EP1834488A1 - Video encoding method and device - Google Patents
Video encoding method and deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP1834488A1 EP1834488A1 EP05826580A EP05826580A EP1834488A1 EP 1834488 A1 EP1834488 A1 EP 1834488A1 EP 05826580 A EP05826580 A EP 05826580A EP 05826580 A EP05826580 A EP 05826580A EP 1834488 A1 EP1834488 A1 EP 1834488A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- images
- image
- long
- term
- decoder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/65—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using error resilience
- H04N19/67—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using error resilience involving unequal error protection [UEP], i.e. providing protection according to the importance of the data
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
- H04N19/89—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder
- H04N19/895—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder in combination with error concealment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to video coding techniques.
- Inter-coding in which the motion between successive frames of a video clip is estimated so that the most recent image is coded relative to one or more previous images.
- a motion estimate is made in the sequence, the estimation parameters are quantized and sent to the decoder, and the estimation error is transformed, quantized and sent to the decoder.
- Each image of the sequence can also be coded without reference to others. This is called intra-frame coding.
- This mode of coding exploits the spatial correlations within an image. For a given transmission rate from the encoder to the decoder, it provides a lower video quality than the Inter encoding since it does not take advantage of temporal correlations between the successive images of the video sequence.
- a portion of video footage has its first Intra encoded image and subsequent images encoded in Inter.
- Information included in the output stream of the encoder indicates the images encoded in Intra and Inter and, in the latter case, the reference image (s) to be used.
- New coding standards in particular the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) standard H.264, allow the coder to mark certain long-term the sequence in the output stream, to indicate to the decoder that it must keep in memory these images once reconstructed. These marked images are called “long-term picture” in the standard. Unless otherwise specified by the encoder, the decoder stores these images in its memory. These marked images are distinguished from so-called “short-term picture” images which are erased from the decoder memory as the video sequence is restored.
- ITU-T International Telecommunication Union
- a problem of Inter coding is its behavior in the presence of transmission errors or packet losses on the communication channel between the encoder and the decoder. The degradation or loss of an image propagates on subsequent images until a new Intra coded image occurs.
- the mode of transmission of the coded signal between the encoder and the decoder causes total or partial losses of certain images. Such losses result, for example, from the loss or the late arrival of certain data packets when the transmission takes place on a packet network without guarantee of delivery such as an IP (Internet Protocol) network. Losses can also result from errors introduced by the transmission channel beyond the correction capabilities of the error correction codes employed.
- One of these mechanisms is the use of a return channel, from the decoder to the encoder, on which the decoder informs the coder that he has lost all or part of certain images. In some cases, it is the well-reconstructed images that the decoder indicates to the encoder and the latter can, on the contrary, deduce which images have possibly been lost.
- the encoder can then make coding choices to correct or at least reduce the effects of transmission errors.
- Current encoders simply return an Intra encoded image, that is, without reference to images previously encoded in the stream and possibly containing errors.
- Intra images can refresh the display and correct errors due to transmission losses. But they are worse quality as Inter images. Thus, the usual mechanism for compensating for image loss still gives rise to a degradation of the quality of the signal restored for a certain time after the loss.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the quality of a video signal due to transmission errors when a return channel is present from the decoder to the encoder.
- the invention thus proposes a video coding method, comprising the following steps:
- - include coding parameters in an output stream to be transmitted to a station with a decoder
- each long-term tagged image to be stored in memory by the decoder until on receipt of a demarcation command of said image; . receiving from said station feedback information on the restitution of the images of the video sequence by the decoder;
- Long-term tagged images can be used as reference images for Inter coding, just like any other image in a video clip.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to maintain the coding mode in Inter when losses are detected, including one or a plurality of long-term images in a previous set of images that the encoder may select as a reference for restarting Inter-coding after detection of image loss.
- These long-term marked images avoid making obligatory reference to short-term images, which the decoder conserves only transiently in its memory.
- These short-term images may also be corrupted due to the observed loss, and it is very useful to be able to refer to long-term images as needed.
- the method advantageously uses suitable strategies for long-term marking of the images of the video sequence, for example:
- the coder can mark in the long term, on a regular basis, the images of the stream which are not affected by the losses in the network .
- the process of regular marking of the coded images is interrupted. This ensures that reference images are in memory when a loss occurs.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a computer program for installation in a video processing apparatus, comprising instructions for implementing the steps of a video encoding method as defined above in a execution of the program by a computing unit of said apparatus.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a video encoder, comprising:
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing two stations in communication, provided with video coders / decoders;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a video encoder according to the invention;
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a video decoder capable of reproducing images coded by the coder of FIG. 2.
- the coding method according to the invention is for example applicable to videoconferencing over an IP network (subject to packet loss), between two stations A and B (FIG. 1). These stations communicate directly, in the sense that no video transcoding equipment participates in their communication.
- Each station A, B uses video media coded according to a standard that supports the concept of long-term picture marking, for example the ITU-T H.264 standard.
- stations A, B have agreed on an H.264 configuration with long-term marking as well as to establish a return channel.
- each station A, B is naturally equipped with both an encoder and a decoder (encoded).
- station A is the transmitter that contains video encoder 1 (FIG. 2) and station B is the receiver that contains decoder 2 (FIG. 3).
- decoder 2 FIG. 3
- the stations A, B are for example made up of personal computers, as in the illustration of FIG. 1, each being equipped with systems for taking and restoring video images, a network interface 3, 4 for the connection. to the IP network, as well as video conferencing software executed by the central unit of the computer.
- these programs rely on programs that implement H.264.
- the program is adapted to include the features described below.
- the codec can also be implemented using a specialized processor or a specific circuit.
- the described method can also accommodate coding standards other than H.264.
- the decoder video image reconstruction module 2 is also in the encoder 1.
- This reconstruction module 5 is visible in each of Figures 2 and 3; it is composed of substantially identical elements bearing the same reference numerals 51-57.
- the prediction residue of a current image F that is to say the difference calculated by a subtractor 6 between the image F and a predicted image P, is transformed and quantized by the encoder 1 (modules 7, 8 of Figure 2).
- An entropy coding module 9 constructs the output stream ⁇ of the coder 1 which includes the coding parameters of the successive images of the video sequence (parameters for prediction and quantification of the transformed residue) as well as various control parameters obtained by a module of control 10 of the encoder.
- control parameters indicate in particular what is the encoding mode (Inter or Intra) used for the current image and, in the case of Inter coding, the reference image or images to be used.
- the stream ⁇ received by the network interface 4 is subjected to an entropy decoder 11 which retrieves the coding parameters and the control parameters, the latter being supplied to a control module 12 of the decoder.
- the control modules 10, 12 respectively monitor the encoder 1 and the decoder 2 by providing them with the commands necessary to know the coding mode used, to designate the reference images in Inter coding, to configure and parameterize the transformation, quantization and filtering elements. etc.
- each usable reference image F R is stored in a buffer 51 of the reconstruction module 5. This contains a window of N reconstructed images immediately preceding the current image (short-term images) and possibly one or more images that the encoder has specially marked (long-term images).
- the number N of short-term images stored in memory is controlled by the encoder 1. It is usually limited so as not to occupy too much resources of the stations A, B. The refreshing of these images in the short run term intervenes after N images of the video stream.
- control parameters obtained by the module 10 and inserted in the stream ⁇ also include the commands for marking and marking the images in the long term.
- the prediction parameters for the Inter coding are calculated in a known manner by a motion estimation module 15 as a function of the current image F and of one or more reference images F R.
- the predicted picture P is generated by a motion compensation module 13 on the basis of the reference picture (s) F R and the prediction parameters calculated by the module 15.
- the reconstruction module 5 comprises a module 53 which retrieves the transformed and quantized parameters from the quantization indexes produced by the quantization module 8.
- a module 54 operates the inverse transformation of the module 7 to retrieve a quantized version of the prediction residue. . This is added to the blocks of the predicted picture P by an adder 55 to provide the blocks of a pre-processed picture PF 1 .
- the pre-processed image PF 1 is finally processed by a deblocking filter 57 to provide the reconstructed image F 'delivered by the decoder and stored in its buffer memory 51.
- a spatial prediction is made in a known manner as the block coding of the current image F proceeds. This prediction is performed by a module 56 on the basis of the already available blocks of the pre-processed image. PF '.
- the transmission of Intra coded parameters generally requires a higher rate than that of Inter coded parameters.
- the Intra encoding of an image of a video sequence provides a lower quality than its Inter coding.
- the selection between the Intra and Inter modes for a current image is performed by the control module 10 of the encoder, for example based on a detection of the changes of plane within the video sequence.
- a change of plane can be decided by a detector 16 of the video encoder 1 by observing whether the difference between two successive images of the sequence has an energy greater than a detection threshold.
- the image where a change of plane is detected is typically encoded in Intra, while the other images in the sequence are encoded in Inter.
- the method according to the invention promotes the resumption of the coding not in Intra but in inter.
- the method ensures that this recovery of the Inter coding can be done relatively to a reference image previously marked in the long run.
- the control module 10 of the encoder receives and analyzes the information of the return channel.
- the current image can be coded as follows:
- control module 10 may decide to resume coding in Inter relative to a reference image still present in the window of N short-term images temporarily stored by the decoder. For example, if the stations A, B communicate according to an image-acknowledgment protocol and if the encoder 1 notes that a recent image, still present in the window of N short-term images, has been acknowledged, it may prefer to resume Inter coding for this image, especially if it is newer than the last one T / FR2005 / 003J49
- the control module 10 also manages the long-term marking of the images of the video sequence.
- each detection of a change of plane by the detector 16 gives rise to the long-term marking by the control module 10 of an image following the change of detected plane, preferably the first image following the change of plan.
- the control module 10 can address the decoder a markdown control of the (or) image (s) previously marked (s) long term.
- the return channel can be organized in several ways.
- This return information is generally produced upstream of the decoder, for example by the protocol layers (notably RTCP) of the network interface 4 of the station B. They most often carry out negative acknowledgments, signaling the poor reception of the stream by the station B, but could also carry positive acknowledgments, signaling the good reception of the stream by the station B.
- protocol layers notably RTCP
- the control module 10 determines, over time, lossless phases in which the flow is well received by the station B (no loss reported during a latency period of a few seconds). seconds for example) and lossy phases in which the reception of the stream by the station B is disturbed.
- lossless phases it marks images of the video sequence on a regular basis, for example with a periodicity of a few tens to a few hundred images.
- the control module 10 interrupts this regular marking to minimize the risk of using a corrupted reference image.
- the return channel can in particular provide more details on the quantity and location of the information lost, for example on the loss of part of an image or on the number of the lost image.
- This kind of return information comes from the video decoder itself, as indicated by the dashed line in Figure 3.
- this feedback can be in the form of positive acknowledgments (signal images of the sequence which have been restored) or negative (signal images of the sequence that could not be restored).
- Such methods are for example used in ITU-T H.263 + (Appendix N) and can be transposed to other standards such as H.264.
- control module 10 With a return channel thus organized, it is advantageous for the control module 10 to mark, in the long term, images of the selected video sequence (for example regularly or following plane changes) among images of which it knows that they have been well returned. This ensures that the reference image used will be present at the decoder.
- the loss message transferred from the decoder to the encoder arrives with a delay which will have allowed the loss to propagate during a few images.
- the improvement related to the proposed invention nevertheless remains effective, because the transmission delay on the return channel would have affected in the same way the coding in Intra of the image following the knowledge of the loss by the control module 10.
- An advantageous improvement of the method uses redundancy of information to transmit to the decoder the images marked long-term, which increases the probability of availability of images in the memory 51 of the decoder in the event of transmission difficulties between the two stations A, B.
- redundancy is provided for in H.264 ("redundant coded picture").
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0500172A FR2880745A1 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2005-01-07 | VIDEO ENCODING METHOD AND DEVICE |
PCT/FR2005/003149 WO2006075061A1 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2005-12-15 | Video encoding method and device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1834488A1 true EP1834488A1 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
Family
ID=34953005
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05826580A Ceased EP1834488A1 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2005-12-15 | Video encoding method and device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090097555A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1834488A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2880745A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006075061A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8494049B2 (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2013-07-23 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Long term reference frame management with error video feedback for compressed video communication |
US8638844B2 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2014-01-28 | Mediatek Inc. | Method and apparatus for storing decoded moving pictures with a reduced memory requirement |
US8254449B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-08-28 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Video traffic bandwidth prediction |
US8270307B2 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2012-09-18 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Network-adaptive preemptive repair in real-time video |
JP5215951B2 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2013-06-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | Encoding apparatus, control method therefor, and computer program |
US8254445B2 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2012-08-28 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Video transmission using video quality metrics |
US8400918B2 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2013-03-19 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Video traffic smoothing |
US8654838B2 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2014-02-18 | Nxp B.V. | System and method for video and graphic compression using multiple different compression techniques and compression error feedback |
CN103167283B (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2016-03-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method for video coding and equipment |
JP6052319B2 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2016-12-27 | Nttエレクトロニクス株式会社 | Video encoding device |
US10313685B2 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2019-06-04 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Video coding |
US10595025B2 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2020-03-17 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Video coding |
US11595652B2 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2023-02-28 | Op Solutions, Llc | Explicit signaling of extended long term reference picture retention |
EP3918801A4 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2022-06-15 | OP Solutions, LLC | Online and offline selection of extended long term reference picture retention |
Family Cites Families (6)
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JPH06237451A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Moving picture communication system and terminal equipment |
JP3068002B2 (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 2000-07-24 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | Image encoding device, image decoding device, and image transmission system |
US20030112366A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-19 | General Instrument Corporation | Apparatus and methods for improving video quality delivered to a display device |
TWI261195B (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2006-09-01 | Via Tech Inc | Optical drive control chip capable of transmitting command messages in advance and transmission method thereof |
JP2005295505A (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-10-20 | Canon Inc | Moving image coding apparatus, moving image decoding apparatus, control method therefor, computer program, and computer-readable storage medium |
JP4702928B2 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2011-06-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | Moving picture encoding apparatus and decoding apparatus, control method therefor, computer program, and computer-readable storage medium |
-
2005
- 2005-01-07 FR FR0500172A patent/FR2880745A1/en active Pending
- 2005-12-15 US US11/794,808 patent/US20090097555A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-12-15 EP EP05826580A patent/EP1834488A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-15 WO PCT/FR2005/003149 patent/WO2006075061A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
BERND GIROD ET AL: "Feedback-Based Error Control for Mobile Video Transmission", PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, IEEE. NEW YORK, US, vol. 87, no. 10, 1 October 1999 (1999-10-01), XP011044278, ISSN: 0018-9219 * |
WIEGAND T ET AL: "MOTION-COMPENSATING LONG-TERM MEMORY PREDICTION", PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING. ICIP 1997. SANTA BARBARA, CA, OCT. 26 - 29, 1997; [PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING], LOS ALAMITOS, CA : IEEE, US, vol. 2, 1 January 1997 (1997-01-01), pages 53 - 56, XP000923442, ISBN: 978-0-8186-8184-4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006075061A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
FR2880745A1 (en) | 2006-07-14 |
US20090097555A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
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