EP1796212B1 - Patch antenna - Google Patents

Patch antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1796212B1
EP1796212B1 EP20060025245 EP06025245A EP1796212B1 EP 1796212 B1 EP1796212 B1 EP 1796212B1 EP 20060025245 EP20060025245 EP 20060025245 EP 06025245 A EP06025245 A EP 06025245A EP 1796212 B1 EP1796212 B1 EP 1796212B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
radiating
radiating conductor
feeding
short
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP20060025245
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1796212A1 (en
Inventor
Masaru Shikata
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alps Alpine Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Alps Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alps Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Alps Electric Co Ltd
Publication of EP1796212A1 publication Critical patent/EP1796212A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1796212B1 publication Critical patent/EP1796212B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a planar-feed-type patch antenna according to the preamble of claim 1 or 2.
  • Such antenna is capable of feeding electricity to a radiating conductor in the same plane as the radiating conductor is disposed. More particularly, it relates to a patch antenna operated as a circularly polarized antenna.
  • a planar-feed-type patch antenna typically has a radiating conductor and an impedance matching circuit disposed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, and a ground conductor disposed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate in at least a region opposing the radiating conductor.
  • a feed signal is applied to a certain position at an edge of the radiating conductor via the impedance matching circuit.
  • the impedance matching circuit since the impedance matching circuit is provided in the configuration, the patch antenna may be consequently of large size.
  • a patch antenna in which a pair of slits are formed at edges of the radiating conductor, and a feeding section is provided within a band-like region interposed between the slits, so that electricity may be fed directly to the feeding section (for example, see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 5-259731 , pages 2 to 4, Fig. 2 ).
  • the above-mentioned known patch antenna is used for linear polarization, and impedance may be adjusted by properly determining the depth of the pair of slits sandwiching the feeding section. Accordingly, additional provision of the impedance matching circuit is not necessary, thereby promoting reduction in size of the patch antenna.
  • the method of adjusting the impedance according to the formation of the slits at the edges of the radiating conductor would not cause any problem when it is applied to a linearly polarized antenna.
  • the method when the method is applied to a circularly polarized antenna, it may be difficult to obtain a good axial ratio characteristic, inevitably causing deterioration in radiation gain.
  • the known method when the known method is applied to the circularly polarized antenna, it is necessary to form slits not only in the vicinity of the feeding section of the radiating conductor for the impedance adjustment, but also at other edges extending in a direction orthogonal to the former slits, for compensation.
  • EP 1 241 733 A1 discloses a patch antenna in which the feeding conductor is provided at a corner of a square radiation conductor, while a short-circuit conductor is disposed at a corner of the radiation conductor adjacent to the corner where the feeding conductor is provided.
  • WEN-SHYANG CHEN "Inset-microstripline-fed circularly polarized microstrip antennas" ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY, 1999.
  • US-A-4,095,227 discloses a microstrip dipole antenna having a feeding conductor comprises an adapter having a center pin extending perpendicular with respect to the plane of a ground conductor.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a planar-feed-type patch antenna for circular polarization providing a good axial ratio characteristic and being of reduced size.
  • a patch antenna according to an aspect of the present invention includes the features of claim 1 or claim 2.
  • a 0 ⁇ impedance point, at which voltage becomes zero in feeding, is provided at a location deviated from the center of the radiating conductor and at which the radiating conductor is connected to the short-circuit conductor, and distributions of voltage and current would be largely different from those in a case where the short-circuit conductor is not provided. Accordingly, it is possible to set the feeding section with an impedance of 50 ⁇ in the feeding conductor extending outward from the radiating conductor.
  • the number of the short-circuit conductors is appropriately determined on the basis of the location on the radiating conductor at which the short-circuit conductor is connected. For example, when the short-circuit conductor is connected to the radiating conductor at the predetermined position disposed on an extension of a line connecting the center of the radiating conductor and the feeding conductor, the short-circuit conductor is required to be provided only at this one location, thereby facilitating manufacturing.
  • the short-circuit conductors are provided at these two locations, and accordingly, it becomes possible to adjust the resonance characteristics appropriately for both of the two excitation modes which are electrically and spatially orthogonal to each other, thereby further enhancing improvement of the axial ratio characteristic.
  • the radiating conductor and the feeding conductor may be disposed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, whereas the ground conductor may be disposed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate, and the short-circuit conductor is provided in a through hole penetrating through the dielectric substrate.
  • This configuration is preferable because it may provide a patch antenna having a simple structure and promoting mass production.
  • the patch antenna according to the present invention it is possible to set the feeding section with the impedance of 50 ⁇ in the feeding conductor extending outward in the radial direction from the radiating conductor, by connecting the short-circuit conductor to the radiating conductor at the predetermined position deviated from the center of the radiating conductor, in the radiating conductor loaded with the degeneracy splitting element. Accordingly, there may be provided a patch antenna that is preferable for achieving reduction in size and does not need the impedance matching circuit even though the slits are not formed in the radiating conductor.
  • the radiating conductor may be easily designed to be of a shape having a good axial ratio characteristic, thereby facilitating manufacturing of a patch antenna for circular polarization which may secure a necessary amount of radiation gain.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a patch antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of the patch antenna
  • Fig. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing radiation gain of the patch antenna in an elevation angle direction.
  • a patch antenna 1 shown in these drawings generally includes a dielectric substrate 2, a radiating conductor 3 and a feeding conductor 4 disposed on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 2, a ground conductor 5 disposed on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and a short-circuit conductor 6 provided in a through hole 2a penetrating through the dielectric substrate 2.
  • the radiating conductor 3 is patterned to be substantially square-shaped, and two corners corresponding to either end of one diagonal L1 of the square are cut so as to remove triangular portions and loaded with degeneracy splitting elements 3a.
  • the feeding conductor 4 extends outward in the radial direction of the radiating conductor 3 to be projected from a position in the middle of an edge of the radiating conductor 3 by a certain distance, and a tip of the feeding conductor 4 functions as a feeding section F, whereby a planar-feed-type patch antenna is configured.
  • the ground conductor 5 is disposed substantially over the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and the radiating conductor 3 opposes the ground conductor 5 with the dielectric substrate 2 interposed therebetween. This provides a structure of a dielectric patch antenna.
  • An upper end of the short-circuit conductor 6 is connected to the radiating conductor 3 at a predetermined position thereof, and a lower end thereof is connected to the ground conductor 5.
  • a short-circuit point S that is a connection location on the radiating conductor 3 connected to the short-circuit conductor 6 is electrically connected to the ground conductor 5 via the short-circuit conductor 6.
  • the short-circuit point S is set on an extension of a line P connecting the center O of the radiating conductor 3 and the feeding conductor 4 (feeding section F), namely, it is set at a position deviated toward the side opposite the feeding conductor 4 by a predetermined distance from the center O of the radiating conductor 3.
  • the patch antenna 1 is designed such that a length of the one diagonal L1 of the radiating conductor 3 (a distance between the pair of degeneracy splitting elements 3a and 3a) is shorter than a length of the other diagonal L2 by a certain distance, and a phase difference of about 90 degrees is generated between an excitation mode along the diagonal L1 and an excitation mode along the diagonal L2. Accordingly, the patch antenna 1 is_operated as a one-point feed type, circularly polarized antenna, by applying a feed signal at a predetermined frequency to the feeding section F.
  • the radiating conductor 3 has a 0 ⁇ impedance point, at which voltage becomes zero in feeding, provided at the connection location (short-circuit point S) at which the radiating conductor 3 is connected to the short-circuit conductor 6 and the connection location is deviated from the center O of the radiating conductor 3, distributions of voltage and current of the radiating conductor 3 would be largely different from those in a case where the short-circuit conductor 6 is not provided.
  • a current distribution curve of the radiating conductor 3 extending along the left-right direction shown in Fig. 2 reaches the maximum value in the vicinity of the short-circuit point S, but varies relatively gently.
  • the patch antenna 1 may have the feeding section F with the impedance of 50 ⁇ in the feeding conductor 4 extending outward from the radiating conductor 3. Owing to this, feeding with achievement of impedance matching is available if a coaxial cable or the like with a characteristic impedance of 50 ⁇ is connected to the feeding section F.
  • the patch antenna 1 may set the feeding section F with the impedance of 50 ⁇ in the feeding conductor 4 extending outward in the radial direction from the radiating conductor 3. Consequently, the patch antenna may be reduced in size since the impedance matching circuit is not necessary even though the slits are not formed in the radiating conductor 3.
  • the radiating conductor 3 since it is not necessary to form the slits in the radiating conductor 3, the radiating conductor 3 may be easily designed to be of a shape having a good axial ratio characteristic, thereby easily securing a necessary amount of radiation gain. For example, a gain at the elevation angle of 90 degrees is as good as about 2.4 dBic.
  • the short-circuit conductor 6 is only required to be provided at one location of the dielectric substrate 2 in the through hole 2a, thereby simplifying the structure, facilitating manufacturing, and promoting easy mass production.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view showing a patch antenna according to a second embodiment. Like numbers refer to like components shown in Fig. 1 , and the description thereof is omitted.
  • a patch antenna 10 shown in Fig. 4 is different from the one described in the first embodiment in that two short-circuit conductors are connected to the radiating conductor 3 at two locations.
  • a short-circuit point S disposed on the one diagonal L1 of the radiating conductor 3 is connected to an upper end of a first short-circuit conductor 11, and a short-circuit point S disposed on the other diagonal L2 is connected to an upper end of a second short-circuit conductor 12.
  • Both lower ends of the short-circuit conductors 11 and 12 are connected to the ground conductor (not shown) at the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 2.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP20060025245 2005-12-08 2006-12-06 Patch antenna Expired - Fee Related EP1796212B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005355070A JP2007159031A (ja) 2005-12-08 2005-12-08 パッチアンテナ

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1796212A1 EP1796212A1 (en) 2007-06-13
EP1796212B1 true EP1796212B1 (en) 2009-07-22

Family

ID=37763924

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20060025245 Expired - Fee Related EP1796212B1 (en) 2005-12-08 2006-12-06 Patch antenna

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1796212B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2007159031A (ja)
DE (1) DE602006007936D1 (ja)
SG (1) SG133500A1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180175493A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Nanning Fugui Precision Industrial Co., Ltd. Antenna device and electronic device using the same

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104868239A (zh) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-26 哈尔滨工业大学 一种单馈圆环形缝隙加载宽带圆极化微带天线
CN107623187A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-23 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 微带天线、天线阵列和微带天线制造方法
CN113711441A (zh) * 2019-04-26 2021-11-26 日本电业工作株式会社 天线装置

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4095227A (en) 1976-11-10 1978-06-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Asymmetrically fed magnetic microstrip dipole antenna
FR2552937B1 (fr) * 1983-10-04 1987-10-16 Dassault Electronique Dispositif rayonnant a structure microruban avec element parasite
US6140965A (en) * 1998-05-06 2000-10-31 Northrop Grumman Corporation Broad band patch antenna
US5969681A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-10-19 Ericsson Inc. Extended bandwidth dual-band patch antenna systems and associated methods of broadband operation
AU3434201A (en) * 1999-10-08 2001-05-08 Antennas America, Inc. Compact microstrip antenna for gps applications
US6346913B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2002-02-12 Lucent Technologies Inc. Patch antenna with embedded impedance transformer and methods for making same
FR2822301B1 (fr) 2001-03-15 2004-06-04 Cit Alcatel Antenne a bande elargie pour appareils mobiles
JP2003243926A (ja) * 2002-02-15 2003-08-29 Alps Electric Co Ltd パッチアンテナ
JP2004165980A (ja) * 2002-11-13 2004-06-10 Alps Electric Co Ltd パッチアンテナ
US7050003B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2006-05-23 General Motors Corporation Low-profile antenna
US6977613B2 (en) * 2003-12-30 2005-12-20 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. High performance dual-patch antenna with fast impedance matching holes
JP3983224B2 (ja) * 2004-01-16 2007-09-26 アルプス電気株式会社 パッチアンテナ

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180175493A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Nanning Fugui Precision Industrial Co., Ltd. Antenna device and electronic device using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602006007936D1 (de) 2009-09-03
JP2007159031A (ja) 2007-06-21
EP1796212A1 (en) 2007-06-13
SG133500A1 (en) 2007-07-30

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