EP1796872A1 - Method for polishing particularly of optically-active surfaces such as lenses - Google Patents
Method for polishing particularly of optically-active surfaces such as lensesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1796872A1 EP1796872A1 EP05791201A EP05791201A EP1796872A1 EP 1796872 A1 EP1796872 A1 EP 1796872A1 EP 05791201 A EP05791201 A EP 05791201A EP 05791201 A EP05791201 A EP 05791201A EP 1796872 A1 EP1796872 A1 EP 1796872A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- workpiece
- polishing
- axis
- relative angle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/01—Specific tools, e.g. bowl-like; Production, dressing or fastening of these tools
- B24B13/012—Specific tools, e.g. bowl-like; Production, dressing or fastening of these tools conformable in shape to the optical surface, e.g. by fluid pressure acting on an elastic membrane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor grinding of lenses, the tool or work being controlled by information-carrying means, e.g. patterns, punched tapes, magnetic tapes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for polishing a surface of a workpiece by means of a tool rotating about a tool axis, wherein the workpiece in at least one region of the workpiece surface with a respective currently touching surface, which is a portion of a be ⁇ working surface, which in turn at least a portion a polishing surface of the tool is touched, wherein the tool axis pierces the polishing surface.
- a working surface is understood as meaning the entirety of all surfaces of a rotating tool that contact a workpiece during one revolution of the tool.
- the momentarily contacting surface is considered to be the surface of the tool which is in contact with the workpiece at any one time.
- a rotating tool 2 is moved on a likewise rotating workpiece 1, wherein the tool 2 consists of a rubber membrane or a ram with a glued-on polyurethane membrane, the so-called polishing foil or surface 2.1 ,
- the tool rotates about a tool axis 2.2, the workpiece rotates about a workpiece axis 1.2.
- the polishing film has a curvature and lies during processing with its center of rotation and a nikför ⁇ migen, machining area 2.4 to the center of rotation on the Werk ⁇ piece 1 on. In this case, it is pressed for example by compressed air or a de ⁇ forming elastomer.
- the removal of the workpiece 1 is achieved both by the polishing film, as well as by a constantly supplied liquid.
- the membrane or the plunger is always placed vertically on the workpiece surface 1.1 to be polished by means of a CNC program and guided slowly over the workpiece 1 over a radius.
- the subfigures a), b) and c) show individual times of such a movement, both in lateral looks as well as in top view. The choice of the speed profile on the radius controls the removal in order to achieve the desired shape of the workpiece 1.
- a wheel-shaped polishing tool 2 rotating about a tool axis 2.2 is guided over a workpiece surface 2.1 of a workpiece 1 rotating about a workpiece axis 1.2.
- the polishing surface 2.1 is in this case mounted on the running surface of the wheel-shaped polishing tool 2.
- the entire polishing surface 2.1 acts as a working surface 2.4, wherein at any one time only a momentarily berüh ⁇ rende surface 2.3 is in contact with the workpiece surface 1.1.
- the invention is based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned ge, in which a lesser wear of the Polierwerkzeu ⁇ ges or a shorter duration of the polishing process can be achieved, with free-form surfaces and non-rotating workpieces are polished.
- the object is achieved by a method which has the features specified in claim 1.
- polishing takes place only with the central subarea around the axis of rotation of the polishing tool, which means a minimum working surface.
- the working surface and the momentarily contacting surface are identical at all times of polishing.
- the midpoint of the partial surface of the polishing surface currently touching the workpiece is preferably away from the axis of rotation of the tool, whereby an enlarged surface for polishing is used.
- the machined surface is a circular ring on the polishing surface. At a small distance, it is a circle whose diameter increases with the distance.
- the longer service life of the tool allows a better prediction of the Po liervorganges and thus also a higher accuracy of the same.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to effectively polish edge regions of lenses with a reduced risk of destroying the polishing tool.
- the extended tool life reduces downtime of the production process.
- the accuracy of the polishing is further increased by the fact that the Geschwin ⁇ dtechniksver whatsoever over the working surface is more uniform, whereby fewer errors occur.
- the center of the polishing surface is stationary as a fulcrum, while the outer edges of the working surface move at opposite speeds, which makes precise machining difficult.
- any direction parallel to the workpiece axis is regarded as vertical.
- a commercially available polishing machine can be used when the tool is tilted therein, wherein a relative angle between the tool axis and a local surface normal of the workpiece in the contacted area is set.
- the method can be used both for convex and concave workpieces as well as for convex and concave freeform surfaces such as toroids or cylindrical surfaces.
- the known polishing machines offer only a limited absolute tilt angle to the vertical for tilting the tool, for example less than 46 °. Work piece surfaces with slopes greater than this maximum angle can not be machined by the conventional method.
- With the method according to the invention can be polished with sufficiently curved tool at a low tilt angle of the tool, if necessary even constant 0 °, surfaces with any increase.
- a relative angle of more than 0 ° is set, thereby avoiding polishing with the center of the polishing surface and the associated disadvantages.
- the tool is tilted about an axis extending perpendicular to the tool axis, which is very easily possible by means of a CNC program, since tilting in such a direction can be carried out with commercially available polishing machines.
- the workpiece can be processed quickly in one go by moving the tool translato ⁇ risch along at least part of the workpiece surface.
- the relative angle in the course of the movement along the workpiece surface is changed continuously.
- the removal can be adapted to the machined surface of the workpiece.
- the relative angle for minimal removal is set to 0 °, for example, in the outer region the relative angle is increased in order to obtain the greatest removal there.
- the tool is evenly consumed in this way.
- the method can be optimally adapted to the respective application by determining the relative angle to be set based on data of the workpiece and / or the tool.
- the relative angle is determined from the respective relative position of the tool to the workpiece, based on a surface normal of the workpiece at this position, based on a polishing surface normal of the tool-contacting surface of the tool and / or on the basis of one ⁇ determined the deduction. This allows a high machining accuracy.
- the absolute tilt angle of the tool with respect to the vertical during the translational movement is kept constant.
- the tool is not tilted at all.
- the tool must meet the mechanical requirements, in particular sufficiently high rises at its edge, so that it can still touch the workpiece in any increase on the surface of the workpiece.
- the contact surface is well predictable.
- the absolute tilt angle of the tool during the translational movement with respect to the vertical is kept at 0 °. This variant is preferably used when workpiece and tool have an identical shape.
- the relative angle can also be set variably such that the track radii of the machined surface on the workpiece and the machining surface on the tool always coincide.
- the tool is tilted so that the working area of the polishing surface itself has the same radius. This is implicitly the case, for example, when the shape of the workpiece and the tool are the same and the absolute tilt angle of the tool to the vertical is constant 0 °. This allows a uniform Ab ⁇ utilization of the tool and optimally effected by the web speed removal at a rotating workpiece adapted to the machined surface.
- the relative angle is kept constant during the course of the movement.
- convex workpieces can be machined by the method according to the invention by using a tool with a flat polishing surface as a function of a surface normal of the workpiece.
- Piece is tilted in the touched area about an axis different from the tool axis, wherein the tool axis of the tool is aligned parallel to the surface normal and the tool is parallel to a Werk ⁇ piece surface in the touched area moved.
- the amount of displacement is determined by means of an ablation to be achieved, which increases the accuracy of the polishing.
- the control of the tool is simple if the workpiece rotates about a workpiece axis.
- the polishing process can be accelerated if the rotational movements of workpiece and tool are directed in opposite directions.
- the opposite speeds of the processed and machined surface make possible a higher removal rate.
- the tool is expediently pressed against the workpiece surface.
- the removal can be regulated if the contact pressure can be controlled.
- the workpiece is not damaged when the contact pressure is generated by means of compressed air.
- Rotationally symmetrical lenses can be processed with very little effort with this method.
- FIG. 1 shows a polishing method in the prior art with a constant relative angle of 0 °
- FIG. 2 shows a polishing method in the prior art with a tool axis parallel to the polishing surface
- FIG. 3 shows phases of the method according to the invention with a variable relative angle and schematically a polishing surface and a working surface in a respective side view and a schematic top view
- FIG. 4 shows phases of the method at a constant relative angle in the side view, as well as schematically the polishing surface and the processing surface,
- Figure 5 phases of the process at a constant absolute tilt angle to the vertical in side view and schematically polishing surface and machined surface and
- Figure 6 phases of the process with a flat polishing surface at a constant relative angle of 0 ° in side view.
- a workpiece 1 in this case a lens, with aspherical surface 1.1 by means of a tool 2 polished, which rotates about a tool axis 2.2.
- the three subfigures show different times during the polishing process.
- the workpiece 1 in turn rotates about a workpiece axis 1.2, wherein the directions of rotation on the side of the workpiece 1 facing the tool 2 rotate. are opposite, the vectors of the angular velocity are thus parallel to each other.
- the tool 2 contacts the workpiece 1 with a respective momentarily contacting surface 2.3, which is a part of a polishing surface 2.1, wherein the machining surface 2.4 on the polishing surface is due to the rotation of the tool 2 from the union of all currently contacting surfaces 2.3 2.1 results.
- the shape of the working surface 2.4 depends on the position of the tool 2.
- the polishing surface 2.1 is acted upon on the side facing away from the workpiece 1 side with an air pressure, whereby it is pressed surface with a corresponding contact pressure against the Werk Swissoberflä ⁇ 1.1.
- the air pressure and thus the contact pressure are preferably controllable, whereby the removal dependent on the contact pressure during the polishing can be controlled.
- the tool 2 is tilted in this example by a relative angle 3 between the respective surface normal 1.3 of the workpiece 1 and the tool axis 2.2 of the tool.
- the tilting takes place about a second axis, not shown, which is oriented perpendicular to the tool axis 2.2.
- the partial images a), b) and c) show three different moments of the polishing process, during which the tool 3 is moved along a radius of the workpiece surface 1.1.
- the relative angle 3 starts at 0 ° in the center of the workpiece 1 and increases continuously during the movement along the workpiece surface 1.1.
- the absolute tilt angle 4 of the tool 5 to the vertical 5 also increases during the movement, but remains low compared to conventional polishing methods. With sufficiently curved polishing surface 2.1, it is therefore also possible to polish steep rises using the method shown.
- FIG. 4 shows a method in which the relative angle 3 remains constant during the entire movement along the workpiece surface 1.1, in three sections a), b) and c).
- the polishing surface 2.1 is schematically illustrated in a view from below in all figures, wherein the respective processing surface 2.4 is hatched in a hatched manner.
- the machined surface 2.4 due to the konstan ⁇ th geometric conditions consistently a circular ring.
- the absolute tilt angle 4 of the tool to the vertical 5 decreases during the movement, it is in the center of the workpiece 1 maximum. Even with this method steep increases are polishable.
- the removal by the tool 2 in this example is more uniform during the movement along the workpiece surface 1.1 than in the case of the continuous change of the relative angle 3.
- the relative angle 3 increases steadily, whereas the absolute tilt angle 4 to the vertical 5 is constantly 0 °.
- This movement enables a simple position control of the tool 2.
- the tool 2 is positioned so that the center of the surface touching the same path radius as the circle touched by it on the workpiece surface 1.1.
- the working area 2.4 changes as a result of the variable relative angle 3, similar to the example shown in FIG. It grows as a function of the distance of the center of the currently touching surface 2.3 from the center of rotation of the polishing surface 2.1.
- FIG. 6 shows a variant of the method in which a tool 2 having a planar polishing surface 2.1 is used.
- the position of the tool 2 is set as a function of the position of the tool 2 such that the relative angle 3 between the tool axis 2.2 and the local surface normal 1.3 is constant 0 ° and the polishing surface 2.1 thus extends tangentially to the workpiece surface 1.1 - is directed.
- the center of the polishing surface is used only in the middle of the workpiece 1, in the outer regions the tool 2 is displaced tangentially to the workpiece surface 1.1, whereby the polishing process is accelerated depending on the rotational speed of the tool 2 or Life of the tool 2 is increased. Also, the polishing is possible with higher accuracy.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004047563A DE102004047563A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2004-09-30 | Method of polishing |
PCT/DE2005/001712 WO2006034695A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2005-09-28 | Method for polishing particularly of optically-active surfaces such as lenses |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1796872A1 true EP1796872A1 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
EP1796872B1 EP1796872B1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
Family
ID=35462576
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05791201A Not-in-force EP1796872B1 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2005-09-28 | Method for polishing particularly of optically-active surfaces such as lenses |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7854645B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1796872B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE415241T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102004047563A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2318539T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006034695A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017211467A1 (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | Schneider Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tool, device, and method for polishing lenses |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009004787A1 (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-15 | Schneider Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for polishing lenses |
US8460060B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2013-06-11 | Smr Patents S.A.R.L. | Method for creating a complex surface on a substrate of glass |
CN102725104B (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2015-07-01 | 小岛工程有限公司 | Lens spherical surface grinding method using dish-shaped grindstone |
FR2987771B1 (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2014-04-25 | Essilor Int | METHOD OF POLISHING AN OPTICAL SURFACE USING A POLISHING TOOL |
US20140113525A1 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-24 | Apple Inc. | Methods for finishing surfaces using tool center point shift techniques |
JP6766400B2 (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2020-10-14 | 株式会社ニデック | Eyeglass lens processing equipment and eyeglass lens processing program |
DE102017130797B4 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2022-06-09 | Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V. | Process for creating a desired surface profile |
DE102018202570A1 (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-22 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | A method of polishing a workpiece in the manufacture of an optical element |
US20210114171A1 (en) * | 2018-05-01 | 2021-04-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Conformable abrasive article |
GB2582639B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-10-18 | Zeeko Innovations Ltd | Shaping apparatus, method and tool |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5210695A (en) * | 1990-10-26 | 1993-05-11 | Gerber Optical, Inc. | Single block mounting system for surfacing and edging of a lens blank and method therefor |
DE4412370A1 (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1995-10-19 | Schneider Gmbh & Co Kg | Method and device for producing aspherical lens surfaces |
DE59500684D1 (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1997-10-23 | Opto Tech Gmbh | Spherical lens surface polishing device |
JPH10175148A (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 1998-06-30 | Nikon Corp | Base material for plastic lens and manufacturing device and method therefor |
AU1399600A (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-19 | Optical Generics Limited | A polishing machine and method |
DE10031057B4 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2005-04-07 | Optotech Optikmaschinen Gmbh | Method and apparatus for corrective fine polishing of pre-processed optical lenses and mirrors |
DE10106007B4 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2007-06-14 | Optotech Optikmaschinen Gmbh | Device for polishing lenses |
US6733369B1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-05-11 | Carl Zeiss Semiconductor Manufacturing Technologies, Ag | Method and apparatus for polishing or lapping an aspherical surface of a work piece |
US20040229553A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-18 | Bechtold Michael J. | Method, apparatus, and tools for precision polishing of lenses and lens molds |
-
2004
- 2004-09-30 DE DE102004047563A patent/DE102004047563A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-09-28 AT AT05791201T patent/ATE415241T1/en active
- 2005-09-28 ES ES05791201T patent/ES2318539T3/en active Active
- 2005-09-28 DE DE502005006093T patent/DE502005006093D1/en active Active
- 2005-09-28 WO PCT/DE2005/001712 patent/WO2006034695A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-28 EP EP05791201A patent/EP1796872B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2007
- 2007-03-30 US US11/729,799 patent/US7854645B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006034695A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017211467A1 (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | Schneider Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tool, device, and method for polishing lenses |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1796872B1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
ATE415241T1 (en) | 2008-12-15 |
ES2318539T3 (en) | 2009-05-01 |
US7854645B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
DE102004047563A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
DE502005006093D1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
WO2006034695A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
US20070173176A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
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