EP1820952A2 - Piston for combustion engines and method for manufacturing a piston for combustion engines - Google Patents

Piston for combustion engines and method for manufacturing a piston for combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1820952A2
EP1820952A2 EP20070002394 EP07002394A EP1820952A2 EP 1820952 A2 EP1820952 A2 EP 1820952A2 EP 20070002394 EP20070002394 EP 20070002394 EP 07002394 A EP07002394 A EP 07002394A EP 1820952 A2 EP1820952 A2 EP 1820952A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
aluminum
mass
iron
combustion engines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20070002394
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1820952B1 (en
EP1820952A3 (en
Inventor
Zacharias Georgeou
Wieland Walz
Jürgen Kiese
Udo BRÜX
Georg Frommeyer
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0084—Pistons  the pistons being constructed from specific materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0403—Refractory metals, e.g. V, W
    • F05C2201/0406—Chromium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston for internal combustion engines and a method for producing a piston for internal combustion engines.
  • steels are used for the production of pistons for internal combustion engines, which have a significant decrease in strength at temperatures of more than 500 ° C.
  • examples of such steels are so-called tempering steels (eg 42CrMo4) or AFP steels (eg 38MnVS6).
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a piston for internal combustion engines, which has particularly advantageous rheological properties, in particular with regard to the strength at higher temperatures.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing such a piston.
  • the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a piston having the features of claim 1.
  • the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a method having the features of claim 6 solved.
  • the subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.
  • the alloy may contain up to 5% by mass, in particular 3% by mass and particularly advantageously only 1.5% by mass impurities. It has been found that such a piston has a particularly high strength at temperatures of more than 500 ° C and thus has significantly better high temperature properties than conventional steels, which are commonly used for the production of pistons for internal combustion engines.
  • the piston according to the invention can be, for example, a piston for a diesel engine, in particular for a direct-injection diesel engine. It has been found that the use of the piston according to the invention in direct-injection diesel engines is particularly advantageous, since the piston has particularly advantageous strength properties, in particular in the temperature range of about 500-600 ° C.
  • the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has a density between about 6 g / cm 3 and about 7.5 g / cm 3 . This results in a substantial reduction in the mass of the piston compared to the known from the prior art pistons, which are made of conventional steels.
  • the conventional steels have a density of the order of about 7.8 g / cm 3 .
  • the piston may consist of at least two parts.
  • a first of the at least two parts of the piston consists of aluminum and that a second of the at least two parts of the piston consists of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy.
  • the part of the piston facing the combustion chamber due to the advantageous high-temperature properties, may in particular be the second part of the piston made of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy.
  • the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has an aluminum content of 15-17% by mass, preferably an aluminum content of about 16% by mass.
  • the aluminum-chromium alloy has a chromium content of about 4 to about 6 mass%, preferably a chromium content of about 5.5 mass%. It can thereby be achieved that the thermal expansion coefficient of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy substantially corresponds to the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum.
  • both parts of the piston identical or at least substantially have identical thermal expansion coefficients, so that thermal stresses can be largely avoided.
  • the piston is made of at least two parts.
  • a first of the at least two parts of the piston is made of aluminum and that a second of the at least two parts of the piston made of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion of the second part of the piston essentially corresponds to the thermal expansion coefficient of the first part of the piston; made of aluminum.
  • the piston is produced by casting.
  • the piston is produced thermomechanically. Due to the simultaneous thermal treatment and plastic deformation, the rheological properties of the piston can be specifically adapted.
  • An inventive piston for internal combustion engines consists at least partially of the above-mentioned iron-aluminum-chromium alloy.
  • the piston can be produced, for example, by casting or thermomechanically.
  • the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has a lower strength at low temperatures than the tempering steel (42CrMo4) and the AFP steel (38MnVS6).
  • the strength of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy hardly decreases over wide temperature ranges. It can be seen that in a temperature range of about 500 - 600 ° C, the yield strengths of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy are considerably larger than in the conventional tempered steel or AFP steel.
  • the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has a substantially constant yield strength of more than 400 MPa, whereas the yield strengths of the other steels decrease drastically in this temperature range.
  • the piston may be made in one or two parts, in the latter embodiment, for example, a first part of the piston of aluminum and a second part of the piston of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy having an aluminum content of about 15 to about 17 mass%, preferably with an aluminum content of about 16% by weight and with a chromium content of about 4 to about 6% by mass, preferably with a chromium content of about 5.5% by mass. It has been shown that with this aluminum and chromium content both parts of the piston have substantially identical coefficients of thermal expansion, so that thermal stresses can be largely avoided.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

The piston for combustion engines consists of a first part consisting aluminum and a second part consisting iron-aluminum-chrome-alloy of 15-17 mass%, which shows density of 6-7.5 g/cm3>. An independent claim is included for production of a piston for combustion engines.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens für Verbrennungsmotoren.The present invention relates to a piston for internal combustion engines and a method for producing a piston for internal combustion engines.

Üblicherweise werden zur Herstellung von Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren Stähle eingesetzt, die einen deutlichen Festigkeitsabfall bei Temperaturen von mehr als 500°C aufweisen. Beispiele für derartige Stähle sind so genannte Vergütungsstähle (z. B. 42CrMo4) oder AFP-Stähle (z. B. 38MnVS6).Usually, steels are used for the production of pistons for internal combustion engines, which have a significant decrease in strength at temperatures of more than 500 ° C. Examples of such steels are so-called tempering steels (eg 42CrMo4) or AFP steels (eg 38MnVS6).

Aus der DE 100 29 810 A1 ist ein Kolben für Dieselmotoren bekannt, der eine durch thermisches Spritzen aufgebrachte Beschichtung aus einer FeAlCr-Legierung mit nicht näher spezifizierter Zusammensetzung aufweist. Da der in dieser Druckschrift beschriebene Kolben lediglich auf einer dem Zylinderkopf zugewandten Oberfläche und/oder in einer Verbrennungsmulde eine Beschichtung aus der FeAICr-Legierung aufweist, können die oben beschriebenen Nachteile hinsichtlich des Festigkeitsabfalls bei höheren Temperaturen auch bei, diesem Kolben auftreten.From the DE 100 29 810 A1 is known a piston for diesel engines, which has a thermal spray applied coating of a FeAlCr alloy of unspecified composition. Since the piston described in this document has a coating of the FeAICr alloy only on a surface facing the cylinder head and / or in a combustion bowl, the disadvantages described above with regard to the decrease in strength at elevated temperatures can also occur in the case of this piston.

Hier setzt die vorliegende Erfindung an.This is where the present invention begins.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren anzugeben, der besonders vorteilhafte rheologische Eigenschaften, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Festigkeit bei höheren Temperaturen aufweist. Darüber hinaus liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Kolbens anzugeben.The present invention has for its object to provide a piston for internal combustion engines, which has particularly advantageous rheological properties, in particular with regard to the strength at higher temperatures. In addition, the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing such a piston.

Hinsichtlich des Kolbens wird die der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe durch einen Kolben mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Hinsichtlich des Verfahrens wird die der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruch 6 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.With regard to the piston, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a piston having the features of claim 1. With regard to the method, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a method having the features of claim 6 solved. The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Kolben mindestens teilweise aus einer Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung mit folgender Zusammensetzung besteht:

  • 70 - 95 Masse-% Fe;
  • 5-20 Masse-% Al;
  • 1 -10 Masse-% Cr;
  • C, Ti, Si, V; Nb, Zr, B mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 10 Masse-% in der Summe.
According to the invention, it is proposed that the piston at least partially consists of an iron-aluminum-chromium alloy having the following composition:
  • 70-95 mass% Fe;
  • 5-20 mass% Al;
  • 1 -10 mass% Cr;
  • C, Ti, Si, V; Nb, Zr, B with a content of up to 10% by mass in total.

Weiterhin kann die Legierung bis zu 5 Masse-%, insbesondere bei 3 Masse-% und besonders vorteilhaft nur bei 1,5 Masse-% Verunreinigungen enthalten. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass ein derartiger Kolben eine besonders hohe Festigkeit bei Temperaturen von mehr als 500°C aufweist und damit erheblich bessere Hochtemperatureigenschaften als herkömmliche Stähle besitzt, die üblicherweise zur Herstellung von Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren eingesetzt werden. Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben kann zum Beispiel ein Kolben für einen Dieselmotor, insbesondere für einen direkt einspritzenden Dieselmotor, sein. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens bei direkt einspritzenden Dieselmotoren besonders vorteilhaft ist, da der Kolben insbesondere im Temperaturbereich von ca. 500 - 600°C besonders vorteilhafte Festigkeitseigenschaften besitzt.Furthermore, the alloy may contain up to 5% by mass, in particular 3% by mass and particularly advantageously only 1.5% by mass impurities. It has been found that such a piston has a particularly high strength at temperatures of more than 500 ° C and thus has significantly better high temperature properties than conventional steels, which are commonly used for the production of pistons for internal combustion engines. The piston according to the invention can be, for example, a piston for a diesel engine, in particular for a direct-injection diesel engine. It has been found that the use of the piston according to the invention in direct-injection diesel engines is particularly advantageous, since the piston has particularly advantageous strength properties, in particular in the temperature range of about 500-600 ° C.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung eine Dichte zwischen etwa 6 g/cm3 und etwa 7,5 g/cm3 aufweist. Dadurch ergibt sich eine wesentliche Reduzierung der Masse des Kolbens im Vergleich zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Kolben, die aus konventionellen Stählen hergestellt sind. Die konventionellen Stähle weisen eine Dichte in einer Größenordnung von etwa 7,8 g/cm3 auf.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has a density between about 6 g / cm 3 and about 7.5 g / cm 3 . This results in a substantial reduction in the mass of the piston compared to the known from the prior art pistons, which are made of conventional steels. The conventional steels have a density of the order of about 7.8 g / cm 3 .

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann der Kolben aus mindestens zwei Teilen bestehen.In an advantageous embodiment, the piston may consist of at least two parts.

Es besteht die Möglichkeit, dass ein erstes der mindestens zwei Teile des Kolbens aus Aluminium besteht und dass ein zweites der mindestens zwei Teile des Kolbens aus der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung besteht. Dabei kann das dem Brennraum zugewandte Teil des Kolbens auf Grund der vorteilhaften Hochtemperatureigenschaften insbesondere das zweite, aus der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung bestehende Teil des Kolbens sein.There is the possibility that a first of the at least two parts of the piston consists of aluminum and that a second of the at least two parts of the piston consists of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy. In this case, the part of the piston facing the combustion chamber, due to the advantageous high-temperature properties, may in particular be the second part of the piston made of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung einen Aluminiumgehalt von 15-17 Masse-%, vorzugsweise einen Aluminiumgehalt von etwa 16 Masse-% aufweist. Vorzugsweise weist die Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung einen Chromgehalt von etwa 4 bis etwa 6 Masse-%, vorzugsweise einen Chromgehalt von etwa 5,5 Masse-%, auf. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, dass der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung im Wesentlichen dem thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Aluminium entspricht. Bei der oben bereits beschriebenen zweiteiligen Ausführung des Kolbens, bei dem das erste Teil des Kolbens aus Aluminium und das zweite Teil des Kolbens aus der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung, kann somit erreicht werden, dass beide Teile des Kolbens identische oder zumindest im Wesentlichen identische thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen, so dass thermische Spannungen weitgehend vermieden werden können.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has an aluminum content of 15-17% by mass, preferably an aluminum content of about 16% by mass. Preferably, the aluminum-chromium alloy has a chromium content of about 4 to about 6 mass%, preferably a chromium content of about 5.5 mass%. It can thereby be achieved that the thermal expansion coefficient of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy substantially corresponds to the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum. In the two-part embodiment of the piston already described above, in which the first part of the piston made of aluminum and the second part of the piston made of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy, it can thus be achieved that both parts of the piston identical or at least substantially have identical thermal expansion coefficients, so that thermal stresses can be largely avoided.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens für Verbrennungsmotoren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Kolben mindestens teilweise aus einer Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung mit der Zusammensetzung:

  • 70 - 95 Masse-% Fe;
  • 5-20 Masse-% Al;
  • 1-10 Masse-% Cr;
  • C, Ti, Si, V, Nb, Zr, B mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 10 Masse-% in der Summe
hergestellt wird. Dadurch wird ein Kolben, der insbesondere in Dieselmotoren eingesetzt werden kann, mit besonders vorteilhaften Festigkeitseigenschaften bei hohen Temperaturen und hohen Drücken erhalten werden.The method according to the invention for producing a piston for internal combustion engines is characterized in that the piston is made, at least in part, of an iron-aluminum-chromium alloy having the composition:
  • 70-95 mass% Fe;
  • 5-20 mass% Al;
  • 1-10 mass% Cr;
  • C, Ti, Si, V, Nb, Zr, B with a content of up to 10 mass% in the sum
will be produced. Thereby, a piston, which can be used in particular in diesel engines, with particularly advantageous strength properties at high temperatures and high pressures can be obtained.

Es besteht in einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform die Möglichkeit, dass der Kolben aus mindestens zwei Teilen hergestellt wird.There is in an advantageous embodiment, the possibility that the piston is made of at least two parts.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird vorgeschlagen, dass ein erstes der mindestens zwei Teile des Kolbens aus Aluminium hergestellt wird und dass ein zweites der mindestens zwei Teile des Kolbens aus der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung hergestellt wird. Bei einem Aluminium-Gehalt von etwa 16 Masse-% und einem Chromgehalt von etwa 5,5 Masse-% entspricht der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient des zweiten Teils des Kolbens im Wesentlichen dem thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten des ersten Teils des Kolbens; der aus Aluminium besteht.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that a first of the at least two parts of the piston is made of aluminum and that a second of the at least two parts of the piston made of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy. With an aluminum content of about 16% by mass and a chromium content of about 5.5% by mass, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the second part of the piston essentially corresponds to the thermal expansion coefficient of the first part of the piston; made of aluminum.

Es kann in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehen sein, dass der Kolben gießtechnisch hergestellt wird.It may be provided in a preferred embodiment that the piston is produced by casting.

In einer vorteilhaften alternativen Ausführungsform wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Kolben thermomechanisch hergestellt wird. Durch die gleichzeitige thermische Behandlung und plastische Umformung können die rheologischen Eigenschaften des Kolbens gezielt angepasst werden.In an advantageous alternative embodiment, it is proposed that the piston is produced thermomechanically. Due to the simultaneous thermal treatment and plastic deformation, the rheological properties of the piston can be specifically adapted.

Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand eines Beispiels näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an example.

In Fig. 1 sind die Dehngrenzen verschiedener Legierungen in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur schematisch dargestellt. Man erkennt die Dehngrenzen (angegeben in MPa) eines herkömmlichen Vergütungsstahls (42CrMo4), eines herkömmlichen AFP-Stahl (38MnVS6) sowie einer Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung mit der Zusammensetzung:

  • 70 - 95 Masse-% Fe;
  • 5 - 20 Masse-% Al;
  • 1 -10 Masse-% Cr;
  • C, Ti, Si, V, Nb, Zr, B mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 10 Masse-% in der Summe.
In Fig. 1, the yield strengths of various alloys as a function of the temperature are shown schematically. The yield strength (indicated in MPa) of a conventional tempered steel (42CrMo4), a conventional AFP steel (38MnVS6) and an iron-aluminum-chromium alloy having the composition:
  • 70-95 mass% Fe;
  • 5 - 20 mass% Al;
  • 1 -10 mass% Cr;
  • C, Ti, Si, V, Nb, Zr, B with a content of up to 10 mass% in the sum.

Zum Vergleich ist ferner die Dehngrenze von Aluminium in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur gezeigt. Ein erfindungsgemäßer Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren besteht mindestens teilweise aus der vorstehend genannten Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung. Der Kolben kann zum Beispiel gießtechnisch oder thermomechanisch hergestellt werden.For comparison, the yield strength of aluminum as a function of the temperature is also shown. An inventive piston for internal combustion engines consists at least partially of the above-mentioned iron-aluminum-chromium alloy. The piston can be produced, for example, by casting or thermomechanically.

Man erkennt, dass die Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung bei geringen Temperaturen eine niedrigere Festigkeit als der Vergütungsstahl (42CrMo4) und der AFP-Stahl (38MnVS6) aufweist. Die Festigkeit der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung verringert sich im Gegensatz zu den übrigen in Fig. 1 gezeigten Stählen über weite Temperaturbereiche nahezu kaum. Man sieht, dass in einem Temperaturbereich von etwa 500 - 600°C die Dehngrenzen der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung erheblich größer sind als bei dem herkömmlichen Vergütungsstahl oder dem AFP-Stahl.It can be seen that the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has a lower strength at low temperatures than the tempering steel (42CrMo4) and the AFP steel (38MnVS6). In contrast to the other steels shown in FIG. 1, the strength of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy hardly decreases over wide temperature ranges. It can be seen that in a temperature range of about 500 - 600 ° C, the yield strengths of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy are considerably larger than in the conventional tempered steel or AFP steel.

Im Temperaturbereich von etwa 500 - 600°C weist die Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung eine im Wesentlichen konstante Dehngrenze von mehr als 400 MPa auf, wohingegen die Dehngrenzen der übrigen Stähle in diesem Temperaturbereich drastisch abnehmen.In the temperature range of about 500 - 600 ° C, the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has a substantially constant yield strength of more than 400 MPa, whereas the yield strengths of the other steels decrease drastically in this temperature range.

Es wird deutlich, dass der hier vorgestellte, zumindest teilweise aus einer Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung mit der oben beschriebenen Zusammensetzung bestehende Kolben gerade im Temperaturbereich von etwa 500 - 600°C erheblich bessere Festigkeitseigenschaften aufweist als herkömmliche Kolben. Der hier offenbarte Kolben eignet sich zum Beispiel für Dieselmotoren (insbesondere für direkt einspritzende Dieselmotoren).It is clear that the presented here, at least partially made of an iron-aluminum-chromium alloy having the composition described above piston just in the temperature range of about 500 - 600 ° C significantly better strength properties than conventional pistons. The piston disclosed here is suitable, for example, for diesel engines (especially for direct-injection diesel engines).

Da die Dichte der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung, aus dem der Kolben ganz oder teilweise hergestellt ist, im Bereich von etwa 6 g/cm3 bis etwa 7,5 g/cm3 liegt, können im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Stahllegierungen, die eine Dichte in einer Größenordnung von 7,8/cm3 aufweisen, erhebliche Gewichtsreduzierungen erreicht werden.Since the density of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy from which the piston is made wholly or partly, in the range of about 6 g / cm 3 to about 7.5 g / cm 3 , compared to conventional steel alloys have a density of the order of 7.8 / cm 3 , significant weight reductions can be achieved.

Der Kolben kann einteilig oder zweiteilig ausgeführt sein, wobei bei der letztgenannten Ausführungsform beispielsweise ein erstes Teil des Kolbens aus Aluminium und ein zweites Teil des Kolbens aus der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung mit einem Aluminiumgehalt von etwa 15 bis etwa 17 Masse-%, vorzugsweise mit einem Aluminiumgehalt von etwa 16 Masse-%, sowie mit einem Chromgehalt von etwa 4 bis etwa 6 Masse-%, vorzugsweise mit einem Chromgehalt von etwa 5,5 Masse-%, bestehen kann. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei diesem Aluminium- und Chromgehalt beide Teile des Kolbens im Wesentlichen identische thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen, so dass thermische Spannungen weitgehend vermieden werden können.The piston may be made in one or two parts, in the latter embodiment, for example, a first part of the piston of aluminum and a second part of the piston of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy having an aluminum content of about 15 to about 17 mass%, preferably with an aluminum content of about 16% by weight and with a chromium content of about 4 to about 6% by mass, preferably with a chromium content of about 5.5% by mass. It has been shown that with this aluminum and chromium content both parts of the piston have substantially identical coefficients of thermal expansion, so that thermal stresses can be largely avoided.

Claims (10)

Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben mindestens teilweise aus einer Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung mit folgender Zusammensetzung besteht: 70 - 95 Masse-% Fe; 5-20 Masse-% Al; 1 -10 Masse-% Cr; C, Ti, Si, V, Nb, Zr, B mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 10 Masse-% in der Summe. Piston for internal combustion engines, characterized in that the piston consists at least partially of an iron-aluminum-chromium alloy having the following composition: 70-95 mass% Fe; 5-20 mass% Al; 1 -10 mass% Cr; C, Ti, Si, V, Nb, Zr, B with a content of up to 10 mass% in the sum. Kolben nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung eine Dichte zwischen etwa 6 g/cm3 und etwa 7,5 g/cm3 aufweist.Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has a density between about 6 g / cm 3 and about 7.5 g / cm 3 . Kolben nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben aus mindestens zwei Teilen besteht.Piston according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston consists of at least two parts. Kolben nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erstes der mindestens zwei Teile des Kolbens aus Aluminium besteht und dass ein zweites der mindestens zwei Teile des Kolbens aus der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung besteht.Piston according to claim 3, characterized in that a first of the at least two parts of the piston consists of aluminum and that a second of the at least two parts of the piston consists of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy. Kolben nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung einen Aluminiumgehalt von 15-17 Masse-%, vorzugsweise einen Aluminiumgehalt von etwa 16 Masse-% aufweist.Piston according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy has an aluminum content of 15-17% by mass, preferably an aluminum content of about 16% by mass. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens für Verbrennungsmotoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben mindestens teilweise aus einer Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung mit der Zusammensetzung: 70 - 95 Masse-% Fe; 5-20 Masse-% Al; 1-10 Masse-% Cr; C, Ti, Si, V, Nb, Zr, B mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 10 Masse-% in der Summe hergestellt wird.Method for producing a piston for internal combustion engines, characterized in that the piston is at least partially made of an iron-aluminum-chromium alloy having the composition: 70-95 mass% Fe; 5-20 mass% Al; 1-10 mass% Cr; C, Ti, Si, V, Nb, Zr, B with a content of up to 10 mass% in the sum will be produced. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben aus mindestens zwei Teilen hergestellt wird.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston is made of at least two parts. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erstes der mindestens zwei Teile des Kolbens aus Aluminium hergestellt wird und dass ein zweites der mindestens zwei Teile des Kolbens aus der Eisen-Aluminium-Chrom-Legierung hergestellt wird.Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that a first of the at least two parts of the piston is made of aluminum and that a second of the at least two parts of the piston is made of the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben gießtechnisch hergestellt wird.Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the piston is produced by casting. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben thermomechanisch hergestellt wird.Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the piston is produced thermomechanically.
EP07002394.0A 2006-02-16 2007-02-05 Piston for combustion engines and method for manufacturing a piston for combustion engines Not-in-force EP1820952B1 (en)

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CN106715880B (en) * 2014-10-01 2021-10-26 大众汽车有限公司 Piston, piston machine with piston and automobile with piston machine

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