EP1788257B1 - Fluid pressure actuator with end of stroke locking means - Google Patents

Fluid pressure actuator with end of stroke locking means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1788257B1
EP1788257B1 EP06021249A EP06021249A EP1788257B1 EP 1788257 B1 EP1788257 B1 EP 1788257B1 EP 06021249 A EP06021249 A EP 06021249A EP 06021249 A EP06021249 A EP 06021249A EP 1788257 B1 EP1788257 B1 EP 1788257B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
drive unit
locking member
locking
operating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP06021249A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1788257A2 (en
EP1788257A3 (en
Inventor
Richard Buczek
Steffen Göggerle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Festo SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Festo SE and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Festo SE and Co KG filed Critical Festo SE and Co KG
Publication of EP1788257A2 publication Critical patent/EP1788257A2/en
Publication of EP1788257A3 publication Critical patent/EP1788257A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1788257B1 publication Critical patent/EP1788257B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/26Locking mechanisms
    • F15B15/261Locking mechanisms using positive interengagement, e.g. balls and grooves, for locking in the end positions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke
    • F15B15/223Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke having a piston with a piston extension or piston recess which completely seals the main fluid outlet as the piston approaches its end position

Definitions

  • One from the EP 0 639 120 B1 known working cylinder includes a drive unit equipped with a drive piston, projecting from the back of a equipped with a locking recess counter-locking member which dips into an end position of the drive unit in a subsequent to the associated working chamber additional chamber.
  • a transversely adjustable to the stroke direction of the drive member locking member is mounted, which can assume a locking position in the end position of the drive unit, in which it dips under spring tension in the locking recess of the counter-locking member and thereby blocks the linear movement of the drive unit.
  • a connection device can be used to supply fluidic pressure medium, which holds the locking member in a release position that is out of engagement with the counter-locking member, so that the drive unit can be moved linearly by appropriate fluidic actuation.
  • additional damping means are provided, which cause a reduction in the flow rate of the effluent from the downstream working chamber fluid during one of the final damping phase, so that in this downstream working chamber a certain back pressure is built up, the one Slowing the linear motion of the drive unit has the consequence.
  • the fluid required to hold the locking member in the release position is determined according to EP 0 639 120 B1 about the Connection device fed from the outside. Thus, it requires to control the locking member either an additional valve device or accesses the constantly fed during operation of the working cylinder operating pressure. Although the latter makes it possible to dispense with a separate control valve, the locking of the drive unit is coupled to the presence of the operating pressure. As long as the operating pressure is provided, locking in the end positions is not possible.
  • the applicant also distributes a product information entitled "Standard cylinder DNC, ISO 6431 and VDMA 24562" on pages 1 / 1.2-57 and 1 / 1.2-59 of a so-called “standard cylinder DNC-EL”, which is equipped with similar means for cushioning and for Endlagenverriegelung is equipped, but it is provided that the locking member is held by the pressure prevailing in the adjoining the working chamber additional chamber pressure in the release position. In this way, although it can be dispensed with an external fluid supply for driving the locking member.
  • a generic hydraulic cylinder with locking device which has a biased by a spring in a locking position locking member. Due to a downstream Relief valve, the locking member is displaced due to a pressure increase in a release position when approaching the locking drive unit to its final position.
  • an actuating chamber of the end position locking means is fed, which is bounded by an actuating surface formed on the locking member and the regardless of the additional chamber communicates constantly with the downstream working chamber.
  • the build-up during the damping phase in the downstream working chamber counter-pressure is used to hold the locking member in the release position. Since the fluid pressure in the outflow-side working chamber drops to atmospheric atmospheric pressure only when the end position is reached, it is ensured that the locking member only switches to the locking position when the drive unit has actually reached the assigned end position. This results in a high level of operational safety, with the desired functionality of the end-position locking means being independent of the set attenuation intensity. Since the release pressure is tapped system-internally, can be dispensed with a separate feed and an additional control valve. That from the Fluid diverted from the downstream working chamber is supplied to an actuating chamber associated with the end-position locking means and bounded by a movable actuating surface formed on the locking member.
  • the damping means can be designed so that only one or both stroke directions of the drive unit takes place a cushioning. If a cushioning phase effecting cushioning is present in both stroke directions, the measures for the end position locking may also relate to both end positions, wherein at least one locking member is associated with each end position for releasably blocking or locking the drive unit.
  • the damping means are designed so that they are effective in the respective stroke direction, when the drive unit has approached to a damping start position to the associated end position.
  • the damping phase expediently begins until the end position is reached.
  • the fluid displaced by the drive unit can flow off via an additional chamber with a large flow cross-section adjoining the outflow-side working chamber, so that a high speed of the drive unit is ensured.
  • the additional chamber is separated by the drive unit from the working chamber, so that the further displaced by the moving drive unit from the downstream working chamber fluid only throttled over a bypass chamber bypassing the additional chamber can flow out. The flow rate of the outflowing fluid is thus reduced, so that a back pressure causing the speed reduction of the drive unit can build up in the downstream working chamber. This pressure is applied to the associated locking member for driving.
  • a throttle device is suitably turned on, which is adjustable in terms of the induced throttling intensity.
  • a branching from the section of the bypass channel upstream of the throttle device to the working chamber is to be understood as the above-mentioned branching of the fluid used for controlling the locking member from the outflow-side working chamber.
  • a housing-sealed sealing ring can be arranged coaxially to the drive unit in the transition region between these two chambers, in which the drive unit dips with a piston-like closure member during the damping phase with sealing.
  • a closure member is commonly referred to as a damping piston.
  • a counter-locking member is expediently arranged on the drive unit, which dips in the end position to be locked in the associated additional chamber, so that the locking member can interlock with him.
  • the locking member is preferably formed plunger-like, wherein the counter-locking member may have a locking recess formed in particular as an annular groove, in which the plunger-like locking member can dive transversely to the stroke direction in the drive unit.
  • actuation channel channel For the supply of the fluid to the actuation chamber may be present at least one designated as an actuation channel channel which opens at one end into the actuation chamber and the other end in the working chamber.
  • This channel connection is expediently always open and contains no controls.
  • the actuation chamber is separated from the additional chamber at least during the damping phase. If the locking member is of a tappet-like design and has a passage connecting the actuating chamber with the additional chamber, then suitable sealing means are provided which prevent a passage of fluid through the passage past the locking member.
  • the actuating surface is formed in particular on a piston-like portion of the locking member designated as an actuating piston, which expediently simultaneously constitutes a head portion of the locking member.
  • the actuating piston is preferably arranged without seal in an associated piston receptacle, which he divides into the actuating chamber and an axially opposite, permanently connected to the atmosphere outer chamber.
  • the occurring between the actuating piston and the peripheral wall of the piston receiving leakage is so low that the switching from the locked position is not affected in the release position.
  • In the release position is achieved by cooperation of the actuating piston with a housing-tight seal that the actuation chamber is sealed off from the outer chamber and no unwanted pressure drop can occur.
  • the fluid-operated cylinder which is designated in its entirety by reference number 1, is operated with compressed air, but also permits operation with hydraulic media.
  • the working cylinder 1 contains an elongate cylinder housing 2, which in the exemplary embodiment consists of a cylinder tube 3 and two cylinder covers 4a, 4b arranged on its end faces.
  • an elongated interior 5 is defined, in which a drive piston 6 is slidably disposed in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 of the cylinder housing 2.
  • the drive piston 6 carries annular sealing means 8, which are in sealing contact with the peripheral wall of the inner space 5, so that the inner space 5 is divided by the drive piston 6 with sealing in two axially successive working chambers 12a, 12b.
  • the drive piston 6 is part of a drive unit 13 which, relative to the cylinder housing 2 along the longitudinal axis 7 in two opposite directions of lift 14a, 14b is movable.
  • the movement of the drive unit 13 can be tapped outside the cylinder housing 2, for example in order to move and position components of a machine.
  • the drive unit 13 has a piston rod 15 connected to the drive piston 6, which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 and passes through the cylinder cover 4b, which is referred to below as a front cylinder cover, displaceably guided under sealing.
  • Corresponding sealing means are illustrated at 16 and guide means at 17.
  • the two working chambers 12a, 12b are in each case connected to a separate control channel 18a, 18b, which opens out on the outside of the cylinder housing 2, so that fluidic pressure medium can optionally be fed or removed via a control valve device (not shown in detail).
  • a control valve device not shown in detail.
  • the connection of corresponding fluid lines enabling connection devices are not further illustrated in the drawing.
  • the working chamber into which pressure medium is fed during the current operating phase is referred to below as the inflow-side working chamber.
  • the working chamber, from the pressure medium is discharged during the current operating phase, hereinafter referred to as downstream working chamber.
  • the drive unit 13 moves in one or the other stroke direction 14a, 14b until it assumes an end position.
  • the end position is defined by the fact that the drive unit 13 on one or other of the cylinder covers 4a, 4b has come to bear axially.
  • the system on the rear cylinder cover 4a is referred to below as the rear end position, this is in FIG. 4 shown.
  • the opposite end position which is not shown in detail, is referred to as the front end position.
  • the two end positions are respectively defined by the fact that the drive piston 6 comes into abutment against a stop face 22 of the associated cylinder cover 4a, 4b facing it.
  • the working cylinder 1 is equipped with damping means 23, which cause the drive unit 13 when it reaches its end positions strongly attenuated, with only low kinetic energy, impinges on the associated stop surface 22. This protects the components and reduces operating noise.
  • the damping means 23 are formed so that at both stroke directions 14a, 14b a cushioning takes place. Alternatively, however, a design is possible in which the damping means 23 influence the linear movement of the drive unit 13 in only one stroke direction.
  • the principle of operation of the damping means 22 is fundamentally based on the fact that the flow rate of the fluid flowing out of the momentarily outflow-side working chamber is reduced during the damping phase in question of the drive unit 13 during a damping phase preceding the intended end position.
  • the moving drive unit 13 is opposed by a fluidic force which is higher than outside the damping phase, wherein the pressure difference prevailing between the two working chambers 12a, 12b is reduced and the speed of the drive unit 13 is greatly reduced until impact in the end position. Details of the preferred embodiment of the damping means 23 realized in the exemplary embodiment are described below, in particular with reference to FIGS FIG. 5 , explained.
  • upstream working chamber 12a which is hereinafter referred to the better distinction as the rear working chamber 12a, axially adjoins a preferably cylindrically shaped auxiliary chamber 24 which is formed within the rear cylinder cover 4a and via an orifice 25 (see also FIG. 1 ) is in fluid communication with the rear working chamber 12a.
  • the additional chamber 24 is arranged coaxially with the drive unit 13.
  • a muzzle 25 delimiting the sealing ring 26 is fixed to the housing.
  • He is the embodiment in a radially enlarged end portion 27 of the additional chamber 24 inserted axially and is axially fixed therein by a cap-like holding member 28 which is fitted onto the protruding into the cylinder tube 3 end portion of the rear cylinder cover 4a and suitably held axially by latching means 32.
  • the holding member 28 has a centrally perforated disc-shaped retaining wall 34 which is the front side of the rear cylinder cover 4a upstream of the drive piston 6 side facing and projects radially inward, with a radial overlap with the frontal opening of the enlarged end portion 27 sets, so the sealing ring 26 is prevented from removal.
  • the abovementioned abutment surface 22 is located on the retaining wall 34 in this embodiment.
  • the control channel 18a used for the control of the rear working chamber 12a extends in the wall of the rear cylinder cover 4a and communicates with the auxiliary chamber 24.
  • the control channel 18a communicates directly with the rear working chamber 12a via a bypass channel 35 bypassing the auxiliary chamber 24. so that at open mouth 25 through the additional chamber 24 and the bypass channel 35, a parallel fluidic connection between the rear working chamber 12a and the control channel 18a adjusts.
  • the bypass channel 35 practically forms a throttle channel.
  • throttle device 36 is turned on, which either determines a certain throttling intensity fixed or, as is the case in the embodiment, an adjustment with regard to the desired throttling intensity.
  • the throttle device 36 includes a more or less far in the bypass channel 35 depending on the setting throttle screw, which is manually positioned from the outside.
  • the drive unit 13 carries on the side facing the rear cylinder cover 4a side of the drive piston 6 as damper piston markable piston-like closure member 37. It is coaxial with the mouth 25 and can dip into the sealing ring 26, so that the fluidic connection between the auxiliary chamber 24 and the rear Working chamber 12a is shut off.
  • the following describes the mode of operation of the exemplary damping means 23 on the occasion of a movement of the drive unit 13 from the front to the rear end position.
  • this corresponds to the retraction movement of the drive unit 13-the two control channels 18a, 18b are activated in such a way that pressure medium is supplied via the front control channel 18b under an operating pressure, while at the same time the rear control channel 18a is in contact with the atmosphere connected is. Due to the fact that thereby adjusting between the two working chamber 12b, 12a in favor of the front working chamber 12b pressure difference moves the drive unit 13 according to the stroke direction 14a backwards in the direction of the rear cylinder cover 4a, as this as a snapshot FIG. 1 evident.
  • the rear working chamber 12a is the downstream working chamber, is displaced from the pressure medium in the rear control channel 18a.
  • the piston-like closure member 37 is formed and arranged so that it ends at the beginning of this linear movement at a distance in front of the rear cylinder cover 4a. It then does not dip into the sealing ring 26. Consequently, the pressure medium displaced from the rear working chamber 12a can be vented via the orifice 25 and the auxiliary chamber 24 across a large flow area.
  • the one only small flow cross-section available bypass channel 35 does not play a significant role.
  • Has the drive unit 13 covered a certain distance it reaches with respect to the cylinder housing 2 an axial position at which the piston-like closure member 37 is immersed under sealing in the sealing ring 26. This position, which can be referred to as the damping start position, is located shortly after the position FIG. 1 apparent position.
  • the remaining portion of the linear motion of the drive unit 13 constitutes a damping phase, from which in FIG Figures 2 and 3 two snapshots are taken.
  • the damping phase is characterized in that the mouth 25 and consequently the connection between the rear working chamber 12a and the additional chamber 24 is shut off by the closing member 37 entering the additional chamber 24 as a result of the interaction with the sealing ring 26.
  • the displaced from the rear working chamber 12a pressure medium can therefore not be vented over a large flow cross-section over the additional chamber 24 away.
  • the only remaining Ausströmitzkeit is that over the lower cross-section having bypass channel 35 away.
  • the braking intensity can be adjusted by varying the setting of the throttle device 36 according to the application.
  • Comparable working components of the damping means 23 are associated with the embodiment of the front cylinder cover 4b, however, which are only partially apparent from the drawing.
  • an additional chamber 24a formed in the front cylinder cover 4b with associated sealing ring 26a and a further closure member 37a arranged on the side of the drive piston 6 facing the front cylinder cover 4b can be seen.
  • the power cylinder 1 is further equipped with end position locking means 42 which are able to lock the drive unit 13 in the rear end position fixed to the housing, so that it is prevented from linear movement in the direction of the other end position.
  • end position locking means 42 which are able to lock the drive unit 13 in the rear end position fixed to the housing, so that it is prevented from linear movement in the direction of the other end position.
  • a locking of the front end position of the drive unit 13 is not provided in the embodiment. However, it would be readily possible to extend the functionality to a locking of the front end position. Likewise, the locking measures could relate only to the front end position.
  • the end-position locking means 42 comprise a transversely and in particular at right angles to the lifting directions 14a, 14b according to Double arrow 43 movable locking member 44 which is guided linearly displaceable in the wall of the cylinder housing 2, preferably in the wall of the rear cylinder cover 4a, according to the aforementioned mobility.
  • the locking member 44 is formed plunger-like, wherein it passes through a passage 45, the peripherally opens into the additional chamber 24 and connects with an opening formed in the housing actuating chamber 46.
  • the auxiliary chamber 24 facing the end portion of the locking member 44 forms a locking portion 47, which faces in the direction of the switching movement 43 formed on the drive unit 13 locking recess 48 when the drive unit 13 assumes the rear end position.
  • the locking recess 48 formed in the embodiment as the longitudinal axis 7 coaxial annular groove is formed on a counter-locking member 52 which protrudes from the drive piston 6 in the direction of the rear cylinder cover 4a, wherein it expediently extends axially beyond the associated piston-like closure member 37.
  • the counter-locking member 52 and then the closure member 37 first dip into the auxiliary chamber 24.
  • the locking member 40 is provided with an actuating piston 53.
  • This can be formed in particular by a head portion of the plunger-like locking member 44. He is slidably received in the direction of movement 43 in a cylindrical piston seat 54, which in the already mentioned actuating chamber 46 and a on the axially opposite side of the actuating piston 53 lying outer chamber 55 is divided.
  • the piston receptacle 54 may be the inner end section of a housing-side bore-like depression, in the base of which the passage 45 opens and in which a closure member 56 is inserted and in particular screwed in axially outward.
  • the outer chamber 55 is constantly in communication with the atmosphere.
  • the locking member 44 between a linear movement of the drive unit 13 permitting release position (off FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 visible) and a linear movement of the drive unit 13 located in an end position blocking locking position (off FIG. 4 visible) can be switched.
  • the locking member 44 assumes a position farther from the longitudinal axis 17, wherein it does not or only for a short distance projects into the additional chamber 24, so that it can not collide with the submerged drive unit 13 and its counter-locking member 52.
  • the locking member 44 projects further into the additional chamber 24, and to the extent that it can dive into the locking recess 48 at the rear end position engaging drive unit 13.
  • the locking member 44 is radially engaged behind by the counter-locking member 52 on the drive piston 6 axially opposite side, with the result that the drive unit 13 is blocked and can not be easily moved in the direction of the front end position.
  • spring means 58 in the embodiment in the form of a between the closure member 56 and the locking member 44 supported compression spring means 58 a, the locking member 44 is constantly acted upon in the direction of its locking position. The switching to the release position and the holding therein is done by controlled application of the spring means 58 opposite effective release force, which is caused by fluid loading.
  • an actuating channel 62 connecting the rear working chamber 12a constantly with the actuating chamber 46 is provided.
  • This can in principle be realized in part in the form of a cylinder attached to the housing 2 fluid line, in the embodiment, however, in an advantageous manner entirely in the wall of the cylinder housing 2 and thereby preferably in the rear cylinder cover 4a integrated.
  • actuating channel 62 By way of the actuating channel 62, essentially the same pressure prevails within the actuating chamber 46 as in the connected working chamber 12a. This pressure acts on an annular actuating surface 63 provided on the actuating piston 53 and, at a sufficiently high pressure (release pressure), can cause the release force required to hold the locking member 44 in the release position.
  • the locking member 44 is held by a release force in the release position, which result from the Fluidbeaufschlagung the actuating surface 63 and on the other from the fluid loading of the protruding into the additional chamber 24 end face 64 of the locking member 44.
  • the control channel 18a is connected to the atmosphere, resulting from the rapid retraction movement of the drive unit 13 within the rear working chamber 12a and associated with this additional chamber 24, a back pressure sufficient for the generation of the release force.
  • the actuating chamber 46 constantly communicates with the outflow-side working chamber 12a, independently of the auxiliary chamber 24, in which a relatively high pressure is applied during the damping phase Pressure is built up, the locking member 44 remains during the damping phase under the release position ensuring fluid loading.
  • the fluid used to hold the release position of the locking member is thus wholly or partly branched off from the outflow-side working chamber 12a during the damping phase.
  • the actuating channel 62 has in the embodiment a pertinent course that it opens at the drive piston 6 facing end face of the rear cylinder cover 4a in the subsequent rear working chamber 12a. He passes through the possibly existing retaining wall 34 of the holding element 28th
  • the locking member 44 is passed through the passage 45 under sealing. This ensures that no fluid from the actuating chamber 46 can flow into the additional chamber 24, which could affect the pressure build-up in the actuating chamber 46.
  • the sealing is done in the embodiment by a placed in the course of the passage 45 housing-fixed sealing ring 65th
  • the actuating piston 53 is preferably arranged without a seal and in particular without soft seals in the piston seat 54 slidably. Despite the thus existing air gap, the pressurization is sufficient to switch the locking member 54 in the release position. In addition, however, measures are taken which, when the release position is present, ensure a reliable sealing of the actuating chamber 46 with respect to the permanently vented outer chamber 55.
  • annular seal 65 which is fixed to the closure member 56 with sealing and which delimits the mouth 66 of the venting channel 57, wherein it simultaneously protrudes axially in the direction of the actuating piston 53.
  • the locking member 44 bears with its actuating piston 53 sealingly against the annular end face of the seal 65 and thus ensures the desired seal.
  • the described components of the end-position locking means 42 may additionally or alternatively be associated with the front cylinder cover 4b to allow a corresponding releasable locking in the front end position.
  • the working cylinder can be additionally equipped with sensor means for detecting the position of the locking member 44. This can For example, the correct operation of the end position locking means 42 are monitored.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen fluidbetätigten Arbeitszylinder, mit einer relativ zu einem Zylindergehäuse linear bewegbaren Antriebseinheit, die einen im Zylindergehäuse zwei Arbeitskammern voneinander abteilenden Antriebskolben aufweist und durch gesteuerte Fluidbeaufschlagung wenigstens einer der Arbeitskammern zwischen zwei Endlagen bewegbar ist,

  • mit Dämpfungsmitteln, die zumindest bei einer der beiden möglichen Hubrichtungen der Antriebseinheit während einer der Endlage vorausgehenden Dämpfungsphase die Strömungsrate des aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer abströmenden Fluides herabsetzen,
  • und mit Endlagen-Verriegelungsmitteln, die mindestens ein quer zur Hubrichtung der Antriebseinheit zwischen einer Linearbewegung der Antriebseinheit zulassenden Freigabestellung und einer die Linearbewegung der in einer Endlage befindlichen Antriebseinheit blockierenden und dabei in eine sich an die abströmseitige Arbeitskammer anschließende Zusatzkammer hineinragenden Verriegelungsstellung umschaltbares Verriegelungsglied aufweisen, das durch Federmittel in die Verriegelungsstellung vorgespannt ist und während der Dämpfungsphase durch Fluidkraft in der Freigabestellung gehalten wird,
  • wobei die während der Dämpfungsphase zum Halten der Freigabestellung des Verriegelungsgliedes aufgebrachte Fluidkraft zumindest teilweise von aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer abgezweigtem Fluid aufgebracht wird.
The invention relates to a fluid-actuated working cylinder, having a drive unit which is linearly movable relative to a cylinder housing and has a drive piston which divides two working chambers from one another in the cylinder housing and is movable between two end positions by controlled fluid admission of at least one of the work chambers.
  • with damping means which reduce the flow rate of the fluid flowing out of the downstream working chamber at least in one of the two possible directions of stroke of the drive unit during a damping phase preceding the end position,
  • and with end position locking means, the at least one transversely to the stroke direction of the drive unit between a linear movement of the drive unit permitting release position and a linear movement of the drive unit located in an end position blocking and thereby in a adjoining the downstream working chamber auxiliary chamber locking position switchable locking member, the is biased by spring means in the locking position and is held during the damping phase by fluid force in the release position,
  • wherein the fluid force applied during the damping phase to hold the release position of the locking member is at least partially applied by fluid branched from the downstream working chamber.

Ein aus der EP 0 639 120 B1 bekannter Arbeitszylinder enthält eine mit einem Antriebskolben ausgestattete Antriebseinheit, von der rückseitig ein mit einer Verriegelungsvertiefung ausgestattetes Gegen-Verriegelungsglied wegragt, das in einer Endlage der Antriebseinheit in eine sich an die zugeordnete Arbeitskammer anschließende Zusatzkammer eintaucht. Am Zylindergehäuse ist ein quer zur Hubrichtung des Antriebsteils verstellbares Verriegelungsglied gelagert, das in der Endlage der Antriebseinheit eine Verriegelungsstellung einnehmen kann, in der es unter Federvorspannung in die Verriegelungsvertiefung des Gegen-verriegelungsgliedes eintaucht und dadurch die Linearbewegung der Antriebseinheit blockiert. Über eine Anschlusseinrichtung kann fluidisches Druckmedium eingespeist werden, das das Verriegelungsglied in einer außer Eingriff mit dem Gegen-Verriegelungsglied stehenden Freigabestellung hält, sodass die Antriebseinheit durch entsprechende fluidische Ansteuerung linear bewegt werden kann. Um den gehäuseseitigen Aufprall der Antriebseinheit bei Erreichen der Endlagen abzumildern, sind zusätzlich Dämpfungsmittel vorhanden, die während einer der Endlage vorausgehenden Dämpfungsphase eine Herabsetzung der Strömungsrate des aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer abströmenden Fluides bewirken, sodass in dieser abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer ein gewisser Gegendruck aufgebaut wird, der eine Verlangsamung der Linearbewegung der Antriebseinheit zur Folge hat.One from the EP 0 639 120 B1 known working cylinder includes a drive unit equipped with a drive piston, projecting from the back of a equipped with a locking recess counter-locking member which dips into an end position of the drive unit in a subsequent to the associated working chamber additional chamber. On the cylinder housing a transversely adjustable to the stroke direction of the drive member locking member is mounted, which can assume a locking position in the end position of the drive unit, in which it dips under spring tension in the locking recess of the counter-locking member and thereby blocks the linear movement of the drive unit. A connection device can be used to supply fluidic pressure medium, which holds the locking member in a release position that is out of engagement with the counter-locking member, so that the drive unit can be moved linearly by appropriate fluidic actuation. In order to mitigate the housing-side impact of the drive unit when reaching the end positions, additional damping means are provided, which cause a reduction in the flow rate of the effluent from the downstream working chamber fluid during one of the final damping phase, so that in this downstream working chamber a certain back pressure is built up, the one Slowing the linear motion of the drive unit has the consequence.

Das zum Halten des Verriegelungsgliedes in der Freigabestellung erforderliche Fluid wird gemäß EP 0 639 120 B1 über die Anschlusseinrichtung von Extern her eingespeist. Somit bedarf es zur Ansteuerung des Verriegelungsgliedes entweder einer zusätzlichen Ventileinrichtung oder man greift auf den während des Betriebes des Arbeitszylinders ständig eingespeisten Betriebsdruck zurück. Letzteres ermöglicht zwar einen Verzicht auf ein gesondertes Steuerventil, koppelt die Verriegelung der Antriebseinheit jedoch an die Präsenz des Betriebsdruckes. Solange der Betriebsdruck bereitgestellt wird, ist eine Verriegelung in den Endlagen nicht möglich.The fluid required to hold the locking member in the release position is determined according to EP 0 639 120 B1 about the Connection device fed from the outside. Thus, it requires to control the locking member either an additional valve device or accesses the constantly fed during operation of the working cylinder operating pressure. Although the latter makes it possible to dispense with a separate control valve, the locking of the drive unit is coupled to the presence of the operating pressure. As long as the operating pressure is provided, locking in the end positions is not possible.

Die Anmelderin vertreibt auch bereits einen auf Seiten 1/1.2-57 und 1/1.2-59 einer mit "Normzylinder DNC, ISO 6431 und VDMA 24562" betitelten Produktinformation einen sogenannten "Normzylinder DNC-EL", der mit ähnlichen Mitteln zur Endlagendämpfung und zur Endlagenverriegelung ausgestattet ist, wobei aber vorgesehen ist, dass das Verriegelungsglied durch den in der sich an die Arbeitskammer anschließenden Zusatzkammer herrschenden Druck in der Freigabestellung gehalten wird. Auf diese weise kann zwar auf eine externe Fluideinspeisung zur Ansteuerung des Verriegelungsgliedes verzichtet werden. Dieser Vorteil wird jedoch mit dem Nachteil erkauft, dass der während der Dämpfungsphase in der Zusatzkammer herrschende Druck insbesondere bei voller Dämpfungsintensität rasch abfällt und deshalb das Verriegelungsglied unter Umständen schon in die Verriegelungsstellung umschaltet, bevor sich die Antriebseinheit in der zu blockierenden Endlage befindet. Mögliche Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen oder zumindest ein erhöhter Verschleiß können die Folge sein.The applicant also distributes a product information entitled "Standard cylinder DNC, ISO 6431 and VDMA 24562" on pages 1 / 1.2-57 and 1 / 1.2-59 of a so-called "standard cylinder DNC-EL", which is equipped with similar means for cushioning and for Endlagenverriegelung is equipped, but it is provided that the locking member is held by the pressure prevailing in the adjoining the working chamber additional chamber pressure in the release position. In this way, although it can be dispensed with an external fluid supply for driving the locking member. However, this advantage is achieved with the disadvantage that the pressure prevailing during the damping phase in the additional chamber pressure drops rapidly, in particular at full damping intensity and therefore the locking member switches under circumstances already in the locking position before the drive unit is in the end position to be blocked. Possible functional impairments or at least increased wear can be the result.

Aus der US 4 524 676 A ist ein gattungsgemäßer Hydraulikzylinder mit Verriegelungseinrichtung bekannt, der ein durch eine Feder in eine Verriegelungsstellung vorgespanntes Verriegelungsglied aufweist. Aufgrund eines nachgeschalteten Überdruckventils wird das Verriegelungsglied infolge eines Druckanstieges in eine Freigabestellung verschoben, wenn sich die zu verriegelnde Antriebseinheit an ihre Endlage annähert.From the US 4 524 676 A a generic hydraulic cylinder with locking device is known which has a biased by a spring in a locking position locking member. Due to a downstream Relief valve, the locking member is displaced due to a pressure increase in a release position when approaching the locking drive unit to its final position.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung bei einem fluidbetätigten Arbeitszylinder der eingangs genannten Art Maßnahmen vorzusehen, die mit geringem Aufwand eine zuverlässige Endlagendämpfung und Endlagenverriegelung ermöglichen.It is the object of the present invention to provide for a fluid-operated cylinder of the type mentioned measures that allow a low cost reliable end position damping and Endlagenverriegelung.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist in Verbindung mit den eingangs zitierten Merkmalen vorgesehen, dass das zum Halten des Verriegelungsgliedes in der Freigabestellung aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer abgezweigte Fluid einer Betätigungskammer der Endlagen-Verriegelungsmittel zugeleitet wird, die von einer an dem Verriegelungsglied ausgebildeten Betätigungsfläche begrenzt ist und die unabhängig von der Zusatzkammer ständig mit der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer kommuniziert.To solve this problem is provided in connection with the features cited above, that the branched off for holding the locking member in the release position from the downstream working chamber fluid an actuating chamber of the end position locking means is fed, which is bounded by an actuating surface formed on the locking member and the regardless of the additional chamber communicates constantly with the downstream working chamber.

Auf diese Weise wird der sich während der Dämpfungsphase in der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer aufbauende Gegendruck herangezogen, um das Verriegelungsglied in der Freigabestellung zu halten. Da der Fluiddruck in der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer erst bei Erreichen der Endlage auf atmosphärischen Umgebungsdruck abfällt, ist sichergestellt, dass das Verriegelungsglied erst dann in die Verriegelungsstellung umschaltet, wenn die Antriebseinheit die zugeordnete Endlage tatsächlich erreicht hat. Somit ergibt sich eine hohe Betriebssicherheit, wobei die gewünschte Funktionalität der Endlagen-Verriegelungsmittel unabhängig von der eingestellten Dämpfungsintensität gegeben ist. Da der Freigabedruck systemintern abgegriffen wird, kann auf eine gesonderte Einspeisung und ein zusätzliches Steuerventil verzichtet werden. Das aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer abgezweigte Fluid wird einer zu den Endlagen-Verriegelungsmitteln gehörenden Betätigungskammer zugeleitet, die von einer beweglichen Betätigungsfläche begrenzt ist, welche an dem Verriegelungsglied ausgebildet ist.In this way, the build-up during the damping phase in the downstream working chamber counter-pressure is used to hold the locking member in the release position. Since the fluid pressure in the outflow-side working chamber drops to atmospheric atmospheric pressure only when the end position is reached, it is ensured that the locking member only switches to the locking position when the drive unit has actually reached the assigned end position. This results in a high level of operational safety, with the desired functionality of the end-position locking means being independent of the set attenuation intensity. Since the release pressure is tapped system-internally, can be dispensed with a separate feed and an additional control valve. That from the Fluid diverted from the downstream working chamber is supplied to an actuating chamber associated with the end-position locking means and bounded by a movable actuating surface formed on the locking member.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Die Dämpfungsmittel können so ausgeführt sein, dass bei nur einer oder bei beiden Hubrichtungen der Antriebseinheit eine Endlagendämpfung stattfindet. Ist bei beiden Hubrichtungen eine die Endlagendämpfung bewirkende Dämpfungsphase vorhanden, können sich auch die Maßnahmen für die Endlagen-Verriegelung auf beide Endlagen beziehen, wobei dann jeder Endlage mindestens ein Verriegelungsglied zum lösbaren Blockieren bzw. Verriegeln der Antriebseinheit zugeordnet ist.The damping means can be designed so that only one or both stroke directions of the drive unit takes place a cushioning. If a cushioning phase effecting cushioning is present in both stroke directions, the measures for the end position locking may also relate to both end positions, wherein at least one locking member is associated with each end position for releasably blocking or locking the drive unit.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung sind die Dämpfungsmittel so ausgebildet, dass sie bei der betreffenden Hubrichtung wirksam werden, wenn sich die Antriebseinheit bis zu einer Dämpfungs-Startposition an die zugeordnete Endlage angenähert hat. Bei dieser Dämpfungs-Startposition beginnt die zweckmäßigerweise bis zum Erreichen der Endlage wirksame Dämpfungsphase. Vor Erreichend er Dämpfungsphase kann das durch die Antriebseinheit verdrängte Fluid über eine sich an die abströmseitige Arbeitskammer anschließende Zusatzkammer mit großem Strömungsquerschnitt abströmen, sodass eine hohe Geschwindigkeit der Antriebseinheit gewährleistet ist. Während der Dämpfungsphase ist die Zusatzkammer durch die Antriebseinheit von der Arbeitskammer abgetrennt, sodass das weiterhin von der sich bewegenden Antriebseinheit aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer verdrängte Fluid nurmehr gedrosselt über einen die Zusatzkammer umgehenden Bypasskanal abströmen kann. Die Strömungsrate des abströmenden Fluides ist mithin verringert, sodass sich ein den Geschwindigkeitsabbau der Antriebseinheit hervorrufender Gegendruck in der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer aufbauen kann. Dieser Druck wird dem zugeordneten Verriegelungsglied zur Ansteuerung aufgeschaltet.In a preferred embodiment, the damping means are designed so that they are effective in the respective stroke direction, when the drive unit has approached to a damping start position to the associated end position. At this damping start position, the damping phase expediently begins until the end position is reached. Before reaching the damping phase, the fluid displaced by the drive unit can flow off via an additional chamber with a large flow cross-section adjoining the outflow-side working chamber, so that a high speed of the drive unit is ensured. During the damping phase, the additional chamber is separated by the drive unit from the working chamber, so that the further displaced by the moving drive unit from the downstream working chamber fluid only throttled over a bypass chamber bypassing the additional chamber can flow out. The flow rate of the outflowing fluid is thus reduced, so that a back pressure causing the speed reduction of the drive unit can build up in the downstream working chamber. This pressure is applied to the associated locking member for driving.

In den Verlauf des Bypasskanals ist zweckmäßigerweise eine Drosseleinrichtung eingeschaltet, die hinsichtlich der hervorgerufenen Drosselungsintensität einstellbar ist. Unter der oben erwähnten Abzweigung des zur Steuerung des Verriegelungsgliedes herangezogenen Fluides aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer ist in diesem Falle auch ein Abzweigen aus dem der Drosseleinrichtung zur Arbeitskammer hin vorgeschalteten Abschnitt des Bypasskanals zu verstehen.In the course of the bypass channel a throttle device is suitably turned on, which is adjustable in terms of the induced throttling intensity. In this case, a branching from the section of the bypass channel upstream of the throttle device to the working chamber is to be understood as the above-mentioned branching of the fluid used for controlling the locking member from the outflow-side working chamber.

Zum fluiddichten Absperren der Verbindung zwischen Arbeitskammer und Zusatzkammer kann im Übergangsbereich zwischen diesen beiden Kammern ein gehäusefester Dichtungsring koaxial zur Antriebseinheit angeordnet sein, in den die Antriebseinheit während der Dämpfungsphase mit einem kolbenartigen Verschlussglied unter Abdichtung eintaucht. Ein solches Verschlussglied wird üblicherweise als Dämpfungskolben bezeichnet. An derjenigen Seite der Antriebseinheit, auf der sich eine zu verriegelnde Endlage befindet, ist an der Antriebseinheit zweckmäßigerweise ein Gegen-Verriegelungsglied angeordnet, das in der zu verriegelnden Endlage in die zugeordnete Zusatzkammer eintaucht, sodass das Verriegelungsglied mit ihm in Verriegelungseingriff treten kann. Das Verriegelungsglied ist bevorzugt stößelartig ausgebildet, wobei das Gegen-verriegelungsglied eine insbesondere als Ringnut ausgebildete Verriegelungsvertiefung aufweisen kann, in die das stößelartige Verriegelungsglied quer zur Hubrichtung in der Antriebseinheit eintauchen kann.For fluid-tight shut-off of the connection between the working chamber and the additional chamber, a housing-sealed sealing ring can be arranged coaxially to the drive unit in the transition region between these two chambers, in which the drive unit dips with a piston-like closure member during the damping phase with sealing. Such a closure member is commonly referred to as a damping piston. On the side of the drive unit, on which there is an end position to be locked, a counter-locking member is expediently arranged on the drive unit, which dips in the end position to be locked in the associated additional chamber, so that the locking member can interlock with him. The locking member is preferably formed plunger-like, wherein the counter-locking member may have a locking recess formed in particular as an annular groove, in which the plunger-like locking member can dive transversely to the stroke direction in the drive unit.

Für die Zuleitung des Fluides zu der Betätigungskammer kann mindestens ein als Betätigungskanal bezeichneter Kanal vorhanden sein, der einenends in die Betätigungskammer und andernends in die Arbeitskammer mündet. Diese Kanalverbindung ist zweckmäßigerweise ständig offen und beinhaltet keinerlei Steuerelemente.For the supply of the fluid to the actuation chamber may be present at least one designated as an actuation channel channel which opens at one end into the actuation chamber and the other end in the working chamber. This channel connection is expediently always open and contains no controls.

Damit in der Betätigungskammer ein stabiler Aufbau des gewünschten Freigabedruckes möglich ist, ist die Betätigungskammer zumindest während der Dämpfungsphase von der Zusatzkammer abgetrennt. Ist das Verriegelungsglied stößelartig ausgebildet und einen die Betätigungskammer mit der Zusatzkammer verbindenden Durchgang durchsetzend angeordnet, sieht man geeignete Abdichtmittel vor, die einen Fluidübertritt durch den Durchgang hindurch am Verriegelungsglied vorbei verhindern.So that a stable structure of the desired release pressure is possible in the actuation chamber, the actuation chamber is separated from the additional chamber at least during the damping phase. If the locking member is of a tappet-like design and has a passage connecting the actuating chamber with the additional chamber, then suitable sealing means are provided which prevent a passage of fluid through the passage past the locking member.

Die Betätigungsfläche ist insbesondere an einem als Betätigungskolben bezeichneten kolbenartigen Abschnitt des Verriegelungsgliedes ausgebildet, der zweckmäßigerweise gleichzeitig einen Kopfabschnitt des Verriegelungsgliedes darstellt.The actuating surface is formed in particular on a piston-like portion of the locking member designated as an actuating piston, which expediently simultaneously constitutes a head portion of the locking member.

Um ein möglichst leichtgängiges Umschalten des Verriegelungsgliedes zwischen seinen beiden Stellungen zu gewährleisten, ist der Betätigungskolben vorzugsweise dichtungslos in einer zugeordneten Kolbenaufnahme angeordnet, die er dabei in die Betätigungskammer und eine axial entgegengesetzte, ständig mit der Atmosphäre verbundene Außenkammer unterteilt. Die zwischen dem Betätigungskolben und der umfangsseitigen Wandung der Kolbenaufnahme auftretende Leckage ist dabei so gering, dass das Umschalten aus der Verriegelungsstellung in die Freigabestellung nicht beeinträchtigt wird. In der Freigabestellung wird durch Zusammenwirken des Betätigungskolbens mit einer gehäusefesten Dichtung erreicht, dass die Betätigungskammer von der Außenkammer abgeschottet ist und kein unerwünschter Druckabfall auftreten kann.In order to ensure the smoothest possible switching of the locking member between its two positions, the actuating piston is preferably arranged without seal in an associated piston receptacle, which he divides into the actuating chamber and an axially opposite, permanently connected to the atmosphere outer chamber. The occurring between the actuating piston and the peripheral wall of the piston receiving leakage is so low that the switching from the locked position is not affected in the release position. In the release position is achieved by cooperation of the actuating piston with a housing-tight seal that the actuation chamber is sealed off from the outer chamber and no unwanted pressure drop can occur.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen:

Figur 1
einen in vorteilhafter Weise erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten fluidbetätigten Arbeitszylinder im Längsschnitt und in einem Zustand, bei dem sich die in einer Hubrichtung bewegende Antriebseinheit kurz vor Beginn der Dämpfungsphase befindet,
Figur 2
den Arbeitszylinder aus Figur 1 nach Beginn der Dämpfungsphase,
Figur 3
den Arbeitszylinder aus Figur 1 weiterhin während der Dämpfungsphase und kurz vor Erreichen der Endlage der Antriebseinheit,
Figur 4
den Arbeitszylinder aus Figur 1 im Zustand der die Endlage einnehmenden Antriebseinheit bei gleichzeitiger Verriegelung derselben durch die Endlagen-Verriegelungsmittel und
Figur 5
den in Figuren 1 bis 3 rechtsliegenden Endabschnitt des Arbeitszylinders in der aus Figur 3 ersichtlichen Betriebsphase in einer vergrößerten Darstellung.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this show:
FIG. 1
a fluid-operated working cylinder configured advantageously according to the invention in longitudinal section and in a state in which the drive unit moving in a stroke direction is located shortly before the start of the damping phase,
FIG. 2
the working cylinder off FIG. 1 after the beginning of the damping phase,
FIG. 3
the working cylinder off FIG. 1 continue during the damping phase and shortly before reaching the end position of the drive unit,
FIG. 4
the working cylinder off FIG. 1 in the state of the end position engaging drive unit while locking the same by the end position locking means and
FIG. 5
the in FIGS. 1 to 3 right-hand end portion of the working cylinder in the off FIG. 3 apparent operating phase in an enlarged view.

Der in seiner Gesamtheit mit Bezugsziffer 1 versehene fluidbetätigte Arbeitszylinder wird mit Druckluft betrieben, lässt jedoch auch einen Betrieb mit hydraulischen Medien zu.The fluid-operated cylinder, which is designated in its entirety by reference number 1, is operated with compressed air, but also permits operation with hydraulic media.

Der Arbeitszylinder 1 enthält ein längliches Zylindergehäuse 2, das sich beim Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Zylinderrohr 3 und zwei an dessen Stirnseiten angeordneten Zylinderdeckeln 4a, 4b zusammensetzt. Durch das Zylindergehäuse 2 wird ein länglicher Innenraum 5 definiert, in dem ein Antriebskolben 6 in Richtung der Längsachse 7 des Zylindergehäuses 2 verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Der Antriebskolben 6 trägt ringförmige Dichtmittel 8, die mit der peripheren Wandung des Innenraumes 5 in Dichtkontakt stehen, sodass der Innenraum 5 durch den Antriebskolben 6 unter Abdichtung in zwei axial aufeinanderfolgende Arbeitskammern 12a, 12b unterteilt wird.The working cylinder 1 contains an elongate cylinder housing 2, which in the exemplary embodiment consists of a cylinder tube 3 and two cylinder covers 4a, 4b arranged on its end faces. Through the cylinder housing 2, an elongated interior 5 is defined, in which a drive piston 6 is slidably disposed in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 of the cylinder housing 2. The drive piston 6 carries annular sealing means 8, which are in sealing contact with the peripheral wall of the inner space 5, so that the inner space 5 is divided by the drive piston 6 with sealing in two axially successive working chambers 12a, 12b.

Der Antriebskolben 6 ist Bestandteil einer Antriebseinheit 13, die relativ zum Zylindergehäuse 2 entlang der Längsachse 7 in zwei einander entgegengesetzten Hubrichtungen 14a, 14b bewegbar ist. Die Bewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 lässt sich außerhalb des Zylindergehäuses 2 abgreifen, beispielsweise um Komponenten einer Maschine zu bewegen und zu positionieren.The drive piston 6 is part of a drive unit 13 which, relative to the cylinder housing 2 along the longitudinal axis 7 in two opposite directions of lift 14a, 14b is movable. The movement of the drive unit 13 can be tapped outside the cylinder housing 2, for example in order to move and position components of a machine.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel verfügt die Antriebseinheit 13 über eine mit dem Antriebskolben 6 verbundene Kolbenstange 15, die sich in Richtung der Längsachse 7 erstreckt und den im Folgenden der besseren Unterscheidung wegen als vorderer Zylinderdeckel bezeichneten Zylinderdeckel 4b unter Abdichtung verschiebbar geführt durchsetzt. Entsprechende Dichtmittel sind bei 16 und Führungsmittel bei 17 illustriert.In the exemplary embodiment, the drive unit 13 has a piston rod 15 connected to the drive piston 6, which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 and passes through the cylinder cover 4b, which is referred to below as a front cylinder cover, displaceably guided under sealing. Corresponding sealing means are illustrated at 16 and guide means at 17.

Der entgegengesetzte, im Folgenden der besseren Unterscheidung wegen als hinterer Zylinderdeckel bezeichnete andere Zylinderdeckel 4a ist geschlossen. Es wäre jedoch ohne weiteres möglich, eine das Zylindergehäuse 2 axial komplett durchsetzende Kolbenstange 15 vorzusehen, die dann auch rückseitig, durch den hinteren Zylinderdeckel 4a hindurch, aus dem Zylindergehäuse 2 herausragt und dort einen zusätzlichen oder alternativen Kraftabgriff ermöglicht.The opposite, in the following the better distinction because referred to as the rear cylinder cover other cylinder cover 4a is closed. However, it would be readily possible to provide a cylinder housing 2 axially completely passing through the piston rod 15, which then protrudes from the rear side of the cylinder housing 2 through the rear cylinder cover 4a, where it allows an additional or alternative force tap.

Die beiden Arbeitskammern 12a, 12b stehen jeweils mit einem eigenen Steuerkanal 18a, 18b in Verbindung, der außen am Zylindergehäuse 2 ausmündet, sodass über eine nicht näher dargestellte Steuerventileinrichtung wahlweise fluidisches Druckmedium eingespeist oder abgeführt werden kann. Das Anschließen entsprechender Fluidleitungen ermöglichende Anschlusseinrichtungen sind in der Zeichnung nicht weiter illustriert.The two working chambers 12a, 12b are in each case connected to a separate control channel 18a, 18b, which opens out on the outside of the cylinder housing 2, so that fluidic pressure medium can optionally be fed or removed via a control valve device (not shown in detail). The connection of corresponding fluid lines enabling connection devices are not further illustrated in the drawing.

Diejenige Arbeitskammer, in die während der momentanen Betriebsphase Druckmedium eingespeist wird, sei im Folgenden als zuströmseitige Arbeitskammer bezeichnet. Diejenige Arbeitskammer, aus der während der momentanen Betriebsphase Druckmedium abgeführt wird, sei im Folgenden als abströmseitige Arbeitskammer bezeichnet.The working chamber into which pressure medium is fed during the current operating phase is referred to below as the inflow-side working chamber. The working chamber, from the pressure medium is discharged during the current operating phase, hereinafter referred to as downstream working chamber.

Entsprechend der durch die fluidische Ansteuerung erhaltenen Druckdifferenz zwischen den beiden Arbeitskammern 12a, 12b bewegt sich die Antriebseinheit 13 in der einen oder anderen Hubrichtung 14a, 14b, bis sie eine Endlage einnimmt. Die Endlage ist dadurch definiert, dass die Antriebseinheit 13 am einen oder anderen Zylinderdeckel 4a, 4b axial zur Anlage gelangt ist. Die Anlage am hinteren Zylinderdeckel 4a sei im Folgenden als hintere Endlage bezeichnet, diese ist in Figur 4 gezeigt. Die entgegengesetzte Endlage, die nicht näher dargestellt ist, sei als vordere Endlage bezeichnet.According to the obtained by the fluidic pressure difference between the two working chambers 12a, 12b, the drive unit 13 moves in one or the other stroke direction 14a, 14b until it assumes an end position. The end position is defined by the fact that the drive unit 13 on one or other of the cylinder covers 4a, 4b has come to bear axially. The system on the rear cylinder cover 4a is referred to below as the rear end position, this is in FIG. 4 shown. The opposite end position, which is not shown in detail, is referred to as the front end position.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel sind die beiden Endlagen jeweils dadurch definiert, dass der Antriebskolben 6 an einer ihm zugewandten Anschlagfläche 22 des zugeordneten Zylinderdeckels 4a, 4b zur Anlage gelangt.In the exemplary embodiment, the two end positions are respectively defined by the fact that the drive piston 6 comes into abutment against a stop face 22 of the associated cylinder cover 4a, 4b facing it.

Der Arbeitszylinder 1 ist mit Dämpfungsmitteln 23 ausgestattet, die bewirken, dass die Antriebseinheit 13 beim Erreichen ihrer Endlagen stark gedämpft, mit nur geringer Bewegungsenergie, auf die zugeordnete Anschlagfläche 22 aufprallt. Dadurch werden die Bauteile geschont und das Betriebsgeräusch reduziert. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Dämpfungsmittel 23 so ausgebildet, dass bei beiden Hubrichtungen 14a, 14b eine Endlagendämpfung stattfindet. Alternativ hierzu ist jedoch auch eine Bauform möglich, bei der die Dämpfungsmittel 23 die Linearbewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 bei nur einer Hubrichtung beeinflussen.The working cylinder 1 is equipped with damping means 23, which cause the drive unit 13 when it reaches its end positions strongly attenuated, with only low kinetic energy, impinges on the associated stop surface 22. This protects the components and reduces operating noise. In the embodiment, the damping means 23 are formed so that at both stroke directions 14a, 14b a cushioning takes place. Alternatively, however, a design is possible in which the damping means 23 influence the linear movement of the drive unit 13 in only one stroke direction.

Im Folgenden seien die für das Abbremsen in der hinteren Endlage verantwortlichen Komponenten der Dämpfungsmittel 23 näher erläutert, unter besonderer Bezugnahme auf die vergrößerte Darstellung der Figur 5.In the following, the components of the damping means 23 responsible for deceleration in the rear end position are closer with particular reference to the enlarged view of FIG. 5 ,

Das Funktionsprinzip der Dämpfungsmittel 22 basiert grundsätzlich darauf, dass bei der betreffenden Hubrichtung der Antriebseinheit 13 während einer der angestrebten Endlage vorausgehenden Dämpfungsphase die Strömungsrate des aus der momentan abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer abströmenden Fluides herabgesetzt wird. Dadurch wird der sich bewegenden Antriebseinheit 13 eine fluidische Stellkraft entgegengesetzt, die höher ist als außerhalb der Dämpfungsphase, wobei die zwischen den beiden Arbeitskammern 12a, 12b herrschende Druckdifferenz herabgesetzt wird und sich die Geschwindigkeit der Antriebseinheit 13 bis zum Aufprall in der Endlage stark verringert. Details der beim Ausführungsbeispiel realisierten bevorzugten Bauform der Dämpfungsmittel 23 werden im Folgenden, insbesondere auf die Bezugnahme auf die Figur 5, erläutert.The principle of operation of the damping means 22 is fundamentally based on the fact that the flow rate of the fluid flowing out of the momentarily outflow-side working chamber is reduced during the damping phase in question of the drive unit 13 during a damping phase preceding the intended end position. As a result, the moving drive unit 13 is opposed by a fluidic force which is higher than outside the damping phase, wherein the pressure difference prevailing between the two working chambers 12a, 12b is reduced and the speed of the drive unit 13 is greatly reduced until impact in the end position. Details of the preferred embodiment of the damping means 23 realized in the exemplary embodiment are described below, in particular with reference to FIGS FIG. 5 , explained.

An die dem hinteren Zylinderdeckel 4a vorgelagerte Arbeitskammer 12a, die im Folgenden der besseren Unterscheidung wegen als hintere Arbeitskammer 12a bezeichnet wird, schließt sich axial eine bevorzugt zylindrisch gestaltete Zusatzkammer 24 an, die innerhalb des hinteren Zylinderdeckels 4a ausgebildet ist und über eine Mündung 25 (siehe auch Figur 1) mit der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a in fluidischer Verbindung steht. Die Zusatzkammer 24 ist koaxial zu der Antriebseinheit 13 angeordnet.To the rear cylinder cover 4a upstream working chamber 12a, which is hereinafter referred to the better distinction as the rear working chamber 12a, axially adjoins a preferably cylindrically shaped auxiliary chamber 24 which is formed within the rear cylinder cover 4a and via an orifice 25 (see also FIG. 1 ) is in fluid communication with the rear working chamber 12a. The additional chamber 24 is arranged coaxially with the drive unit 13.

Im Bereich der Mündung 25, also dem Übergangsbereich zwischen der Zusatzkammer 24 und der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a, ist gehäusefest ein die Mündung 25 umgrenzender Dichtungsring 26 angeordnet. Er ist am Ausführungsbeispiel in einen radial erweiterten Endabschnitt 27 der Zusatzkammer 24 axial eingesetzt und ist darin durch ein kappenartiges Halteelement 28 axial fixiert, das auf den in das Zylinderrohr 3 hineinragenden Endabschnitt des hinteren Zylinderdeckels 4a aufgesteckt und zweckmäßigerweise durch Rastmittel 32 axial gehalten ist.In the region of the mouth 25, so the transition region between the additional chamber 24 and the rear working chamber 12 a, a muzzle 25 delimiting the sealing ring 26 is fixed to the housing. He is the embodiment in a radially enlarged end portion 27 of the additional chamber 24 inserted axially and is axially fixed therein by a cap-like holding member 28 which is fitted onto the protruding into the cylinder tube 3 end portion of the rear cylinder cover 4a and suitably held axially by latching means 32.

Das Halteelement 28 besitzt eine zentral gelochte, scheibenförmige Haltewand 34, die der Stirnseite des hinteren Zylinderdeckels 4a auf der dem Antriebskolben 6 zugewandten Seite vorgelagert ist und nach radial innen ragt, wobei sich eine radiale Überdeckung mit der stirnseitigen Öffnung des erweiterten Endabschnittes 27 einstellt, sodass der Dichtungsring 26 an einer Entnahme gehindert ist. Die oben erwähnte Anschlagfläche 22 befindet sich bei dieser Ausgestaltung an der Haltewand 34.The holding member 28 has a centrally perforated disc-shaped retaining wall 34 which is the front side of the rear cylinder cover 4a upstream of the drive piston 6 side facing and projects radially inward, with a radial overlap with the frontal opening of the enlarged end portion 27 sets, so the sealing ring 26 is prevented from removal. The abovementioned abutment surface 22 is located on the retaining wall 34 in this embodiment.

Der für die Ansteuerung der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a verwendete Steuerkanal 18a verläuft in der Wandung des hinteren Zylinderdeckels 4a und kommuniziert zum einen mit der Zusatzkammer 24. Zusätzlich steht der Steuerkanal 18a über einen die Zusatzkammer 24 umgehenden Bypasskanal 35 direkt mit der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a in Verbindung, sodass sich bei offener Mündung 25 durch die Zusatzkammer 24 und den Bypasskanal 35 eine parallel geschaltete fluidische Verbindung zwischen der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a und dem Steuerkanal 18a einstellt. Dabei ist bei nicht verdeckter Mündung 25 der durch die Zusatzkammer 24 zur Verfügung gestellte Strömungsquerschnitt wesentlich größer als derjenige, der durch den Bypasskanal 35 definiert wird. In diesem Zusammenhang bildet der Bypasskanal 35 praktisch einen Drosselkanal. In seinen Verlauf ist eine in der Zeichnung nur schematisch angedeutete Drosseleinrichtung 36 eingeschaltet, die entweder eine bestimmte Drosselungsintensität fest vorgibt oder, wie dies beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fall ist, eine Einstellmöglichkeit hinsichtlich der gewünschten Drosselungsintensität bietet.The control channel 18a used for the control of the rear working chamber 12a extends in the wall of the rear cylinder cover 4a and communicates with the auxiliary chamber 24. In addition, the control channel 18a communicates directly with the rear working chamber 12a via a bypass channel 35 bypassing the auxiliary chamber 24. so that at open mouth 25 through the additional chamber 24 and the bypass channel 35, a parallel fluidic connection between the rear working chamber 12a and the control channel 18a adjusts. In this case, when the mouth 25 is not covered, the flow cross-section provided by the additional chamber 24 is substantially larger than that defined by the bypass passage 35. In this connection, the bypass channel 35 practically forms a throttle channel. In its course, only schematically indicated in the drawing throttle device 36 is turned on, which either determines a certain throttling intensity fixed or, as is the case in the embodiment, an adjustment with regard to the desired throttling intensity.

Beispielsweise enthält die Drosseleinrichtung 36 eine in den Bypasskanal 35 je nach Einstellung mehr oder weniger weit hineinragende Drosselschraube, die von außen her manuell positionierbar ist.For example, the throttle device 36 includes a more or less far in the bypass channel 35 depending on the setting throttle screw, which is manually positioned from the outside.

Die Antriebseinheit 13 trägt auf der dem hinteren Zylinderdeckel 4a zugewandten Seite des Antriebskolbens 6 ein als Dämpfungskolben bezeichenbares kolbenartiges Verschlussglied 37. Es ist koaxial zur der Mündung 25 angeordnet und kann in den Dichtungsring 26 eintauchen, sodass die fluidische Verbindung zwischen der Zusatzkammer 24 und der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a abgesperrt ist. Im Folgenden wird die Funktionsweise der beispielhaften Dämpfungsmittel 23 anlässlich einer Bewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 aus der vorderen in die hintere Endlage beschrieben.The drive unit 13 carries on the side facing the rear cylinder cover 4a side of the drive piston 6 as damper piston markable piston-like closure member 37. It is coaxial with the mouth 25 and can dip into the sealing ring 26, so that the fluidic connection between the auxiliary chamber 24 and the rear Working chamber 12a is shut off. The following describes the mode of operation of the exemplary damping means 23 on the occasion of a movement of the drive unit 13 from the front to the rear end position.

Um eine solche Linearbewegung - beim Ausführungsbeispiel entspricht diese der Einfahrbewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 - hervorzurufen, werden die beiden Steuerkanäle 18a, 18b derart angesteuert, dass über den vorderen Steuerkanal 18b unter einem Betriebsdruck stehendes Druckmedium eingespeist wird, während gleichzeitig der rückseitige Steuerkanal 18a mit der Atmosphäre verbunden ist. Auf Grund der sich dadurch zwischen den beiden Arbeitskammer 12b, 12a zugunsten der vorderen Arbeitskammer 12b einstellenden Druckdifferenz bewegt sich die Antriebseinheit 13 gemäß Hubrichtung 14a nach rückwärts in Richtung des hinteren Zylinderdeckels 4a, wie dies als Momentaufnahme aus Figur 1 hervorgeht. Hierbei stellt die hintere Arbeitskammer 12a die abströmseitige Arbeitskammer dar, aus der Druckmedium in den rückwärtigen Steuerkanal 18a verdrängt wird.In order to bring about such a linear movement-in the exemplary embodiment, this corresponds to the retraction movement of the drive unit 13-the two control channels 18a, 18b are activated in such a way that pressure medium is supplied via the front control channel 18b under an operating pressure, while at the same time the rear control channel 18a is in contact with the atmosphere connected is. Due to the fact that thereby adjusting between the two working chamber 12b, 12a in favor of the front working chamber 12b pressure difference moves the drive unit 13 according to the stroke direction 14a backwards in the direction of the rear cylinder cover 4a, as this as a snapshot FIG. 1 evident. Here, the rear working chamber 12a is the downstream working chamber, is displaced from the pressure medium in the rear control channel 18a.

Das kolbenartige Verschlussglied 37 ist derart ausgebildet und angeordnet, das es zu Beginn dieser Linearbewegung mit Abstand vor dem hinteren Zylinderdeckel 4a endet. Es taucht dann noch nicht in den Dichtungsring 26 ein. Folglich kann das aus der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a verdrängte Druckmedium über die Mündung 25 und die Zusatzkammer 24 hinweg über einen großen Strömungsquerschnitt entlüftet werden. Der einen nur geringen Strömungsquerschnitt zur Verfügung stellende Bypasskanal 35 spielt hierbei keine maßgebliche Rolle. Hat die Antriebseinheit 13 eine gewisse Wegstrecke zurückgelegt, erreicht sie bezüglich dem Zylindergehäuse 2 eine axiale Position, bei der das kolbenartige Verschlussglied 37 unter Abdichtung in den Dichtungsring 26 eintaucht. Diese als Dämpfungs-Startposition bezeichenbare Position liegt kurz nach der aus Figur 1 ersichtlichen Position.The piston-like closure member 37 is formed and arranged so that it ends at the beginning of this linear movement at a distance in front of the rear cylinder cover 4a. It then does not dip into the sealing ring 26. Consequently, the pressure medium displaced from the rear working chamber 12a can be vented via the orifice 25 and the auxiliary chamber 24 across a large flow area. The one only small flow cross-section available bypass channel 35 does not play a significant role. Has the drive unit 13 covered a certain distance, it reaches with respect to the cylinder housing 2 an axial position at which the piston-like closure member 37 is immersed under sealing in the sealing ring 26. This position, which can be referred to as the damping start position, is located shortly after the position FIG. 1 apparent position.

Beginnend an dieser Dämpfungs-Startposition stellt der restliche Abschnitt der Linearbewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 eine Dämpfungsphase dar, aus der in Figuren 2 und 3 zwei Momentaufnahmen herausgegriffen sind. Die Dämpfungsphase ist dadurch charakterisiert, dass durch das in die Zusatzkammer 24 einfahrende Verschlussglied 37 in Folge des Zusammenwirkens mit dem Dichtungsring 26 die Mündung 25 und folglich die Verbindung zwischen der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a und der Zusatzkammer 24 abgesperrt ist. Das aus der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a verdrängte Druckmedium kann also nicht mehr über einen großen Strömungsquerschnitt über die Zusatzkammer 24 hinweg entlüftet werden. Die einzige verbleibende Ausströmmöglichkeit ist diejenige über den einen geringeren Querschnitt aufweisenden Bypasskanal 35 hinweg. In Folge der dabei reduzierten Strömungsrate ergibt sich in der abströmseitigen hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a der Aufbau eines der Linearbewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 entgegenwirkenden fluidischen Gegendruckes, mit der Folge, dass sich die Bewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 verlangsamt und die Antriebseinheit 13 letztlich mit stark reduzierter Intensität an der hinteren Endlage (Figur 4) eintrifft.Beginning at this damping start position, the remaining portion of the linear motion of the drive unit 13 constitutes a damping phase, from which in FIG Figures 2 and 3 two snapshots are taken. The damping phase is characterized in that the mouth 25 and consequently the connection between the rear working chamber 12a and the additional chamber 24 is shut off by the closing member 37 entering the additional chamber 24 as a result of the interaction with the sealing ring 26. The displaced from the rear working chamber 12a pressure medium can therefore not be vented over a large flow cross-section over the additional chamber 24 away. The only remaining Ausströmmöglichkeit is that over the lower cross-section having bypass channel 35 away. As a result of the reduced flow rate, the structure of one of the linear movement of the drive unit 13 counteracts fluidic results in the downstream-side rear working chamber 12a Counterpressure, with the result that the movement of the drive unit 13 slows down and the drive unit 13 ultimately with greatly reduced intensity at the rear end position ( FIG. 4 ) arrives.

Die Abbremsintensität kann durch Variation der Einstellung der Drosseleinrichtung 36 dem Anwendungsfall entsprechend eingestellt werden.The braking intensity can be adjusted by varying the setting of the throttle device 36 according to the application.

Vergleichbar arbeitende Komponenten der Dämpfungsmittel 23 sind beim Ausführungsbeispiel auch dem vorderen Zylinderdeckel 4b zugeordnet, die allerdings nur teilweise aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich sind. Erkennbar sind beispielsweise eine im vorderen Zylinderdeckel 4b ausgebildete Zusatzkammer 24a mit zugeordnetem Dichtungsring 26a sowie ein weiteres Verschlussglied 37a, das auf der dem vorderen Zylinderdeckel 4b zugewandten Seite des Antriebskolbens 6 angeordnet ist. Somit ergibt sich auch bei der in der Hubrichtung 14b stattfindenden Ausfahrbewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 eine Aufpralldämpfung beim Erreichen der vorderen Endlage.Comparable working components of the damping means 23 are associated with the embodiment of the front cylinder cover 4b, however, which are only partially apparent from the drawing. For example, an additional chamber 24a formed in the front cylinder cover 4b with associated sealing ring 26a and a further closure member 37a arranged on the side of the drive piston 6 facing the front cylinder cover 4b can be seen. Thus, even when the extension movement of the drive unit 13 takes place in the stroke direction 14b, an impact damping results when the front end position is reached.

Der Arbeitszylinder 1 ist des weiteren mit Endlagen-Verriegelungsmitteln 42 ausgestattet, die in der Lage sind, die Antriebseinheit 13 in der hinteren Endlage gehäusefest zu verriegeln, sodass sie an einer Linearbewegung in Richtung zur anderen Endlage gehindert ist. Eine Verriegelung der vorderen Endlage der Antriebseinheit 13 ist beim Ausführungsbeispiel zwar nicht vorgesehen. Es wäre jedoch ohne weiteres möglich, die Funktionalität auch auf eine Verriegelung der vorderen Endlage auszuweiten. Ebenso könnten sich die Verriegelungsmaßnahmen auch nur auf die vordere Endlage beziehen.The power cylinder 1 is further equipped with end position locking means 42 which are able to lock the drive unit 13 in the rear end position fixed to the housing, so that it is prevented from linear movement in the direction of the other end position. A locking of the front end position of the drive unit 13 is not provided in the embodiment. However, it would be readily possible to extend the functionality to a locking of the front end position. Likewise, the locking measures could relate only to the front end position.

Die Endlagen-Verriegelungsmittel 42 enthalten ein quer und insbesondere rechtwinkelig zu den Hubrichtungen 14a, 14b gemäß Doppelpfeil 43 bewegbares Verriegelungsglied 44, das in der Wandung des Zylindergehäuses 2, bevorzugt in der Wandung des hinteren Zylinderdeckels 4a, entsprechend der erwähnten Bewegbarkeit linear verschiebbar geführt ist.The end-position locking means 42 comprise a transversely and in particular at right angles to the lifting directions 14a, 14b according to Double arrow 43 movable locking member 44 which is guided linearly displaceable in the wall of the cylinder housing 2, preferably in the wall of the rear cylinder cover 4a, according to the aforementioned mobility.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Verriegelungsglied 44 stößelartig ausgebildet, wobei es einen Durchgang 45 durchsetzt, der umfangsseitig in die Zusatzkammer 24 einmündet und diese mit einer in der Gehäusewandung ausgebildeten Betätigungskammer 46 verbindet. Der der Zusatzkammer 24 zugewandte Endabschnitt des Verriegelungsgliedes 44 bildet einen Verriegelungsabschnitt 47, dem in der Richtung der Umschaltbewegung 43 eine an der Antriebseinheit 13 ausgebildete Verriegelungsvertiefung 48 gegenüberliegt, wenn die Antriebseinheit 13 die hintere Endlage einnimmt.Conveniently, the locking member 44 is formed plunger-like, wherein it passes through a passage 45, the peripherally opens into the additional chamber 24 and connects with an opening formed in the housing actuating chamber 46. The auxiliary chamber 24 facing the end portion of the locking member 44 forms a locking portion 47, which faces in the direction of the switching movement 43 formed on the drive unit 13 locking recess 48 when the drive unit 13 assumes the rear end position.

Die Verriegelungsvertiefung 48, beim Ausführungsbeispiel als zur Längsachse 7 koaxiale Ringnut ausgebildet, ist an einem Gegen-Verriegelungsglied 52 ausgebildet, das von dem Antriebskolben 6 in Richtung zum hinteren Zylinderdeckel 4a wegragt, wobei es zweckmäßigerweise axial über das zugeordnete kolbenartige Verschlussglied 37 hinausragt. Wenn sich die Antriebseinheit 13 ihrer hinteren Endlage nähert, taucht also zunächst das Gegen-Verriegelungsglied 52 und anschließend das Verschlussglied 37 in die Zusatzkammer 24 ein.The locking recess 48, formed in the embodiment as the longitudinal axis 7 coaxial annular groove is formed on a counter-locking member 52 which protrudes from the drive piston 6 in the direction of the rear cylinder cover 4a, wherein it expediently extends axially beyond the associated piston-like closure member 37. When the drive unit 13 approaches its rear end position, the counter-locking member 52 and then the closure member 37 first dip into the auxiliary chamber 24.

An seinem dem Verriegelungsabschnitt 27 entgegengesetzten Endabschnitt ist das Verriegelungsglied 40 mit einem Betätigungskolben 53 ausgestattet. Dieser kann insbesondere von einem Kopfabschnitt des stößelartigen Verriegelungsgliedes 44 gebildet sein. Er ist in der Bewegungsrichtung 43 verschiebbar in einer zylindrischen Kolbenaufnahme 54 aufgenommen, die von ihm in die schon erwähnte Betätigungskammer 46 sowie eine auf der axial entgegengesetzten Seite des Betätigungskolbens 53 liegende Außenkammer 55 unterteilt ist.At its end portion opposite the locking portion 27, the locking member 40 is provided with an actuating piston 53. This can be formed in particular by a head portion of the plunger-like locking member 44. He is slidably received in the direction of movement 43 in a cylindrical piston seat 54, which in the already mentioned actuating chamber 46 and a on the axially opposite side of the actuating piston 53 lying outer chamber 55 is divided.

Bei der Kolbenaufnahme 54 kann es sich wie abgebildet um den inneren Endabschnitt einer gehäuseseitigen bohrungsartigen Vertiefung handeln, in deren Grundfläche der Durchgang 45 einmündet und in die axial außen ein Verschlussglied 56 eingesetzt und insbesondere eingeschraubt ist.As shown, the piston receptacle 54 may be the inner end section of a housing-side bore-like depression, in the base of which the passage 45 opens and in which a closure member 56 is inserted and in particular screwed in axially outward.

Über einen das Verschlussglied 56 durchsetzenden Entlüftungskanal 57 steht die Außenkammer 55 ständig mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung.About a the closure member 56 passing through the venting channel 57, the outer chamber 55 is constantly in communication with the atmosphere.

Im Rahmen der Umschaltbewegung 43 kann das Verriegelungsglied 44 zwischen einer die Linearbewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 zulassenden Freigabestellung (aus Figuren 1 bis 3 und 5 ersichtlich) und einer die Linearbewegung der in einer Endlage befindlichen Antriebseinheit 13 blockierenden Verriegelungsstellung (aus Figur 4 ersichtlich) umgeschaltet werden. In der Freigabestellung nimmt das Verriegelungsglied 44 eine von der Längsachse 17 weiter entfernte Position ein, wobei es nicht oder nur ein kurzes Stück in die Zusatzkammer 24 hineinragt, sodass es mit der eintauchenden Antriebseinheit 13 und dessen Gegen-Verriegelungsgliedes 52 nicht kollidieren kann. In der Verriegelungsstellung ragt das Verriegelungsglied 44 weiter in die Zusatzkammer 24 hinein, und zwar soweit, dass es bei die hintere Endlage einnehmender Antriebseinheit 13 in die Verriegelungsvertiefung 48 eintauchen kann. Dabei wird das Verriegelungsglied 44 von dem Gegen-Verriegelungsglied 52 auf der dem Antriebskolben 6 axial entgegengesetzten Seite radial hintergriffen, mit der Folge, dass die Antriebseinheit 13 blockiert ist und nicht mehr ohne weiteres in Richtung der vorderen Endlage bewegt werden kann.As part of the switching movement 43, the locking member 44 between a linear movement of the drive unit 13 permitting release position (off FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 visible) and a linear movement of the drive unit 13 located in an end position blocking locking position (off FIG. 4 visible) can be switched. In the release position, the locking member 44 assumes a position farther from the longitudinal axis 17, wherein it does not or only for a short distance projects into the additional chamber 24, so that it can not collide with the submerged drive unit 13 and its counter-locking member 52. In the locking position, the locking member 44 projects further into the additional chamber 24, and to the extent that it can dive into the locking recess 48 at the rear end position engaging drive unit 13. In this case, the locking member 44 is radially engaged behind by the counter-locking member 52 on the drive piston 6 axially opposite side, with the result that the drive unit 13 is blocked and can not be easily moved in the direction of the front end position.

Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, dass die Antriebseinheit 13 auch bei vertikaler Installation des Arbeitszylinders 1 in der hinteren Endlage bleibt, wenn sich unbeabsichtigt ein Druckabfall in dem in der vorderen Arbeitskammer 12b anstehenden Betriebsdruck einstellen sollte.In this way, it is ensured that the drive unit 13 remains in the rear end position, even if the working cylinder 1 is installed vertically, if a pressure drop should unintentionally occur in the operating pressure present in the front working chamber 12b.

Durch Federmittel 58, beim Ausführungsbeispiel in Gestalt einer sich zwischen dem Verschlussglied 56 und dem Verriegelungsglied 44 abstützenden Druckfedereinrichtung 58a, ist das Verriegelungsglied 44 ständig in Richtung seiner Verriegelungsstellung beaufschlagt. Das Umschalten in die Freigabestellung und das Halten darin geschieht durch gesteuertes Aufbringen einer den Federmitteln 58 entgegengesetzt wirksamen Freigabekraft, die durch Fluidbeaufschlagung hervorgerufen wird.By spring means 58, in the embodiment in the form of a between the closure member 56 and the locking member 44 supported compression spring means 58 a, the locking member 44 is constantly acted upon in the direction of its locking position. The switching to the release position and the holding therein is done by controlled application of the spring means 58 opposite effective release force, which is caused by fluid loading.

Um diese fluidische Ansteuerung zu realisieren, ist ein die hintere Arbeitskammer 12a ständig mit der Betätigungskammer 46 verbindender Betätigungskanal 62 vorhanden. Dieser kann prinzipiell teilweise in Gestalt einer am Zylindergehäuse 2 angebrachten Fluidleitung realisiert sein, ist beim Ausführungsbeispiel jedoch in vorteilhafter Weise zur Gänze in die Wandung des Zylindergehäuses 2 und dabei vorzugsweise in den hinteren Zylinderdeckel 4a integriert.In order to realize this fluidic actuation, an actuating channel 62 connecting the rear working chamber 12a constantly with the actuating chamber 46 is provided. This can in principle be realized in part in the form of a cylinder attached to the housing 2 fluid line, in the embodiment, however, in an advantageous manner entirely in the wall of the cylinder housing 2 and thereby preferably in the rear cylinder cover 4a integrated.

Über den Betätigungskanal 62 herrscht innerhalb der Betätigungskammer 46 stets im Wesentlichen der gleiche Druck wie in der angeschlossenen Arbeitskammer 12a. Dieser Druck wirkt auf eine an dem Betätigungskolben 53 vorgesehene ringförmige Betätigungsfläche 63 und kann bei ausreichend hohem Druck (Freigabedruck) die zum Halten des Verriegelungsgliedes 44 in der Freigabestellung erforderliche Freigabekraft hervorrufen.By way of the actuating channel 62, essentially the same pressure prevails within the actuating chamber 46 as in the connected working chamber 12a. This pressure acts on an annular actuating surface 63 provided on the actuating piston 53 and, at a sufficiently high pressure (release pressure), can cause the release force required to hold the locking member 44 in the release position.

Nachfolgend sei wiederum unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 1 bis 4 die Wirkungsweise der Endlagen-Verriegelungsmittel 42 erläutert.In the following again with reference to the FIGS. 1 to 4 the operation of the end position locking means 42 explained.

Bei der aus Figur 1 hervorgehenden Einfahrbewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 wird das Verriegelungsglied 44 durch eine Freigabekraft in der Freigabestellung gehalten, die zum einen aus der Fluidbeaufschlagung der Betätigungsfläche 63 und zum anderen aus der Fluidbeaufschlagung der in die Zusatzkammer 24 hineinragenden Stirnfläche 64 des Verriegelungsgliedes 44 resultieren. Obwohl der Steuerkanal 18a mit der Atmosphäre verbunden ist, resultiert aus der schnellen Einfahrbewegung der Antriebseinheit 13 innerhalb der hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a und der mit dieser verbundenen Zusatzkammer 24 ein Staudruck, der für die Erzeugung der Freigabekraft ausreicht.At the FIG. 1 resulting retraction of the drive unit 13, the locking member 44 is held by a release force in the release position, which result from the Fluidbeaufschlagung the actuating surface 63 and on the other from the fluid loading of the protruding into the additional chamber 24 end face 64 of the locking member 44. Although the control channel 18a is connected to the atmosphere, resulting from the rapid retraction movement of the drive unit 13 within the rear working chamber 12a and associated with this additional chamber 24, a back pressure sufficient for the generation of the release force.

Mit Beginn der Dämpfungsphase jedoch tritt in der weiterhin entlüfteten Zusatzkammer 24 auf Grund der Abtrennung von der benachbarten abströmseitigen hinteren Arbeitskammer 12a ein Druckabfall ein. Vor allem wenn ein sehr geringer Strömungsquerschnitt des Bypasskanals 35 eingestellt ist und mithin eine hohe Dämpfungsintensität vorliegt, wird die Antriebseinheit 13 so stark abgebremst, dass der in der Zusatzkammer 24 herrschende und sich schnell abbauende Druck allein nicht mehr ausreichen würde, um das Verriegelungsglied 44 in der Freigabestellung zu halten. Letzteres ist jedoch notwendig, um ohne Kollision mit dem Verriegelungsglied 44 ein Einfahren der Antriebseinheit 13 in die hintere Endlage zu gewährleisten.With the beginning of the damping phase, however, occurs in the still vented additional chamber 24 due to the separation of the adjacent outflow-side rear working chamber 12 a, a pressure drop. Especially when a very small flow cross-section of the bypass channel 35 is set and thus there is a high damping intensity, the drive unit 13 is slowed down so much that the prevailing in the additional chamber 24 and rapidly degrading pressure alone would not be enough to the locking member 44 in to hold the release order. The latter is necessary, however, to ensure a retraction of the drive unit 13 in the rear end position without collision with the locking member 44.

Hier setzt nun der besondere Vorteil der Erfindung ein. Indem die Betätigungskammer 46 unabhängig von der Zusatzkammer 24 ständig mit der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer 12a kommuniziert, in der während der Dämpfungsphase ein relativ hoher Druck aufgebaut wird, bleibt das Verriegelungsglied 44 auch während der Dämpfungsphase unter einer die Freigabestellung gewährleistenden Fluidbeaufschlagung. Je nach dem, wie stark der in der Zusatzkammer 24 befindliche Druck ist, wird somit das zum Halten der Freigabestellung des Verriegelungsgliedes herangezogene Fluid während der Dämpfungsphase ganz oder teilweise aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer 12a abgezweigt.Here now sets the particular advantage of the invention. In that the actuating chamber 46 constantly communicates with the outflow-side working chamber 12a, independently of the auxiliary chamber 24, in which a relatively high pressure is applied during the damping phase Pressure is built up, the locking member 44 remains during the damping phase under the release position ensuring fluid loading. Depending on how strong the pressure in the auxiliary chamber 24 is, the fluid used to hold the release position of the locking member is thus wholly or partly branched off from the outflow-side working chamber 12a during the damping phase.

Erst wenn die Endlage erreicht ist und sich auch in der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer der Druck abgebaut hat, fällt entsprechend der in der Betätigungskammer 46 herrschende Druck weg, sodass die Federmittel 58 in der Lage sind, das Verriegelungsglied 44 in die Verriegelungsstellung gemäß Figur 4 zu verlagern. Somit ist gewährleistet, dass das Umschalten in die Verriegelungsstellung erst stattfindet, wenn die Antriebseinheit 13 die zugeordnete Endlage erreicht hat. Man vermeidet somit einen verschleißfördernden Aufprall der Antriebseinheit 13 auf das Verriegelungsglied 44.Only when the end position is reached and has reduced in the downstream working chamber, the pressure drops according to the ruling in the actuating chamber 46 pressure away, so that the spring means 58 are capable of the locking member 44 in the locking position according to FIG. 4 to relocate. This ensures that switching to the locking position takes place only when the drive unit 13 has reached the assigned end position. Thus, one avoids a wear-promoting impact of the drive unit 13 on the locking member 44th

Der Betätigungskanal 62 hat beim Ausführungsbeispiel einen dahingehenden Verlauf, dass er an der dem Antriebskolben 6 zugewandten Stirnfläche des hinteren Zylinderdeckels 4a in die sich anschließende hintere Arbeitskammer 12a einmündet. Dabei durchsetzt er die ggf. vorhandene Haltewand 34 des Halteelementes 28.The actuating channel 62 has in the embodiment a pertinent course that it opens at the drive piston 6 facing end face of the rear cylinder cover 4a in the subsequent rear working chamber 12a. He passes through the possibly existing retaining wall 34 of the holding element 28th

Der Druckabgriff aus der abströmseitigen Arbeitskammer könnte jedoch ohne weiteres auch in dem zwischen der Arbeitskammer und der Drosseleinrichtung 36 verlaufenden Abschnitt des Bypasskanals 35 erfolgen.However, the pressure tap from the outflow-side working chamber could easily take place in the section of the bypass channel 35 extending between the working chamber and the throttle device 36.

Das Verriegelungsglied 44 ist unter Abdichtung durch den Durchgang 45 hindurchgeführt. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass kein Fluid aus der Betätigungskammer 46 in die Zusatzkammer 24 abströmen kann, was den Druckaufbau in der Betätigungskammer 46 beeinträchtigen könnte. Die Abdichtung geschieht beim Ausführungsbeispiel durch einen im Verlauf des Durchganges 45 platzierten gehäusefesten Dichtungsring 65.The locking member 44 is passed through the passage 45 under sealing. This ensures that no fluid from the actuating chamber 46 can flow into the additional chamber 24, which could affect the pressure build-up in the actuating chamber 46. The sealing is done in the embodiment by a placed in the course of the passage 45 housing-fixed sealing ring 65th

Um eine leichtgängige Umschaltbewegung zu gewährleisten, ist der Betätigungskolben 53 bevorzugt dichtungslos und insbesondere ohne Weichdichtungen in der Kolbenaufnahme 54 verschiebbar angeordnet. Trotz des dadurch vorhandenen Luftspaltes reicht die Druckbeaufschlagung aus, um das Verriegelungsglied 54 in die Freigabestellung umzuschalten. Darüber hinaus sind aber Maßnahmen getroffen, die dann, wenn die Freigabestellung vorliegt, eine zuverlässige Abdichtung der Betätigungskammer 46 gegenüber der ständig entlüfteten Außenkammer 55 gewährleisten.In order to ensure a smooth switching movement, the actuating piston 53 is preferably arranged without a seal and in particular without soft seals in the piston seat 54 slidably. Despite the thus existing air gap, the pressurization is sufficient to switch the locking member 54 in the release position. In addition, however, measures are taken which, when the release position is present, ensure a reliable sealing of the actuating chamber 46 with respect to the permanently vented outer chamber 55.

Diese Maßnahmen bestehen in einer ringförmigen Dichtung 65, die an dem Verschlussglied 56 unter Abdichtung fixiert ist und die die Mündung 66 des Entlüftungskanals 57 umgrenzt, wobei sie gleichzeitig axial in Richtung zum Betätigungskolben 53 vorsteht. In der Freigabestellung liegt das Verriegelungsglied 44 mit seinem Betätigungskolben 53 dichtend an der ringförmigen Stirnfläche der Dichtung 65 an und sorgt so für die gewünschte Abdichtung.These measures consist in an annular seal 65 which is fixed to the closure member 56 with sealing and which delimits the mouth 66 of the venting channel 57, wherein it simultaneously protrudes axially in the direction of the actuating piston 53. In the release position, the locking member 44 bears with its actuating piston 53 sealingly against the annular end face of the seal 65 and thus ensures the desired seal.

Die beschriebenen Komponenten der Endlagen-Verriegelungsmittel 42 können zusätzlich oder alternativ dem vorderen Zylinderdeckel 4b zugeordnet sein, um eine entsprechende lösbare Verriegelung in der vorderen Endlage zu ermöglichen.The described components of the end-position locking means 42 may additionally or alternatively be associated with the front cylinder cover 4b to allow a corresponding releasable locking in the front end position.

Abschließend sei auch noch erwähnt, dass der Arbeitszylinder zusätzlich mit Sensormitteln zur Positionserfassung des Verriegelungsgliedes 44 ausgestattet sein kann. Dadurch kann beispielsweise die korrekte Funktionsweise der Endlagen-Verriegelungsmittel 42 überwacht werden.Finally, it should also be mentioned that the working cylinder can be additionally equipped with sensor means for detecting the position of the locking member 44. This can For example, the correct operation of the end position locking means 42 are monitored.

Claims (14)

  1. Fluid-actuated operating cylinder, with a drive unit (13) capable of linear movement relative to a cylinder housing (2), which has a driving piston (6) dividing two operating chambers (12a, 12b) in the cylinder housing (2) from one another, and is movable between two end positions by means of controlled fluid pressurisation of at least one of the operating chambers (12a, 12b),
    - with damping means (23) which, at least in one of the two possible directions of travel (14a, 14b) of the drive unit (13), during a damping phase preceding the end position, reduce the flow rate of the fluid flowing out from the outflow-side operating chamber (12a, 12b),
    - and with end position locking means (42) which have at least one locking member (44) switchable, and in the locking position protruding into an additional chamber (24) adjacent to the outflow-side operating chamber (12a, 12b), at right-angles to the direction of travel of the drive unit (13) between a release position allowing linear movement of the drive unit (13) and a locking position blocking the linear movement of the drive unit (13) when located in an end position, and which is biased towards the locking position by spring means (58) and held in the release position by fluid force during the damping phase,
    wherein the fluid force applied during the damping phase to hold the release position of the locking member is applied at least partly by fluid branched-off from the outflow-side operating chamber (12a, 12b),
    characterised in that the fluid branched-off from the outflow-side operating chamber (12a, 12b) to hold the locking member (44) in the release position is fed to an actuating chamber (46) of the end position locking means (42) which is bounded by an actuating surface (63) formed on the locking member (44) and which communicates constantly with the outflow-side operating chamber (12a, 12b), independently of the additional chamber (24).
  2. Operating cylinder according to claim 1 characterised in that , in both directions of travel (14a, 14b) of the drive unit (13), the damping means (23) generate a damping phase preceding the respective end position.
  3. Operating cylinder according to claim 2, characterised in that the end position locking means (42) have locking members (44) assigned to both end positions of the drive unit (13) in such a way that the drive unit (13) mat be blocked releasably in both end positions.
  4. Operating cylinder according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the damping means (23) are so designed that they are effective in the relevant direction of travel (14a. 14b) when the drive unit (13) has reached a damping start position at the cylinder end position, wherein the drive unit (13), after reaching the damping start position and during the damping phase which is then started, separates the additional chamber (24), until then connected with the outflow-side operating chamber (12a, 12b) and adjacent to this operating chamber (12a, 12b), from the operating chamber (12a, 12b), so that the fluid displaced by the drive unit (13) from the outflow-side operating chamber (12a, 12b) during the damping phase is prevented from flowing out through the additional chamber (24) and is only able to flow out in a constricted manner through a bypass duct (35) which bypasses the additional chamber (24).
  5. Operating cylinder according to claim 4, characterised in that the additional chamber (24) and the end section of the bypass duct (35) opposite the operating chamber (12a, 12b) are connected to a common control passage (18a, 18b) serving for either the supply or removal of fluid.
  6. Operating cylinder according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that a constricting device (36), in particular adjustable in respect of the intensity of constriction provided, is interpolated in the course of the bypass duct (35).
  7. Operating cylinder according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that there is provided in the transition zone between the additional chamber (24) and the operating chamber (12a, 12b) assigned to it a seal ring (26), fixed to the housing, into which a piston-like closing member (37) of the drive unit (13) dips with sealing during the damping phase.
  8. Operating cylinder according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the locking member (44) extends for a greater or lesser distance into the additional chamber (24), depending on its position.
  9. Operating cylinder according to any of claims 4 to 8, characterised in that there is provided on the drive unit (13) at least one mating locking member (52), preferably with a locking recess (48) in the form of an annular slot concentric to the drive unit (13), which in the end position to be locked dips into the assigned additional chamber (24), so that the locking member (44) is able to make locking engagement with it.
  10. Operating cylinder according to any of claims 4 to 9, characterised in that the actuating surface (63) provided on the locking member (44) is connected via an actuating passage (62) with the outflow-side operating chamber (12a, 12b) and in this way is supplied with the fluid pressure prevailing in this operating chamber (12a, 12b), wherein it is so separated from the assigned additional chamber (24) that it is not connected with the additional chamber (24) during the damping phase.
  11. Operating cylinder according to claim 10, characterised in that the locking member (44) is plunger-like in form and passes with sealing through a through passage (45) connecting the actuating chamber (46) with the additional chamber (24).
  12. Operating cylinder according to claim 1, characterised in that the locking member (44) has an actuating piston (53), formed in particular by a head section of the plunger-like locking member and having the actuating surface (63), which is accommodated movably in a piston mounting location (54) on the side of the housing.
  13. Operating cylinder according to claim 12, characterised in that the actuating piston (53) is mounted without sealing in the piston mounting location (54) and is flanked on the side axially opposite the actuating chamber (46) by an external chamber (55) connected constantly with the atmosphere via one or more venting passages (57), wherein on the side of the external chamber (55) an annular seal (65) fixed to the housing extends axially against the actuating piston (53), encompassing the mouth (66) of the venting passage (57) communicating with the external chamber (55), and pressurised by the actuating piston (53) adopting the release position, so that the actuating chamber (46) is separated, fluid-tight, from the venting passage (57) despite the gap which exists between the actuating piston (53) and the peripheral wall of the piston mounting location (54).
  14. Operating cylinder according to claim 13, characterised in that the external chamber (55) is bounded axially outside by a closing member (56) through which the venting passage (57) passes, wherein a compression spring device (58a) forming the spring means (58) is provided between the closing member (56) and the locking member (44).
EP06021249A 2005-11-18 2006-10-10 Fluid pressure actuator with end of stroke locking means Expired - Fee Related EP1788257B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE200520018038 DE202005018038U1 (en) 2005-11-18 2005-11-18 Fluid operated cylinder with end position lock

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EP1788257A3 EP1788257A3 (en) 2009-09-02
EP1788257B1 true EP1788257B1 (en) 2012-03-21

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CN105102828A (en) * 2013-01-30 2015-11-25 梅西埃-道蒂公司 Locking mechanism for locking an actuator
DE102015214895A1 (en) 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Fluid actuated working cylinder

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US8261655B2 (en) 2006-07-28 2012-09-11 Norgren Gmbh Locking piston assembly
DE102009032077B4 (en) * 2009-07-07 2013-08-01 Airbus Operations Gmbh End position damped hydraulic actuator
CN102367821B (en) * 2011-10-19 2013-10-09 台州市黄岩西诺模具有限公司 Strong self-lock oil cylinder
DE102012013767A1 (en) * 2012-07-11 2014-01-16 Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh Wind energy plant with a pitch adjustment system
CN103899595B (en) * 2014-03-28 2016-03-09 哈尔滨工程大学 One can arbitrary position locking type hydraulic cylinder
CN105402203A (en) * 2015-12-07 2016-03-16 郑州宇通重工有限公司 Oil cylinder tail end automatic lockup valve and hydraulic oil cylinder with oil cylinder tail end automatic lockup valve
NO20180431A1 (en) * 2018-03-27 2019-09-30 Mhwirth As Fingerboard latch arrangement
IT201900006566A1 (en) * 2019-05-06 2020-11-06 Camozzi Automation S P A CYLINDER WITH ROD LOCK DEVICE
IT202100004592A1 (en) * 2021-02-26 2022-08-26 Camozzi Automation S P A CYLINDER WITH ROD LOCK DEVICE
CA3212573A1 (en) * 2021-03-23 2022-09-29 Prasanna V. Kulkarni Hydraulic cylinder snubbing retention arrangement
CN117345730B (en) * 2023-11-20 2024-03-19 江苏亚力亚气动液压成套设备有限公司 Double self-locking hydraulic cylinder

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CN105102828A (en) * 2013-01-30 2015-11-25 梅西埃-道蒂公司 Locking mechanism for locking an actuator
CN105102828B (en) * 2013-01-30 2018-01-05 赛峰起落架***加拿大公司 Lock the locking mechanism of driver
DE102015214895A1 (en) 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Fluid actuated working cylinder

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EP1788257A2 (en) 2007-05-23
EP1788257A3 (en) 2009-09-02
DE202005018038U1 (en) 2006-01-12

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