 "'. in and in an area which is axially between the two cams 3 "'and 3". Instead of a shrink connection are alternatively or additionally still connections by gluing, welding, expansion of the base tube 3 "', any form-locking method or the like possible.
  • the assembly consisting of the individual cams 3 ', 3 "and a base tube 3"', with which they are firmly connected, may additionally contain further functional elements of the camshaft. So shows Fig. 6 For example, one with the base tube 3 "'firmly connected, on its circumference positioning portions having rotary encoder (26) as a functional element.
  • a spring through which a predeterminable rotational angle assignment between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 is automatically adjusted at an inactive adjustment of the camshaft.
  • the spring is to be connected for this purpose to the inner and outer shaft 2, 1. This can take place on the inner shaft 2 via an abutment which can be fastened as a functional element according to the invention on the base tube 3 "'and if appropriate can be integrated there in a rotary encoder 26. This spring is not shown in the drawing.
  • the annular gap 15 between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 supplied with supplied under pressure lubricating oil For this purpose, in the bearing rings 6 as shown in FIG Fig. 4 four feed holes 16 provided. This feed bores 16 open into an annular channel 17 between bearing ring 6 and outer shaft 1. From this annular channel 17 lead from only two radial bores 18 in the annular gap 15. In this embodiment, a special feature is that fewer radial bores 18 are provided as ZuSciencebohritch 16. This peculiarity is made possible by the fact that the supply bores 16 are not supplied radially from the outside by a ring-shaped lubricating oil source, but in each case in sections by alignment with radially aligned, corresponding supply ducts (not shown in the drawing).
  • the annular gap 15 is provided with sealing ring seals 19 in each case.
  • connection flange 7 which is part of the drive connection means 10.
  • a pin 21 engages in the connecting flange 7 between the diametrically opposite radial recesses 20 of the connecting pin 21 frictionally passes through a corresponding bore within the inner shaft 2.
  • the radial recesses 20 have in the circumferential direction a length which determines the adjustment angle between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1.
  • the connecting pin 21 represents a first force transmission element. At this first power transmission element as a pin 21 is within the drive connection means 10, a second power transmission element - not shown - positively and positively connected.
  • the connection is made in a simple manner in that the second force transmission element has an axially aligned, the first force transmission element 21 associated axial groove, whereby the second force transmission element can be slid onto the first force transmission element 21 fit.
  • Another function of the connecting pin 21 is to fix the inner shaft 2 with respect to the outer shaft 1 axially. In this way, an extremely simple, axial fixation of the inner shaft 2 is achieved within the outer shaft 1 and only at one end of the camshaft. This leaves different expansions between outer shaft 1 and inner shaft 2, if such should occur without any influence on the axial fixation between inner and outer shaft 2, first
  • connection flange 7 In the drive-connection means device 10 is located within the connection flange 7, a stationary mounted cone 23 for a pressure oil supply.
  • a pressure oil supply For this pressure oil supply is an annular gap 24 between this cone 23 and the connecting flange 7, which is sealed at its the inner shaft 2 end facing by a ring seal 25. In this way, no hydraulic pressure is exerted on the end of the inner shaft 2 from there, which could lead to an increase in friction during a rotation of the inner shaft 2 relative to the outer shaft 1.
  • a camshaft Fig. 2 can be at the right in the drawing, the end in Fig. 7 is shown, in the not filled by the inner shaft 2 cavity of the outer shaft 1 accumulate lubricating oil, for example, from a oil-lubricated bearing ring 6 at the end of the outer shaft 1 can penetrate into this space within the outer shaft 1.
  • lubricating oil for example, from a oil-lubricated bearing ring 6 at the end of the outer shaft 1 can penetrate into this space within the outer shaft 1.
  • an axial pressure on the inner shaft 2 adjacent to this space would build up in a completely filled space within the outer shaft 1. This would in turn lead to additional friction during a relative movement between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1.
  • radially outwardly leading openings 28 may be disposed in the outer shell 1 in the area in question.
  • Fig. 8 to 10 is an oil supply to the camshaft from the inside through an axial feed channel 29 in the outer shaft 1 at the drive end opposite end provided.
  • This oil supply is an alternative to that in the execution of the Fig. 2 to 4 shown oil supply provided in the outer shaft 1 radial openings 18 which are supplied by radial bores 16 of a bearing ring 6 with supplied under pressure lubricating oil.
  • this feed channel 29 must be able to communicate with the annular gap 15 between inner and outer shaft 2, 1 in a seal-free manner.
  • lubricating oil introduced under pressure into the feed channel 29 can flow through the annular gap 15 between the inner and outer shafts 2, 1 as far as the drive end of the camshaft.
  • this lubricating oil by the in the execution of the camshaft after Fig. 2 provided radial recess 20 to flow outward.
  • the axial feed channel 29 is supplied by the bearing ring 6 provided at this end of the camshaft, whereby a transition space 30 acted upon by the lubrication of the bearing ring 6 is provided around the respective end of the camshaft, from the lubricating oil supplied under pressure from the bearing ring 6 into the Inside the outer shaft 1 can flow.
  • lubricating oil can also be introduced into the feed channel 29 through an oil injection nozzle 26, which conveys axially into the feed channel 29, in accordance with FIG Fig. 9 illustrated embodiment are introduced.
  • an oil injection nozzle can be used as oil supply device 32, as used for injection-cooling of a reciprocating piston of an internal combustion engine in a generally known manner.
  • FIG. 8 shown embodiment of a camshaft having a feed channel 29, in which in the feed channel 29, a filter 27 is inserted.
  • This filter 27 may be formed as a disc-shaped particle screen.
  • This particle sieve can be bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, each with a closed upstream end.
  • Such a bell-shaped design has the advantage that due to the centrifugal force emitted by the rotating camshaft, dirt particles separated from the lubricating oil can detach radially from the sieve and accumulate on the inside of the tube. The central filter area remains in this way, even with long periods of operation of the camshaft substantially dirt-free.
  • the second cams 5 are provided with stops extending the axial width in order to be able to fix the first cam 3 axially accurately between two adjacent, correspondingly formed second cams 5.
  • Fig. 11 is at the drive-connection means 10 according to the embodiment in Fig. 2 another type of oil supply of a hydraulic oil drive connected there provided.
  • the relevant drive connection means 10 is in Fig. 11 denoted by 10 '.
  • This drive connection means 10 ' is provided with oil guide channels 31. These oil guide channels 31 each lead radially outward one end into an oil supply device 32 and the other end in a hydraulic drive 33.
  • the components 32 and 33 are indicated in the drawing only by dash-dotted lines.
  • an oil supply device 32 is used in the illustrated example, a bearing device of the camshaft, wherein the drive connection means 10 as a fixed to the outer shaft 1 connected inner bearing ring is formed, while the oil supply through supply channels 34 are provided within a stationary, the inner bearing ring leading outer bearing ring.
  • Such oil supply of a hydraulically operating camshaft adjusting device is extremely advantageous because it can be realized with a few components.
  • such an oil supply device on the drive side builds axially short, so that axial space can be saved.
  • the mutually moving parts of the camshaft according to the invention may possibly be dispensed with oil lubrication completely or at least largely, if the mating partners are on the one hand wear-coated and on the other hand provided with a hardened surface.
  • a hardened surface can be in particular the outer shaft and double cams.
  • the drive connection means 10 In the drive connection means 10 "after Fig. 13 is like the execution after Fig. 11 sought the smallest possible axial length.
  • the drive connection means 10 bear on a stationary cone 23. Through this cone 23 lead supplied from the left end face of the cone from oil guide channels 31 '. These oil guide channels 31 'are formed running at right angles within the cone 23, whereby they open radially out of the cone 23 in an annular gap 24 between the cone 23 and the drive connection means 10.
  • This annular gap 24 is divided by annular seals 25 in axially separate sections. These axial sections are in each case connected to radial bores 39 leading radially outward into a hydraulic drive 33 within the drive connection means 10 ".
  • the number of radial bores 39 is specified for a specific hydraulic drive 33 with a total of 4.
  • connection pin 21 passes through in the drive connection means 10 "a radial opening 20.
  • This opening 20 fills the connection pin 21 in the circumferential direction, since this recess 20 must allow in this direction a rotational adjustment of the connecting pin 21.
  • additional seals are required in the form of, for example, ring seals 41 and 42.
  • the ring seal 41 seals the space of the recess 20 with respect to the annular gap between outer ring seals 41 and 42. and inner shaft 1, 2.
  • the annular seal 42 provides a seal to the outside within the hydraulic drive 33rd
  • Fig. 14 shows a further alternative embodiment of the drive connection means 10 in a basic version of this drive connection means according to the embodiment in Fig. 2 ,
  • the axial shortening with respect to the camshaft is in the execution after Fig. 14 achieved by a displacement of the connecting pin 21 in the axial interior of the adjacent bearing ring, said bearing ring is an integral part of the connecting flange 7.
  • the connecting flange 7 In order to be able to mount the connecting pin 21 in such a housing of the connecting pin 21 within the connecting flange 7 forming, inter alia, the drive-side bearing ring, the connecting flange 7 must consist of a central core area and a bearing ring 36 which forms the bearing in this area.
  • Fig. 14 is designed as a power transmission element, by means of which the torque required to rotate the connecting pin 21 is transmitted by the hydraulic drive 33, in the form of a connection fork 38.
  • this connection is made via a positive connection in the direction of rotation namely, for example, by a rotation 37 in the form of a tongue and groove safety.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to provide a reliable and inexpensive camshaft wherein the inner shaft and the outer shaft can be adjusted in a low-friction manner. For this purpose, a camshaft with cams that can be rotated in relation to each other, wherein at least one first cam (3) is rotatably received on the outer shaft (1), is permanently connected to the inner shaft (2) via at least one radial opening in the outer shaft (1). Means (10) for connecting a camshaft rotational drive are provided at the axial ends of said camshaft. The camshaft is also provided with a rotational drive (9) exerting radial supporting forces onto the camshaft.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Nockenwelle mit gegeneinander verdrehbaren Nocken, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a camshaft with mutually rotatable cams, in particular for motor vehicles, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine derartige Nockenwelle wird in Fig. 15 der JP 07-286507 A dargestellt.Such a camshaft is shown in Fig. 15 of JP 07-286507 A shown.

Bei einer solchen Nockenwelle beschäftigt sich die Erfindung mit dem Problem, die gegeneinander beweglichen Elemente der Nockenwelle derart zu fügen und zu lagern, dass eine möglichst reibungsfreie Bewegung der Teile untereinander fertigungsmäßig und betriebsbedingt sicher gewährleistet ist.In such a camshaft, the invention is concerned with the problem of joining the mutually movable elements of the camshaft and store that as smooth as possible movement of the parts with each other in terms of production and operationally safe is guaranteed.

Zu diesem Zweck geht die Erfindung von der vorgenannten JP 07-286507 A und der US 4 332 222 aus. Nach diesen Druckschriften ist des weiteren vorgesehen, von dem Antrieb der Nockenwelle ausgehende Abstützungs-Querkräfte, die radial zur Nockenwellenachse wirken, nicht an der Innenwelle angreifen zu lassen, sondern an der insgesamt widerstandssteiferen Außenwelle.For this purpose, the invention of the aforementioned JP 07-286507 A and the US 4,332,222 out. According to these documents is further provided, from the drive of the camshaft outgoing support transverse forces acting radially to the camshaft axis, not to be attacked on the inner shaft, but on the overall more resistant outer shaft.

Von einem Nockenwellenantrieb auf die Nockenwelle radial ausgehende Querkräfte, die beispielsweise bei einem Antrieb der Nockenwelle über einen Ketten- oder Riemenantrieb zwangsläufig auftreten, können zu einer radialen Verlagerung der jeweils direkt angetriebenen Welle, das heißt der Innen- oder Außenwelle führen. Wird die Innenwelle einer gattungsgemäßen Nockenwelle angetrieben, das heißt wirken die Abstützkräfte des Antriebs auf die Innenwelle ein, so kann eine möglichst reibungsfreie Verdrehbarkeit der Innenwelle innerhalb der Außenwelle negativ beeinflusst werden bis hin zu einem leichten Verklemmen zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle. Bei einem Verdrehen der Innenwelle innerhalb der Außenwelle auftretende Reibung kann mit zunehmend hoher Reibung zu einer Reaktionsverlangsamung bei einer Relativverdrehung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle während dessen Nockenwellenbetriebes führen. Daher wird eine möglichst geringe Reibung bei Verdrehbewegungen zwischen der Innen- und Außenwelle angestrebt. Wegen ihres gegenüber der Außenwelle geringeren Durchmessers hat die Innenwelle naturgemäß ein geringeres Widerstandsmoment gegen radiale Verlagerungen und Verbiegungen, weshalb es von großem Vorteil ist, wenn von einem Nockenwellenantrieb ausgehende Abstützungs-Querkräfte anstelle auf die Innenwelle auf die widerstandssteifere Außenwelle einwirken können. Insbesondere ist eine reibungsarm gewünschte Lagerung der Innenwelle innerhalb der Außenwelle besonders anfällig gegen radiale, antriebsbedingte Belastungen.From a camshaft drive to the camshaft radially outgoing lateral forces, which inevitably occur for example in a drive of the camshaft via a chain or belt drive, can lead to a radial displacement of each directly driven shaft, that is, the inner or outer shaft. If the inner shaft of a generic camshaft is driven, that is to say the supporting forces of the drive act on the inner shaft, a possible frictionless rotatability of the inner shaft within the outer shaft can be adversely affected up to a slight jamming between inner and outer shaft. With a rotation of the inner shaft occurring within the outer shaft friction can lead with increasing friction to a slower reaction at a relative rotation between inner and outer shaft during its camshaft operation. Therefore, the lowest possible friction is aimed at rotational movements between the inner and outer shaft. Because of their relation to the outer shaft of smaller diameter, the inner shaft naturally has a lower resisting torque against radial displacement and bending, which is why it is of great advantage if outgoing from a camshaft drive support lateral forces can act on the more resistant outer shaft instead of the inner shaft. In particular, a friction-desired desired mounting of the inner shaft within the outer shaft is particularly susceptible to radial, drive-induced loads.

Die Maßnahmen nach Anspruch 1 bieten verschiedene Vorteile. Ein erster Vorteil besteht darin, dass über die dort vorgeschlagene Verstiftung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle eine einfache und sichere axiale Fixierung zwischen Außen- und Innenwelle erreicht werden kann. Dabei ist von besonderem Vorteil, dass die Fixierung lediglich an einem Ende der Nockenwelle erfolgt, so dass unterschiedliche Ausdehnungen während des Nockenwellenbetriebes zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle auf die axiale Fixierung keinen Einfluss ausüben können, durch den es zu einer Reibungserhöhung bei einer Bewegung zwischen beiden Wellen kommen könnte.The measures according to claim 1 offer various advantages. A first advantage is that a simple and secure axial fixation between the outer and inner shaft can be achieved via the proposed pinning between inner and outer shaft. It is of particular advantage that the fixation takes place only at one end of the camshaft so that different expansions during camshaft operation between inner and outer shaft on the axial fixation can exert no influence, by which it leads to an increase in friction during a movement between the two shafts could come.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass ein Kraftübertragungselement, das zwischen Nockenwellenantrieb und derjenigen Welle, die mit diesem Kraftübertragungselement zu verbinden ist, über den mit der jeweiligen Welle fest verbundenen Stift einfach verbindbar ist. Einfach verbindbar heißt, dass die Verbindungselemente einfach mit geringsten Toleranzen mit Bezug auf die Verbindung herstellbar sind. In diesem Sinne stellen die Ausführungen nach den Ansprüchen 2 bis 5 weitere Vorteile dar, die im Zusammenhang eines Ausführungsbeispieles nachstehend noch näher erläutert werden.Another advantage is that a power transmission element which is easy to connect between the camshaft drive and the shaft which is to be connected to this power transmission element via the pin firmly connected to the respective shaft. Simply connectable means that the connecting elements can be easily manufactured with the lowest tolerances with respect to the connection. In this sense, the embodiments according to claims 2 to 5 represent further advantages, which will be explained in more detail below in the context of an embodiment.

Die Maßnahme nach Anspruch 6 betrifft eine Nockenwellenausführung, bei der die Antriebs-Anschlussmittel einen bei Nockenwellenbetrieb unter hohem Schmieröldruck stehenden Raum umfassen, der direkt an die Innenwelle angrenzt. Hierdurch kommt es zu einer axialen Belastung der Innenwelle mit der Folge, dass sich bei einem Verdrehen der Innenwelle eine Reibkraft durch diese Axialbelastung einstellt. Um diese Folge zu vermeiden, wird durch die Maßnahme nach Anspruch 7 der in der vorbeschriebenen Weise an die Innenwelle angrenzende Freiraum druckentlastet.The measure according to claim 6 relates to a camshaft design, in which the drive connection means comprise a space standing in camshaft operation under high lubricating oil pressure, which is directly adjacent to the inner shaft. This results in an axial load on the inner shaft, with the result that when turning the inner shaft Frictional force adjusted by this axial load. To avoid this consequence, is relieved of pressure by the measure according to claim 7 of the manner described in the above manner to the inner shaft free space.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausbildung ist Gegenstand des Anspruchs 7. Durch die Lagerung der Innenwelle über die mit dieser fest verbundenen, auf der Außenwelle verdrehbar gelagerten Nocken, kann die Innenwelle gegenüber dem Innenumfang der Außenwelle ein praktisch beliebig großes radiales Spiel aufweisen, da die Lagerung ausschließlich über die Nocken auf dem Außenumfang der Außenwelle erfolgt.A particularly advantageous embodiment is the subject of claim 7. By supporting the inner shaft via the fixedly connected thereto, rotatably mounted on the outer cam cam, the inner shaft relative to the inner circumference of the outer shaft having a virtually arbitrarily large radial clearance, since the storage exclusively on the cams on the outer circumference of the outer shaft takes place.

Die Innenwelle ist praktisch über die sie mit den Nocken verbindenden Verbindungsmittel in den Nocken aufgehängt. Durch das hierdurch zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle mögliche, an sich beliebig große, radiale Spiel kann sich die Achse der Innenwelle bei der Befestigung der Nocken in der Innenwelle durch beispielsweise eine gegenseitige Verstiftung gegenüber der Achse der Außenwelle geringfügig verschieben, ohne dass hierdurch eine Verklemmung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle befürchtet werden muss. Auch eine geringfügige Verbiegung der Innenwelle längs dieser Achse würde, wenn sie bei einer Befestigung der Nocken auf der Innenwelle auftreten sollte, wegen eines relativ groß einstellbaren radialen Spiels zwischen den Wellen zu keiner funktionsbeeinträchtigenden Verklemmung zwischen den beiden Wellen führen können. Bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Lagerung der Innenwelle mit großem radialen Spiel gegenüber der Außenwelle sind ferner keine engen Fertigungstoleranzen bezüglich des Innendurchmessers der Außenwelle sowie des Außendurchmessers der Innenwelle einzuhalten.The inner shaft is suspended in the cams practically via the connecting means connecting them with the cams. By thus possible between inner and outer shaft, in any arbitrarily large, radial clearance, the axis of the inner shaft in the attachment of the cam in the inner shaft by, for example, a mutual pinning relative to the axis of the outer shaft slightly shift, without thereby a deadlock between Internal and external shaft must be feared. Even a slight bending of the inner shaft along this axis would, if it should occur in a mounting of the cam on the inner shaft, because of a relatively large adjustable radial clearance between the waves can not lead to dysfunctional jamming between the two waves. In this inventive storage of the inner shaft with a large radial clearance relative to the outer shaft are also no close manufacturing tolerances with respect to the inner diameter of the outer shaft and the outer diameter of the inner shaft to comply.

Die Maßnahme nach Anspruch 8 betrifft folgendes Problem.The measure according to claim 8 relates to the following problem.

Der Ringspalt zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle ist grundsätzlich druckölgeschmiert. Das Drucköl wird über auf der Außenwelle befindliche Lagerringe durch in diesen vorgesehene, radiale Bohrungen, die wiederum mit radialen Bohrungen in der Außenwelle fluchten, in den Ringspalt eingebracht. Damit das Drucköl axial nicht aus dem Ringspalt austreten kann, sind bisher die axialen Endbereiche der Außenwelle, in die der Ringspalt mündet, axial außen gedichtet. Dadurch ergeben sich zwischen den Dichtungen und der Innenwelle Freiräume, die durch Drucköl gefüllt sind. Ist eine solche Dichtung lediglich an einem Ende der Innenwelle mit axialem Abstand zu der Stirnfläche dieser Innenwelle vorgesehen, so entsteht eine reibungsauslösende Druckbeaufschlagung der Innenwelle in axialer Richtung. Dieses Problem wird durch die Maßnahme nach Anspruch 10 einfach und sicher behoben.The annular gap between inner and outer shaft is basically lubricated with pressure oil. The pressure oil is introduced into the annular gap via bearing rings located on the outer shaft by means of radial bores provided in the latter, which are in turn aligned with radial bores in the outer shaft. So that the pressure oil can not escape axially from the annular gap, so far, the axial end portions of the outer shaft into which the annular gap opens, axially sealed outside. This results between the seals and the inner shaft free spaces that are filled by pressure oil. If such a seal is provided only at one end of the inner shaft with an axial distance to the end face of this inner shaft, the result is a friction-inducing pressurization of the inner shaft in the axial direction. This problem is solved easily and safely by the measure according to claim 10.

Die Ausführung nach Anspruch 9 stellt eine die Herstellungskosten senkende Vereinfachung dar.The embodiment according to claim 9 represents a reduction in manufacturing costs simplification.

Das gleiche gilt für die Ausführung nach Anspruch 10, nach der ein sogenannter Doppelnocken in der gleichen Weise hergestellt werden kann wie eine gebaute Nockenwelle, bei der Nocken auf einer fertig bearbeiteten Grundwelle passgenau gefügt werden.The same applies to the embodiment according to claim 10, according to which a so-called double cam can be produced in the same way as a built camshaft, in which Cams are fitted accurately on a finished basic shaft.

Auch die Maßnahme nach Anspruch 11 stellt eine kostensenkende, konstruktive Vereinfachung dar.The measure according to claim 11 represents a cost-reducing, constructive simplification.

Durch das Dichtungssystem nach Anspruch 8 lässt sich die Innenwelle gegenüber der Außenwelle längenmäßig entsprechend Anspruch 12 kürzen. Insbesondere an dem dem Antriebsende der Nockenwelle entgegengesetzten Ende kann die Innenwelle soweit gekürzt werden, dass sie gerade noch unterhalb des letzten verstellbaren Nockens an diesem Ende zu liegen kommt was zu einer Gewichtsersparnis der Gesamtwelle führt.By the sealing system according to claim 8, the inner shaft relative to the outer shaft lengthwise cut according to claim 12. In particular, at the end opposite the drive end of the camshaft, the inner shaft can be shortened so far that it comes to rest just below the last adjustable cam at this end, which leads to a weight saving of the overall shaft.

Von einem ganz besonderen Vorteil ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gattungsgemäßen Nockenwelle nach dem Anspruch 30.Of a very particular advantage is a method for producing a generic camshaft according to claim 30.

Dieses Herstellungsverfahren geht von folgender Überlegung aus.This manufacturing process is based on the following consideration.

Bei bisher im Stand der Technik bekannten, gattungsgemäßen Nockenwellen ist die Innenwelle jeweils durch eine direkte radiale Anlage innerhalb der Außenwelle gelagert, wobei dies durch über die Länge der Nockenwelle axial beabstandete Lager erfolgen kann. Die auf der Außenwelle drehbar gelagerten Nocken werden üblicherweise mit der Innenwelle verstiftet, wobei die betreffenden Stifte durch eine Ausnehmung der Außenwelle geführt werden. Die Ausnehmung besitzt in Umfangsrichtung der Nockenwelle eine Größe, die den Verdrehwinkel des betreffenden, mit der Innenwelle verbundenen Nockens vorgibt. Mit der Außen- und Innenwelle sind bei solchen Verstiftungen die betreffenden Stifte durch jeweils einen Presssitz verbunden. Für die Erzielung eines Presssitzes werden die Stifte in der Regel unterkühlt eingesetzt, wodurch sich bei Temperaturausgleich ein Presssitz ergibt. Die Bohrungen innerhalb der Nocken und der Innenwelle lassen sich in der Praxis häufig allerdings nicht derart toleranzfrei fertigen, dass die in unterkühltem Zustand eingesetzten Stifte kraftfrei in insbesondere die Innenwelle eingeschoben werden können. Erfolgt ein Einschieben unter Kraft, so kann dies zu einem Verbiegen der Innenwelle führen, wodurch es wiederum zu einem Verklemmen der Innenwelle in der Außenwelle kommen kann. Sofern die Nockenwelle dann überhaupt noch funktionsfähig ist, liegt bei einem Verdrehen der Innenwelle gegenüber der Außenwelle eine unerwünscht hohe Reibung vor. Unerwünscht und nicht zulässig sind derartige hohe Reibungen wegen einer damit häufig verbundenen, für den Betrieb nicht akzeptablen Reaktionszeitvergrößerung bei einem Verstellen der Nocken gegeneinander während des Nockenwellenbetriebes.In previously known in the prior art, generic camshaft, the inner shaft is mounted in each case by a direct radial contact within the outer shaft, and this can be done by over the length of the camshaft axially spaced bearings. The rotatably mounted on the outer shaft cams are usually pinned to the inner shaft, wherein the respective pins are guided by a recess of the outer shaft. The recess has in the circumferential direction the camshaft a size that dictates the angle of rotation of the relevant associated with the inner shaft cam. With the outer and inner shaft of such pins the respective pins are connected by a respective press fit. To achieve a press fit, the pins are usually used undercooled, resulting in an interference fit with temperature compensation. However, the bores within the cams and the inner shaft often can not be manufactured in such a tolerance-free manner in practice that the pins used in the supercooled state can be pushed free of force into, in particular, the inner shaft. If an insertion under force, this can lead to a bending of the inner shaft, which in turn can lead to jamming of the inner shaft in the outer shaft. If the camshaft is still functional at all, an undesired high friction occurs when the inner shaft is rotated relative to the outer shaft. Undesirable and not permissible are such high friction due to an often associated, not acceptable for the operation reaction time increase in an adjustment of the cam against each other during the camshaft operation.

Bei einer Herstellung einer gattungsgemäßen Nockenwelle nach Anspruch 30 kann die vorstehend geschilderte Problematik von vornherein überhaupt nicht auftreten.In a production of a generic camshaft according to claim 30, the above-described problems from the outset can not occur at all.

Die ergibt sich aus Folgendem.This results from the following.

Vor dem Verstiften der Innenwelle mit den auf der Außenwelle drehbar lagernden Nocken wird die Innenwelle in einem Zustand in die Außenwelle geschoben, in dem sie von einer dünnen Montagehülse aus inkompressiblem Material wie beispielsweise Stahl eingeschoben wird. Während dieses Zustands, in dem die Innenwelle in einer Art Schiebesitz nahezu spielfrei innerhalb der Außenwelle liegt, kann die Verstiftung der Nocken mit der Innenwelle erfolgen. Um diese Verstiftung vornehmen zu können, müssen die Stifte durch die Montagehülse hindurchgeführt werden. Außerdem muss nach erfolgter Verstiftung die Montagehülse von der Innenwelle vollständig abgezogen werden können. Zu diesem Zweck besitzt die Montagehülse zum Ende der Hülse hin offene, axiale Nuten. Durch diese axialen Nuten kann jeweils verstiftet werden. Um die Verstiftung über die gesamte Länge der Nockenwelle vornehmen zu können, wird die Montagehülse jeweils axial verlagert, bis sie nach der letzten Verstiftung ganz von der Innenwelle abgenommen werden kann. Durch die Verwendung der Montagehülse ist sichergestellt, dass sich bei dem Verstiftungsprozess die Innenwelle nicht in Längsrichtung radial verbiegen kann. Wenn überhaupt, ist lediglich ein Verbiegen um das Passungsspiel möglich, in dem die Innenwelle zusammen mit der Montagehülse innerhalb der Außenwelle lagert. Aber auch eine solche, nur äußerst geringfügig mögliche Verbiegung behindert eine reibungsfreie Verdrehbarkeit der Innenwelle innerhalb der Außenwelle nicht. Denn die Innenwelle wird nicht durch radiale Anlage innerhalb der Außenwelle gelagert, sondern sie hängt praktisch über die Verstiftungselemente an den auf der Außenwelle drehbar gelagerten Nocken, mit denen sie verbunden ist. Hierdurch besteht zwischen der Außenwelle und der fertig montierten Innenwelle ein durch die Dicke der Montagehülse bestimmtes, relativ großes Spiel. Dieses Spiel ist so groß, dass selbst eine geringfügige Desachsierung der Innenwelle, die sich beim Verstiften möglicherweise einstellen könnte, dieses Spiel nicht aufheben könnte. Damit bliebe auch eine solche geringfügige Desachsierung für eine reibungsfreie Bewegbarkeit der Innenwelle innerhalb der Außenwelle ohne jeglichen schädlichen Einfluss.Prior to pinning the inner shaft with the cams rotatably supported on the outer shaft, the inner shaft is pushed into the outer shaft in a state in which it is inserted by a thin mounting sleeve of incompressible material such as steel. During this state, in which the inner shaft is in a kind of sliding seat almost free of play within the outer shaft, the pinning of the cam can be done with the inner shaft. To make this pinning, the pins must be passed through the mounting sleeve. In addition, after the pinning, the mounting sleeve must be completely removed from the inner shaft. For this purpose, the mounting sleeve has open, axial grooves towards the end of the sleeve. These axial grooves can be pinned in each case. In order to make the pinning over the entire length of the camshaft, the mounting sleeve is axially displaced until it can be removed completely from the inner shaft after the last pinning. The use of the mounting sleeve ensures that during the pinning process, the inner shaft can not bend radially in the longitudinal direction. If anything, only bending around the fit clearance is possible, in which the inner shaft is supported together with the mounting sleeve within the outer shaft. But even such, only extremely slight possible bending does not hinder a frictionless rotatability of the inner shaft within the outer shaft. Because the inner shaft is not supported by radial abutment within the outer shaft, but it depends practically on the pinning elements to the rotatably mounted on the outer shaft cam, with which they are connected is. As a result, between the outer shaft and the fully assembled inner shaft determined by the thickness of the mounting sleeve, relatively large game. This game is so big that even a slight misalignment of the inner shaft, which could possibly occur during pinning, could not reverse this game. This would also leave such a slight desalination for a frictionless mobility of the inner shaft within the outer shaft without any harmful influence.

Besonders vorteilhafte, nachstehend näher erläuterte Ausführungsbeispiele, bei denen sämtliche erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen verwirklicht sind, sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt.Particularly advantageous, explained in more detail below embodiments in which all measures according to the invention are realized, are shown in the drawing.

In dieser zeigen

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung der Anschlussmit- tel einer Nockenwelle an einen Drehantrieb,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch eine in der Länge unterbro- chen gezeichnete Nockenwelle,
Fig. 3
eine Draufsicht auf die Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt durch die Nockenwelle nach Linie IV-IV in Fig. 2,
Fig. 5
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Nockenwelle nach den Fig. 2, 3.
Fig. 6a, b
eine Ansicht (a) auf einen Ausschnitt der No- ckenwelle sowie einen Längsschnitt (b) durch diesen Ausschnitt,
Fig. 7
einen Ausschnitt des rechten Endbereiches einer Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2 in einer modifizierten Ausführung,
Fig. 8
einen Ausschnitt des rechten Endbereiches einer Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2 in einer nochmals modi- fizierten Ausführung mit einem axialen Ölzuführ- kanal innerhalb der Außenwelle sowie einem Fil- ter in diesem Zuführkanal,
Fig. 9
eine Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2 in einer weiteren modifizierten Ausführung mit einem axialen Ölzu- führkanal innerhalb der Außenwelle sowie einer in diesen Kanal axial fördernden Öleinspritzein- richtung,
Fig. 10
einen Ausschnitt des rechten Endbereiches einer Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2 in einer wiederum modi- fizierten Ausführung mit einem axialen Ölzuführ- kanal innerhalb der Außenwelle und einem axial mit diesem Kanal kommunizierenden Ölversorgungs- raum,
Fig. 11
einen Ausschnitt des linken Endbereiches einer Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2 mit einer modifizierten Verdreh-Einrichtung,
Fig. 12a, b
einen Ausschnitt aus einem mittleren Bereich ei- ner Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2 mit einer unter- schiedlichen Axialfixierung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle.
Fig. 13a, b
einen Ausschnitt aus einem linken Endbereich ei- ner Nockenwelle ähnlich Fig. 2 mit einem axial verkürzten Antriebs-Anschlussmittel in einem Längsschnitt (a) sowie in einer Draufsicht (b).
Fig. 14a, b
einen Ausschnitt aus einem linken Endbereich ei- ner Nockenwelle ähnlich Fig. 2 mit einem axial verkürzten Antriebs-Anschlussmittel in einer al- ternativen Ausführung zu Fig. 13 in einem Längs- schnitt (a), in einer Draufsicht (b) sowie in einem Schnitt (c) nach Linie XIIV c - XIV c in Teil (a)
In this show
Fig. 1
1 a schematic representation of the connection means of a camshaft to a rotary drive,
Fig. 2
a section through a broken in length drawn camshaft,
Fig. 3
a plan view of the cam shaft after Fig. 2 .
Fig. 4
a section through the camshaft according to line IV-IV in Fig. 2 .
Fig. 5
a perspective view of a camshaft according to the Fig. 2 . 3 ,
Fig. 6a, b
a view (a) of a section of the camshaft and a longitudinal section (b) through this section,
Fig. 7
a section of the right end of a camshaft after Fig. 2 in a modified version,
Fig. 8
a section of the right end of a camshaft after Fig. 2 in a further modified embodiment with an axial oil feed channel within the outer shaft and a filter in this feed channel,
Fig. 9
a camshaft after Fig. 2 in a further modified embodiment with an axial oil supply channel within the outer shaft and an oil injection device axially conveying this channel,
Fig. 10
a section of the right end of a camshaft after Fig. 2 in a further modified embodiment with an axial oil supply channel within the outer shaft and an oil supply chamber communicating axially with this channel,
Fig. 11
a section of the left end portion of a camshaft to Fig. 2 with a modified twisting device,
Fig. 12a, b
a section of a central region of a camshaft after Fig. 2 with a different axial fixation between inner and outer shaft.
Fig. 13a, b
a section of a left end portion of a camshaft similar Fig. 2 with an axially shortened drive connection means in a longitudinal section (a) and in a plan view (b).
Fig. 14a, b
a section of a left end portion of a camshaft similar Fig. 2 with an axially shortened drive connection means in an alternative embodiment Fig. 13 in a longitudinal section (a), in a plan view (b) and in a section (c) according to line XIV c - XIV c in part (a)

Eine verstellbare Nockenwelle umfasst eine Außenwelle 1 mit einer in dieser lagernden Innenwelle 2. Die Innenwelle 2 ist verstiftet mit auf der Außenwelle 1 drehbar gelagerten ersten Nocken 3 in der Form von Doppelnocken. Die Verstiftung ist jeweils gegeben durch gleichermaßen in die Nocken 3 und in die Innenwelle 2 eingepresste Stifte 4. Zur Erzielung der erforderlichen Presssitze werden die Stifte 4 vorzugsweise unterkühlt in die entsprechenden Bohrungen des jeweiligen Nockens 3 und der Innenwelle 2 eingeschoben. Die jeweiligen Presssitze stellen sich bei Temperaturausgleich in ausreichender Höhe ein.An adjustable camshaft comprises an outer shaft 1 with an inner shaft 2 supported therein. The inner shaft 2 is pinned with first cam 3 rotatably mounted on the outer shaft 1 in the form of double cams. The pinning is in each case given by equally pressed into the cams 3 and in the inner shaft 2 pins 4. To achieve the required press fits the pins 4 are preferably subcooled inserted into the corresponding holes of the respective cam 3 and the inner shaft 2. The respective press seats adjust in temperature compensation at a sufficient height.

Alternativ ist ein Einbringen der Stifte bei Raumtemperatur möglich.Alternatively, an insertion of the pins at room temperature is possible.

Zwischen den auf der Außenwelle 1 drehbar gelagerten, ersten Nocken 3 befinden sich fest mit der Außenwelle 1 verbundene zweite Nocken 5 sowie ebenfalls fest mit der Außenwelle 1 verbundene Lagerringe 6.Between the rotatably mounted on the outer shaft 1, the first cam 3 are fixedly connected to the outer shaft 1 second cam 5 and also firmly connected to the outer shaft 1 bearing rings. 6

Eine Nockenwelle, die die vorstehend beschriebenen Bauelemente besitzt, ist in ihrem, einem Nockenwellenantrieb zugewandten Endbereich in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt.A camshaft having the above-described components is in its camshaft-facing end portion in FIG Fig. 1 shown schematically.

Eine ortsfeste Lagerung der Nockenwelle ist durch die Lager 8 angedeutet. Ein Riemenbetrieb, über den die Nockenwelle von der Kurbelwelle eines Kraftfahrzeugmotors aus angetrieben wird, ist mit 9 bezeichnet. Dieser Riementrieb 9 kann selbstverständlich auch ein Kettentrieb oder ein Antrieb beliebiger Art sein. Der gezeichnete Riemen des Riementriebes 9 greift an einem Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 der Nockenwelle an. Dieses Anschlussmittel 10 stützt sich mit Bezug auf eine Querkraftbeanspruchung gegenüber der Achse der Nockenwelle über Lagerelemente 11 an der Außenwelle 1 ab. Das Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 besitzt ferner Drehmomentübertragungsmittel 12, mit deren Hilfe die Nockenwelle einerseits drehzahlmäßig angetrieben und mit denen andererseits die gegenseitige Verdrehbarkeit zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 gegenüber dem Anschlussmittel 10 erzeugt werden kann. Derartige Einrichtungen sind im Stand der Technik bekannt, weshalb hier nicht weiter auf Einzelheiten dieser bekannten Antriebs- und Verstellmittel eingegangen wird. Durch die Schemadarstellung in Fig. 1 soll lediglich demonstriert werden, wie bei einer verstellbaren Nockenwelle, die von einem Riementrieb angetrieben wird, die Querkraftbelastung aus dem Riementrieb 9 auf die Außenwelle 1 geleitet wird unter entsprechender radialkräftefreier Lagerung der Innenwelle 2. Die Lagerung der Innenwelle 2 in der Außenwelle 1 ist dabei ausschließlich über die Verstiftung der Innenwelle über Stifte 4 mit den ersten Nocken 3 gegeben. Mit anderen Worten kann diese Lagerung als eine Aufhängung der Innenwelle 2 an den mit den ersten Nocken 3 verbundenen Stiften 4 betrachtet werden.A stationary mounting of the camshaft is indicated by the bearing 8. A belt operation, via which the camshaft is driven by the crankshaft of an automotive engine, is designated by 9. This belt drive 9 can of course also be a chain drive or a drive of any kind. The drawn belt of the belt drive 9 engages on a drive connecting means 10 of the camshaft. This connection means 10 is supported with respect to a transverse force stress with respect to the axis of the camshaft via bearing elements 11 on the outer shaft 1. The drive connection means 10 also has torque transmission means 12, with the aid of which the camshaft, on the one hand, is driven in terms of rotational speed and with which, on the other hand, the mutual rotatability between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 with respect to the connection means 10 can be generated. Such devices are known in the prior art, which is why no further details of these known drive and adjusting means is received. Through the schema representation in Fig. 1 should only be demonstrated as in an adjustable camshaft, which is driven by a belt drive, the transverse force load from the belt drive 9 is directed to the outer shaft 1 with corresponding radial forces free bearing of the inner shaft 2. The bearing of the inner shaft 2 in the outer shaft 1 is exclusive about the pinning of the inner shaft via pins 4 with the first cam 3 given. In other words, this bearing can be regarded as a suspension of the inner shaft 2 to the pins 4 connected to the first cams 3.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung bezieht sich speziell auf die Fig. 2 bis 5.The following description refers specifically to the Fig. 2 to 5 ,

Dabei wird als nächstes das Zusammenfügen von Außen- und Innenwelle 1, 2 erläutert.In this case, the joining of outer and inner shaft 1, 2 will be explained next.

Vor einem Einführen in die Außenwelle 1 wird auf die Innenwelle 2 eine Montagehülse 13 mit einer Schiebesitzpassung aufgeschoben. Zusammen mit der Montagehülse 13 wird die Innenwelle 2 sodann in die Außenwelle 1 eingeschoben. Die Montagehülse 13 besteht aus inkompressiblem Material, insbesondere einem dünnen Stahlblech. Die Dicke der Montagehülsen 13 -Wand bestimmt das radiale Spiel zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2,1. Dies bedeutet anders ausgedrückt, das radiale Spiel zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2,1 ist so auszulegen, dass die Innenwelle 2 mit aufgesetzter Montagehülse 13 in die Außenwelle 1 eingeschoben werden kann.Before insertion into the outer shaft 1, a mounting sleeve 13 is pushed with a sliding fit on the inner shaft 2. Together with the mounting sleeve 13, the inner shaft 2 is then inserted into the outer shaft 1. The mounting sleeve 13 is made of incompressible material, in particular a thin steel sheet. The thickness of the mounting sleeves 13 wall determines the radial clearance between inner and outer shaft 2.1. In other words, the radial clearance between the inner and outer shaft 2.1 is to be interpreted as meaning that the inner shaft 2 can be inserted with mounted mounting sleeve 13 in the outer shaft 1.

Die Verstiftung zwischen Innenwelle 2 und den diesen zugeordneten ersten Nocken 3 erfolgt in einem Zustand, in dem sich die Montagehülse 13 zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2.1 befindet. Um die Stifte 4, mit denen die ersten Nocken 3 fest mit der Innenwelle 2 verbunden werden, montieren zu können, müssen radiale Ausnehmungen in der Außenwelle 1 und in der Montagehülse 13 verbunden sein. Die Ausnehmungen in der Außenwelle 1 sind als sich in Umfangsrichtung der Außenwelle erstreckende Langlöcher ausgebildet, deren Länge den Verstellwinkel zwischen Außen- und Innenwelle 1, 2 begrenzt. In der Montagehülse 13 befinden sich an einem ihrer Enden diametral gegenüberliegende, axiale Nuten 14, die axial offen aus der Montagehülse 13 auslaufen. Durch die axialen Nuten 14 können die Stifte 4 jeweils montiert werden. Die Montage der Stifte 4 erfolgt durch ein kraftschlüssiges Einpressen in Bohrungen der jeweils ersten Nocken 3 und der Innenwelle 2. Auf diese Weise wird eine Presssitzverbindung zwischen ersten Nocken 3 und der Innenwelle 2 erzielt. Für eine vereinfachte Montage werden die Stifte 4 unterkühlt in die betreffenden Bohrungen von ersten Nocken 3 und Innenwelle 2 eingeführt. Dabei können insbesondere dann radiale Einpresskräfte auftreten, wenn die Bohrungen, in die die Stifte 4 einzuführen sind, durch herstellungsbedingte Toleranzabweichungen nicht exakt fluchten. Durch das Vorhandensein der Montagehülse 13 während eines solchen Einpressvorganges kann die Innenwelle 1 sich unter auf sie radial einwirkenden Einpresskräften praktisch längs ihrer Achse nicht verbiegen, da sie durch die formschlüssig in dem Ringspalt zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 liegende Montagehülse 13 hieran gehindert wird. Damit kann lediglich eine Verlagerung der Innenwelle 2 um das geringe Schiebesitzspiel der Montagehülse 13 innerhalb des Ringspaltes zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 stattfinden. Eine solche Verlagerung wäre, auch wenn sie aufträte, unkritisch, da nach dem Entfernen der Montagehülse 13 ein durch eine solche Verlagerung nicht aufhebbares Radialspiel verbleibt. Die Verstiftung der einzelnen ersten Nocken 3 beginnt jeweils an einem Ende der Nockenwelle und schreitet sodann über die Länge der Nockenwelle unter jeweiligem, schrittweisem Herausziehen der Montagehülse 13 aus der Außenwelle 1 fort. Ein solches Herausziehen der Montagehülse 13 ist notwendig, um die Stift 4 jeweils durch die axialen Nuten 14 einführen zu können. Nach Abschluss der Verstiftungen zwischen sämtlichen ersten Nocken 3 und der Innenwelle 2 wird die Montagehülse 13 vollständig von der Nockenwelle getrennt. Der Zustand, in dem diese vollständige Trennung erfolgt, ist in Fig. 2 und 3 am rechten Ende der Nockenwelle dargestellt. Die Montagehülse 13 kann sodann für die Montage weiterer entsprechender Nockenwellen verwendet werden.The pinning between the inner shaft 2 and the first cam 3 associated therewith takes place in a state in which the mounting sleeve 13 is located between the inner and outer shaft 2.1. In order to mount the pins 4, with which the first cam 3 are fixedly connected to the inner shaft 2, radial recesses in the outer shaft 1 and in the mounting sleeve 13 must be connected. The recesses in the outer shaft 1 are formed as in the circumferential direction of the outer shaft extending slots whose length limits the adjustment between the outer and inner shaft 1, 2. In the mounting sleeve 13 are diametrically opposed, axial grooves 14 at one of its ends, which open axially from the mounting sleeve 13 expire. Through the axial grooves 14, the pins 4 can be mounted respectively. The mounting of the pins 4 is carried out by a force-fitting press-fit into bores of the respective first cam 3 and the inner shaft 2. In this way, a press-fit connection between the first cam 3 and the inner shaft 2 is achieved. For a simplified assembly, the pins 4 are subcooled introduced into the respective holes of the first cam 3 and inner shaft 2. In this case, radial press-in forces can occur, in particular, when the bores into which the pins 4 are to be inserted are not exactly aligned by tolerance deviations due to production. Due to the presence of the mounting sleeve 13 during such a press-fitting operation, the inner shaft 1 can be subject to radially acting on pressing forces virtually do not bend along its axis, since it is prevented by the form fit in the annular gap between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 mounting sleeve 13 thereto. Thus, only a displacement of the inner shaft 2 to the small sliding seat clearance of the mounting sleeve 13 within the annular gap between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 take place. Such a displacement would be uncritical, even if it occurred, because after removal of the mounting sleeve 13 remains a non-reversible by such a displacement radial clearance. The pinning of each of the first cams 3 begins at one end of the camshaft and then proceeds along the length of the camshaft with respective stepwise withdrawal of the mounting sleeve 13 from the outer shaft 1. Such extraction of the mounting sleeve 13 is necessary in order to introduce the pin 4 respectively through the axial grooves 14 can. After completion of the pinning between all the first cam 3 and the inner shaft 2, the mounting sleeve 13 is completely separated from the camshaft. The state in which this complete separation occurs is in Fig. 2 and 3 shown at the right end of the camshaft. The mounting sleeve 13 can then be used for the assembly of further corresponding camshafts.

Die ersten Nocken 3 sind als Doppelnocken ausgeführt. Hergestellt wird eine solche Doppelnocke wie an sich bekannte gebaute Nockenwellen, indem einzelne Nocken 3', 3" passgenau auf ein Basisrohr 3"' aufgeschrumpft werden. Bei den Doppelnocken greift der Stift 4 lediglich in das Basisrohr 3"' ein und zwar in einem Bereich, der axial zwischen den beiden Nocken 3"' und 3" liegt. Anstelle einer Schrumpfverbindung sind alternativ oder zusätzlich noch Verbindungen durch Kleben, Schweißen, Aufweiten des Basisrohres 3"', ein beliebiges formschlüssiges Verfahren oder dergleichen möglich.The first cams 3 are designed as double cams. Such a double cam is produced as per se known built camshafts by individual cam 3 ', 3 "are shrunk fit on a base tube 3"' shrunk. In the case of the double cams, the pin 4 only engages in the base tube 3 "'. in and in an area which is axially between the two cams 3 "'and 3". Instead of a shrink connection are alternatively or additionally still connections by gluing, welding, expansion of the base tube 3 "', any form-locking method or the like possible.

Die aus den Einzelnocken 3', 3" und einem Basisrohr 3"', mit dem sie fest verbunden sind, bestehende Baueinheit kann zusätzlich noch weitere Funktionselemente der Nockenwelle enthalten. So zeigt Fig. 6 beispielsweise einen mit dem Basisrohr 3"' fest verbundenen, auf seinem Umfang Positionierabschnitte aufweisenden Drehwinkelgeber (26) als Funktionselement.The assembly consisting of the individual cams 3 ', 3 "and a base tube 3"', with which they are firmly connected, may additionally contain further functional elements of the camshaft. So shows Fig. 6 For example, one with the base tube 3 "'firmly connected, on its circumference positioning portions having rotary encoder (26) as a functional element.

Weiterhin kann zwischen der Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 eine Feder montiert sein, durch die bei einem inaktiven Verstellantrieb der Nockenwelle eine vorbestimmbare Drehwinkelzuordnung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 automatisch eingestellt wird. Die Feder ist zu diesem Zweck an der Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 anzubinden. An der Innenwelle 2 kann dies über ein Widerlager erfolgen, das als erfindungsgemäßes Funktionselement auf dem Basisrohr 3"' befestigt und gegebenenfalls dort in einen Drehwinkelgeber 26 integriert sein kann. Diese Feder ist zeichnerisch nicht dargestellt.Furthermore, it can be mounted between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1, a spring through which a predeterminable rotational angle assignment between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 is automatically adjusted at an inactive adjustment of the camshaft. The spring is to be connected for this purpose to the inner and outer shaft 2, 1. This can take place on the inner shaft 2 via an abutment which can be fastened as a functional element according to the invention on the base tube 3 "'and if appropriate can be integrated there in a rotary encoder 26. This spring is not shown in the drawing.

Durch die Lagerringe 6 hindurch wird der Ringspalt 15 zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 mit unter Druck zugeführtem Schmieröl versorgt. Zu diesem Zweck sind in den Lagerringen 6 entsprechend der Darstellung in Fig. 4 vier Zuführbohrungen 16 vorgesehen. Diese Zuführbohrungen 16 münden in einen Ringskanal 17 zwischen Lagerring 6 und Außenwelle 1. Von diesem Ringkanal 17 aus führen lediglich zwei Radialbohrungen 18 in den Ringspalt 15. Bei dieser Ausführung besteht eine Besonderheit darin, dass weniger Radialbohrungen 18 als Zuführbohrungen 16 vorgesehen werden. Diese Besonderheit wird dadurch möglich, dass die Zuführbohrungen 16 nicht radial außen von einer ringförmig anstehenden Schmierölquelle aus versorgt werden, sondern jeweils abschnittsweise durch Fluchtung mit radial ausgerichteten, entsprechenden, in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Versorgungskanälen.Through the bearing rings 6, the annular gap 15 between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 supplied with supplied under pressure lubricating oil. For this purpose, in the bearing rings 6 as shown in FIG Fig. 4 four feed holes 16 provided. This feed bores 16 open into an annular channel 17 between bearing ring 6 and outer shaft 1. From this annular channel 17 lead from only two radial bores 18 in the annular gap 15. In this embodiment, a special feature is that fewer radial bores 18 are provided as Zuführbohrungen 16. This peculiarity is made possible by the fact that the supply bores 16 are not supplied radially from the outside by a ring-shaped lubricating oil source, but in each case in sections by alignment with radially aligned, corresponding supply ducts (not shown in the drawing).

Von dem Ringspalt 15 aus gelangt das Schmieröl über die Ausnehmungen in der Außenwelle 1, durch die die Stifte 4 geführt sind, an die Schmierstellen zwischen Außenwelle 1 und drehbar auf dieser gelagerten ersten Nocken 3.From the annular gap 15 from the lubricating oil passes through the recesses in the outer shaft 1, through which the pins 4 are guided, to the lubrication points between the outer shaft 1 and rotatably mounted on this first cam third

Um zu verhindern, dass unter Druck stehendes Schmieröl an den Enden der Innenwelle 2 aus dem Ringspalt 15 austreten kann, sind dort jeweils den Ringspalt 15 dichtende Ringdichtungen 19 vorgesehen.In order to prevent pressurized lubricating oil from escaping from the annular gap 15 at the ends of the inner shaft 2, the annular gap 15 is provided with sealing ring seals 19 in each case.

Nachfolgend wird auf die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Nockenwellen-Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 näher eingegangen und zwar in erster Linie mit Bezug auf die Fig. 2 und 3.In the following, the embodiment of the camshaft drive connecting means 10 according to the invention will be described in greater detail, specifically with reference to FIGS Fig. 2 and 3 ,

Eines der beiden Enden der Außenwelle 1 ist mit einem Anschlussflansch 7 versehen, der Bestandteil der Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 ist. In dem Anschlussflansch 7 sind radiale Ausnehmungen 20 vorgesehen, durch die ein Anschlussstift 21 hindurchgreift. Zwischen den diametral gegenüberliegenden radialen Ausnehmungen 20 durchgreift der Anschlussstift 21 kraftschlüssig eine entsprechende Bohrung innerhalb der Innenwelle 2. Die radialen Ausnehmungen 20 besitzen in Umfangsrichtung eine Länge, die den Verstellwinkel zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 bestimmt. Der Anschlussstift 21 stellt ein erstes Kraftübertragungselement dar. An dieses erste Kraftübertragungselement als Stift 21 wird innerhalb der Antriebs-Anschluss-Mittel 10 ein zweites Kraftübertragungselement - nicht gezeichnet - kraft- und formschlüssig angeschlossen. Der Anschluss erfolgt in einfacher Weise dadurch, dass das zweite Kraftübertragungselement eine axial ausgerichtete, dem ersten Kraftübertragungselement 21 zugeordnete Axialnut aufweist, wodurch das zweite Kraftübertragungselement auf das erste Kraftübertragungselement 21 passgenau aufgeschoben werden kann.One of the two ends of the outer shaft 1 is provided with a connection flange 7, which is part of the drive connection means 10. In the connecting flange 7 are radial Recesses 20 provided through which a pin 21 engages. Between the diametrically opposite radial recesses 20 of the connecting pin 21 frictionally passes through a corresponding bore within the inner shaft 2. The radial recesses 20 have in the circumferential direction a length which determines the adjustment angle between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1. The connecting pin 21 represents a first force transmission element. At this first power transmission element as a pin 21 is within the drive connection means 10, a second power transmission element - not shown - positively and positively connected. The connection is made in a simple manner in that the second force transmission element has an axially aligned, the first force transmission element 21 associated axial groove, whereby the second force transmission element can be slid onto the first force transmission element 21 fit.

Eine weitere Funktion des Anschlussstiftes 21 besteht darin, die Innenwelle 2 gegenüber der Außenwelle 1 axial zu fixieren. Auf diese Weise wird eine äußerst einfache, axiale Fixierung der Innenwelle 2 innerhalb der Außenwelle 1 erreicht und zwar lediglich an einem Ende der Nockenwelle. Hierdurch bleiben unterschiedliche Ausdehnungen zwischen Außenwelle 1 und Innenwelle 2, wenn solche auftreten sollten, ohne jeglichen Einfluss auf die axiale Fixierung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1.Another function of the connecting pin 21 is to fix the inner shaft 2 with respect to the outer shaft 1 axially. In this way, an extremely simple, axial fixation of the inner shaft 2 is achieved within the outer shaft 1 and only at one end of the camshaft. This leaves different expansions between outer shaft 1 and inner shaft 2, if such should occur without any influence on the axial fixation between inner and outer shaft 2, first

Um sowohl für die axiale Fixierung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 einerseits und der Verbindung mit dem zweiten Kraftübertragungselement möglichst große kraftübertragende Flächen an dem Anschlussstift 21 zu besitzen, ist dieser mit jeweils diametral gegenüberliegenden ebenen Anschlussflächen in einerseits Umfangsrichtung der Nockenwelle und andererseits in axialer Richtung der Nockenwelle ausgerüstet. In der Zeichnung ist von diesen insgesamt vier ebenen Flächen lediglich eine exemplarisch mit 22 bezeichnet. Die Eckbereiche zwischen den vier ebenen Flächen sind auf einem Kreisumfang liegend ausgebildet. Auf diesen Kreisumfangssegmenten ist der Anschlussstift 21 sicher und passgenau innerhalb der Innenwelle 2 fixiert.In order to have both the axial fixation between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 on the one hand and the connection with the second power transmission element as large force-transmitting surfaces on the pin 21, this is each with diametrically opposed planar pads in the one hand circumferential direction of the camshaft and on the other hand in the axial Direction of the camshaft equipped. In the drawing, only four of these four flat surfaces are designated by way of example as 22. The corner regions between the four flat surfaces are formed lying on a circumference. On these circular circumference segments, the connecting pin 21 is securely and accurately fixed within the inner shaft 2.

In der Antriebs-Anschlussmittel-Einrichtung 10 befindet sich innerhalb des Anschlussflansches 7 ein ortsfest gelagerter Konus 23 für eine Druckölversorgung. Für diese Druckölversorgung dient ein Ringspalt 24 zwischen diesem Konus 23 und dem Anschlussflansch 7, der an seinem der Innenwelle 2 zugewandten Ende durch eine Ringdichtung 25 gedichtet ist. Auf diese Weise wird auf das Ende der Innenwelle 2 von dort aus kein hydraulischer Druck ausgeübt, der zu einer Reibungserhöhung bei einem Verdrehen der Innenwelle 2 gegenüber der Außenwelle 1 führen könnte.In the drive-connection means device 10 is located within the connection flange 7, a stationary mounted cone 23 for a pressure oil supply. For this pressure oil supply is an annular gap 24 between this cone 23 and the connecting flange 7, which is sealed at its the inner shaft 2 end facing by a ring seal 25. In this way, no hydraulic pressure is exerted on the end of the inner shaft 2 from there, which could lead to an increase in friction during a rotation of the inner shaft 2 relative to the outer shaft 1.

Bei einer Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2 kann sich an dem in der Zeichnung rechten Ende, das in Fig. 7 dargestellt ist, in den nicht von der Innenwelle 2 ausgefüllten Hohlraum der Außenwelle 1 Schmieröl ansammeln, das beispielsweise von einem ölgeschmierten Lagerring 6 am Ende der Außenwelle 1 in diesen Raum innerhalb der Außenwelle 1 eindringen kann. Soweit dieses eindringende Öl unter Druck zugeführt wird, würde sich bei einem vollständig gefüllten Raum innerhalb der Außenwelle 1 ein Axialdruck auf die an diesen Raum angrenzende Innenwelle 2 aufbauen. Dies würde wiederum zu einer zusätzlichen Reibung bei einer Relativbewegung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 führen. Um einen solchen Druckaufbau von Schmieröl in dem betreffenden Raum zu vermeiden, können radial nach außen führende Öffnungen 28 in dem Außenmantel 1 in dem betreffenden Bereich angeordnet sein.After a camshaft Fig. 2 can be at the right in the drawing, the end in Fig. 7 is shown, in the not filled by the inner shaft 2 cavity of the outer shaft 1 accumulate lubricating oil, for example, from a oil-lubricated bearing ring 6 at the end of the outer shaft 1 can penetrate into this space within the outer shaft 1. As far as this penetrating oil is supplied under pressure, an axial pressure on the inner shaft 2 adjacent to this space would build up in a completely filled space within the outer shaft 1. This would in turn lead to additional friction during a relative movement between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1. To avoid such pressure build-up of lubricating oil in the space in question, radially outwardly leading openings 28 may be disposed in the outer shell 1 in the area in question.

Bei den Ausführungen nach den Fig. 8 bis 10 ist eine Ölversorgung der Nockenwelle von innen durch einen axialen Zuführkanal 29 in der Außenwelle 1 an deren der Antriebsseite entgegengesetzten Ende vorgesehen. Diese Ölversorgung ist eine Alternative zu der bei der Ausführung nach den Fig. 2 bis 4 gezeigten Ölversorgung durch in der Außenwelle 1 vorgesehene radiale Öffnungen 18, die durch radiale Bohrungen 16 eines Lagerringes 6 mit unter Druck zugeführtem Schmieröl versorgt werden.In the versions after the Fig. 8 to 10 is an oil supply to the camshaft from the inside through an axial feed channel 29 in the outer shaft 1 at the drive end opposite end provided. This oil supply is an alternative to that in the execution of the Fig. 2 to 4 shown oil supply provided in the outer shaft 1 radial openings 18 which are supplied by radial bores 16 of a bearing ring 6 with supplied under pressure lubricating oil.

Wird die Ölversorgung des Inneren der Nockenwelle durch einen vorstehend genannten Ölzuführkanal 29 bewirkt, so muss dieser Zuführkanal 29 dichtungsfrei mit dem Ringspalt 15 zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 kommunizieren können. Mit Bezug auf die Ausführung nach Fig. 2 bedeutet dies, dass der dort vorgesehene radiale Dichtring 19 nicht vorhanden sein darf. Das gleiche gilt für den radialen Dichtring an dem entgegengesetzten Ende der Nockenwelle. Ohne solche Dichtungen 19 kann in den Zuführkanal 29 unter Druck eingeführtes Schmieröl durch den Ringspalt 15 zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 hindurch strömen bis zu dem Antriebsende der Nockenwelle hin. Dort kann dieses Schmieröl durch die bei der Ausführung der Nockenwelle nach Fig. 2 vorgesehene radiale Ausnehmung 20 nach außen abfließen.If the oil supply to the interior of the camshaft is effected by an aforementioned oil feed channel 29, then this feed channel 29 must be able to communicate with the annular gap 15 between inner and outer shaft 2, 1 in a seal-free manner. With reference to the execution after Fig. 2 This means that there provided radial sealing ring 19 may not be present. The same applies to the radial sealing ring the opposite end of the camshaft. Without such seals 19, lubricating oil introduced under pressure into the feed channel 29 can flow through the annular gap 15 between the inner and outer shafts 2, 1 as far as the drive end of the camshaft. There, this lubricating oil by the in the execution of the camshaft after Fig. 2 provided radial recess 20 to flow outward.

Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 10 wird der axiale Zuführkanal 29 von dem an diesem Ende der Nockenwelle vorgesehenen Lagerring 6 aus versorgt, wobei um das betreffende Ende der Nockenwelle ein von der Schmierung des Lagerringes 6 beaufschlagter Übergangsraum 30 vorgesehen ist, von dem aus dem Lagerring 6 unter Druck zugeführtes Schmieröl in das Innere der Außenwelle 1 einströmen kann.In the execution after Fig. 10 the axial feed channel 29 is supplied by the bearing ring 6 provided at this end of the camshaft, whereby a transition space 30 acted upon by the lubrication of the bearing ring 6 is provided around the respective end of the camshaft, from the lubricating oil supplied under pressure from the bearing ring 6 into the Inside the outer shaft 1 can flow.

In den Zuführkanal 29 kann alternativ Schmieröl auch durch eine axial in den Zuführkanal 29 fördernde Öl-Spritzdüse 26 gemäß der in Fig. 9 dargestellten Ausführung eingebracht werden. Es kann hier beispielsweise eine Öl-Einspritzdüse als Ölversorgungseinrichtung 32 eingesetzt werden, wie sie für eine Anspritzkühlung eines Hubkolbens eines Verbrennungsmotores in allgemein bekannter Weise eingesetzt wird.Alternatively, lubricating oil can also be introduced into the feed channel 29 through an oil injection nozzle 26, which conveys axially into the feed channel 29, in accordance with FIG Fig. 9 illustrated embodiment are introduced. Here, for example, an oil injection nozzle can be used as oil supply device 32, as used for injection-cooling of a reciprocating piston of an internal combustion engine in a generally known manner.

Besonders zweckmäßig ist eine in Fig. 8 gezeigte Ausführung einer Nockenwelle mit einem Zuführkanal 29, bei der in den Zuführkanal 29 ein Filter 27 eingesetzt ist. Dieses Filter 27 kann als ein scheibenförmiges Partikelsieb ausgebildet sein. Dieses Partikelsieb kann glocken- beziehungsweise trichterförmig ausgeführt sein, mit jeweils einem verschlossenen stromauf liegenden Ende. Eine solche glockenförmige Ausführung besitzt den Vorteil, dass aus dem Schmieröl abgeschiedene Schmutzpartikel auf Grund der von der drehenden Nockenwelle ausgehenden Zentrifugalkraft sich radial vom Sieb ablösen und an der Innenseite des Rohrs anlagern können. Der zentrale Filterbereich bleibt auf diese Weise auch bei langen Betriebszeiten der Nockenwelle im wesentlichen schmutzablagerungsfrei.Particularly useful is an in Fig. 8 shown embodiment of a camshaft having a feed channel 29, in which in the feed channel 29, a filter 27 is inserted. This filter 27 may be formed as a disc-shaped particle screen. This particle sieve can be bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, each with a closed upstream end. Such a bell-shaped design has the advantage that due to the centrifugal force emitted by the rotating camshaft, dirt particles separated from the lubricating oil can detach radially from the sieve and accumulate on the inside of the tube. The central filter area remains in this way, even with long periods of operation of the camshaft substantially dirt-free.

Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 2 erfolgt eine axiale Fixierung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 über einen radialen Anschlussstift 21, der beide Wellen 1, 2 durchdringt. Eine Alternative zu einer solchen axialen Fixierung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 zeigt die Fig. 12 und zwar in zwei unterschiedlichen Varianten nach den Teilen a und b Dieser Figur.In the execution after Fig. 2 An axial fixation between the inner and outer shaft 2, 1 via a radial connecting pin 21, which penetrates both shafts 1, 2 takes place. An alternative to such axial fixation between inner and outer shaft 2, 1 shows the Fig. 12 and in two different variants according to the parts a and b of this figure.

Diese alternative Fixierung besteht darin, dass der erste mit der Innenwelle 2 verbundene, verstellbare Nocken 3 axial passgenau zwischen zwei benachbarte, fest mit der Außenwelle 1 verbundene zweite Nocken montiert wird. Um eine solche passgenaue Montage erhalten zu können, sind die axialen Breiten entweder eines betreffenden ersten Nockens 3 und/oder der benachbarten zweiten Nocken 5 entsprechend auszulegen. Dies bedeutet, dass die betreffenden Nocken 3, 5 mit axialen, als Anschläge wirkenden Verlängerungen derart auszurüsten sind, dass eine axiale Passung, das heißt Fixierung zwischen Innen- und Außenwelle exakt gegeben ist.This alternative fixation is that the first, connected to the inner shaft 2, adjustable cam 3 axially accurate fit between two adjacent, fixedly connected to the outer shaft 1 second cam is mounted. In order to be able to obtain such a precisely fitting assembly, the axial widths of either a relevant first cam 3 and / or the adjacent second cam 5 are to be interpreted accordingly. This means that the respective cams 3, 5 are equipped with axial, acting as stops extensions such that an axial fit, that is fixation between inner and outer shaft is exactly given.

Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 12a liegt ein gebauter erster Doppel-Nocken 3 vor, dessen axiale Breite derart ausgelegt ist, dass eine axiale Passung zwischen zwei benachbarten, fest mit der Außenwelle 1 verbundenen zweiten Nocken 5 erreichbar ist. Bei der Montage der zweiten Nocken 5 auf der Außenwelle 2 ist darauf zu achten, dass ein möglichst geringes, jedoch noch ausreichendes Verdrehspiel zwischen ersten und zweiten Nocken 3; 5 gewährleistet ist.In the execution after Fig. 12a there is a built first double cam 3 whose axial width is designed such that an axial fit between two adjacent, fixed to the outer shaft 1 second cam 5 can be achieved. When mounting the second cam 5 on the outer shaft 2 is to ensure that the smallest possible, but still sufficient backlash between the first and second cam 3; 5 is guaranteed.

Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 12b sind die zweiten Nocken 5 mit die axiale Breite verlängernden Anschlägen versehen, um den ersten Nocken 3 axial passgenau zwischen zwei benachbarten, entsprechend ausgebildeten zweiten Nocken 5 fixieren zu können.In the execution after Fig. 12b the second cams 5 are provided with stops extending the axial width in order to be able to fix the first cam 3 axially accurately between two adjacent, correspondingly formed second cams 5.

In Fig. 11 ist bei dem Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 nach der Ausführung in Fig. 2 eine andere Art der Ölversorgung eines dort angeschlossenen Hydraulik-Ölantriebes vorgesehen. Das betreffende Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 ist in Fig. 11 mit 10' bezeichnet. Dieses Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10' ist mit Ölführungskanälen 31 versehen. Diese Ölführungskanäle 31 führen jeweils nach radial außen einenends in eine Ölversorgungseinrichtung 32 und anderenends in einem Hydraulikantrieb 33. Die Bauelemente 32 und 33 sind in der Zeichnung lediglich strichpunktiert angedeutet. Als Ölversorgungseinrichtung 32 dient in dem gezeichneten Beispiel eine Lagereinrichtung der Nockenwelle, wobei das Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 als ein fest mit der Außenwelle 1 verbundener innerer Lagerring ausgebildet ist, während die Ölversorgung durch Versorgungskanäle 34 innerhalb eines stationären, den inneren Lagerring führenden äußeren Lagerringes vorgesehen sind. Eine solche Ölversorgung einer hydraulisch arbeitenden Nockenwellenverstelleinrichtung ist äußerst vorteilhaft, da sie mit wenigen Bauelementen realisierbar ist. Insbesondere baut eine solche Ölversorgungseinrichtung antriebseitig axial kurz, so dass axialer Bauraum eingespart werden kann.In Fig. 11 is at the drive-connection means 10 according to the embodiment in Fig. 2 another type of oil supply of a hydraulic oil drive connected there provided. The relevant drive connection means 10 is in Fig. 11 denoted by 10 '. This drive connection means 10 'is provided with oil guide channels 31. These oil guide channels 31 each lead radially outward one end into an oil supply device 32 and the other end in a hydraulic drive 33. The components 32 and 33 are indicated in the drawing only by dash-dotted lines. As an oil supply device 32 is used in the illustrated example, a bearing device of the camshaft, wherein the drive connection means 10 as a fixed to the outer shaft 1 connected inner bearing ring is formed, while the oil supply through supply channels 34 are provided within a stationary, the inner bearing ring leading outer bearing ring. Such oil supply of a hydraulically operating camshaft adjusting device is extremely advantageous because it can be realized with a few components. In particular, such an oil supply device on the drive side builds axially short, so that axial space can be saved.

Bei den sich gegeneinander bewegenden Teilen der erfindungsgemäßen Nockenwelle kann eventuell auf eine Ölschmierung ganz oder zumindest weitestgehend verzichtet werden, wenn die Gegenlaufpartner einerseits verschleißbeschichtet und andererseits mit einer gehärteten Oberfläche versehen sind. Mit einer gehärteten Oberfläche versehen können insbesondere die Außenwelle und Doppelnocken sein.In the case of the mutually moving parts of the camshaft according to the invention may possibly be dispensed with oil lubrication completely or at least largely, if the mating partners are on the one hand wear-coated and on the other hand provided with a hardened surface. Provided with a hardened surface can be in particular the outer shaft and double cams.

Während bei den gezeichneten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen der Verstellantrieb für die verstellbare Nockenwelle jeweils als ein Hydraulikantrieb beschrieben ist, können selbstverständlich auch mechanische oder elektrische Antriebe eingesetzt werden. Die übrigen erfindungsgemäßen Besonderheiten der Nockenwelle bleiben hiervon unberührt.While in the illustrated and described embodiments of the adjustment for the adjustable camshaft is described in each case as a hydraulic drive, of course, mechanical or electrical drives can be used. The remaining features according to the invention of the camshaft remain unaffected.

Bei dem Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10" nach Fig. 13 wird wie bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 11 eine möglichst geringe axiale Länge angestrebt. Die Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10" lagern auf einem ortsfesten Konus 23. Durch diesen Konus 23 führen von der linken Stirnseite des Konus aus versorgte Ölführungskanäle 31'. Diese Ölführungskanäle 31' sind innerhalb des Konus 23 rechtwinklig verlaufend ausgebildet, wodurch sie radial aus dem Konus 23 in einen Ringspalt 24 zwischen dem Konus 23 und dem Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 münden. Dieser Ringspalt 24 ist durch Ringdichtungen 25 in axial voneinander getrennte Abschnitte unterteilt. Diese axialen Abschnitte sind jeweils mit innerhalb des Antriebs-Anschlussmittels 10" nach radial außen in einen Hydraulik-Antrieb 33 führenden Radialbohrungen 39 verbunden. Die Anzahl dieser Radialbohrungen 39 ist für einen bestimmten Hydraulik-Antrieb 33 mit insgesamt 4 vorgegeben. Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 13 wird die Funktion einer dieser vier Radialbohrungen in einen an sich zu anderen Zwecken dienenden Bereich des Antriebs-Anschlussmittels 10" integriert. Dabei handelt es sich um denjenigen Bereich des Antriebs-Anschlussmittels 10", in den sich der Anschlussstift 21 befindet, durch dessen Betätigung die Innen- und Außenwelle 2, 1 gegeneinander verdreht werden können. Der AnschlussstiftIn the drive connection means 10 "after Fig. 13 is like the execution after Fig. 11 sought the smallest possible axial length. The drive connection means 10 "bear on a stationary cone 23. Through this cone 23 lead supplied from the left end face of the cone from oil guide channels 31 '. These oil guide channels 31 'are formed running at right angles within the cone 23, whereby they open radially out of the cone 23 in an annular gap 24 between the cone 23 and the drive connection means 10. This annular gap 24 is divided by annular seals 25 in axially separate sections. These axial sections are in each case connected to radial bores 39 leading radially outward into a hydraulic drive 33 within the drive connection means 10 ".The number of radial bores 39 is specified for a specific hydraulic drive 33 with a total of 4. In the embodiment according to FIG Fig. 13 the function of one of these four radial bores is integrated into an otherwise separate area of the drive connection means 10 ", which is the area of the drive connection means 10" in which the connection pin 21 is located Inner and outer shaft 2, 1 can be rotated against each other. The pin

21 durchgreift in dem Antriebsanschlussmittel 10" eine radiale Öffnung 20. Diese Öffnung 20 füllt der Anschlussstift 21 in Umfangsrichtung nicht aus, da diese Ausnehmung 20 in dieser Richtung eine Dreh-Verstellung des Anschlussstiftes 21 erlauben muss. Damit die Ausnehmung 20 die gleiche Funktion erfüllen kann wie die Radialbohrungen 39, sind zusätzliche Dichtungen in der Form von beispielsweise Ringdichtungen 41 und 42 erforderlich. Die Ringdichtung 41 dichtet den Raum der Ausnehmung 20 gegenüber dem Ringspalt zwischen Außen- und Innenwelle 1, 2. Die Ringdichtung 42 sorgt für eine Dichtung nach außen innerhalb des Hydraulik-Antriebs 33.21 passes through in the drive connection means 10 "a radial opening 20. This opening 20 fills the connection pin 21 in the circumferential direction, since this recess 20 must allow in this direction a rotational adjustment of the connecting pin 21. So that the recess 20 can perform the same function like the radial bores 39, additional seals are required in the form of, for example, ring seals 41 and 42. The ring seal 41 seals the space of the recess 20 with respect to the annular gap between outer ring seals 41 and 42. and inner shaft 1, 2. The annular seal 42 provides a seal to the outside within the hydraulic drive 33rd

Fig. 14 zeigt eine weitere, alternative Ausführung des Antriebs-Anschlussmittels 10 bei einer Grundausführung dieses Antriebs-Anschlussmittels nach der Ausführung in Fig. 2. Die axiale Verkürzung mit Bezug auf die Nockenwelle wird bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 14 durch ein Verlagern des Anschlussstiftes 21 in das axial Innere des benachbarten Lagerringes erreicht, wobei dieser Lagerring integrierter Bestandteil des Anschlussflansches 7 ist. Fig. 14 shows a further alternative embodiment of the drive connection means 10 in a basic version of this drive connection means according to the embodiment in Fig. 2 , The axial shortening with respect to the camshaft is in the execution after Fig. 14 achieved by a displacement of the connecting pin 21 in the axial interior of the adjacent bearing ring, said bearing ring is an integral part of the connecting flange 7.

Um bei einer solchen Unterbringung des Anschlussstiftes 21 innerhalb des unter anderem den antriebsseitigen Lagerring bildenden Anschlussflansches 7 den Anschlussstift 21 montieren zu können, muss der Anschlussflansch 7 in diesem Bereich aus einem zentralen Kernbereich sowie einem das Lagern bildenden aufgesetzten Lagerring 36 bestehen.In order to be able to mount the connecting pin 21 in such a housing of the connecting pin 21 within the connecting flange 7 forming, inter alia, the drive-side bearing ring, the connecting flange 7 must consist of a central core area and a bearing ring 36 which forms the bearing in this area.

In Fig. 14 ist als Kraftübertragungselement, durch das das zum Verdrehen des Anschlussstiftes 21 erforderliche Drehmoment von dem Hydraulik-Antrieb 33 übertragen wird, in der Form einer Verbindungsgabel 38 ausgeführt.In Fig. 14 is designed as a power transmission element, by means of which the torque required to rotate the connecting pin 21 is transmitted by the hydraulic drive 33, in the form of a connection fork 38.

Um eine verdrehsichere Verbindung zwischen dem Antriebs-Anschlussmittel 10 mit einem zugeordneten Kraftübertragungselement des Hydraulik-Antriebes 33 gewährleisten zu können, erfolgt diese Verbindung über einen Formschluss in Drehrichtung und zwar beispielsweise durch eine Verdrehsicherung 37 in der Form einer Nut- und Federsicherung.In order to ensure a rotationally secure connection between the drive connection means 10 with an associated force transmission element of the hydraulic drive 33, this connection is made via a positive connection in the direction of rotation namely, for example, by a rotation 37 in the form of a tongue and groove safety.

Alle in der Beschreibung und in den nachfolgenden Ansprüchen dargestellten Merkmale können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Form miteinander kombiniert erfindungswesentlich sein.All features described in the description and in the following claims can be essential to the invention, both individually and in any desired form.

Claims (30)

  1. A camshaft having contrarotating cams for motor vehicles in particular, wherein
    a) an inside shaft (2) and an outside shaft (1) are arranged so they are contrarotating one inside the other,
    b) at least one cam (3, 5) is fixedly connected to the inside shaft (2) and/or the outside shaft (1), namely the first cam (3) to the inside shaft (2) and the second cam (5) to the outside shaft (1),
    c) the at least one first cam (3) is rotatably mounted on the outside shaft (1) and is fixedly connected to the inside shaft (2) through at least one radial opening in the outside shaft (1),
    d) means (10) for connecting a camshaft rotary drive are provided on one of the axial ends, whereby the connecting means (10) allow a contrarotation of the first and second cams (3, 5) that is limited in the circumferential direction, and on which also
    e) a rotary drive (9) exerting radial supporting forces acts on the camshaft, and whereat a connection is provided between the connecting means (10) and the outside shaft (1); by means of said connection the transverse supporting forces acting radially on the camshaft can be transferred exclusively to the outside shaft (1) from the camshaft rotary drive (9),
    characterized in that
    the connecting means (10) comprise a connecting pin (21) as the first force transfer element between the rotary drive (9) and the inside shaft (2) or the outside shaft (1), said connecting pin passing through a recess (20) provided in one of the shafts (1, 2) and being secured in the other respective shaft (1; 2), whereby the recess (20) allows a rotation of the connecting pin (21) that is limited in the circumferential direction of the camshaft and holds the respective one shaft (1, 2) through which the connecting pin (21) passes, while the connecting pin (21) is supported in the axial direction of the camshaft with the lowest possible play in this respective recess (20).
  2. The camshaft according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    a second force transfer element of the connecting means (10) is provided with a recess that is adapted in a complementary manner to the connecting pin (21) in the circumferential direction of the camshaft, by means of which this second force transfer element can be pushed onto the connecting pin (21) in the axial direction of the camshaft exclusively in the circumferential direction of the camshaft in a non-positive manner with an accurate fit.
  3. The camshaft according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the connecting pin (21) is provided with diametrically parallel opposite planar contact surfaces (22) for contact with a corresponding opposing surface of the recess (20) in one of the two shafts (1, 2) on the one hand and on the other hand with the opposing corresponding surface of the second force transfer element that is to be pushed onto it in the axial and/or circumferential direction.
  4. The camshaft according to Claim 3,
    characterized in that
    the corner areas are situated between the planar contact surfaces (22) of the connecting pin (21) on a small circular circumference with the axis of the connecting pin (21) serving as the midpoint of the circle.
  5. The camshaft according to any one of Claims 1 through 4,
    characterized in that
    the connecting pin (2) is fixedly connected to the inside shaft (2) as the first force transfer element.
  6. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the drive connecting means (10) comprise an axially tubular open terminating area of the outside shaft (1) or a connecting flange (7) fixedly connected thereto, in which a closed end of the inside shaft (2) is sealed with respect to a space which is acted upon by lubricant oil under pressure and is adjacent to the open end of the terminating area of the outside shaft (1).
  7. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the inside shaft (2) is mounted exclusively via the cams (3) that are rotatably mounted on the outside shaft (1) and with which it is fixedly connected opposite the outside shaft (1).
  8. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a ring gap (15) between the inside shaft (2) and the outside shaft (1) which is filled with lubricant oil under pressure is sealed toward the outside on at least one axial end by a ring gasket (19).
  9. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the outside shaft (1) is connected to bearing rings (6) and lubricating oil is introduced through supply bores (16) provided therein into the ring gap (15) formed between the inside shaft (2) and the outside shaft (1),
    the supply bores (16) open into a ring groove (17) which is provided between the outside shaft (1) and the bearing ring (6) and into which fewer radial bores (18) lead from the outside shaft (1) than from the respective bearing ring (6).
  10. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    at least individual cams (3) are designed as double cams in which two individual cams (3', 3") that are adjacent to one another but at a distance axially are joined together to form a fixedly interconnected unit and the individual cams (3', 3") fixedly join together to form a double cam as a unit are placed on a basic pipe (3"') and are fixedly connected thereto by shrinking, gluing, welding, widening the basic pipe (3"'), any form-fitting method or the like.
  11. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the connecting means (10) cooperate with a connecting flange (7) which is fixedly joined to the outside shaft (1) and into which a bearing ring (6) of the camshaft is integrated.
  12. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the inside shaft (2) is designed with a shorter length in comparison with the outside shaft (1).
  13. The camshaft according to Claim 10,
    characterized in that
    additional function parts (26) of the camshaft are also placed on a basic pipe (3"') in addition to the camshafts (3', 3").
  14. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a spring is provided between the inside shaft (2) and the outside shaft (1), by means of which a predetermined rotational angle allocation is necessarily established between the inside shaft (2) and the outside shaft (1) when the rotational and adjusting drive of the camshaft is inactive.
  15. The camshaft according to Claim 12,
    characterized in that
    in the area of the outside shaft (1) not filled up axially by the inside shaft (2), at least one opening (28) leading radially outward is provided for removing the lubricating oil collecting there.
  16. The camshaft according to any one of Claims 1 through 13,
    characterized by following features wherein
    - the end of the outside shaft (1) that ends with an opening axially on the side facing away from the drive connecting means (10) it is designed as an axial supply channel (29) for lubricating oil to be supplied axially for the oil lubrication required in the interior of the outside shaft in the ring gap (15) between the inside shaft (2) and the outside shaft (1),
    - the ring gap (15) between the outside shaft (1) and the inside shaft (2) communicates at one end with the axial supply channel (29) without any gaskets and opens at the other end into a space (20) leading to the outside.
  17. The camshaft according to Claim 16,
    characterized in that
    the axial supply channel (29) can be acted upon by lubricating oil through an oil supply device allocated to it axially.
  18. The camshaft according to Claim 17,
    characterized in that
    the oil supply device is designed as an oil spray nozzle (35).
  19. The camshaft according to Claim 16, wherein the outside shaft (1) is provided with an oil-lubricated bearing ring (6) on its end forming the axial supply channel (29),
    characterized in that
    the lubrication space of this bearing ring (6) communicates with the axial supply channel (29) through a transitional space (30) which is sealed with respect to the outside.
  20. The camshaft according to any one of Claims 1 through 14 or 16 through 19,
    characterized in that
    a mechanical filter (27) through which the lubricating oil supplied is to flow is provided in the axial supply channel (29) for a supply of lubricating oil to the interior of the outside shaft (1), which is to be accomplished in this way.
  21. The camshaft according to Claim 20,
    characterized in that
    the filter (27) is designed in the form of a disk with a bell shape or a funnel shape in the direction upstream from the oil supply, with the closed end being located upstream.
  22. The camshaft according to Claim 20 or 21,
    characterized in that
    the filter (27) is designed as a particulate screen filter.
  23. The camshaft according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized by the features,
    - a first cam (3) is guided with little axial play between two second cams (5),
    - the inside shaft (2) and the outside shaft (1) are mounted axially with respect to one another exclusively via the axial guidance between the first and second cams (3, 5).
  24. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the movable elements are coated in a wear-resistant coating and at least the outside shaft (1) is hardened at least on its outside circumference.
  25. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that,
    having a second force transfer element of the camshaft drive connecting means (10') that is operated hydraulically by camshaft lubricating oil, whereat oil carrying channels (31) are provided for the oil supply to the connecting means (10') in an end of the bearing ring (7) fixedly connected to the outside shaft (1) at the end of the camshaft facing the drive, these oil supply channels communicating at one end with the lubricating oil supply device (32) of the bearing ring (7) and at the other end with the hydraulic drive of the second force transfer means.
  26. The camshaft according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    - a connecting flange (7) is fixedly connected to the drive end of the outside shaft (1),
    - the connecting pin (21) passes through the inside shaft (2) in its circumferential direction with a form-fitting connection and passes through the outside shaft (1) in the area of the connecting flange (7) which is fixedly connected thereto with some play in adjustment,
    - the connecting flange (7) is designed in an area going beyond the connecting pin (21) in the axial direction of the camshaft so that it functions as a distributor for a lubricating oil to function as hydraulic fluid to be introduced into the hydraulic drive (33) which produces the adjustment of the inside shaft (2) and the outside shaft (1), whereby radial bores (39) running radially to the camshaft axis carry lubricating oil outward outside of the connecting flange (7),
    - a radial recess (20) is provided in the outside shaft (1) so that the adjusting play of the connecting pin (21) is provided in the outside shaft (1) where it functions as one of the radial bores (39).
  27. The camshaft according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    - the connecting pin (21) passes through the inside shaft (2) in a form-fitting manner in its circumferential direction and the outside shaft
    (1) in the area of the connecting flange (7) connected thereto so it passes through the shafts with some adjustment play,
    - the connecting pin (21) is situated axially inside a bearing ring which forms the drive end of the outside shaft (1).
  28. The camshaft according to Claim 27,
    characterized in that
    the bearing ring within which the connecting pin (21) comes to rest is assembled from two concentric components situated one inside the other, namely a bearing ring core sitting directly on the outside shaft (1) and have a recess for a rotational adjustment of the connecting pin (21) and an outer closed bearing ring (36) whereby the bearing ring (36) can be placed axially on the core.
  29. The camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the connecting means (10) acting on the outside shaft (1) have a form-fitting connection to the outside shaft (1) and/or the connecting flange (7) fixedly connected thereto.
  30. The method for manufacturing a camshaft according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized by the features,
    - the inside shaft (2) is inserted into the outside shaft (1) in a state in which the inside shaft is sheathed by a mounting sleeve (13), whereby the mounting sleeve (13) has recesses in the form of axial grooves (14) running axially outward, so they are open at the end on one of its axial ends,
    - for fastening the cams (3) to the inside shaft (2), pins (4) are inserted into the inside shaft (2) in a state in which the respective pins (4) can be inserted through areas inside the axial grooves (14) of the mounting sleeve (13), whereby the mounting sleeves (13) are displaced axially in order to be able to insert all the pins (4) accordingly, and after insertion of all the pins (4) to be mounted on the length of the camshaft they are removed entirely from the outside shaft (1).
EP06705777A 2005-02-03 2006-01-13 Camshaft with cams that can be rotated in relation to each other, especially for motor vehicles Expired - Fee Related EP1844215B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005005212 2005-02-03
DE102005014680A DE102005014680A1 (en) 2005-02-03 2005-03-29 Camshaft with mutually rotatable cam for motor vehicles in particular
PCT/DE2006/000038 WO2006081788A1 (en) 2005-02-03 2006-01-13 Camshaft with cams that can be rotated in relation to each other, especially for motor vehicles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1844215A1 EP1844215A1 (en) 2007-10-17
EP1844215B1 true EP1844215B1 (en) 2011-03-23

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US (1) US7610890B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1844215B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5038908B2 (en)
DE (3) DE202005021715U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006081788A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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DE202005021715U1 (en) 2009-07-02
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US7610890B2 (en) 2009-11-03
DE102005014680A1 (en) 2006-08-10
WO2006081788A1 (en) 2006-08-10
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EP1844215A1 (en) 2007-10-17
DE502006009155D1 (en) 2011-05-05

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