EP1746381B1 - Device and method for protection against missiles and use of a laser device - Google Patents

Device and method for protection against missiles and use of a laser device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1746381B1
EP1746381B1 EP06116303A EP06116303A EP1746381B1 EP 1746381 B1 EP1746381 B1 EP 1746381B1 EP 06116303 A EP06116303 A EP 06116303A EP 06116303 A EP06116303 A EP 06116303A EP 1746381 B1 EP1746381 B1 EP 1746381B1
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Prior art keywords
plasma
laser device
laser
defensive
air
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EP06116303A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1746381A1 (en
EP1746381B8 (en
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Willy Bohn
Hans-Albert Eckel
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a defense device against missiles with on electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, responsive target detection.
  • the invention further relates to a method for defense against missiles, which have a responsive to electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, target detection.
  • Missiles such as missile-equipped missiles or smart ammunition, may include target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation, and particularly infrared radiation, and may thereby find their target, such as an aircraft.
  • the infrared radiation to which the target detection responds for example, delivered by engines of the aircraft.
  • a method of deflecting a projectile from an initial trajectory wherein the projectile has a first surface area and a second surface area and moves through a gaseous atmosphere with surrounding plasma sheath.
  • Electromagnetic radiation is directed to the projectile, with the electromagnetic radiation having a frequency that passes through the plasma sheath is absorbed to a significant degree but is not absorbed by the gaseous atmosphere.
  • From the DE 41 07 533 A1 is a method for protecting aircraft from missiles with UV homing heads known in which the aircraft are at least temporarily provided with a UV-emitting radiation source.
  • From the EP 0 240 819 A2 is a method for deflecting guided by radar and / or infrared radiation missiles are known, are ignited in or before the target area of the missile-generating projectile throwing body.
  • a laser is known, in particular, for projectile and / or target tracking and for illumination purposes, in which a pyrotechnic flare is provided as a pump light source.
  • the WO 2005/026650 A2 discloses a missile defense device having target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation, particularly infrared radiation, in which a plasma cloud is generated locally in air.
  • a plasma generating device which has a laser device, wherein by means of the laser device in air at a distance from the plasma generating means one or more plasma clouds can be generated.
  • a plasma can be generated locally if the plasma breakthrough threshold of air is exceeded, that is, if at a location in the air so high field strengths prevail that the plasma breakthrough takes place.
  • the plasma formation is accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic waves.
  • the plasma recombination leads to radiation, inter alia in the infrared range.
  • the missile with target detection which responds to electromagnetic waves, can respond to the radiation and the target detection, the missile is directed in the direction of the location of the plasma formation. In turn, it can be distracted by an object to be protected, such as an airplane.
  • the plasma formation in air can be a target deception in the target detection of the missile perform. This allows, for example, to protect flying objects such as airplanes or even room areas around an airport.
  • the missiles with electro-optical target detection are defined "targets" provided to secure objects to be protected.
  • plasmas in air can be laser-induced.
  • Ultrashort light pulses enable the plasma breakthrough threshold in air to be achieved. Due to the non-linear propagation of ultrashort light pulses in the atmosphere, the induced Kerr effect leads to a self-focusing of a laser beam. For this self-focusing no telescope is necessary, but it suffices a "normal" optics. It is thereby possible to position the corresponding laser device at a large distance (which may be 10 km or more) from the location of the plasma breakdown, that is, the plasma breakdown can be effected at a great distance to the laser device by the self-focusing.
  • one or more plasma clouds can be generated in air by plasma breakthrough by the plasma generating device comprising a laser device.
  • These generated plasma clouds are accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation, to which the target detection of a missile can react.
  • the plasma formation has a defocusing effect on the laser beam.
  • a self-focusing can take place. It can then form a series of plasma clouds. It can also occur a filamentation, in which a plasma breakthrough takes place in filaments between plasma clouds.
  • the plasma generating device comprises at least one laser device, by means of which light pulses can be emitted.
  • a high intensity (field strength) can be achieved, which can lead to the plasma breakthrough.
  • light pulses can be controlled with respect to their pulse shaping in such a way that the plasma breakdown takes place at a distance from the laser device.
  • light pulses in the subpicosecond range can be emitted by the at least one laser device and can be emitted, in particular in the femtosecond range.
  • Self-focusing in air occurs due to the induced Kerr effect in such short light pulses, and a high field strength can be achieved, which can lead to plasma breakthrough. There is no need for a telescope to focus on the location of the plasma breakthrough.
  • a self-focusing of the laser emission takes place in air. Due to the non-linear propagation of ultrashort light pulses during passage through the atmosphere it comes to the induced Kerr effect. This in turn leads to a self-focusing of the laser emission, without a telescope for focusing is necessary.
  • the plasma breakthrough may occur.
  • the plasma in turn leads to a defocusing of the laser beam.
  • the light can spread further and then again a self-focusing can occur.
  • a series of plasma clouds plasma clouds (plasma spheres) can be formed until the energy of the propagating light is no longer sufficient to produce a plasma breakthrough. At least the location of the first plasma breakthrough is approximately adjustable. It may also happen that form filaments (which have a diameter in the order of 100 microns). These form in particular along the laser beam between plasma clouds.
  • the laser device is operated by the method of Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA).
  • CPA Chirped Pulse Amplification
  • a short pulse is stretched to lower the peak power.
  • the stretched pulse is amplified and the stretch is reversed by a compressor.
  • the stretching and compression can be done for example via optical gratings. It is possible to set the location of a self-focusing at a distance from the laser device. This can be done by phasing especially on the compressor.
  • the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the laser device is different (it is for example at higher wavelengths) to the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation to which the target detection responds.
  • the target illusion occurs via the radiation as accompanying process of the plasma formation.
  • a laser device can be targeted plasma clouds set, which are accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the target detection of a missile can respond.
  • the plasma also UV-light is radiated, so that a "deception" of UV-sensors is possible in principle.
  • the laser device for generating light pulses operates in a single-mode mode or in a repetition mode in which a pulse train with a plurality of pulses (two pulses, three pulses or more) with a short distance, for example may be of the order of 100 ⁇ s. Operation in the repetition mode may facilitate the plasma breakthrough in the atmosphere.
  • the location of the plasma generation is at least approximately adjustable.
  • the distance of the location of the plasma generation from a laser device is adjustable.
  • the location of the plasma generation in the room can then be set at least approximately, and this in turn can protect a certain area of space.
  • the defense device is stationarily positioned.
  • it is arranged on the ground. It can serve to protect an airport.
  • a mobile positioning for example, a mobile object (on which the positioning is provided) can be protected like a flying object.
  • Mobile positioning for example on the ground, is also possible in order to be able to vary a spatial region in which plasma clouds are generated.
  • the defense device is arranged on a flying object such as an aircraft (outside or inside the flying object) in order to be able to protect it against attacking missiles.
  • the invention further relates to a method for defense against missiles, which have a responsive to electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, target detection, which is carried out in a simple manner.
  • This object is achieved in that one or more plasma clouds are generated in air by means of a laser device, wherein the plasma cloud or plasma clouds spaced from the laser device are generated.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the defense device according to the invention.
  • the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are generated at a distance from a plasma generating device.
  • effective protection against missiles can be achieved.
  • the plasma generation is performed at a distance of at least 50 m to the plasma generating device.
  • an appropriate area and also the plasma generating device itself can be effectively protected.
  • the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are formed in a region in which a self-focusing of the light pulses takes place.
  • Such self-focusing can be achieved for subpicosecond light pulses due to their non-linear propagation in the atmosphere. Due to the self-focusing, no telescope or the like is needed to achieve a plasma breakthrough in the atmosphere at a distance from the plasma generating device.
  • subpicosecond light pulses are emitted by the plasma generating device, which lead to plasma formation in air.
  • Subpicosecond light pulses can achieve field strengths that lead to plasma breakthrough in air.
  • the subpicosecond light pulses are generated by a laser device.
  • light pulses can be generated with such a high intensity that plasma breakdown occurs in the atmosphere.
  • the location of the plasma breakthrough can be set at least approximately.
  • phase adjustment is performed in the laser device that a plasma breakthrough takes place in the air at a predetermined distance from the laser device.
  • phase adjustment in the laser device for example on a compressor of a pulse shaping device
  • different transit times of light of different wavelengths can be used to achieve self-focusing at a specific distance from the laser device.
  • the laser device is operated according to the method of chirped pulse amplification.
  • a laser device with a subpicosecond laser for plasma generation in air is used for defense against missiles with target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a defense device according to the invention is in FIG. 1 shown and designated there with 10. It serves as a defense against Missiles 12 such as missiles (with warhead) or smart ammunition, which has a target detection means 14 which responds to electromagnetic radiation.
  • a target detection device 14 includes, for example, one or more optoelectronic sensors which detect electromagnetic radiation, such as infrared radiation.
  • the trajectory of the missile 12 is controlled during flight via the target detector 14 so that it follows the source of electromagnetic radiation.
  • a source of infrared radiation is an aircraft engine.
  • the defense device 10 comprises a plasma generation device 16 with a laser device 18.
  • the laser device 18 is an ultrashort pulse laser device; They emit light pulses in the subpicosecond range and in particular in the femtosecond range.
  • the laser device 18 comprises an oscillator 20 and a pulse shaping device 22.
  • the plasma breakthrough can be generated for example at a distance of about 10 m to a distance of several kilometers. This area is adjustable.
  • a plasma cloud (plasma ball) is formed.
  • the plasma has a defocusing effect on the light.
  • the further light propagation of the self-focusing effect can be effective again and at a distance to the first formed plasma cloud may form another plasma cloud, etc. It may be a series of Plasma clouds form, until the intensity of the propagating light pulse is no longer sufficient to exceed the plasma breakthrough threshold in air.
  • the target detection device 14 of the missile 12 can respond to these electromagnetic radiation; the radiation emission of the plasma cloud 30 (in particular of the collapsing plasma) simulates the presence of a radiating object to the target detection device 14 of the missile 12 and the missile 12 is guided by the target detection device 14 to the plasma cloud 30. It is done via the through the plasma generating device 16 generated plasma cloud 30 a target deception for the missile 12th
  • the wavelength range of the light pulses emitted by the laser device 18 may be outside the wavelength range to which the target detection device 14 of the missile 12 responds.
  • laser pulses are emitted in a wavelength range around 800 nm, that is to say in the short-wave infrared range.
  • a defense device 32 is mounted on a flying object such as an aircraft 34 with engines 35.
  • the defense device 32 has a plasma generating device 36, which is basically constructed as described with reference to the first embodiment.
  • One or more plasma clouds can be generated by the plasma generation device 36 at a distance to the flying object 34, whereby a missile 40 (such as a rocket or intelligent ammunition) with target detection can react to the electromagnetic radiation emanating from the plasma cloud 38 and thereby can be distracted by the flying object 34.
  • An oscillator 42 outputs a short pulse 44.
  • this short pulse is stretched in time to lower the peak power (pulse 46).
  • the stretched pulse 46 is amplified.
  • the resulting pulse 50 is long compared to the pulse 44.
  • the stretch is then reversed by a compressor 52 such that the resulting high intensity light pulse 28 (which may be on the order of 10 13 W / cm 2 ) is provided outside the plasma generator 16.
  • the compressor 52 By the compressor 52, the original shape of the short pulse 44 is restored.
  • self-focusing can be effected by a phase adjustment in the laser device 18 in an at least approximately defined distance from the laser device 18.
  • the straightener 45 can be realized for example via an optical grating.
  • the compressor 52 can be realized via an optical grating.
  • red and blue portions of an incoming pulse 44 and 50 can bend in different directions.
  • the compressor 52 is designed such that a phase adjustment takes place via the optical gratings, so that the self-focusing, which leads to the plasma breakthrough in air, occurs at a defined location at a distance from the laser device 18.
  • a laser device 18 with a subpicosecond laser is used to deceive missiles 12 and 40 with opto-electronic target detection by generating in plasma a plasma which is accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation, in particular recombination radiation.
  • the defense device according to the invention can be used stationary or mobile. It can be used to generate plasma in a defined spatial area. This also allows a defined area of space to be protected. In particular, the space in which the plasma is generated is selected at a sufficiently great distance from an area to be protected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

The defence device against missiles (12), with infrared detection (14), comprises a plasma generating unit (16) by which a plasma or plasma breakthrough is generated in the air at a distance from the plasma generating unit. One or more plasma clouds (30) are produced in the air by the plasma generating unit. The plasma generating unit includes at least one laser device (18) by means of which light pulses are emitted. Independent claims are included for: (1) a method for defence against missiles which have infrared detection which entails producing plasma clouds in the air; and (2) a use of a laser device for producing plasma in the air.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abwehrvorrichtung gegen Flugkörper mit auf elektromagnetische Strahlung, insbesondere Infrarot-Strahlung, reagierender Zielerfassung.The invention relates to a defense device against missiles with on electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, responsive target detection.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Abwehr gegen Flugkörper, welche eine auf elektromagnetische Strahlung, insbesondere Infrarot-Strahlung, reagierende Zielerfassung aufweisen.The invention further relates to a method for defense against missiles, which have a responsive to electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, target detection.

Flugkörper, wie beispielsweise mit einem Sprengkopf versehene Raketen oder intelligente Munition, können eine Zielerfassung aufweisen, welche auf elektromagnetische Strahlung und insbesondere Infrarot-Strahlung reagiert und können dadurch ihr Ziel, wie beispielsweise ein Flugzeug, finden. Die Infrarot-Strahlung, auf die die Zielerfassung reagiert, wird beispielsweise durch Triebwerke des Flugzeugs abgegeben.Missiles, such as missile-equipped missiles or smart ammunition, may include target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation, and particularly infrared radiation, and may thereby find their target, such as an aircraft. The infrared radiation to which the target detection responds, for example, delivered by engines of the aircraft.

Aus der WO 2004/058566 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Ablenkung eines Projektils von einer anfänglichen Flugbahn bekannt, wobei das Projektil einen ersten Oberflächenbereich und einen zweiten Oberflächenbereich aufweist und sich durch eine gasförmige Atmosphäre mit umgebender Plasmahülle bewegt. Es wird elektromagnetische Strahlung zu dem Projektil gerichtet, wobei die elektromagnetische Strahlung eine Frequenz hat, die durch die Plasmahülle zu einem signifikanten Maß absorbiert wird aber nicht durch die gasförmige Atmosphäre absorbiert wird.From the WO 2004/058566 A1 A method of deflecting a projectile from an initial trajectory is known, wherein the projectile has a first surface area and a second surface area and moves through a gaseous atmosphere with surrounding plasma sheath. Electromagnetic radiation is directed to the projectile, with the electromagnetic radiation having a frequency that passes through the plasma sheath is absorbed to a significant degree but is not absorbed by the gaseous atmosphere.

Aus der DE 41 07 533 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Schutz von Luftfahrzeugen vor Flugkörpern mit UV-Zielsuchköpfen bekannt, bei dem die Luftfahrzeuge zumindest zeitweise mit einer UV-emittierenden Strahlungsquelle versehen werden.From the DE 41 07 533 A1 is a method for protecting aircraft from missiles with UV homing heads known in which the aircraft are at least temporarily provided with a UV-emitting radiation source.

Aus der EP 0 240 819 A2 ist ein Verfahren zur Ablenkung von durch Radar und/oder Infrarotstrahlung gelenkten Flugkörpern bekannt, bei dem im oder vor dem Zielbereich des Flugkörpers Scheinziele erzeugende Wurfkörper gezündet werden.From the EP 0 240 819 A2 is a method for deflecting guided by radar and / or infrared radiation missiles are known, are ignited in or before the target area of the missile-generating projectile throwing body.

Aus der DE 27 44 401 A1 ist ein Laser insbesondere zur Geschoss- und/oder Zielverfolgung sowie zu Beleuchtungszwecken bekannt, bei dem ein pyrotechnischer Leuchtsatz als Pumplichtquelle vorgesehen ist.From the DE 27 44 401 A1 For example, a laser is known, in particular, for projectile and / or target tracking and for illumination purposes, in which a pyrotechnic flare is provided as a pump light source.

In dem Artikel "Hochenergie-Petawattlaser - die Erzeugung ultraintensiver Pulse" von Stefan Borneis, Photonik 3/2005, Seiten 76 - 79 ist ein Nd:Glas Hochenergie-Petawattlaser beschrieben.The article "High energy petawatt laser - the generation of ultra-intensive pulses" by Stefan Borneis, Photonik 3/2005, pages 76-79 describes a Nd: glass high-energy petawatt laser.

Die WO 2005/026650 A2 offenbart eine Abwehrvorrichtung gegen Flugkörper mit auf elektromagnetische Strahlung, insbesondere Infrarotstrahlung, reagierender Zielerfassung, bei der eine Plasmawolke lokal in Luft erzeugt wird.The WO 2005/026650 A2 discloses a missile defense device having target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation, particularly infrared radiation, in which a plasma cloud is generated locally in air.

Die US-A-5 726 855 offenbart eine Vorrichtung und eine Methode zur Erzeugung von Leitungspfaden in der Atmosphäre. Hierbei wird ein Chirped-Pulsverstärkter Laser verwendet. Dieser Laser ist so konfiguriert, dass er eine Vielzahl von elektrisch leitfähigen ionisierten Kanälen in der Atmosphäre erzeugen kann. Mittels dieser Kanäle soll es gelingen, Blitze gezielt zu induzieren und somit Blitzschäden zu vermeiden.The US-A-5,726,855 discloses an apparatus and method for generating conduction paths in the atmosphere. Here, a chirped pulse-amplified laser is used. This laser is configured to generate a variety of electrically conductive ionized channels in the atmosphere. By means of these channels, it should be possible to specifically induce lightning and thus to avoid lightning damage.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abwehrvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, mittels welcher ein Schutz gegen solche Flugkörper erreichbar ist.The invention has for its object to provide a defense device of the type mentioned, by means of which a protection against such missiles can be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass eine Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung vorgesehen ist, welche eine Laservorrichtung aufweist, wobei mittels der Laservorrichtung in Luft in einem Abstand zu der Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung eine oder mehrere Plasmawolken erzeugbar sind.This object is achieved in that a plasma generating device is provided which has a laser device, wherein by means of the laser device in air at a distance from the plasma generating means one or more plasma clouds can be generated.

In Luft lässt sich lokal ein Plasma erzeugen, wenn die Plasmadurchbruchschwelle von Luft überschritten wird, das heißt wenn an einem Ort in der Luft so hohe Feldstärken herrschen, dass der Plasmadurchbruch erfolgt. Die Plasmabildung ist begleitet von der Abstrahlung elektromagnetischer Wellen. Insbesondere die Plasmarekombination führt zu Strahlung unter anderem im Infrarot-Bereich. Der Flugkörper mit Zielerfassung, welche auf elektromagnetische Wellen reagiert, kann auf die Abstrahlung reagieren und durch die Zielerfassung wird der Flugkörper in Richtung des Ortes der Plasmabildung gelenkt. Dadurch wiederum kann er von einem zu schützenden Objekt wie einem Flugzeug abgelenkt werden. Durch die Plasmabildung in Luft lässt sich eine Zieltäuschung in der Zielerfassung des Flugkörpers durchführen. Dadurch lassen sich beispielsweise Flugobjekte wie Flugzeuge oder auch Raumbereiche um einen Flughafen schützen. Den Flugkörpern mit elektrooptischer Zielerfassung werden definierte "Ziele" bereitgestellt, um zu schützende Objekte zu sichern.In air, a plasma can be generated locally if the plasma breakthrough threshold of air is exceeded, that is, if at a location in the air so high field strengths prevail that the plasma breakthrough takes place. The plasma formation is accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic waves. In particular, the plasma recombination leads to radiation, inter alia in the infrared range. The missile with target detection, which responds to electromagnetic waves, can respond to the radiation and the target detection, the missile is directed in the direction of the location of the plasma formation. In turn, it can be distracted by an object to be protected, such as an airplane. The plasma formation in air can be a target deception in the target detection of the missile perform. This allows, for example, to protect flying objects such as airplanes or even room areas around an airport. The missiles with electro-optical target detection are defined "targets" provided to secure objects to be protected.

Plasmen in Luft lassen sich beispielsweise laserinduziert bilden. Durch Ultrakurz-Lichtpulse kann die Plasmadurchbruchschwelle in Luft erreicht werden. Aufgrund der nicht-linearen Propagation von Ultrakurz-Lichtpulsen in der Atmosphäre kommt es durch induzierten Kerr-Effekt zu einer Selbstfokussierung eines Laserstrahls. Für diese Selbstfokussierung ist kein Teleskop notwendig, sondern es genügt eine "normale" Optik. Es ist dadurch möglich, die entsprechende Laservorrichtung in einem großen Abstand (der 10 km oder mehr betragen kann) vom Ort des Plasmadurchbruchs zu positionieren, das heißt der Plasmadurchbruch lässt sich in einem großen Abstand zu der Laservorrichtung durch die Selbstfokussierung bewirken.For example, plasmas in air can be laser-induced. Ultrashort light pulses enable the plasma breakthrough threshold in air to be achieved. Due to the non-linear propagation of ultrashort light pulses in the atmosphere, the induced Kerr effect leads to a self-focusing of a laser beam. For this self-focusing no telescope is necessary, but it suffices a "normal" optics. It is thereby possible to position the corresponding laser device at a large distance (which may be 10 km or more) from the location of the plasma breakdown, that is, the plasma breakdown can be effected at a great distance to the laser device by the self-focusing.

Insbesondere sind durch die eine Laservorrichtung umfassende Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung ein oder mehrere Plasmawolken (Plasmakugeln) in Luft durch Plasmadurchbruch erzeugbar. Diese erzeugten Plasmawolken sind begleitet mit der Abstrahlung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung, auf die die Zielerfassung eines Flugkörpers reagieren kann. Die Plasmabildung hat Defokussierungswirkung auf den Laserstrahl. Durch weitere Propagation der Lichtpulse in Luft kann wieder eine Selbstfokussierung stattfinden. Es kann sich dann eine Serie von Plasmawolken bilden. Es kann dabei auch eine Filamentierung auftreten, bei der ein Plasmadurchbruch in Filamenten zwischen Plasmawolken erfolgt.In particular, one or more plasma clouds (plasma spheres) can be generated in air by plasma breakthrough by the plasma generating device comprising a laser device. These generated plasma clouds are accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation, to which the target detection of a missile can react. The plasma formation has a defocusing effect on the laser beam. By further propagation of the light pulses in air again a self-focusing can take place. It can then form a series of plasma clouds. It can also occur a filamentation, in which a plasma breakthrough takes place in filaments between plasma clouds.

Die Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung umfasst mindestens eine Laservorrichtung, durch die Lichtpulse emittierbar sind. In Lichtpulsen lässt sich eine hohe Intensität (Feldstärke) erreichen, die zum Plasmadurchbruch führen kann. Ferner lassen sich Lichtpulse bezüglich ihrer Pulsformung so steuern, dass der Plasmadurchbruch in einem Abstand zu der Laservorrichtung erfolgt.The plasma generating device comprises at least one laser device, by means of which light pulses can be emitted. In light pulses, a high intensity (field strength) can be achieved, which can lead to the plasma breakthrough. Furthermore, light pulses can be controlled with respect to their pulse shaping in such a way that the plasma breakdown takes place at a distance from the laser device.

Insbesondere sind durch die mindestens eine Laservorrichtung Lichtpulse im Subpikosekunden-Bereich emittierbar und insbesondere im Femtosekunden-Bereich emittierbar. Bei solchen kurzen Lichtpulsen tritt eine Selbstfokussierung in Luft aufgrund induziertem Kerr-Effekt auf und es lässt sich eine hohe Feldstärke erreichen, die zum Plasmadurchbruch führen kann. Es ist dabei kein Teleskop zur Fokussierung an den Ort des Plasmadurchbruchs notwendig.In particular, light pulses in the subpicosecond range can be emitted by the at least one laser device and can be emitted, in particular in the femtosecond range. Self-focusing in air occurs due to the induced Kerr effect in such short light pulses, and a high field strength can be achieved, which can lead to plasma breakthrough. There is no need for a telescope to focus on the location of the plasma breakthrough.

Insbesondere erfolgt eine Selbstfokussierung der Laseremission in Luft. Aufgrund der nicht-linearen Propagation ultrakurzer Lichtpulse beim Durchgang durch die Atmosphäre kommt es zum induzierten Kerr-Effekt. Dadurch wiederum kommt es zu einer Selbstfokussierung der Laseremission, ohne dass ein Teleskop zur Fokussierung notwendig ist. In einer Zone der Selbstfokussierung kann es, wenn die Lichtpulse eine entsprechend hohe Intensität aufweisen, zum Plasmadurchbruch kommen. Das Plasma wiederum führt zu einer Defokussierung des Laserstrahls. Das Licht kann sich weiter ausbreiten und es kann dann wiederum eine Selbstfokussierung auftreten. Dadurch kann eine Serie von Plasmawolken (Plasmakugeln) gebildet werden bis die Energie des propagierenden Lichts nicht mehr ausreicht, einen Plasmadurchbruch zu erzeugen. Mindestens der Ort des ersten Plasmadurchbruchs ist näherungsweise einstellbar. Es kann auch vorkommen, dass sich Filamente (die einen Durchmesser in der Größenordnung von 100 µm haben) bilden. Diese bilden sich insbesondere entlang des Laserstrahls zwischen Plasmawolken.In particular, a self-focusing of the laser emission takes place in air. Due to the non-linear propagation of ultrashort light pulses during passage through the atmosphere it comes to the induced Kerr effect. This in turn leads to a self-focusing of the laser emission, without a telescope for focusing is necessary. In a zone of self-focusing, if the light pulses have a correspondingly high intensity, the plasma breakthrough may occur. The plasma in turn leads to a defocusing of the laser beam. The light can spread further and then again a self-focusing can occur. As a result, a series of plasma clouds (plasma spheres) can be formed until the energy of the propagating light is no longer sufficient to produce a plasma breakthrough. At least the location of the first plasma breakthrough is approximately adjustable. It may also happen that form filaments (which have a diameter in the order of 100 microns). These form in particular along the laser beam between plasma clouds.

Günstig ist es, wenn die Laservorrichtung nach dem Verfahren der Chirped-Pulse-Amplification (CPA) betrieben wird. Bei diesem Verfahren (siehe beispielsweise D. Meschede, Optik, Licht und Laser, B.G. Teubner Stuttgart, Leipzig, 1999, Seiten 291, 292 und weiteres Zitat dort) wird ein kurzer Puls gestreckt, um die Spitzenleistung zu senken. Der gestreckte Puls wird verstärkt und die Streckung wird durch einen Kompressor rückgängig gemacht. Die Streckung und Kompression kann beispielsweise über optische Gitter erfolgen. Es ist dabei möglich, den Ort einer Selbstfokussierung im Abstand zu der Laservorrichtung einzustellen. Dies kann durch Phasenabgleich insbesondere an dem Kompressor erfolgen.It is advantageous if the laser device is operated by the method of Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA). In this method (see, for example, D. Meschede, Optics, Light and Laser, BG Teubner Stuttgart, Leipzig, 1999, pages 291, 292 and further citation there), a short pulse is stretched to lower the peak power. The stretched pulse is amplified and the stretch is reversed by a compressor. The stretching and compression can be done for example via optical gratings. It is possible to set the location of a self-focusing at a distance from the laser device. This can be done by phasing especially on the compressor.

Beispielsweise ist der Wellenlängenbereich der von der Laservorrichtung emittierten elektromagnetischen Strahlung unterschiedlich (er liegt beispielsweise bei höheren Wellenlängen) zu dem Wellenlängenbereich der elektromagnetischen Strahlung, auf den die Zielerfassung reagiert. Die Zieltäuschung erfolgt über die Abstrahlung als Begleitprozess der Plasmabildung. Insbesondere durch eine Laservorrichtung lassen sich gezielt Plasmawolken setzen, die mit der Abstrahlung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung begleitet sind. Auf die abgestrahlten elektromagnetischen Wellen, insbesondere im Infrarot-Bereich, kann die Zielerfassung eines Flugkörpers reagieren. (Durch das Plasma wird auch UV-Licht abgestrahlt, so dass auch eine "Täuschung" von UV-Sensoren prinzipiell möglich ist.)For example, the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the laser device is different (it is for example at higher wavelengths) to the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation to which the target detection responds. The target illusion occurs via the radiation as accompanying process of the plasma formation. In particular, by a laser device can be targeted plasma clouds set, which are accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation. On the radiated electromagnetic waves, in particular in the infrared range, the target detection of a missile can respond. (Due to the plasma also UV-light is radiated, so that a "deception" of UV-sensors is possible in principle.)

Es ist grundsätzlich möglich, dass die Laservorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Lichtpulsen in einem Single-Mode-Modus arbeitet oder in einem Repetitionsmodus, bei dem eine Pulsfolge mit einer Mehrzahl von Pulsen (zwei Pulse, drei Pulse oder mehr) mit kurzem Abstand, die beispielsweise in der Größenordnung von 100 µs liegen kann, gebildet wird. Durch einen Betrieb im Repetitionsmodus lässt sich in der Atmosphäre unter Umständen der Plasmadurchbruch erleichtern.It is basically possible that the laser device for generating light pulses operates in a single-mode mode or in a repetition mode in which a pulse train with a plurality of pulses (two pulses, three pulses or more) with a short distance, for example may be of the order of 100 μs. Operation in the repetition mode may facilitate the plasma breakthrough in the atmosphere.

Ganz besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Ort der Plasmaerzeugung mindestens näherungsweise einstellbar ist. Beispielsweise ist der Abstand des Ortes des Plasmaerzeugung von einer Laservorrichtung einstellbar. Durch Einstellung der Ausrichtung der Laservorrichtung im Raum lässt sich dann der Ort der Plasmaerzeugung im Raum mindestens näherungsweise einstellen und dadurch wiederum lässt sich ein bestimmter Raumbereich schützen.It is particularly advantageous if the location of the plasma generation is at least approximately adjustable. For example, the distance of the location of the plasma generation from a laser device is adjustable. By adjusting the orientation of the laser device in the room, the location of the plasma generation in the room can then be set at least approximately, and this in turn can protect a certain area of space.

Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Abwehrvorrichtung stationär positioniert ist. Beispielsweise ist sie am Boden angeordnet. Sie kann dazu dienen, einen Flughafen zu schützen.It can be provided that the defense device is stationarily positioned. For example, it is arranged on the ground. It can serve to protect an airport.

Es ist auch eine mobile Positionierung möglich. Durch die mobile Positionierung kann beispielsweise ein mobiles Objekt (an welchem die Positionierung vorgesehen ist) wie ein Flugobjekt geschützt werden. Es ist auch eine mobile Positionierung beispielsweise am Boden möglich, um einen Raumbereich, in welchem Plasmawolken erzeugt werden, variieren zu können.It is also a mobile positioning possible. By the mobile positioning, for example, a mobile object (on which the positioning is provided) can be protected like a flying object. Mobile positioning, for example on the ground, is also possible in order to be able to vary a spatial region in which plasma clouds are generated.

Beispielsweise ist die Abwehrvorrichtung an einem Flugobjekt wie einem Flugzeug angeordnet (außen oder innen am Flugobjekt), um dieses gegen angreifende Flugkörper schützen zu können.For example, the defense device is arranged on a flying object such as an aircraft (outside or inside the flying object) in order to be able to protect it against attacking missiles.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Abwehr gegen Flugkörper, welche eine auf elektromagnetische Strahlung, insbesondere Infrarot-Strahlung, reagierende Zielerfassung aufweisen, welches auf einfache Weise durchführbar ist.The invention further relates to a method for defense against missiles, which have a responsive to electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, target detection, which is carried out in a simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass mittels einer Laservorrichtung eine oder mehrere Plasmawolken in Luft erzeugt werden, wobei die Plasmawolke oder Plasmawolken beabstandet zu der Laservorrichtung erzeugt werden.This object is achieved in that one or more plasma clouds are generated in air by means of a laser device, wherein the plasma cloud or plasma clouds spaced from the laser device are generated.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist die bereits im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Abwehrvorrichtung erläuterten Vorteile auf.The method according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the defense device according to the invention.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsformen wurden ebenfalls bereits im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Abwehrvorrichtung erläutert.Further advantageous embodiments have also already been explained in connection with the defense device according to the invention.

Insbesondere werden die Plasmawolke oder Plasmawolken beabstandet zu einer Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung erzeugt. Dadurch lässt sich ein effektiver Schutz gegenüber Flugkörpern erreichen.In particular, the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are generated at a distance from a plasma generating device. As a result, effective protection against missiles can be achieved.

Insbesondere wird die Plasmaerzeugung in einem Abstand von mindestens 50 m zu der Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung durchgeführt. Dadurch lässt sich ein entsprechendes Gebiet und auch die Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung selber auf effektive Weise schützen.In particular, the plasma generation is performed at a distance of at least 50 m to the plasma generating device. As a result, an appropriate area and also the plasma generating device itself can be effectively protected.

Günstigerweise werden die Plasmawolke oder Plasmawolken entfernt von einem zu schützenden Bereich erzeugt. Durch die Plasmaerzeugung wird üblicherweise ein anfliegender Flugkörper nicht direkt ausgeschaltet, sondern nur umgelenkt (da er über sein Ziel getäuscht wird). Die Umlenkung kann dabei so erfolgen, dass er nicht in einen zu schützenden Bereich gelangt bzw. den zu schützenden Bereich ohne Kollisionsgefahr durchquert.Conveniently, the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are generated away from a region to be protected. Plasma generation usually does not turn off an incoming missile directly, but only diverts it (because it is misled about its target). The deflection can be carried out so that it does not enter a protected area or traverses the area to be protected without risk of collision.

Insbesondere werden die Plasmawolke oder Plasmawolken in einem Bereich gebildet, in dem eine Selbstfokussierung der Lichtpulse stattfindet. Eine solche Selbstfokussierung lässt sich für Subpikosekunden-Lichtpulse aufgrund deren nicht-linearen Propagation in der Atmosphäre erreichen. Aufgrund der Selbstfokussierung wird kein Teleskop oder dergleichen benötigt, um in einem Abstand zu der Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung einen Plasmadurchbruch in der Atmosphäre zu erreichen.In particular, the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are formed in a region in which a self-focusing of the light pulses takes place. Such self-focusing can be achieved for subpicosecond light pulses due to their non-linear propagation in the atmosphere. Due to the self-focusing, no telescope or the like is needed to achieve a plasma breakthrough in the atmosphere at a distance from the plasma generating device.

Insbesondere werden durch die Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung Subpikosekunden-Lichtpulse emittiert, die zur Plasmabildung in Luft führen. Über Subpikosekunden-Lichtpulse lassen sich Feldstärken erreichen, die in Luft zum Plasmadurchbruch führen.In particular, subpicosecond light pulses are emitted by the plasma generating device, which lead to plasma formation in air. about Subpicosecond light pulses can achieve field strengths that lead to plasma breakthrough in air.

Die Subpikosekunden-Lichtpulse werden durch eine Laservorrichtung erzeugt. Durch entsprechende Einstellung bzw. Steuerung der Laservorrichtung lassen sich Lichtpulse mit einer derart hohen Intensität erzeugen, dass es zum Plasmadurchbruch in der Atmosphäre kommt. Ferner lässt sich der Ort des Plasmadurchbruchs mindestens näherungsweise einstellen.The subpicosecond light pulses are generated by a laser device. By appropriate adjustment or control of the laser device, light pulses can be generated with such a high intensity that plasma breakdown occurs in the atmosphere. Furthermore, the location of the plasma breakthrough can be set at least approximately.

Insbesondere wird ein solcher Phasenabgleich in der Laservorrichtung durchgeführt, dass in einem vorgegebenen Abstand zu der Laservorrichtung ein Plasmadurchbruch in der Luft erfolgt. Durch Phasenabgleich in der Laservorrichtung (beispielsweise an einem Kompressor einer Pulsformungseinrichtung) lassen sich unterschiedliche Laufzeiten von Licht unterschiedlicher Wellenlänge dazu nutzen, dass eine Selbstfokussierung in einem bestimmten Abstand zu der Laservorrichtung erfolgt.In particular, such a phase adjustment is performed in the laser device that a plasma breakthrough takes place in the air at a predetermined distance from the laser device. By phase adjustment in the laser device (for example on a compressor of a pulse shaping device), different transit times of light of different wavelengths can be used to achieve self-focusing at a specific distance from the laser device.

Insbesondere wird die Laservorrichtung gemäß dem Verfahren der Chirped-Pulse-Amplification betrieben.In particular, the laser device is operated according to the method of chirped pulse amplification.

Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass Mehrfach-Lichtpulse emittiert werden, das heißt, dass eine Laservorrichtung in einem Repetitionsmodus betrieben wird. Dadurch lässt sich auf eine relativ begrenzte Stelle in der Atmosphäre mit einer Mehrzahl von Lichtpulsen (beispielsweise Doppelpulsen, Dreifachpulsen usw.) einwirken, um den Plasmadurchbruch zu bewirken. Pulse in einer Mehrfachpuls-Gruppe haben beispielsweise einen Abstand in der Größenordnung von 100 µs.It can be provided that multiple light pulses are emitted, that is to say that a laser device is operated in a repetition mode. This allows a relatively limited location in the atmosphere to be acted upon by a plurality of light pulses (eg, double pulses, triple pulses, etc.) to cause plasma breakdown. For example, pulses in a multi-pulse group have a spacing on the order of 100 μs.

Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Laservorrichtung mit einem Subpikosekunden-Laser zur Plasmaerzeugung in Luft zur Abwehr gegen Flugkörper mit auf elektromagnetische Strahlung reagierender Zielerfassung verwendet.According to the invention, a laser device with a subpicosecond laser for plasma generation in air is used for defense against missiles with target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation.

Die entsprechenden Vorteile sowie weitere Ausführungsformen dieser Verwendung wurden bereits im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erläutert.The corresponding advantages and further embodiments of this use have already been explained in connection with the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen dient im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung der näheren Erläuterung der Erfindung.
Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Abwehrvorrichtung mit Stationierung am Boden;
Figur 2
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Abwehrvorrichtung mit Anordnung an einem Flugzeug; und
Figur 3
eine schematische Darstellung des Verfahrens der Chirped-Pulse-Amplification (CPA).
The following description of preferred embodiments is used in conjunction with the drawings for a more detailed explanation of the invention.
Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a defense device according to the invention with stationing on the ground;
FIG. 2
A second embodiment of a defense device according to the invention with an arrangement on an aircraft; and
FIG. 3
a schematic representation of the method of Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA).

Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Abwehrvorrichtung ist in Figur 1 gezeigt und dort mit 10 bezeichnet. Sie dient zur Abwehr gegen Flugkörper 12 wie beispielsweise Raketen (mit Sprengkopf) oder auch intelligente Munition, die eine Zielerfassungseinrichtung 14 aufweist, welche auf elektromagnetische Strahlung reagiert. Eine solche Zielerfassungseinrichtung 14 umfasst beispielsweise einen oder mehrere optoelektronische Sensoren, welche elektromagnetische Strahlung wie beispielsweise Infrarot-Strahlung detektieren. Die Flugbahn des Flugkörpers 12 wird während des Fluges über die Zielerfassungseinrichtung 14 so gesteuert, dass sie der Quelle der elektromagnetischen Strahlung folgt. Beispielsweise ist eine Quelle für Infrarot-Strahlung ein Flugzeugtriebwerk.A first embodiment of a defense device according to the invention is in FIG. 1 shown and designated there with 10. It serves as a defense against Missiles 12 such as missiles (with warhead) or smart ammunition, which has a target detection means 14 which responds to electromagnetic radiation. Such a target detection device 14 includes, for example, one or more optoelectronic sensors which detect electromagnetic radiation, such as infrared radiation. The trajectory of the missile 12 is controlled during flight via the target detector 14 so that it follows the source of electromagnetic radiation. For example, a source of infrared radiation is an aircraft engine.

Die Abwehrvorrichtung 10 umfasst eine Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung 16 mit einer Laservorrichtung 18. Die Laservorrichtung 18 ist eine Ultrakurzpuls-Laservorrichtung; durch sie sind Lichtpulse im Subpikosekunden-Bereich und insbesondere im Femtosekunden-Bereich emittierbar.The defense device 10 comprises a plasma generation device 16 with a laser device 18. The laser device 18 is an ultrashort pulse laser device; They emit light pulses in the subpicosecond range and in particular in the femtosecond range.

Beispielsweise umfasst die Laservorrichtung 18 einen Oszillator 20 und eine Pulsformungseinrichtung 22.By way of example, the laser device 18 comprises an oscillator 20 and a pulse shaping device 22.

Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Laservorrichtung 18 stationär am Boden 24 angeordnet. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass sie mobil am Boden 24 positionierbar ist (dies ist durch den Pfeil mit dem Bezugszeichen 26 angedeutet).In the embodiment shown, the laser device 18 is stationarily arranged on the floor 24. It can also be provided that it can be positioned on the ground in a mobile manner (this is indicated by the arrow with the reference number 26).

Die Laservorrichtung 18 gibt Subpikosekunden-Pulse ab, wobei sich an einem oder mehreren Orten beabstandet zu der Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung 16 Lichtpulse 28 (Figur 3) mit derart hoher Intensität erreichen lassen, dass es zum Plasmadurchbruch in der Luft kommt und sich eine oder mehrere Plasmawolken 30 (Figur 1) bilden. Insbesondere ist der Ort, an dem sich die Plasmawolke oder Plasmawolken 30 bilden, einstellbar. Diese Einstellung kann über einen Phasenabgleich unter Berücksichtigung der nicht-linearen Propagation der Lichtpulse der Laservorrichtung 18 in Luft erfolgen.The laser device 18 emits subpicosecond pulses, wherein at one or more locations spaced apart from the plasma generation device 16 light pulses 28 (FIG. FIG. 3 ) can be achieved with such high intensity that it comes to the plasma breakthrough in the air and one or more Plasma clouds 30 ( FIG. 1 ) form. In particular, the location at which the plasma cloud or plasma clouds 30 form is adjustable. This adjustment can take place via a phase adjustment taking into account the non-linear propagation of the light pulses of the laser device 18 in air.

Es hat sich beispielsweise gezeigt, dass sich durch einen Subpikosekunden-Laser Lichtpulse 28 mit einer Intensität, die zum Plasmadurchbruch in Luft führt, in einer Entfernung von ca. 10 km von der Laservorrichtung 18 erzeugen lassen.It has been found, for example, that light pulses 28 having an intensity which leads to the plasma breakthrough in air can be generated by the laser device 18 at a distance of about 10 km by means of a subpicosecond laser.

Der Plasmadurchbruch lässt sich beispielsweise in einem Abstand von ca. 10 m bis in einem Abstandsbereich von mehreren Kilometern erzeugen. Dieser Bereich ist einstellbar.The plasma breakthrough can be generated for example at a distance of about 10 m to a distance of several kilometers. This area is adjustable.

Aufgrund der nicht-linearen Propagation der erzeugten ultrakurzen Lichtpulse kommt es beim Durchgang durch die Atmosphäre zu einer Selbstfokussierung der Laseremission aufgrund induzierten Kerr-Effekts. Durch die Selbstfokussierung kann in einen Bereich (mit einem vorzugsweise einstellbaren Abstand zu der Laservorrichtung 18) die Plasmadurchbruchschwelle in der Atmosphäre überschritten werden. Aufgrund dieser (Selbst-)Fokussierung ist keine besondere Abbildungsoptik wie beispielsweise ein Teleskop notwendig.Due to the non-linear propagation of the generated ultrashort light pulses, self-focusing of the laser emission due to the induced Kerr effect occurs when passing through the atmosphere. Due to the self-focusing, the plasma breakthrough threshold in the atmosphere can be exceeded in a region (with a preferably adjustable distance to the laser device 18). Due to this (self-) focusing no special imaging optics such as a telescope is necessary.

An dem Ort des Plasmadurchbruchs bildet sich eine Plasmawolke (Plasmakugel). Das Plasma hat einen Defokussierungseffekt auf das Licht. Bei der weiteren Lichtpropagation kann der Selbstfokussierungseffekt wieder wirksam werden und in einem Abstand zu der erstgebildeten Plasmawolke kann sich eine weitere Plasmawolke bilden usw. Es kann sich dadurch eine Serie von Plasmawolken bilden, so lange, bis die Intensität des propagierenden Lichtpulses nicht mehr ausreicht, die Plasmadurchbruchschwelle in Luft zu überschreiten.At the site of the plasma breakthrough, a plasma cloud (plasma ball) is formed. The plasma has a defocusing effect on the light. In the further light propagation of the self-focusing effect can be effective again and at a distance to the first formed plasma cloud may form another plasma cloud, etc. It may be a series of Plasma clouds form, until the intensity of the propagating light pulse is no longer sufficient to exceed the plasma breakthrough threshold in air.

Es ist auch möglich, dass eine Filamentierung aufgritt. Insbesondere zwischen benachbarten Plasmawolken können sich entlang der Lichtstrecke Plasmafilamente mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 100 µm ausbilden.It is also possible that a filamentation aufgritt. In particular between adjacent plasma clouds plasma filaments with a diameter of about 100 μm can form along the light path.

Es ist möglich, dass die Laservorrichtung 18 in einem Single-Puls-Modus betrieben wird oder in einem Repetitionsmodus. In dem Repetitionsmodus wird eine Pulsgruppe mit beispielsweise zwei, drei oder mehr Pulsen abgesandt, wobei der Abstand der Pulse in einer Pulsgruppe kleiner ist als der Abstand von Pulsen unterschiedlicher Pulsgruppen, die nacheinander ausgesandt werden. Beispielsweise liegt der Abstand von Pulsen innerhalb einer Pulsgruppe bei ca. 100 µs. Dadurch lässt sich unter Umständen der Plasmadurchbruch erleichtern.It is possible that the laser device 18 is operated in a single-pulse mode or in a repetition mode. In the repetition mode, a pulse group with, for example, two, three or more pulses is sent, wherein the distance of the pulses in a pulse group is smaller than the distance of pulses of different pulse groups, which are transmitted one after the other. For example, the distance of pulses within a pulse group is approximately 100 μs. This may facilitate plasma breakthrough under certain circumstances.

Das erzeugte Plasma führt zur Abstrahlung von elektromagnetischen Wellen, insbesondere aufgrund von Rekombinationsprozessen des Plasmas. Unter anderem erfolgt eine Abstrahlung im Infrarot-Bereich.The generated plasma leads to the emission of electromagnetic waves, in particular due to recombination processes of the plasma. Among other things, there is a radiation in the infrared range.

Auf diese elektromagnetischen Strahlen kann die Zielerfassungseinrichtung 14 des Flugkörpers 12 reagieren; die Strahlungsemission der Plasmawolke 30 (insbesondere des zusammenbrechenden Plasmas) täuscht der Zielerfassungseinrichtung 14 des Flugkörpers 12 das Vorliegen eines abstrahlenden Gegenstandes vor und der Flugkörper 12 wird durch die Zielerfassungseinrichtung 14 zu der Plasmawolke 30 gelenkt. Es erfolgt also über die durch die Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung 16 erzeugte Plasmawolke 30 eine Zieltäuschung für den Flugkörper 12.The target detection device 14 of the missile 12 can respond to these electromagnetic radiation; the radiation emission of the plasma cloud 30 (in particular of the collapsing plasma) simulates the presence of a radiating object to the target detection device 14 of the missile 12 and the missile 12 is guided by the target detection device 14 to the plasma cloud 30. It is done via the through the plasma generating device 16 generated plasma cloud 30 a target deception for the missile 12th

Der Wellenlängenbereich der Lichtpulse, welche durch die Laservorrichtung 18 emittiert werden, kann außerhalb des Wellenlängenbereichs, auf welchen die Zielerfassungseinrichtung 14 des Flugkörpers 12 reagiert, liegen. Beispielsweise werden Laserpulse in einem Wellenlängenbereich um 800 nm abgegeben, das heißt im kurzwelligen Infrarot-Bereich.The wavelength range of the light pulses emitted by the laser device 18 may be outside the wavelength range to which the target detection device 14 of the missile 12 responds. For example, laser pulses are emitted in a wavelength range around 800 nm, that is to say in the short-wave infrared range.

Bei einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, welches in Figur 2 gezeigt ist, ist eine Abwehrvorrichtung 32 an einem Flugobjekt wie beispielsweise einem Flugzeug 34 mit Triebwerken 35 montiert. Die Abwehrvorrichtung 32 weist eine Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung 36 auf, welche grundsätzlich so aufgebaut ist wie anhand des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben. Durch die Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung 36 lassen sich in einem Abstand zu dem Flugobjekt 34 eine oder mehrere Plasmawolken erzeugen, wobei ein Flugkörper 40 (wie beispielsweise eine Rakete oder intelligente Munition) mit Zielerfassung auf die elektromagnetische Strahlung, welche von der Plasmawolke 38 ausgeht, reagieren können und dadurch von dem Flugobjekt 34 abgelenkt werden können.In a second embodiment, which is in FIG. 2 3, a defense device 32 is mounted on a flying object such as an aircraft 34 with engines 35. The defense device 32 has a plasma generating device 36, which is basically constructed as described with reference to the first embodiment. One or more plasma clouds can be generated by the plasma generation device 36 at a distance to the flying object 34, whereby a missile 40 (such as a rocket or intelligent ammunition) with target detection can react to the electromagnetic radiation emanating from the plasma cloud 38 and thereby can be distracted by the flying object 34.

Zur Herstellung von Lichtpulsen 28 von derart hoher Intensität, dass es in Luft zum Plasmadurchbruch kommt und damit eine Plasmawolke 30 bzw. 38 ausbildbar ist, wobei diese Plasmawolke 28 bzw. 30 in einem Abstand (und insbesondere großen Abstand) zu der Abwehrvorrichtung 10 bzw. 32 stattfindet, kann beispielsweise das Verfahren der Chirped-Pulse-Amplification (CPA) eingesetzt werden. Dieses Verfahren ist beispielsweise in D. Meschede, Optik, Licht und Laser, B.G. Teubner Stuttgart, Leipzig, 1999 im Kapitel 8.5.5 mit Zitatangabe beschrieben.For the production of light pulses 28 of such high intensity that it comes in plasma breakthrough plasma and thus a plasma cloud 30 and 38 can be formed, said plasma cloud 28 and 30 at a distance (and in particular large distance) to the defense device 10 and 32 takes place, for example, the method of chirped pulse amplification (CPA) can be used. This method is for example in D. Meschede, Optics, Light and Laser, BG Teubner Stuttgart, Leipzig, 1999 described in chapter 8.5.5 with quotation.

Ein Oszillator 42 gibt einen kurzen Puls 44 ab. Durch einen Strecker 45 der Pulsformungseinrichtung 22 wird dieser kurze Puls zeitlich gestreckt, um die Spitzenleistung zu erniedrigen (Puls 46). Durch einen Verstärker 48 wird der gestreckte Puls 46 verstärkt. Der resultierende Puls 50 ist im Vergleich zu dem Puls 44 lang.An oscillator 42 outputs a short pulse 44. By a Strecker 45 of the pulse shaping device 22, this short pulse is stretched in time to lower the peak power (pulse 46). By an amplifier 48, the stretched pulse 46 is amplified. The resulting pulse 50 is long compared to the pulse 44.

Die Streckung wird dann durch einen Kompressor 52 rückgängig gemacht, und zwar derart, dass der entstehende Lichtpuls 28 mit hoher Intensität (die in der Größenordnung von 1013W/cm2 liegen kann) außerhalb der Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung 16 bereitgestellt wird. Durch den Kompressor 52 wird die ursprüngliche Form des kurzen Pulses 44 wieder hergestellt.The stretch is then reversed by a compressor 52 such that the resulting high intensity light pulse 28 (which may be on the order of 10 13 W / cm 2 ) is provided outside the plasma generator 16. By the compressor 52, the original shape of the short pulse 44 is restored.

In Zusammenwirkung mit der nicht-linearen Propagation in Luft lässt sich durch einen Phasenabgleich in der Laservorrichtung 18 in einer mindestens näherungsweise definiert eingestellten Entfernung von der Laservorrichtung 18 eine Selbstfokussierung bewirken.In cooperation with the non-linear propagation in air, self-focusing can be effected by a phase adjustment in the laser device 18 in an at least approximately defined distance from the laser device 18.

Der Strecker 45 kann beispielsweise über ein optisches Gitter realisiert werden. Ebenfalls lässt sich der Kompressor 52 über ein optisches Gitter realisieren. Durch ein optisches Gitter lassen sich rote und blaue Anteile eines einlaufenden Pulses 44 bzw. 50 in unterschiedliche Richtungen beugen.The straightener 45 can be realized for example via an optical grating. Likewise, the compressor 52 can be realized via an optical grating. By means of an optical grating, red and blue portions of an incoming pulse 44 and 50 can bend in different directions.

Beispielsweise ist der Kompressor 52 so ausgebildet, dass über die optischen Gitter ein solcher Phasenabgleich erfolgt, dass die Selbstfokussierung, welche zum Plasmadurchbruch in Luft führt, an einem definierten Ort beabstandet zu der Laservorrichtung 18 entsteht.By way of example, the compressor 52 is designed such that a phase adjustment takes place via the optical gratings, so that the self-focusing, which leads to the plasma breakthrough in air, occurs at a defined location at a distance from the laser device 18.

Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Laservorrichtung 18 mit einem Subpikosekunden-Laser dazu verwendet, Flugkörper 12 bzw. 40 mit opto-elektronischer Zielerfassung zu täuschen, indem in Luft ein Plasma erzeugt wird, welches mit der Abstrahlung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung, insbesondere Rekombinationsstrahlung, begleitet ist.According to the invention, a laser device 18 with a subpicosecond laser is used to deceive missiles 12 and 40 with opto-electronic target detection by generating in plasma a plasma which is accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation, in particular recombination radiation.

Die erfindungsgemäße Abwehrvorrichtung lässt sich stationär oder mobil einsetzen. Über sie lässt sich in einem definierten Raumbereich Plasma erzeugen. Dadurch lässt sich ein definierter Raumbereich auch schützen. Insbesondere wird der Raumbereich, in dem das Plasma erzeugt wird, in einer genügend großer Entfernung von einem zu schützenden Bereich gewählt.The defense device according to the invention can be used stationary or mobile. It can be used to generate plasma in a defined spatial area. This also allows a defined area of space to be protected. In particular, the space in which the plasma is generated is selected at a sufficiently great distance from an area to be protected.

Durch die Abwehrvorrichtung 10 lässt sich beispielsweise ein Bereich um einen Flughafen schützen.By the defense device 10, for example, an area around an airport can be protected.

Claims (24)

  1. Defensive device against missiles (12; 40) having target acquisition (14) that responds to electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, comprising a plasma-generating device (16) that has a laser device (18), wherein by means of the laser device (18) one or more plasma clouds can be generated in the air at a spacing from the plasma-generating device (16).
  2. Defensive device according to claim 1, characterized in that by means of the plasma-generating device (16) a plasma discharge can be generated in the air at a spacing from the plasma-generating device (16).
  3. Defensive device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that light pulses can be emitted by means of a laser device (18).
  4. Defensive device according to claim 3, characterized in that light pulses in the sub-picosecond range can be emitted by means of the at least one laser device (18).
  5. Defensive device according to claim 4, characterized in that a self-focusing of the laser emission occurs in the atmosphere.
  6. Defensive device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the laser device (18) is operated in accordance with the chirped-pulse amplification technique.
  7. Defensive device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the laser device (18) is different from the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation, to which the target acquisition (14) reacts.
  8. Defensive device according to claim 7, characterized in that the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the laser device (18) lies at greater wavelengths than the wavelength range, to which the target acquisition (14) reacts.
  9. Defensive device according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that light pulses can be emitted in a repetition mode.
  10. Defensive device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the location of the plasma generation is at least approximately settable.
  11. Defensive device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a stationary positioning.
  12. Defensive device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by a mobile positioning.
  13. Defensive device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a positioning on the ground.
  14. Defensive device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by a positioning on a flying object (34).
  15. Method of defending against missiles that have a target acquisition that reacts to electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, in which by means of a laser device (18) one or more plasma clouds are generated in the air, wherein the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are generated at a spacing from the laser device (18).
  16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that a plasma discharge in the air is realized at a spacing from the laser device (18).
  17. Method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the plasma generation occurs at a spacing of at least 50 m from the laser device (18).
  18. Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are generated remote from a region that is to be protected.
  19. Method according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that by means of the laser device (18) sub-picosecond light pulses are emitted, which lead to the plasma formation in the atmosphere.
  20. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the plasma clouds or plasma clouds are formed in a region, in which a self-focusing of the light pulses occurs.
  21. Method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that such a phase adjustment is carried out at the laser device that a plasma discharge in the air occurs at a predetermined range of spacing from the laser device.
  22. Method according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the laser device is operated in accordance with the chirped-pulse amplification technique.
  23. Method according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that multiple light pulses are emitted.
  24. Use of a laser device having a sub-picosecond pulsed laser for generating plasma in air as a defence against missiles having target acquisition that reacts to electromagnetic radiation.
EP06116303A 2005-07-18 2006-06-29 Device and method for protection against missiles and use of a laser device Not-in-force EP1746381B8 (en)

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DE102005034613A DE102005034613B3 (en) 2005-07-18 2005-07-18 Anti-missile defense device, anti-missile defense method and use of a laser device

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WO2014035365A1 (en) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-06 Jh Quantum Technology, Inc. System and method for plasma generation
JP6376407B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2018-08-22 三菱重工業株式会社 Electromagnetic pulse irradiation method and electromagnetic pulse irradiation system
JP6376408B2 (en) * 2015-06-30 2018-08-22 三菱重工業株式会社 Electromagnetic pulse protection method and electromagnetic pulse protection system
DE102022130560A1 (en) 2022-11-18 2024-05-23 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method and device for defence against aircraft, in particular unmanned aircraft

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EP1746381B8 (en) 2010-09-01
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DE102005034613B3 (en) 2007-03-29
ATE473414T1 (en) 2010-07-15

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