EP1765750A2 - Organic electroluminescent device - Google Patents
Organic electroluminescent deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP1765750A2 EP1765750A2 EP05773451A EP05773451A EP1765750A2 EP 1765750 A2 EP1765750 A2 EP 1765750A2 EP 05773451 A EP05773451 A EP 05773451A EP 05773451 A EP05773451 A EP 05773451A EP 1765750 A2 EP1765750 A2 EP 1765750A2
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- Prior art keywords
- aromatic
- formula
- organic
- atoms
- substituted
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/72—Spiro hydrocarbons
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/54—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/54—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings
- C07C13/547—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings at least one ring not being six-membered, the other rings being at the most six-membered
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/62—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with more than three condensed rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/10—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups
- C09B23/105—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups two >CH- groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B5/00—Dyes with an anthracene nucleus condensed with one or more heterocyclic rings with or without carbocyclic rings
- C09B5/62—Cyclic imides or amidines of peri-dicarboxylic acids of the anthracene, benzanthrene, or perylene series
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
- C09B69/109—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing other specific dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
- C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
- C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
- C07C2603/06—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members
- C07C2603/10—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings
- C07C2603/12—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings only one five-membered ring
- C07C2603/18—Fluorenes; Hydrogenated fluorenes
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1011—Condensed systems
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/917—Electroluminescent
Definitions
- anthracene derivatives which are suitable as host materials are described in WO 01/076323, in WO 01/021729, in WO 04/013073, in WO 04/018588, in WO 03/087023 or in WO 04/018587 , Host materials based on aryl-substituted pyrenes and chrysenes are described in WO 04/016575, which in principle also includes corresponding anthracene and phenanthrene derivatives. Although good results have been achieved with these compounds, it is necessary for high quality applications to have improved host materials available.
- CBP 4,4'-BiS- (N-carbazolyl) biphenyl
- the shortcomings include short lifetimes of the devices manufactured with them and often high Operating voltages that lead to low power efficiencies.
- CBP has a not sufficiently high glass transition temperature.
- the structure of the devices is complex when CBP is used as the matrix material, since in addition a hole blocking layer and an electron transport layer must be used.
- Improved triplet matrix materials based on keto compounds of spirobifluorene are described in WO 04/093207. For the best of the matrix materials described therein, however, toxic inorganic cyanides are needed in the synthesis, so that the production of these materials is ecologically questionable.
- AlQ 3 aluminum tris-hydroxyquinolinate
- US 4539507 As an electron transport compound in organic electroluminescent devices mostly AlQ 3 (aluminum tris-hydroxyquinolinate) is used (US 4539507). This has several disadvantages: it can not be vapor-deposited without leaving any residue, since it partially decomposes at the sublimation temperature, which is a major problem, especially for production plants. Another crucial practical disadvantage is the strong hygroscopicity of AlQ 3 , as well as the low electron mobility, which leads to higher voltages and thus lower power efficiency. To avoid short circuits in the display, one would like to increase the layer thickness; this is not possible with AIQ 3 because of the low charge carrier mobility and the resulting increase in voltage.
- Truxen derivatives for organic electronic devices is known in the literature (JP 2003/261473). However, these are less suitable because of their lower glass transition temperature. Furthermore, a later publication also describes the use of spirotruxene and an arylamino-substituted spirotruxene in organic light emitting diodes (Kimura, M., et al., J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 2393-2398).
- the invention provides compounds according to formula (1) and formula (2),
- Formula (1) where the symbols and indices used are:
- X is the same or different CR or N at each occurrence
- R ⁇ is identical or different at each occurrence, H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C-atoms.
- the invention further provides the compounds spirotruxene according to formula (1a) and spiroisotruxene according to formula (2a) and their derivatives and salts:
- An aromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 6 to 80 carbon atoms in the ring system.
- a heteroaromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 2 to 80 C atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of the C atoms and heteroatoms in the ring system gives at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and / or S. These ring systems may be substituted with one or more non-aromatic radicals R.
- an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system is to be understood as meaning a system which does not necessarily contain only aryl or heteroaryl groups, but in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups are also replaced by a short, nonaromatic unit (preferably less than 10% of the total) atoms other than H, more preferably less than 5% of the atoms other than H), such as.
- a short, nonaromatic unit preferably less than 10% of the total
- atoms other than H more preferably less than 5% of the atoms other than H
- an sp 3 -hybridized C, N or O atom may be interrupted.
- several aryl or heteroaryl groups may be interrupted by vinyl groups or acetylene groups.
- several aryl or heteroaryl groups may be interrupted by carbonyl groups, phosphine oxide groups, etc.
- systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diaryl fluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, benzophenone, stilbene, tolane, etc. are to be understood as aromatic ring systems in the context of this invention.
- aromatic or heteroaromatic Ring system or a part thereof also be a condensed group as defined below.
- a fused aryl group is understood as meaning a ring system having 10 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, a fused heteroaryl group having a ring system having 9 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, in which at least two aromatic or heteroaromatic rings are fused together, ie by annulation to one another
- These ring systems may be substituted or unsubstituted by one or more nonaromatic radicals R.
- fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems are naphthalene, benzothiophene, quinoline, isoquinoline, Quinoxaline, anthracene, acridine, phenanthrene, phenanthroline, pyrene, naphthacene, perylene, chrysene, etc., while, for example, biphenyl does not represent a fused aryl group, since there is no common edge between the two ring systems Spirobifluorene do not represent a fused aromatic ring system in the sense of this invention, since the two phenyl units do not form a common aromatic electron system there.
- a C r to C 4 o-alkyl group in which also individual H atoms or CH 2 groups can be substituted by the abovementioned groups particularly preferably the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, Cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexen
- a C 1 - to C 40 -alkoxy group is particularly preferably understood as meaning methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy or 2-methylbutoxy.
- aromatic ring system having 6 to 80 carbon atoms or heteroaromatic ring system having 2 to 80 carbon atoms which may be substituted in each case with the abovementioned non-aromatic radicals R and which may be linked via any position on the aromatic or heteroaromatic in particular groups are understood which are derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenyls, fluorene, spirobifluorene, Truxen, isotruxene, spirotruxene, Spiroisotruxene, diphenyl ether, triphenylamine, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, ice or trans inden
- the compounds of the formula (1) or formula (2) preferably form glassy films having a glass transition temperature T 9 of greater than 100 ° C., particularly preferably greater than 130 ° C.
- the molecular weight of the compounds according to formula (1) or formula (2), if this is to be applied by a vapor deposition process, is preferably less than 5000 g / mol, more preferably less than 2000 g / mol. It is preferably a compound of defined constitution, which may also be a mixture of different configuration isomers. If the connection is to be applied by a printing process or from solution, this restriction does not apply.
- radicals R can form a ring system with one another and / or that several radicals R 1 can form a ring system with one another. It is preferred if several radicals R 1 together form a ring system.
- At most one symbol X in each cycle stands for N and the other symbols X in the same cycle stand for CR.
- the symbol X stands for CR.
- all radicals R 1 are aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems, preferably having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, more preferably having 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms. These may each be substituted by R or unsubstituted. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, each time R 1 is identical or different, it is a phenyl group which is substituted by R or unsubstituted.
- radicals R 1 which are bonded to the same carbon atom, each represent a phenyl group substituted by R or unsubstituted and together form a ring system.
- all radicals R 1 are a phenyl radical substituted or unsubstituted by R and together form a ring system.
- the substituents are preferably bonded in the positions 2, 7 and / or 12 on the truxene or isotruxene skeleton and / or in the positions 2 ', T, 2 ", 7", 2 '"and / or T" of the spiro half of the molecule.
- Truxene or Spirotruxenderivate according to the formulas (1) and (3).
- symmetrically substituted compounds in particular compounds having a threefold axis of rotation.
- Preferred radicals R when present, are the same or different at each occurrence, F, a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy chain having 1 to 10 C atoms or a branched alkyl or alkoxy chain having 3 to 10 C atoms, each substituted by R 3 in which also one or more non-adjacent C atoms can be replaced by NR 3 , O, S, -CR 3 CRCR 3 - or -G ⁇ C- and in which also one or more H atoms are replaced by F or CN, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having from 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more non-aromatic radicals R, or a combination of two or three of these systems; two or more radicals R may also be a mono- or polycyclic, form aliphatic or aromatic ring system.
- radicals R depends on the desired function of the compound according to the invention.
- Preferred functions of the compounds according to the invention are as host material for fluorescent or phosphorescent emitters, as a fluorescent dopant, as an electron transport material, as a hole blocking material or as a hole transport material.
- At least one R and / or R 1 in a preferred embodiment contains at least one aromatic ring system, in particular having at least one fused aryl or heteroaryl group which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- the condensed aryl or heteroaryl group is preferably bonded directly to the Truxene or Isotruxen skeleton or to the peripheral half of the spiro system of the spirotruxene or spiroisotruxene skeleton. It may be preferred if further aromatic radicals are bonded to the fused aryl or heteroaryl group.
- the fused aryl or heteroaryl group may contain two, three, four or five aromatic or heteroaromatic units which are each fused to each other via one or more common edges and thereby form a common aromatic system and which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- the fused aryl or heteroaryl group contains three or four aromatic or heteroaromatic units, which are each fused to each other via one or more common edges and thereby a form a common aromatic system and which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- the fused aromatic and heteroaromatic units are selected from benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine, which may be substituted or unsubstituted, in particular benzene and pyridine.
- the fused aryl or heteroaryl groups are more preferably selected from the group consisting of naphthalene, anthracene, acridine, phenanthrene, phenanthroline, pyrene, naphthacene, chrysene, pentacene and perylene, which may be optionally substituted.
- the fused aromatic ring systems are selected from the group consisting of anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene or naphthacene, in particular anthracene, phenanthrene or pyrene, which may be optionally substituted.
- the linking of the truxene or isotruxene on the anthracene preferably takes place via the 1- or the 9-position, in particular via the 9-position.
- the 10-position is particularly preferably further substituted by an aromatic substituent or by another Truxene or Isotruxen unit.
- the linking of the Truxens or isotruxene at the pyrene preferably takes place via the 1- or the 2-position.
- the linking of the truxene or isotruxene to the pyrene is preferably carried out via the 1, 6, 1, 8, 1, 3 or 2,7-position, if two truxene or isotruxene groups are present, especially preferably via the 1, 6 or via the 2,7-position.
- Truxens or Isotruxens at Pyrene preferably takes place via the 1, 3,6,8-position, if four Truxen- or Isotruxen phenomenon are present.
- the pyrene may also be substituted by further, preferably aromatic, substituents.
- the linking of the Truxens or isotruxene on phenanthrene preferably takes place via the 2-, the 3- or the 9-position, if only one Truxen or Isotruxen group is present.
- the linkage on phenanthrene is preferably via the 2,7-, 3,6 ⁇ , 2,9-, 2,10- or 9,10-position, if two Truxen- or Isotruxen- groups are present, especially preferably via the 2,7- or the 3,6-position.
- the phenanthrene may also be substituted by further, preferably aromatic, substituents.
- the linkage of the Truxens or isotruxene to the perylene is preferably via the 3-position, if only one such group is present.
- the linkage to the perylene is preferably via the 3,4-, the 3,9- or the 3,10-position, if two Truxen- or isotruxene groups are present, particularly preferably via the 3,9- or via the 3 , 10-position.
- the linkage at the perylene is preferably via the 3,4,9,10-position, if four four Truxen- or isotruxene groups are present.
- the perylene may also be substituted by further, preferably aromatic substituents. For the sake of clarity, the numbering of anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and perylene is shown below:
- At least one substituent R is present which contains at least one carbonyl group, a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a thio group, a sulfoxide or a sulfone, which particularly preferably directly to the Truxen- or isotruxene backbone or also to the spiro half of Spirotruxens or Spiroisotruxens is bound.
- At least one of the substituents R or R 1 is at least one of the substituents R or R 1 , preferably R, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole radical.
- R or R 1 is at least one arylamino unit, a diarylamine unit, a carbazole unit, a triarylamine unit , a diarylphosphino unit, a triarylphosphino unit and / or at least one thiophene derivative.
- At least one substituent R contains at least one diarylamine unit, preferably bonded directly to the truxene or isotruxene base body, or a triarylamine unit, preferably bonded directly to the truxene or isotruxene base body.
- substituents are here diphenylamine, carbazole, bis (para-tolyl) amine, bis (para-fluorophenyl) amine, triphenylamine, ⁇ - or ß-naphthylphenylamine, ⁇ - or ß-naphthyldiphenylamine or ⁇ - or ß-dinaphthylamine, which in each case may be substituted by one or more non-aromatic radicals R.
- At least one substituent R and / or R 1 contains at least one electron-deficient heteroaryl group, more preferably selected from pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, oxazole and oxadiazole.
- At least one substituent R contains a carbonyl group, a phosphine oxide group, a sulfoxide group and / or a sulfone group, which particularly preferably directly to the Truxen- or Isotruxen backbone or to the spiro half of Spirotruxens or Spiroisotruxens is bound.
- at least one substituent R and / or R 1 contains at least one substituted or unsubstituted oligophenylene group, preferably bonded directly to the Truxen- or Isotruxen- backbone or to the spiro half of Spirotruxens or Spiroisotruxens.
- the oligophenylene group preferably contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 benzene units, more preferably 1 or 2 benzene units.
- At least one substituent R and / or R 1 contains at least one vinylaryl moiety, one stilbene moiety, and / or at least one tolan moiety, more preferably at least one Stilbenech, where a part of the stilbene unit can also form the Truxen skeleton.
- the substituent R contains, in addition to the vinylaryl unit, at least one triarylamine unit.
- Examples of compounds according to the invention of formula (1) to formula (4) are the structures (1) to (70) shown below. Which of the depicted compounds is particularly suitable for fluorescent devices and which is suitable for phosphorescent devices, or which is also suitable for other uses, can be taken from the above description.
- spirotruxene from truxenone can be synthesized by reaction with an optionally substituted 2-lithium biphenyl derivative or a corresponding Grignard compound and subsequent acid ring closure.
- the functionalization of the compounds is possible, for example, by Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
- a functionalization of the Truxen backbone is further possible by halogenation in 2-, 7- and / or 12-position, z. B. by bromination with NBS or elemental bromine.
- the halogenated compound offers many other functionalization options, for example Arylation by reaction with an arylboronic acid derivative according to Suzuki, amination by reaction with an arylamine according to Hartwig-Buchwald, etc.
- the halogeno group can be exchanged for an aldehyde group which can be converted into an alkene in a Wittig-Horner reaction.
- the direct introduction of an aldehyde group is also possible in a Dahlsmeyer reaction.
- the halogen functionality can be further lithiated or converted to the Grignard compound. From this, for example, phosphine or phosphine oxide derivatives are accessible by reaction with a correspondingly substituted phosphine chloride.
- the direct reaction of Truxen or spirotruxene with, for example, an acid chloride according to Friedel-Crafts to the corresponding ketone is possible. Numerous other standard reactions for the functionalization of truxene and isotruxene and the corresponding spiro compounds are available to the person skilled in the art of organic chemistry.
- Another object of the invention are oligomers, polymers or dendrimers containing units of formula (1) or formula (2) or corresponding spiro units according to formula (3) or formula (4) as repeating units. These units can be copolymerized, for example, via halogen functionalities, such as structures (19) - (24) shown above.
- the polymers may be conjugated, partially conjugated or non-conjugated polymers.
- the units according to formula (1) to formula (4) can be bound in the main chain and / or in the side chain of the polymer.
- Polymers used in organic electronic devices are mostly conjugated or partially conjugated polymers. In general, these polymers are synthesized by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, in particular Suzuki coupling between an aromatic halide and an aromatic boronic acid or an aromatic boronic acid derivative, for example according to WO 03/048225.
- conjugated or partially conjugated polymers containing the units of formula (1) to formula (4) in the main chain or side chain, preferably bound in the main chain of the polymer.
- branched polymers or dendrimers in which at least one unit of formula (1) to formula (4) represents a branch point.
- the moiety according to formula (1) to formula (4) represents the center of a dendrimer.
- the polymer contains further repeat units and is thus a copolymer.
- Preferred further repeat units are selected from fluorenes (eg according to EP 842208 or WO 00/22026), spirobifluorenes (eg according to EP 707020, EP 894107 or EP 04028865.6), phenylenes (eg according to WO 92/18552 ), Carbazoles (eg according to WO 04/070772 and WO 04/113468), thiophenes (eg according to EP 1028136), dihydrophenanthrenes (eg according to WO 05/014689), indenofluorenes (e.g.
- Phosphorescent metal complexes may also be repeating units of the polymer (for example according to WO 02/068435 or according to the unpublished application DE 102004032527.8). Further preferred repeat units are selected from hole transport units, electron transport units and emitting units, as known to those skilled in the art of light emitting polymers.
- the invention furthermore relates to the use of compounds of the formula (1) and (2) or the corresponding spiro compounds of the formula (3) and formula (4) or of the corresponding oligomers, polymers or dendrimers according to the invention in organic electronic devices.
- the invention furthermore relates to organic electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising at least one organic layer which comprises at least one compound of the formula (1) and / or formula (2) or a spiro compound of the formula (3) and / or formula ( 4) or an inventive oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, which contains at least one repeat unit of formula (1) to formula (4).
- organic electroluminescent devices comprising at least one organic layer which comprises at least one compound of the formula (1) and / or formula (2) or a spiro compound of the formula (3) and / or formula ( 4) or an inventive oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, which contains at least one repeat unit of formula (1) to formula (4).
- the organic electronic device is preferably selected from the group consisting of organic or polymeric light-emitting diodes (OLEDs, PLEDs) organic field-effect transistors (O-FETs), organic thin-film transistors (O-TFTs), organic light-emitting transistors (O-LETs), organic integrated circuits (O-ICs), organic solar cells (O-SCs), organic field quench devices (O-FQDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (O-LECs) or organic laser diodes (O-lasers). Particularly preferred are organic or polymeric light-emitting diodes.
- OLEDs, PLEDs organic field-effect transistors
- O-TFTs organic thin-film transistors
- O-LETs organic light-emitting transistors
- O-ICs organic integrated circuits
- O-ICs organic solar cells
- O-FQDs organic field quench devices
- O-LECs organic laser diodes
- Particularly preferred are organic or polymeric light-emitting di
- the organic electronic device usually contains an anode, a cathode and at least one organic layer containing at least one compound according to formula (1) or formula (2).
- at least one of the organic layers is an emission layer.
- the emission can be fluorescence or phosphorescence, or several different emitters can also be present in one or more layers, with one part of the emitter showing fluorescence and another part of the emitter showing phosphorescence.
- the organic electronic device contains other layers besides the anode, cathode and the emission layer. These may be, for example: hole injection layer, hole transport layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer and / or electron injection layer. However, it should be noted at this point that not necessarily each of these layers must be present.
- the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) is used in an emission layer. It can be used as a pure substance, but is preferably used as a host material in combination with a fluorescent or phosphorescent dopant. Which substituents on the compounds according to the invention are particularly preferred for these functions has already been described in detail above. For this purpose, in principle, all fluorescent or phosphorescent dopants come into question, as described in the literature and explained in more detail below.
- the dopant is preferably selected from the class of monostyrylamines, distyrylamines, tristyrylamines, tetrastyrylamines and arylamines.
- a monostyrylamine is meant a compound containing a styryl group and at least one amine, which is preferably aromatic.
- a distyrylamine is meant a compound containing two styryl groups and at least one amine, which is preferably aromatic.
- a tristyrylamine is understood as meaning a compound which contains three styryl groups and at least one amine, which is preferably aromatic.
- a tetrastyrylamine is meant a compound containing four styryl groups and at least one amine, which is preferably aromatic.
- An arylamine or an aromatic amine in the context of this invention is understood as meaning a compound which contains three aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems bonded directly to the nitrogen.
- the styryl groups are particularly preferred stilbenes, which also participate in the double bond or may be further substituted on the aromatic. Examples of such dopants are substituted or unsubstituted tristilbenamines or further dopants, which are described, for example, in the unpublished patent applications DE 102004031000.9, EP 04028407.7 and EP 05001891.0.
- the proportion of the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) as host in the fluorescent mixture of the emission layer is usually between 1 and 99.9% by weight, preferably between 50 and 99.5% by weight, particularly preferably between 80 and 99% by weight .%, In particular between 90 and 99 wt.%. Accordingly, the proportion of the fluorescent dopant is between 0.1 and 99% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 50% by weight, more preferably between 1 and 20% by weight, in particular between 1 and 10% by weight.
- the dopant is preferably selected from the class of the metal complexes containing at least one element of atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, more preferably greater than 56 and less than 80.
- the phosphorescence emitter used is metal complexes comprising molybdenum, tungsten, Rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium, in particular iridium or platinum.
- the ligands on the metal are preferably monoanionic, bidentate chelating ligands.
- Particularly suitable for this purpose are ligands which form a metal-carbon bond and furthermore a coordinative bond of a donor atom, in particular nitrogen, oxygen or phosphorus, to the metal.
- the metal complex contains at least one such ligand, more preferably at least two such ligands.
- the formation of a metal-carbon and a metal-nitrogen bond is preferred.
- both coordinating groups can be cyclic, for example phenylpyridine or derivatives thereof, or they can also be acyclic, for example ligands which bind via pyridine and a vinyl C atom.
- the complex contains only bidentate chelating ligands which form a metal-carbon bond.
- Preferred phosphorescent OLEDs comprise as phosphorescent emitter at least one compound of the formula (A) to (D) Formula (A) Formula (B)
- DCy is the same or different at each instance and is a cyclic group containing at least one donor atom, preferably nitrogen or phosphorus, via which the cyclic group is bonded to the metal and which in turn may carry one or more substituents R; the groups DCy and CCy are linked by at least one covalent bond;
- CCy is the same or different at each instance and is a cyclic group containing a carbon atom through which the cyclic group is bonded to the metal and which in turn may carry one or more substituents R;
- A is the same or different at each occurrence as a monoanionic, bidentate chelating ligand, preferably a diketonate ligand;
- R has the same meaning as stated above.
- the cyclic groups CCy and DCy may be monocyclic or polycyclic and are preferably aromatic or heteroaromatic. Furthermore, several of the ligands can be linked via one or more substituents R as a bridging unit to a larger polypodal ligand, and / or there may be a bridge between CCy and DCy in addition to the direct covalent bond.
- phosphorescent emitters can be found in the applications WO 00/70655, WO 01/41512, WO 02/02714, WO 02/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 04/081017 and the unpublished applications DE 10345572.8, EP 04029182.5 and EP 05002237.5 are taken.
- the proportion of the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) as host in the phosphorescent mixture is usually between 1 and 99.9% by weight, preferably between 50 and 99.5% by weight, particularly preferably between 70 and 99% by weight, in particular between 80 and 95% by weight. Accordingly, the proportion of the phosphorescent dopant is between 0.1 and 99% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 50% by weight, more preferably between 1 and 30% by weight, in particular between 5 and 20% by weight.
- organic electroluminescent devices characterized in that a plurality of emitting compounds are used in the same layer or more emitting layers are present, wherein at least one of the emitting layers contains at least one compound according to formula (1) or formula (2).
- This device particularly preferably has a plurality of emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, so that overall white emission results.
- the emitting compounds both those that show fluorescence, as well as those that show phosphorescence can be used.
- the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) as electron transport material as pure substance or in a mixture, preferably as pure substance, in an electron transport layer in an organic electronic device, in particular in a fluorescent or phosphorescent organic Electroluminescent device used.
- the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) is used as hole blocking material as pure substance or in a mixture, preferably as pure substance, in a hole blocking layer, in particular in a phosphorescent organic electroluminescent device.
- the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) as hole transport material as pure substance or in a mixture, preferably as pure substance, in a hole transport layer or in a hole injection layer in an organic electronic device, in particular in a fluorescent or phosphorescent organic electroluminescent device used.
- the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) contains one or more diarylamine groups, carbazole groups or triarylamine groups.
- the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) is used as a fluorescent dopant, preferably in combination with a host material, in an emission layer in a fluorescent organic electroluminescent device.
- Suitable host materials are then the compounds usually used as host materials, preferably selected from the classes of oligo-arylenes (eg 2,2 ', 7,7'-tetraphenyl-spirobifluorene according to EP 676461 or dinaphthylanthracene) in particular the oligo-arylenes containing condensed aromatic groups, the oligo-arylenevinylenes (eg DPVBi or spiro-DPVBi according to EP 676461), the polypodal metal complexes (eg according to WO 04/081017), the hole-conducting compounds (e.g.
- Such inventive host materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes containing naphthalene, anthracene and / or pyrene, the oligo-arylenevinylenes, the ketones, the phosphine oxides and the sulfoxides.
- Very particularly preferred host materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes containing anthracene and / or pyrene, the phosphine oxides and the sulfoxides.
- the proportion of the compound according to formula (1) or formula (2) as dopant in the mixture is preferably as described above for dopants in fluorescent organic electroluminescent devices.
- compounds of the formula (1) or formula (2) are used simultaneously in several layers and / or functions.
- they can be used simultaneously in one or more emission layers as well as in one or more electron transport layers and / or hole blocking layers and / or hole transport layers.
- These may be the same or different compounds of formula (1) or formula (2) in the different layers.
- an organic electronic device characterized in that one or more layers are coated with a sublimation process.
- the materials are vacuum deposited in vacuum sublimation at a pressure of less than 10 '5 mbar, preferably less than 10 "6 mbar, more preferably less than 10 " 7 mbar.
- an organic electronic device characterized in that one or more layers are coated with the OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) method or with the aid of a carrier gas sublimation.
- the materials are usually applied at a pressure between 10 '5 mbar and 1 bar.
- an organic electronic device characterized in that one or more layers of solution, such. B. by spin coating, or with any printing process, such.
- any printing process such.
- screen printing flexographic printing or offset printing, but particularly preferably LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing) or inkjet printing (ink jet printing), are produced.
- LITI Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing
- inkjet printing ink jet printing
- the materials have a high glass transition temperature, making them well suited for use in organic electronic devices.
- the compounds of the invention are readily soluble, which is a necessary requirement for the purification and especially for the application from solution.
- the compounds of the invention have a high symmetry. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, we suspect that high symmetry is necessary for good electronic properties.
- the starting materials for the subsequent syntheses were obtained from Aldrich (4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride) or from Lancaster (Truxenon, 2-bromobiphenyl) or from Fluka (AICI 3 ).
- the IR spectra were measured with Perkin-Elmer 298 and Shimadzu 470, the NMR spectra with Bruker AC 200.
- the aqueous phase is extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (3 ⁇ 15 ml) and the organic phases are dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After removal of the solvent, a reddish liquid is obtained, which is a mixture of several isomers.
- the liquid is dissolved in 10 ml of glacial acetic acid and heated under reflux, then a few drops of concentrated HCl are added and heated for a further minute under reflux. Water is added until turbidity forms, then the mixture is cooled to room temperature and filtered.
- the acidic aqueous phase is extracted with CH 2 Cb and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator.
- a beige solid (850 mg, 78%) is obtained which is insoluble in most common organic solvents.
- the NMR spectrum of the compound in DMSO shows that they are spirotruxes.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT000352A ITRM20040352A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | OLIGOMERIC DERIVATIVES OF SPIROBIFLUORENE, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE. |
PCT/EP2005/007745 WO2006005626A2 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | Organic electroluminescent device |
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EP1765750A2 true EP1765750A2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
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EP05773451A Withdrawn EP1765750A2 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | Organic electroluminescent device |
EP05763646.6A Active EP1765756B1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | Oligomeric derivatives of spirobifluorene, their preparation and use |
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EP05763646.6A Active EP1765756B1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | Oligomeric derivatives of spirobifluorene, their preparation and use |
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EP (2) | EP1765750A2 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2008506658A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070038110A (en) |
CN (2) | CN101076508B (en) |
IT (1) | ITRM20040352A1 (en) |
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WO2006005626A2 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
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EP1765756A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
KR20070038110A (en) | 2007-04-09 |
EP1765756B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
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